Compressed cake of low-fertility soil in mining areas and preparation method and equipment thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compressed soil cake for low-fertility soil in mining areas, as well as a preparation method and equipment thereof. The invention relates to the field of soil remediation technology and comprises the following raw materials: low-fertility soil; organic fertilizer; adhesive; plant growth promoter; and coating material. The low-fertility soil is selected from mining area soil; the organic fertilizer is composed of waste plant material and microbial agents, wherein the microbial agents are nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the ratio of low-fertility soil to organic fertilizer is 1:3; the adhesive is a modified starch-based biodegradable material; the plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer; and the coating material is a water-soluble biopolymer. This compressed soil cake can effectively improve soil fertility in mining areas to promote plant growth. It effectively solves the problems existing in the existing technology for soil improvement in mining areas and provides an economical, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution for ecological restoration in mining areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, in particular to a compressed soil cake with low fertility used in mining areas and a preparation method and equipment thereof. Background Art

[0002] In mining areas, soils are often severely damaged by long-term mining activities, resulting in low soil fertility and difficulty in revegetating. Traditional soil improvement methods, such as applying chemical fertilizers and introducing foreign soils, are not only costly but can also cause secondary environmental pollution. Furthermore, these methods often overlook the role of soil microorganisms and fail to fully utilize the soil's inherent resilience.

[0003] Traditional soil improvement methods require a large amount of capital investment, which is difficult to sustain and costly for areas with weak economic foundations such as mining areas.

[0004] The use of chemical amendments such as fertilizers may pollute the soil and groundwater and affect the ecological balance.

[0005] Soil microorganisms are an important component of soil fertility, and traditional methods often fail to fully utilize the potential of soil microorganisms.

[0006] The use of foreign soils and chemical amendments may only be effective in the short term and lack the ability to improve soil fertility and promote vegetation recovery in the long term. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a compressed soil cake for low-fertility mining areas and a method for preparing the same. Organic fertilizers, plant growth promoters, compound fertilizers, and other materials are added to low-fertility soil in mining areas, mixed, and then compressed to form a cake. This compressed soil cake effectively improves soil fertility in mining areas and promotes plant growth. This method effectively addresses the challenges of existing soil improvement technologies in mining areas and provides an economical, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution for ecological restoration in mining areas.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a compressed cake of low-fertility soil for mining areas, the compressed cake of low-fertility soil for mining areas comprising the following raw materials:

[0009] Low-fertility soil; organic fertilizer; adhesive; plant growth promoter; coating material;

[0010] Among them, the low-fertility soil is selected from the mining area soil;

[0011] The organic fertilizer is composed of waste plant materials and microbial agents, where the types of microbial agents are nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the ratio between low-fertility soil and organic fertilizer is 1:3;

[0012] The adhesive is a modified starch-based biodegradable material;

[0013] The plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer, specifically at least one of slow-release urea, polyammonium sulfate, and resin-coated compound fertilizer;

[0014] The coating material is a water-soluble biopolymer.

[0015] A method for preparing a compressed cake of low-fertility soil in mining areas, which is used to prepare the compressed cake of low-fertility soil in mining areas, comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Select low-fertility soil unique to the mining area and remove large rocks and impurities through screening;

[0017] Step 2: Mix soil and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:3, and add adhesive and plant growth promoter until the mixture is evenly mixed;

[0018] Step 3: compressing the mixed soil mixture through a compression device to form a hexagonal soil compressed cake;

[0019] Step 4: After the soil compressed cake is dried in the sun, a layer of coating material is applied to its surface to prevent moisture loss.

[0020] A compression device for low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas is applied to the above-mentioned method for preparing low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas. The compression device for low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas includes a lower hydraulic cylinder, a gravity load plate is fixed on the top of the lower hydraulic cylinder, and a limited positioning shaping component is distributed on the outer side of the gravity load plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the limiting shaping component includes an electric push rod, a spring box, a lifting slider and a limiting side plate. The spring box is fixed to the end of the electric push rod, and the lifting slider is arranged inside the spring box. The end face of the lifting slider is fixed with a limiting side plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the side surface of the limiting side plate is adapted to the outer side surface of the gravity load plate, and the limiting side plate is elastically connected to the spring box via a lifting slider.

