A lightweight / load-bearing / ablation-resistant / heat-insulating / wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on superstructure

Abstract

The application discloses a light / loaded / anti-ablation / heat-insulation / wave-absorption multifunctional composite structure based on superstructure, which comprises a lower panel, an upper panel, a corrugated support plate, a wave-absorption super surface layer, an ultrahigh-temperature ceramic coating and a ceramic aerogel filler. The corrugated support plate is located between the lower panel and the upper panel, and the bottom of the corrugated support plate is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the lower panel, and the top of the corrugated support plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the upper panel. The wave-absorption super surface layer is periodically and arrayed on the surface of the corrugated support plate, and the lower surface of the upper panel also has the wave-absorption super surface layer which is periodically and arrayed. The ultrahigh-temperature ceramic coating is coated on the upper surface of the upper panel. The ceramic aerogel filler is filled in the space between the lower panel and the upper panel. The multifunctional composite structure has the advantages of stealth / heat protection multifunctional integration, light weight, high bearing strength and the like, and can provide a new way for realizing the integration of bearing, stealth and heat protection of a hypersonic vehicle component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of multifunctional integrated shell material technology for aircraft, and in particular to a lightweight / load-bearing / ablation-resistant / heat-insulating / wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure. Background Technology

[0002] Hypersonic vehicles must withstand extreme high-temperature environments exceeding 1000°C due to aerodynamic heating during flight, as well as ablation, placing stringent requirements on the heat resistance and insulation performance of their shell materials. Simultaneously, the continuous advancement of radar early warning, detection, and guidance interception technologies poses a significant threat to the survivability of hypersonic vehicles. Furthermore, the development of lightweight, high-performance load-bearing shell materials is crucial for improving the range and maneuverability of hypersonic vehicles. Therefore, lightweight, multifunctional integrated materials combining load-bearing capacity, ablation resistance, heat insulation, and radar absorption have become key technologies for the development of hypersonic vehicle equipment.

[0003] The outer protective layers of high-temperature components in existing high-speed aircraft primarily utilize resin-based composite materials and ceramic-based composite materials. Furthermore, high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption protection is mainly achieved by adding radar absorbers to the heat-resistant outer layer or by adding an electromagnetic wave-absorbing coating to the outermost layer. However, such structures suffer from the following problems: 1) The radar absorber is directly added to the composite material, directly affecting its mechanical and heat-resistant properties. 2) Adding radar absorbers or using an absorption coating significantly increases the material weight. 3) The effective bandwidth of the radar absorber is very limited, and its absorption performance is severely attenuated under high-temperature environments, making it difficult to achieve the desired stealth effect. Additionally, resin-based composite materials are generally ablative heat-resistant material systems, which undergo ablation deformation under extremely high-temperature service environments, affecting flight trajectory control performance, and the resulting carbonized layer strongly reflects electromagnetic waves. In summary, traditional materials are insufficient to meet the multi-functional integrated requirements of lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and radar-absorbing components for future high-speed, long-duration aircraft. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a lightweight / load-bearing / ablation-resistant / heat-insulating / wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure. This structure offers advantages such as integrated stealth and thermal protection, light weight, high load-bearing strength, ease of molding, and low manufacturing cost, providing a new approach for achieving integrated load-bearing, stealth, and thermal protection in future hypersonic vehicle components. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention discloses the following technical solutions.

[0005] A lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and microwave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure includes: a lower panel, an upper panel, a corrugated support plate, a microwave-absorbing metasurface layer, an ultra-high temperature ceramic coating, and a ceramic aerogel filler. The corrugated support plate is located between the lower and upper panels, with its bottom fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower panel and its top fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper panel. The microwave-absorbing metasurface layer is periodically arrayed on the surface of the corrugated support plate, and the lower surface of the upper panel also has a periodically arrayed microwave-absorbing metasurface layer. The ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is applied to the upper surface of the upper panel. The ceramic aerogel filler fills the space between the lower and upper panels.

[0006] Furthermore, both the lower panel and the corrugated support plate are made of ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic aerogel composite material. Optionally, the ceramic fiber includes at least one of quartz fiber, alumina fiber, etc. The aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, etc.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper panel is made of ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material. Optionally, the ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material includes quartz fiber reinforced quartz (SiO2). 2f / SiO2) ceramic composite materials, alumina fiber reinforced alumina (Al2O 3f / Al2O3) ceramic composite materials, silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) f / SiC) ceramic composite materials, etc.

