Air circulation machine

Abstract

The present invention provides an air cycle machine, comprising an air expansion mechanism, the air expansion mechanism including an expansion volute and a turbine within the expansion volute, a turbine having a wheel cover mounted on its outer periphery, the wheel cover including a connecting cover plate and an air outlet pipe located on the outer end surface of the connecting cover plate, the wheel cover being connected to the expansion volute via the connecting cover plate, and the air cycle machine further including an anti-icing pipe mounted radially outwardly of the air outlet pipe, the anti-icing pipe having a hot air flow introduction pipe, the radial projection of the turbine outlet end surface on the air outlet pipe forming a first projection circle, and the hot air flow delivered linearly by the hot air flow introduction pipe covering at least a portion of the first projection circle. The present invention can specifically direct a higher-temperature airflow in a linear impact manner to the lowest-temperature region of the air outlet pipe, thereby effectively raising the air outlet pipe temperature in this region, thereby effectively reducing the probability of ice formation in this region, and effectively preventing ice blockage at the air outlet of the turbine of the air expansion mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of air conditioning, and in particular relates to an air cycle machine. Background Art

[0002] In an air cycle machine, air cooled by primary heat exchange enters the compressor from the compressor inlet (also known as the compressor inlet), where it is pressurized and heated by the impeller. High-temperature, high-pressure gas is discharged from the compressor outlet (also known as the compressor outlet) and, after heat exchange and cooling in the intermediate heat exchanger, enters the turbine through the turbine inlet (also known as the expansion inlet) to complete expansion cooling and output mechanical work. The cooled gas is discharged from the turbine outlet (also known as the expansion outlet), achieving the air cycle refrigeration function. The airflow temperature at the turbine outlet can be as low as -40°C, so ice may form at the turbine outlet. Due to the rotation of the airflow at the turbine outlet, ice particles in the airflow accumulate on the wall of the turbine outlet due to inertia, blocking the turbine outlet after a period of time, which is called ice blockage. To address the aforementioned technical issues, patent publication number CN 115126556 A proposes a turbine structure and an air cycle machine utilizing the same. The turbine structure comprises a turbine shroud and an air bleed assembly, which is mounted on the shroud and forms a channel between the shroud and the compressor outlet. The bleed assembly requires only a simple structure, and the heat source is the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by the compressor itself. To prevent icing, a small portion of the high-temperature air output from the compressor is introduced to heat the turbine shroud, thereby preventing icing in low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the compressor operates in conjunction with the air cycle machine, and the high-temperature, high-pressure gas it generates can continuously act on the turbine shroud, maximizing the time the high-temperature gas heats the shroud and achieving a more effective heating effect. The inventors discovered that, in the technical solution disclosed in the patent, the anti-icing hot air flow is introduced along the axial direction of the shroud, which can increase the shroud temperature and thus achieve anti-icing at the turbine outlet. However, due to the lack of targeted heating of the shroud temperature zone, the anti-icing effect still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides an air cycle machine that can overcome the technical problem in the prior art that the hot air flow introduced by the anti-icing cylinder at the outlet of the expander turbine lacks targeted heating of the wheel cover temperature area and the anti-icing effect is still insufficient.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an air cycle machine, including an air expansion mechanism, the air expansion mechanism including an expansion volute and a turbine located in the expansion volute, the outer periphery of the turbine is covered with a wheel cover, the wheel cover including a connecting cover plate and an air outlet tube on the outer end surface of the connecting cover plate, the wheel cover is connected to the expansion volute via the connecting cover plate, the air cycle machine also includes an anti-icing tube, the anti-icing tube is mounted on the radial outer side of the air outlet tube, the anti-icing tube has a hot air flow inlet pipe, the outlet end surface of the turbine is projected on the air outlet tube along its radial direction as a first projection circle, and the hot air flow sent out in a straight line by the hot air flow inlet pipe covers at least a partial area of ​​the first projection circle.

[0005] In some embodiments, the central axis of the air outlet and the central axis of the hot air flow inlet pipe form a first plane. On the projection of the air expansion mechanism on the first plane, the direction of the hot air flow sent out in a straight line by the hot air flow inlet pipe forms an acute angle with the air flow delivery direction of the air outlet.

[0006] In some embodiments, the anti-icing cylinder further has an airflow return pipe, which is communicated with the expansion air inlet of the expansion volute.

[0007] In some embodiments, .