[0023] Furthermore, an equipment frame is provided above the limiting side plate, and a compression component is provided in the middle of the equipment frame.

[0024] Furthermore, the compression assembly includes an upper hydraulic cylinder, a lower pressure plate, a rotary spring disk, a transmission belt, a movable scraper, a transmission gear and a fixed rack. The lower pressure plate is fixed to the bottom of the upper hydraulic cylinder, and a rotary spring disk is provided on both sides of the lower pressure plate. The surface of the rotary spring disk is meshed with the transmission belt, and the movable scraper is fixed to the bottom surface of the transmission belt. The surface of the rotary spring disk is fixed with a transmission gear, and a fixed rack is provided on the side of the transmission gear.

[0025] Furthermore, the surface of the movable scraper is in contact with the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate, and the movable scraper forms a transmission structure through a transmission belt, a rotary spring plate, a transmission gear and a fixed rack, and the top of the fixed rack is fixedly connected to the equipment frame.

[0026] Furthermore, the compression assembly also includes a center groove, a rotating scraper, a slope surface, a spring telescopic rod and a drive motor. A center groove is opened in the middle of the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate, and a rotating scraper is arranged inside the center groove. Slope surfaces are provided on both sides of the rotating scraper, and a spring telescopic rod is fixed on the top of the rotating scraper, and the top of the spring telescopic rod is connected to the drive motor.

[0027] Furthermore, the driving motor is arranged inside the lower pressure plate, and the rotating scraper is elastically connected to the driving motor through a spring telescopic rod.

[0028] The present invention provides a compressed soil cake for low-fertility soil in mining areas and a preparation method and equipment thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. This is a compressed cake for low-fertility soil in mining areas. The adhesive can enhance the structural stability of the soil biscuits. The plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer that can gradually release nutrients in the soil. Thus, the plant growth promoter can continuously release nutrients in the soil to help plants grow better. It is especially suitable for low-fertility soil conditions in mining areas. The use of these fertilizers can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the soil and the needs of the plants to achieve the best improvement effect.

[0030] 2. After low-fertility soil is mixed with other raw materials, it will be compressed into a cake by a hydraulic compressor. However, the viscosity of low-fertility soil will increase after being mixed with other raw materials, making it difficult to separate from the lower pressure plate after being compressed into a cake. As a result, the compressed cake will be lifted together with the lower pressure plate and then suddenly fall under the action of gravity, causing the prepared compressed cake to scatter due to falling. The present invention is a compression device for low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas. After the compression is completed, the limiting side plates and the gravity carrier plate carry the soil compressed cake and rise synchronously with the lower pressure plate, so that the upper surface of the soil compressed cake is always in contact with the lower surface of the lower pressure plate, and the transmission gear engages with the fixed rack and rotates counterclockwise during the process of rising with the lower pressure plate, so that the transmission belt drives the moving scraper to make it stick to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate and move horizontally. Finally, the moving scraper passes between the soil compressed cake and the lower pressure plate, so that the upper surface of the soil compressed cake is completely separated from the lower surface of the lower pressure plate, thereby preventing the upper surface of the soil compressed cake from adhering to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate.

[0031] 3. The low-fertility soil compression cake used in mining areas and its preparation method and equipment, when the lower pressure plate descends, the driving motor drives the rotating scraper to rotate so that the tip of the small soil tip inside the fence baffle is broken up, so that the soil mixture inside the fence baffle can be quickly leveled, so that the soil mixture is evenly stressed when compressed, and after leveling, the rotating scraper stops rotating and the spring telescopic rod is contracted under the subsequent downward pressure of the lower pressure plate, so that the rotating scraper is retracted into the center groove, thereby ensuring that the surface of the soil mixture is compressed and leveled.