[0008] Further, the material of the microwave absorbing metasurface layer is formed of a conductive phase and an inorganic binder. Optionally, the mass ratio of the conductive phase to the inorganic binder to the conductive phase is 2:3 to 1:1. Optionally, the conductive phase includes at least one of ruthenium dioxide, bismuth ruthenate, etc. The inorganic binder includes at least one of water glass, copper oxide-phosphate gum, etc.

[0009] Furthermore, the ceramic aerogel filler includes at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, etc.

[0010] Furthermore, the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is a high-melting-point boride or carbide. Optionally, the boride includes at least one of hafnium boride (HfB), zirconium boride (ZrB), etc. The carbide includes at least one of hafnium carbide (HfC), zirconium carbide (ZrC), tantalum carbide (TaC), etc.

[0011] Furthermore, the thickness of the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is 0.1~1mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the lower panel, upper panel, and corrugated support plate is between 2 and 4 mm.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: the lightweight / load-bearing / ablation-resistant / heat-insulating / wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on the superstructure of the present invention has the following characteristics: it is lightweight and low density, long-term high temperature resistance, oxidation and ablation resistance (700~3000℃), high efficiency heat insulation, wide-band high temperature electromagnetic wave absorption stealth, and good mechanical load-bearing performance. At the same time, the configuration is simple and easy to manufacture. It can be applied to meet the urgent need for electromagnetic wave absorption stealth / thermal protection in the extreme high temperature service environment of high-speed long-endurance flight of future hypersonic aircraft, thereby significantly improving the comprehensive protection capability of the next generation of aircraft. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0015] Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of the frame of the multifunctional composite structure in the embodiments below.

[0016] Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of a lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure, as shown in the embodiments below.

[0017] The markings in the diagram represent: 1-lower panel, 2-upper panel, 3-corrugated support plate, 4-wave-absorbing metasurface layer, 5-ultra-high temperature ceramic coating, and 6-ceramic aerogel filler. Detailed Implementation

[0018] For ease of description, the terms "up," "down," "left," and "right" appearing in this invention only indicate that they correspond to the up, down, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings. They do not limit the structure and are merely used to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to needs to have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. The invention will now be further described through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2This example illustrates a lightweight / load-bearing / ablation-resistant / heat-insulating / wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure. Through a novel multi-scale configuration design, it integrates the advantages of new materials such as mechanical superstructure, high-temperature resistant broadband electromagnetic stealth supersurface, nano-network porous super-insulating aerogel, and lightweight high-strength sandwich structure. This achieves a synergistic integration of lightweight high-strength load-bearing mechanical properties, high-temperature resistant broadband wave-absorbing performance, ablation-resistant heat-insulating performance, and highly efficient heat insulation performance. Specifically, the multifunctional composite structure includes a lower panel 1, an upper panel 2, a corrugated support plate 3, a wave-absorbing supersurface layer 4, an ultra-high temperature ceramic coating 5, and a ceramic aerogel filler 6. Wherein:

[0020] Both the lower panel 1 and the upper panel 2 are horizontally arranged, with the upper panel 2 located directly above the lower panel 1. The upper panel 2 is made of ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, which can be selected from quartz fiber reinforced quartz (SiO2). 2f / SiO2) ceramic composite materials, alumina fiber reinforced alumina (Al2O 3f / Al2O3) ceramic composite materials, silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) f The material of the lower panel 1 and the upper panel 2 is any one of the following: (SiC) ceramic composite materials. The ceramic fiber can be selected from at least one of quartz fiber, alumina fiber, etc. The aerogel can be selected from at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, etc. The thickness of the lower panel 1 and the upper panel 2 is between 2 and 4 mm, such as 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, etc.

[0021] The corrugated support plate 3, formed by sequentially connecting the ends of several V-shaped plates, is disposed in the space between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2. The bottom of the corrugated support plate 3 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower plate 1, and the top of the corrugated support plate 3 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper plate 2, thereby forming... Figure 1 The multifunctional composite frame shown has a corrugated support plate 3 whose main function is to achieve lightweight and high-strength load-bearing capacity. Its material is the same as that of the lower panel 1. The thickness of the corrugated support plate 3 is between 2 and 4 mm, such as 2 mm, 3 mm, or 4 mm.