[0008] In some embodiments, the anti-icing cylinder includes an outer cylinder wall and an inner cylinder wall, the outer cylinder wall is sleeved on the radially outer side of the inner cylinder wall, and a sealing ring is provided between the ends of the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall away from the wheel cover to form an anti-icing ring cavity with an opening toward one side of the wheel cover, the free end surface of the outer cylinder wall is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the connecting cover plate, the inner cylinder wall is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the air outlet cylinder, the hot air flow inlet pipe and the air flow return pipe are both formed on the outer cylinder wall and communicated with the anti-icing ring cavity; and / or,

[0009] The airflow return pipe and the hot airflow introduction pipe are respectively located on two opposite sides of the air outlet tube.

[0010] In some embodiments, the axial length of the inner cylinder wall is smaller than the axial length of the outer cylinder wall, and the mating position of the inner cylinder wall and the outer wall surface of the outlet cylinder is located on the side of the first projection circle away from the turbine; and / or,

[0011] The inner tube wall and the outer wall surface of the gas outlet tube are interference fit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the anti-icing ring cavity has a ring width d, 4 mm ≤ d ≤ 8 mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, d = 6 mm.

[0014] In some embodiments, a temperature control shell is mounted on the radial outer side of the anti-icing cylinder, and the temperature control shell is used to introduce airflow of target temperature and mix it with the low-temperature airflow sent out by the air outlet cylinder for temperature adjustment. A first flow hole that is sealed and docked with the hot air flow inlet pipe and / or a second flow hole that is sealed and docked with the air flow return pipe are formed on the temperature control shell.

[0015] In some embodiments, a drainage hole is further formed on the temperature control housing, and the drainage hole is formed in the lower area of ​​the temperature control housing; and / or,

[0016] The outlet of the first flow hole is connected to the hot air flow introduction pipe via a high-temperature resistant adhesive, and / or the second flow hole is connected to the air flow return pipe via a high-temperature resistant adhesive;

[0017] An annular buffer cavity is formed between the anti-icing cylinder and the temperature control shell, the temperature control air flow inlet on the temperature control shell is located on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity, and / or a static pressure taking port is also formed on the temperature control shell, and the static pressure taking port is located on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments, the air cycle machine further includes an air compression mechanism, which includes a compression volute, on which is formed a compression air outlet connected to the expansion air inlet of the expansion volute and an anti-icing air outlet connected to the hot air flow inlet pipe.

[0019] The air cycle machine provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By installing an anti-icing cylinder with a hot air flow introduction pipe on the outer peripheral side wall of the air outlet, the higher temperature airflow (i.e., the anti-icing airflow) can be directed in a targeted and linear manner to the lowest temperature area of ​​the air outlet, thereby effectively raising the air outlet temperature in this area, thereby effectively reducing the probability of icing in this area, effectively preventing ice blockage at the turbine outlet of the air expansion mechanism, and further improving the anti-icing effect at the turbine outlet;

[0021] The thermal airflow inlet pipe is tilted at an acute angle from left to right, ensuring that the incoming thermal airflow is first directed to the pipe section where the exhaust pipe and turbine meet for efficient heating, further improving the anti-icing effect;

[0022] Guiding the airflow output from the anti-icing cylinder to the expansion air inlet via the airflow return pipe can reduce energy loss;

[0023] The hot air introduced by the hot air inlet pipe will be divided into two flow paths on the left and right sides of the outlet pipe. After heat exchange with the wall of the outlet pipe, it will converge at the air flow return pipe, ensuring that the hot air flow completely wraps around the outlet pipe. More importantly, this process also achieves full circumferential coverage of the area corresponding to the first projection circle mentioned above, ensuring that there are no blind spots in ice protection.

[0024] The anti-icing cylinder has an anti-icing ring cavity with one end open. The open side of the anti-icing ring cavity is sealed with the outer wall of the connecting cover, thereby ensuring that the hot air flow can directly contact and exchange heat with the connecting cover, further improving the anti-icing effect.

[0025] The axial length of the outer tube wall is greater than the axial length of the inner tube wall, and the matching position of the inner tube wall and the outer wall surface of the outlet tube is on the side of the first projection circle away from the turbine, so that the hot air flow in the aforementioned anti-icing ring cavity can directly contact the outer wall surface of the outlet tube for heat exchange as much as possible, which can further enhance the anti-icing effect of the hot air flow and prevent the problem of reduced heat exchange efficiency caused by the double-layer wall arranged on the radial outer side of the outlet tube. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. The drawings described below are merely exemplary. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the air cycle machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of the air cycle machine in FIG.

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-icing cylinder;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 sectional view of .