[0032] 4. The low-fertility soil compression cake used in mining areas and its preparation method and equipment have slope surfaces on both sides of the rotating scraper. When the moving scraper is attached to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate and moves horizontally, it will first contact the slope surface. The slope surface is subjected to force and carries the rotating scraper into the center groove, and the moving scraper will perform a set of reciprocating translations, thereby quickly separating the lower surface of the rotating scraper from the upper surface of the soil compression cake. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the limiting side plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface structure of the lower pressing plate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the drive motor structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the back side of the lower pressing plate of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the lower pressing plate of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1. Lower hydraulic cylinder; 2. Gravity load plate; 3. Limiting and shaping assembly; 301. Electric push rod; 302. Spring box; 303. Lifting slide; 304. Limiting side plate; 4. Equipment frame; 5. Compression assembly; 501. Upper hydraulic cylinder; 502. Lower pressure plate; 503. Rotating spring disk; 504. Transmission belt; 505. Moving scraper; 506. Transmission gear; 507. Fixed rack; 508. Center groove; 509. Rotating scraper; 510. Slope surface; 511. Spring telescopic rod; 512. Drive motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention provides a technical solution: a compressed cake of low-fertility soil in mining areas, which comprises the following raw materials:

[0042] 70-100 parts of low-fertility soil; 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer; 25-32 parts of adhesive; 30-50 parts of plant growth promoter; 10-20 parts of coating material, all of the above raw materials are expressed in parts by weight;

[0043] Among them, low-fertility soil is selected from mining area soil, and the mining area soil needs to be screened to remove large stones and impurities;

[0044] The organic fertilizer is composed of waste plant materials and microbial agents, where the types of microbial agents are nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the ratio between low-fertility soil and organic fertilizer is 1:3;

[0045] The adhesive is a modified starch-based biodegradable material;

[0046] The plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer, specifically at least one of slow-release urea, polyammonium sulfate, and resin-coated compound fertilizer;

[0047] The coating material is a water-soluble biopolymer. It is typically composed of natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers that dissolve in water, slowly releasing nutrients into the soil and promoting plant growth. The coating material also ensures that the soil cake remains isolated from the outside world when not in use. When in use, it dissolves in water or biodegrades, exposing the soil cake and promoting nutrient release and plant growth. Coating materials can include, but are not limited to, the following types:

[0048] Modified cellulose: Modified by chemical or physical methods to improve its water solubility or biodegradability.

[0049] Polylactic acid (PLA): A bioplastic made from renewable resources (such as corn starch) that has good biodegradability.

[0050] Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A natural polymer material synthesized by microorganisms that is biodegradable and biocompatible.

[0051] Polyamino acid: A high molecular weight compound formed by the polymerization of amino acid monomers with good biodegradability.

[0052] Polysaccharides: such as sodium alginate, chitosan, etc. These natural polysaccharides have good biodegradability and water solubility.

[0053] Protein-based materials: such as soy protein, gelatin, etc. These protein-derived materials can be hydrolyzed and biodegraded under certain conditions.

[0054] Synthetic biodegradable polymers: such as polyesters (such as polycaprolactone PCL), polyether esters, etc. These materials are prepared through synthetic routes and have good biodegradability.

[0055] A method for preparing a compressed cake of low-fertility soil for use in mining areas, which is used to prepare the compressed cake of low-fertility soil for use in mining areas, comprises the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Select low-fertility soil unique to the mining area and remove large rocks and impurities through screening;

[0057] Step 2: Mix soil and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:3, and add adhesives and plant growth promoters until the mixture is evenly mixed. The adhesive can enhance the structural stability of the soil biscuits. The plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer that can gradually release nutrients in the soil. Specifically:

[0058] Slow-release urea: This is a common slow-release fertilizer. It is treated with a special coating or technology to allow the urea granules to slowly decompose in the soil, gradually releasing nitrogen, thereby providing long-term nutrient supply;

[0059] Polyammonium sulfate: This fertilizer contains sulfur and nitrogen, two nutrients essential for plant growth. Its slow-release properties come from its high molecular structure, which allows it to steadily release nutrients in the soil.

[0060] Resin-coated compound fertilizer: This type of fertilizer achieves a slow-release effect by coating the fertilizer particles in a layer of resin material to control the dissolution rate of the fertilizer;

[0061] Plant growth promoters can continuously release nutrients in the soil to help plants grow better. They are especially suitable for low-fertility soil conditions in mining areas. The use of these fertilizers can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the soil and the needs of the plants to achieve the best improvement effect.

[0062] Step 3: The mixed soil mixture is compressed and molded by a compression device to form a hexagonal soil compressed cake. The hexagonal soil compressed cake is convenient for stacking and transportation;

[0063] Step 4: After the soil compressed cake is dried in the sun, a layer of coating material is applied to its surface to prevent moisture loss.