[0022] The microwave-absorbing metasurface layer 4 is periodically arrayed on the surface of the corrugated support plate 3, and the lower surface of the upper panel 2 also has the microwave-absorbing metasurface layer 4 distributed in a periodic array. The microwave-absorbing metasurface layer 4 serves to reduce electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving electromagnetic stealth functionality. The material of the microwave-absorbing metasurface layer 4 is formed by a conductive phase and an inorganic binder. The mass ratio of the inorganic binder to the conductive phase is 2:3 to 1:1. The conductive phase can be selected from at least one of ruthenium dioxide, bismuth ruthenate, etc. The inorganic binder can be selected from at least one of water glass, copper oxide-phosphate adhesive, etc.

[0023] The ultra-high temperature ceramic coating 5 is applied to the upper surface of the top panel 2 using techniques such as thermal spraying. The ultra-high temperature ceramic coating 5 and the top panel 2 together primarily serve to resist high-temperature ablation and erosion. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating 5 is a high-melting-point boride or carbide. Specifically, the boride can be selected from at least one of hafnium boride (HfB), zirconium boride (ZrB), etc. The carbide can be selected from at least one of hafnium carbide (HfC), zirconium carbide (ZrC), tantalum carbide (TaC), etc. The thickness of the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating 5 is 0.1~1mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, etc.

[0024] The ceramic aerogel filler 6 is filled in the space between the lower panel 1 and the upper panel 2 to achieve a high-efficiency heat insulation effect. The ceramic aerogel filler 6 includes at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, etc. (density ≤ 0.6 g / cm³). 3 (The thermal conductivity is ≤0.05W / m•K). The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure in this embodiment has the characteristics of being lightweight and low in density, having long-term high-temperature resistance to oxidation and ablation (700~3000℃), high-efficiency heat insulation, broadband high-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption and stealth, and good mechanical load-bearing performance. At the same time, the configuration is simple and easy to manufacture. It can be applied to meet the urgent need for electromagnetic stealth / thermal protection in the extreme high-temperature service environment of high-speed long-endurance flight of future hypersonic aircraft, thereby significantly improving the survivability and penetration capability of the next generation of aircraft.

[0025] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure, characterized in that, include: The structure comprises a lower panel, an upper panel, a corrugated support plate, a microwave-absorbing metasurface layer, an ultra-high temperature ceramic coating, and a ceramic aerogel filler; wherein: the corrugated support plate is located between the lower panel and the upper panel, and the bottom of the corrugated support plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower panel, and the top of the corrugated support plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper panel; the microwave-absorbing metasurface layer is periodically arrayed on the surface of the corrugated support plate, and the lower surface of the upper panel also has the microwave-absorbing metasurface layer periodically arrayed; the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is applied to the upper surface of the upper panel; and the ceramic aerogel filler is filled in the space between the lower panel and the upper panel; The lower panel and the corrugated support plate are both made of ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic aerogel composite material; the upper panel is made of ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material; the material of the microwave absorbing metasurface layer is formed by a conductive phase and an inorganic binder; the conductive phase includes at least one of ruthenium dioxide and bismuth ruthenate; the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is a high-melting-point boride or carbide.

2. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic fiber includes at least one of quartz fiber, alumina fiber, and silicon carbide fiber.

3. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aerogel in the ceramic aerogel composite material includes at least one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, and silicon carbide aerogel.

4. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material includes any one of quartz fiber reinforced quartz ceramic composite material, alumina fiber reinforced alumina ceramic composite material, and silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composite material.

5. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the inorganic binder to the conductive phase is 2:3 to 1:

1.

6. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic binder includes at least one of water glass and copper oxide-phosphate adhesive.

7. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic aerogel filler includes at least one of silica aerogel and alumina aerogel.

8. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boride includes at least one of hafnium boride and zirconium boride.

9. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbide includes at least one of hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide, and tantalum carbide.

10. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The thickness of the ultra-high temperature ceramic coating is 0.1~1mm.

11. The lightweight, load-bearing, ablation-resistant, heat-insulating, and wave-absorbing multifunctional composite structure based on a superstructure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The thickness of the lower panel, upper panel, and corrugated support plate is between 2 and 4 mm.

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