[0031] The accompanying drawings are:

[0032] 1. Air expansion mechanism; 11. Expansion volute; 111. Expansion air inlet; 12. Turbine; 13. Wheel cover; 131. Connecting cover plate; 132. Exhaust pipe;

[0033] 2. Anti-icing cylinder; 21. Hot air inlet pipe; 22. Air return pipe; 231. Outer cylinder wall; 232. Inner cylinder wall; 233. Sealing ring; 234. Anti-icing ring cavity;

[0034] 3. Temperature control housing; 31. First flow hole; 32. Second flow hole; 33. Drain hole; 34. Temperature control air inlet; 35. Static pressure port;

[0035] 4. Compressor mechanism; 41. Compressor volute; 411. Compressor outlet; 412. Anti-icing outlet; 413. Compressor inlet;

[0036] 5. Air bleed connecting pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0039] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0040] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In an air cycle machine, after high-pressure dehydration, the air entering the turbine still contains a certain amount of water vapor. During the expansion and cooling process, the temperature drops below zero, even below -40°C. Part of the water vapor will condense into ice particles. As the airflow at the turbine outlet rotates, the ice particles in the airflow collide with the wall of the turbine outlet due to inertia and accumulate, blocking the turbine outlet after a period of time. In order to prevent ice particles from blocking the turbine outlet, refer to Figures 1 to 4 According to an embodiment of the present invention, an air cycle machine is provided. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes an air expansion mechanism 1. When the compressor airflow enters the air expansion mechanism 1, it will expand, cool and output mechanical work. Specifically, the air expansion mechanism 1 includes an expansion volute 11 and a turbine 12 in the expansion volute 11. The outer periphery of the turbine 12 is covered with a wheel cover 13. The wheel cover 13 includes a connecting cover plate 131 and an air outlet tube 132 on the outer end face of the connecting cover plate 131. The outer end face is also the end face of the connecting cover plate 131 facing the outside of the air expansion mechanism 1. The air outlet tube 132 is also the air outlet of the air expansion mechanism 1, that is, the turbine outlet mentioned above. The wheel cover 13 is connected to the expansion mechanism 1 via the connecting cover plate 131. The volute 11 is connected, and the air cycle machine also includes an anti-icing cylinder 2, which is mounted on the radially outer side of the outlet cylinder 132. The anti-icing cylinder 2 has a hot air flow introduction pipe 21 to guide the hot air flow with a higher temperature into the anti-icing cylinder 2. The outlet end face of the turbine 12 is projected onto the outlet cylinder 132 along its radial direction as a first projection circle. The hot air flow sent out in a straight line by the hot air flow introduction pipe 21 covers at least part of the first projection circle. It is worth emphasizing that the first projection circle is objectively an annular area corresponding to the outlet side of the turbine 12 and the outlet cylinder 132. The outlet temperature of this area is the lowest area of ​​the air expansion mechanism 1, and the risk of icing at this position is the greatest. For example, the above-mentioned coverage is projected along the air flow guiding direction (that is, the straight extension direction of the pipe) of the hot air flow introduction pipe 21. There is an intersection between the projection of the first projection circle and the projection of the pipe mouth of the hot air flow introduction pipe 21. It is best that the width of the first projection circle (measured in Figure 1 The orientation shown is for reference only, i.e. the left and right widths are within the range of the nozzle projection.

[0042] In this technical solution, an anti-icing cylinder 2 having a hot air flow inlet pipe 21 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the air outlet cylinder 132, so that the air flow with a higher temperature (i.e., the anti-icing air flow) can be targetedly guided in a straight-line impact manner to the lowest temperature area of ​​the air outlet cylinder 132, thereby effectively increasing the temperature of the air outlet cylinder 132 in this area, and then effectively reducing the probability of icing in this area, effectively preventing the occurrence of ice blockage at the turbine outlet of the air expansion mechanism, and further improving the anti-icing effect at the turbine outlet.

[0043] The wheel cover 13 can be specifically formed integrally with the expansion volute 11 (generally cast). In some feasible embodiments, the wheel cover 13 can also be designed independently and assembled and connected to the expansion volute 11 as a whole.

[0044] In some embodiments, the central axis of the air outlet 132 and the central axis of the hot air flow introduction pipe 21 form a first plane, and the projection of the air expansion mechanism 1 on the first plane, that is, Figure 2 In the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 2 , the hot air flow direction of the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 and the hot air flow direction of the outlet tube 132 form an acute angle, so that Figure 2 The orientation shown is for reference only, that is, the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 is tilted from left to right at an acute angle, so that the introduced hot air flow is first guided to the pipe section where the air outlet pipe 132 and the turbine 12 cooperate for efficient heating, and the anti-icing effect is further improved.