[0064] The soil compressed biscuits of the present invention can effectively improve soil fertility in mining areas and promote plant growth, and have a simple preparation process, low cost, and are easy to promote and apply on a large scale.

[0065] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a compression device for low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas is applied to the above-mentioned method for preparing low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas. The compression device for low-fertility soil compressed cakes in mining areas includes a lower hydraulic cylinder 1, a gravity load plate 2 is fixed on the top of the lower hydraulic cylinder 1, and a limiting shaping component 3 is distributed on the outer side of the gravity load plate 2. The limiting shaping component 3 includes an electric push rod 301, a spring box 302, a lifting slider 303 and a limiting side plate 304. The end of the electric push rod 301 is fixed with a spring box 302, and the interior of the spring box 302 is provided with a lifting slider 303. The end face of the lifting slider 303 is fixed with a limiting side plate 304. The side surface of the limiting side plate 304 is adapted to the outer side surface of the gravity load plate 2, and the limiting side plate 304 is elastically connected to the spring box 302 through the lifting slider 303. An equipment frame 4 is provided above the limiting side plate 304, and a compression component 5 is provided in the middle of the equipment frame 4. The compression component 5 includes The upper hydraulic cylinder 501, the lower pressure plate 502, the rotary spring disk 503, the transmission belt 504, the moving scraper 505, the transmission gear 506 and the fixed rack 507, the lower pressure plate 502 is fixed to the bottom of the upper hydraulic cylinder 501, and the rotary spring disk 503 is provided on both sides of the lower pressure plate 502, and the surface of the rotary spring disk 503 is meshed with the transmission belt 504, which is a toothed transmission belt. The transmission belt 504 can also be changed to a chain, and the transmission belt 506 is fixed to the bottom of the upper hydraulic cylinder 501. A moving scraper 505 is fixed to the bottom surface of 04, a transmission gear 506 is fixed to the surface of the rotary spring disk 503, and a fixed rack 507 is provided on the side of the transmission gear 506. The surface of the moving scraper 505 is in contact with the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and the moving scraper 505 forms a transmission structure through the transmission belt 504, the rotary spring disk 503, the transmission gear 506 and the fixed rack 507, and the top of the fixed rack 507 is fixedly connected to the equipment frame 4;

[0066] The specific operation is as follows: first, the lower hydraulic cylinder 1 is extended and retracted to adjust the height of the gravity carrier 2, ensuring that the gravity carrier 2 still has space to move upward. The electric push rod 301 is extended, causing the spring box 302, the lifting slider 303 and the limit plate 304 to extend, so that the limit plate 304 surrounds the gravity carrier 2 to form a fence. Then, a certain amount of soil mixture is added into the fence.

[0067] Then the upper hydraulic cylinder 501 drives the lower pressure plate 502 to extend and descend, and the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 contacts the top surface of the limiting side plate 304. At this time, the limiting side plate 304 causes the lifting slider 303 to slide down along the inside of the spring box 302 under the downward pressure, and the spring inside the spring box 302 is compressed. At the same time, the gravity load plate 2 remains stationary, so the limiting side plate 304 slides down along the side of the gravity load plate 2 as the lower pressure plate 502 descends until the gravity load plate 2 senses that the pressure value reaches the preset value. At this time, the lower pressure plate 502 stops pressing down. At this time, the soil mixture is compressed into a hexagonal cake-shaped structure, which is called a soil compression cake.

[0068] After the lower pressure plate 502 stops pressing down, it will change to a state of contraction and rise. When the lower pressure plate 502 rises, the spring force of the limit side plate 304 in the spring box 302 rises accordingly. At the same time, the lower hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the gravity load plate 2 to make the soil compression cake rise synchronously with the lower pressure plate 502, so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is always in contact with the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and the transmission gear 506 is engaged with the fixed rack 507 and rotates during the process of rising with the lower pressure plate 502. Figure 5 As shown, when the lower pressure plate 502 rises, the transmission gear 506 meshes with the fixed rack 507 and rotates counterclockwise. At this time, the transmission gear 506 drives the rotary spring plate 503 to transmit the transmission belt 504, and the rotary spring plate 503 enters a rotating force storage state. The transmission belt 504 drives the moving scraper 505 to be attached to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and move horizontally. Finally, the moving scraper 505 passes between the soil compression cake and the lower pressure plate 502, so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is completely separated from the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502, thereby preventing the upper surface of the soil compression cake from adhering to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and then the electric push rod 301 carries the limiting side plate 304 to retract and separate from the gravity carrier 2, so that the soil compression cake compressed on the surface of the gravity carrier 2 can be easily recovered manually.

[0069] The end of the lower pressing plate 502 is in an arc shape because the moving scraper 505 moves in the opposite direction during the lower pressing plate 502 descending process and will move to the top of the lower pressing plate 502 along with the transmission belt 504. If the lower pressing plate 502 does not have an arc transition, it is easy to cause the moving scraper 505 to get stuck at the square end.

[0070] Moreover, the movable scraper 505 is in a blade-like structure. When it is attached to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and moves horizontally, the limiting side plate 304 is attached to the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and the gravity load plate 2 and the limiting side plate 304 carry the soil compression cake and the lower pressure plate 502 and rise synchronously. At this time, the lower pressure plate 502 and the limiting side plate 304 are in contact but without excessive pressure, so that the movable scraper 505 passes between the lower pressure plate 502 and the limiting side plate 304 to separate the soil compression cake;

[0071] When the transmission gear 506 rises and separates from the fixed rack 507, the rotary spring disk 503 releases kinetic energy and rotates. At this time, the transmission belt 504 drives the moving scraper 505 in the opposite direction to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and returns to its original position, thereby facilitating the next operation. Similarly, when the transmission gear 506 descends and engages with the fixed rack 507 to rotate counterclockwise, the transmission belt 504 drives the moving scraper 505 to move to the side away from the soil compression cake, thereby not affecting the normal compression of the soil mixture.

[0072] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the compression assembly 5 also includes a central groove 508, a rotating scraper 509, a ramp surface 510, a spring telescopic rod 511 and a drive motor 512. A central groove 508 is opened in the middle of the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and a rotating scraper 509 is arranged inside the central groove 508. Slope surfaces 510 are provided on both sides of the rotating scraper 509, and a spring telescopic rod 511 is fixed to the top of the rotating scraper 509. The top of the spring telescopic rod 511 is connected to the drive motor 512. The drive motor 512 is arranged inside the lower pressure plate 502, and the rotating scraper 509 is elastically connected to the drive motor 512 through the spring telescopic rod 511.

[0073] The specific operation is as follows: when the soil mixture is put into the fence baffle, small soil tips will be formed. The small soil tips are easily subjected to uneven force and are not conducive to the compression of the soil into a cake. Therefore, during the descent of the lower pressure plate 502, the rotating scraper 509 extends from the center groove 508 under the elastic action of the spring telescopic rod 511. During the descent of the lower pressure plate 502, the driving motor 512 drives the rotating scraper 509 to rotate so that when it contacts the small soil tips inside the fence baffle, the tips thereof are broken up, so that the soil mixture inside the fence baffle can be quickly leveled. After leveling, the rotating scraper 509 stops rotating and the spring telescopic rod 511 is subsequently contracted under the downward pressure of the lower pressure plate 502, so that the rotating scraper 509 is retracted into the center groove 508, thereby ensuring that the surface of the soil mixture is compressed and leveled.

[0074] There are sloped surfaces 510 on both sides of the rotating scraper 509. When the moving scraper 505 is attached to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and moves horizontally, it will first contact the sloped surface 510. The sloped surface 510 is subjected to force and carries the rotating scraper 509 into the center groove 508, and the moving scraper 505 will perform a set of reciprocating translations, thereby quickly separating the lower surface of the rotating scraper 509 from the upper surface of the soil compression cake.