[0045] It can be understood that the anti-icing cylinder 2 also has an air flow return pipe 22, so that the air flow after heat exchange can be output from the anti-icing cylinder 2 in time to ensure timely replenishment of hot air flow and ensure the anti-icing effect. In some embodiments, the air flow return pipe 22 is connected to the expansion air inlet 111 of the expansion volute 11.

[0046] In this technical solution, the airflow output from the anti-icing cylinder 2 is guided to the expansion air inlet 111 via the airflow return pipe 22, which can reduce energy loss.

[0047] In some embodiments, the air flow return pipe 22 and the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 are respectively located on opposite sides of the air outlet 132. The aforementioned opposite sides are specifically, for example, based on the orientation of the air cycle machine during specific installation and use, one is located on the upper side of the air outlet 132, and the other is located on the lower side of the air outlet 132. In this way, it can be understood that the hot air flow introduced by the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 will be separated by the air outlet 132 into two flow paths on the left and right sides, and after heat exchange with the wall of the air outlet 132, they will converge at the air flow return pipe 22, which can ensure that the hot air flow completely wraps the air outlet 132. More importantly, this process also realizes full circumferential wrapping of the area corresponding to the aforementioned first projection circle, so that there is no dead angle for anti-icing.

[0048] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the anti-icing cylinder 2 includes an outer cylinder wall 231 and an inner cylinder wall 232, the outer cylinder wall 231 is mounted on the radially outer side of the inner cylinder wall 232, and a sealing ring 233 is provided between the ends of the outer cylinder wall 231 and the inner cylinder wall 232 away from the wheel cover 13 to form an anti-icing ring cavity 234 with an opening toward the side of the wheel cover 13, the free end face of the outer cylinder wall 231 is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the connecting cover plate 131, the inner cylinder wall 232 is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the air outlet cylinder 132, and the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 and the air flow return pipe 22 are both formed on the outer cylinder wall 231 and are connected to the anti-icing ring cavity 234.

[0049] In this technical solution, the anti-icing tube 2 has an anti-icing ring cavity 234 with an open end. The open side of the anti-icing ring cavity 234 is sealed to the outer wall surface of the connecting cover plate 131, thereby ensuring that the hot air flow can directly form contact heat exchange with the connecting cover plate 131, thereby further improving the anti-icing effect.

[0050] Continue to see Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the axial length of the inner cylinder wall 232 is smaller than the axial length of the outer cylinder wall 231 , and the mating position of the inner cylinder wall 232 and the outer wall surface of the outlet cylinder 132 is located on the side of the first projection circle away from the turbine 12 .

[0051] In this technical solution, the axial length of the outer cylinder wall 231 is greater than the axial length of the inner cylinder wall 232, and the matching position of the inner cylinder wall 232 and the outer wall surface of the outlet cylinder 132 is on the side of the first projection circle away from the turbine 12, so that the hot air flow in the aforementioned anti-icing ring cavity 234 can directly contact the outer wall surface of the outlet cylinder 132 as much as possible for heat exchange, which can further enhance the anti-icing effect of the hot air flow and prevent the problem of reduced heat exchange efficiency due to the double-layer wall arranged on the radial outer side of the outlet cylinder 132.

[0052] In some embodiments, the inner cylinder wall 232 is interference-fitted with the outer wall of the outlet sleeve 132, thereby simplifying the assembly of the inner cylinder wall 232 and the outlet sleeve 132. In a specific embodiment, an assembly annular groove (not labeled in the figure) is provided on the outer periphery of the free end of the outlet sleeve 132, and the free end of the inner cylinder wall 232 is interference-fitted into the assembly annular groove.

[0053] See Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the anti-icing ring cavity 234 has a width d, which is 4 mm ≤ d ≤ 8 mm, with d = 6 mm being the preferred embodiment. If the thickness d is too large, heat will be concentrated in the center of the anti-icing ring cavity 234, preventing sufficient heat exchange and resulting in poor heat transfer. If the thickness d is too small, the anti-icing ring cavity 234 will have excessive flow resistance and low flow rate. Although sufficient heat exchange can be achieved, the amount of heat transferred will be insufficient.

[0054] In some embodiments, a temperature control shell 3 is mounted on the radial outer side of the anti-icing cylinder 2, and the temperature control shell 3 is used to introduce an airflow of a target temperature and mix it with the low-temperature airflow sent out by the air outlet cylinder 132 for temperature adjustment. A first flow hole 31 that is sealed and docked with the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 and / or a second flow hole 32 that is sealed and docked with the air flow return pipe 22 is formed on the temperature control shell 3.