[0075] In summary, the low-fertility soil compressed cake for mining areas and its preparation method and equipment, when in use, first, the lower hydraulic cylinder 1 is extended and retracted to adjust the height of the gravity carrier plate 2, ensuring that the gravity carrier plate 2 still has space to move upward, and the electric push rod 301 is extended to cause the spring box 302, the lifting slider 303 and the limiting side plate 304 to extend, so that the limiting side plate 304 surrounds the gravity carrier plate 2 to form a fence baffle, and then a certain amount of soil mixture is added into the fence baffle;

[0076] Then the upper hydraulic cylinder 501 drives the lower pressure plate 502 to extend and descend, and the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 contacts the top surface of the limiting side plate 304. At this time, the limiting side plate 304 causes the lifting slider 303 to slide down along the inside of the spring box 302 under the downward pressure, and the spring inside the spring box 302 is compressed. At the same time, the gravity load plate 2 remains stationary, so the limiting side plate 304 slides down along the side of the gravity load plate 2 as the lower pressure plate 502 descends until the gravity load plate 2 senses that the pressure value reaches the preset value. At this time, the lower pressure plate 502 stops pressing down. At this time, the soil mixture is compressed into a hexagonal cake-shaped structure, which is called a soil compression cake.

[0077] After the lower pressure plate 502 stops pressing down, it will change to a state of contraction and rise. When the lower pressure plate 502 rises, the spring force of the limit side plate 304 in the spring box 302 rises accordingly. At the same time, the lower hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the gravity load plate 2 to make the soil compression cake rise synchronously with the lower pressure plate 502, so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is always in contact with the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502, and the transmission gear 506 is engaged with the fixed rack 507 and rotates during the process of rising with the lower pressure plate 502. Figure 5 As shown, when the lower pressure plate 502 rises, the transmission gear 506 engages with the fixed rack 507 and rotates counterclockwise. At this time, the transmission gear 506 drives the rotary spring disk 503 to transmit the transmission belt 504, and the rotary spring disk 503 enters a rotation and power storage state. The transmission belt 504 drives the moving scraper 505 to move horizontally along the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502. Finally, the moving scraper 505 passes between the soil compression cake and the lower pressure plate 502, so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is completely separated from the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502.

[0078] When the transmission gear 506 rises and separates from the fixed rack 507, the rotary spring disk 503 releases kinetic energy and rotates. At this time, the transmission belt 504 drives the movable scraper 505 in the opposite direction to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and returns to its original position, thereby facilitating the next operation. Similarly, when the transmission gear 506 descends and engages with the fixed rack 507 to rotate counterclockwise, the transmission belt 504 drives the movable scraper 505 to move away from the soil compression cake, thereby not affecting the normal compression of the soil mixture.

[0079] During the descent of the lower pressure plate 502, the rotating scraper 509 extends from the center groove 508 under the elastic action of the spring telescopic rod 511. During the descent of the lower pressure plate 502, the driving motor 512 drives the rotating scraper 509 to rotate so that when it contacts the small soil tips inside the fence baffle, the tips thereof are broken up, so that the soil mixture inside the fence baffle can be quickly leveled. After leveling, the rotating scraper 509 stops rotating and the spring telescopic rod 511 is subsequently retracted under the downward pressure of the lower pressure plate 502, so that the rotating scraper 509 is retracted into the center groove 508.

[0080] There are sloped surfaces 510 on both sides of the rotating scraper 509. When the moving scraper 505 is attached to the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 502 and moves horizontally, it will first contact the sloped surface 510. The sloped surface 510 is subjected to force and carries the rotating scraper 509 into the center groove 508, and the moving scraper 505 will perform a set of reciprocating translations, thereby quickly separating the lower surface of the rotating scraper 509 from the upper surface of the soil compression cake.

[0081] The embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications as suited for specific applications.

Claims

1. A compression device for compressing low-fertility soil cakes in mining areas, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lower hydraulic cylinder (1), a gravity load plate (2) is fixed on the top of the lower hydraulic cylinder (1), and a limiting shaping component (3) is distributed on the outer side of the gravity load plate (2), the limiting shaping component (3) comprises an electric push rod (301), a spring box (302), a lifting slider (303) and a limiting side plate (304), the end of the electric push rod (301) is fixed with the spring box (302), and the interior of the spring box (302) is provided with a lifting slider (303), the end face of the lifting slider (303) is fixed with the limiting side plate (304), the side face of the limiting side plate (304) is adapted to the outer side face of the gravity load plate (2), and the limiting side plate (304) is connected to the spring box through the lifting slider (303). (302) elastic connection, an equipment frame (4) is provided above the limiting side plate (304), and a compression assembly (5) is provided in the middle of the equipment frame (4), the compression assembly (5) comprises an upper hydraulic cylinder (501), a lower pressure plate (502), a rotary spring disk (503), a transmission belt (504), a movable scraper (505), a transmission gear (506) and a fixed rack (507), the lower pressure plate (502) is fixed to the bottom of the upper hydraulic cylinder (501), and rotary spring disks (503) are provided on both sides of the lower pressure plate (502), the surface of the rotary spring disk (503) is meshed with the transmission belt (504), and the bottom surface of the transmission belt (504) is fixed with the movable scraper (505), a transmission gear (506) is fixed on the surface of the rotary spring disk (503), and a fixed rack (507) is provided on the side of the transmission gear (506), the surface of the movable scraper (505) is in contact with the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate (502), and the movable scraper (505) forms a transmission structure through the transmission belt (504), the rotary spring disk (503), the transmission gear (506) and the fixed rack (507), and the top of the fixed rack (507) is fixedly connected to the equipment frame (4). When the compression equipment is used, the upper hydraulic cylinder (501) drives the lower pressure plate (502) to extend and descend, and the lower surface of the lower pressure plate (502) contacts the top surface of the limiting side plate (304). At this time, the limiting side plate Under the downward pressure, (304) causes the lifting slider (303) to slide down along the inside of the spring box (302), and the spring inside the spring box (302) is compressed. At the same time, the gravity carrier (2) remains stationary. After the lower pressure plate (502) stops pressing down, it will change to a contracted and rising state. When the lower pressure plate (502) rises, the spring force of the limit side plate (304) inside the spring box (302) rises accordingly. At the same time, the lower hydraulic cylinder (1) drives the gravity carrier (2) to make the soil compression cake rise synchronously with the lower pressure plate (502), so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is always in contact with the lower surface of the lower pressure plate (502). The transmission gear (506) meshes with the fixed rack (507) and rotates during the process of rising with the lower pressure plate (502).At this time, the transmission gear (506) drives the rotary spring disk (503) to drive the transmission belt (504), and the transmission belt (504) drives the moving scraper (505) to move horizontally along the lower surface of the lower pressure plate (502). Finally, the moving scraper (505) passes between the soil compression cake and the lower pressure plate (502), so that the upper surface of the soil compression cake is completely separated from the lower surface of the lower pressure plate (502).

2. The compression equipment for low-fertility soil cakes in mining areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The compression assembly (5) further comprises a central groove (508), a rotating scraper (509), a slope surface (510), a spring telescopic rod (511) and a driving motor (512); a central groove (508) is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the lower pressure plate (502), and a rotating scraper (509) is provided inside the central groove (508); slope surfaces (510) are provided on both sides of the rotating scraper (509), and a spring telescopic rod (511) is fixed to the top of the rotating scraper (509); and the top of the spring telescopic rod (511) is connected to the driving motor (512).

3. The compression equipment for low-fertility soil cakes in mining areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving motor (512) is arranged inside the lower pressing plate (502), and the rotating scraper (509) is elastically connected to the driving motor (512) via a spring telescopic rod (511).

4. A soil compression cake for low-fertility soil in mining areas, which is prepared using the compression equipment for low-fertility soil compression cake in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressed soil cake for low fertility in mining areas comprises the following raw materials: Low-fertility soil; organic fertilizer; adhesive; plant growth promoter; coating material; Among them, the low-fertility soil is selected from the mining area soil; The organic fertilizer is composed of waste plant materials and microbial agents, where the types of microbial agents are nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the ratio between low-fertility soil and organic fertilizer is 1:3; The adhesive is a modified starch-based biodegradable material; The plant growth promoter is a slow-release fertilizer, specifically at least one of slow-release urea, polyammonium sulfate, and resin-coated compound fertilizer; The coating material is a water-soluble biopolymer.

5. A method for preparing a compressed cake of low-fertility soil for use in mining areas, the method being used to prepare the compressed cake of low-fertility soil for use in mining areas as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select low-fertility soil unique to the mining area and remove large rocks and impurities through screening; Step 2: Mix soil and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:3, and add adhesive and plant growth promoter until the mixture is evenly mixed; Step 3: compressing the mixed soil mixture through a compression device to form a hexagonal soil compressed cake; Step 4: After the soil compressed cake is dried in the sun, a layer of coating material is applied to its surface to prevent moisture loss.

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