[0055] In this technical solution, the temperature control shell 3 is set up to mix and temperature-regulate the low-temperature air at the turbine outlet. It should be noted that the purpose of the target temperature airflow introduced by the temperature control shell 3 is to mix and temperature-regulate the low-temperature air output from the turbine outlet. Generally speaking, it is not used for anti-icing of the inner side of the air outlet tube 132. Of course, in special circumstances, such as when the aforementioned anti-icing tube 2 of the present application cannot be normally anti-iced due to adverse reasons such as failure, its operation can also alleviate the occurrence of ice blockage to a certain extent. By forming a first flow hole 31 and a second flow hole 32 on the temperature control shell 3, which are respectively sealed and docked with the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 and the air flow return pipe 22, the hot air flow and the air flow after heat exchange can be introduced and returned through the temperature control shell 3, and the structure is simple.

[0056] See Figure 2 As shown, the anti-icing tube 2 has a free end protruding from the aforementioned outlet tube 132 ( Figure 2The left end face of the orientation shown) is formed between the anti-icing cylinder 2 and the temperature control shell 3, thereby forming an annular buffer cavity (not marked in the figure) with a certain length along the axial direction. The temperature control airflow inlet 34 on the temperature control shell 3 is on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity. At this time, the temperature control airflow introduced by the temperature control airflow inlet 34 will impact the outer wall surface of the anti-icing cylinder 2 along the radial direction of the anti-icing cylinder 2, and then mix with the air outlet at the left end of the anti-icing cylinder 2 through the buffer cavity outlet at the left end, preventing the temperature control airflow from directly mixing with the outlet airflow of the air outlet cylinder 132 (that is, the turbine outlet) along the radial direction to cause disturbance to the turbine outlet, thereby affecting the smooth operation of the turbine.

[0057] In another preferred embodiment, a static pressure taking port 35 is also formed on the temperature control shell 3, and the static pressure taking port 35 is located on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity. The aforementioned anti-icing cylinder 2 can separate the rotating airflow output by the turbine to a certain extent, thereby ensuring that the airflow at the static pressure taking port 35 is relatively smooth, which is conducive to improving the static pressure measurement accuracy.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the outlet of the first flow hole 31 is connected to the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 by high-temperature resistant glue, and / or the second flow hole 32 is connected to the air flow return pipe 22 by high-temperature resistant glue, thereby simplifying the assembly of the anti-icing tube 2 in the temperature control shell 3 and ensuring reliable sealing between the first flow hole 31 and the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 and reliable sealing between the second flow hole 32 and the air flow return pipe 22.

[0059] In some embodiments, a drainage hole 33 is further formed on the temperature control housing 3 . The drainage hole 33 is formed in the lower area of ​​the temperature control housing 3 so that the formed water can be discharged from the temperature control housing 3 in time.

[0060] In some embodiments, the air cycle machine further includes a compression mechanism 4, which includes a compression volute 41 having a corresponding impeller cover (not labeled in the figure) and a compression impeller (not shown in the figure) matched with the impeller cover. The compression volute 41 is formed with a compression outlet 411 communicating with the expansion air inlet 111 of the expansion volute 11 and an anti-icing outlet 412 communicating with the hot air flow inlet pipe 21. For details, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hot air flow inlet pipe 21 is connected to the anti-icing outlet 412 via the first flow hole 31 and the air bleed connecting pipe 5 in sequence. The anti-icing outlet 412 can be specifically formed on the aforementioned compressed air outlet 411, that is, in this application, part of the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow output by the compression mechanism 4 is introduced into the anti-icing annular cavity 234, and there is no need to separately configure a corresponding heat source device for the hot air flow of the anti-icing annular cavity 234, thereby optimizing the structural design and reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0061] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that, under the premise of no conflict, the advantageous technical features of the above-mentioned methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and variations without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such improvements and variations shall also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air cycle machine, comprising an air expansion mechanism (1), the air expansion mechanism (1) comprising an expansion volute (11) and a turbine (12) located in the expansion volute (11), a wheel cover (13) being sheathed around the outer periphery of the turbine (12), the wheel cover (13) comprising a connecting cover plate (131) and an air outlet tube (132) located on the outer end surface of the connecting cover plate (131), the wheel cover (13) being connected to the expansion volute (11) via the connecting cover plate (131), and characterized in that: The air cycle machine further comprises an anti-icing tube (2), the anti-icing tube (2) being mounted on the radially outer side of the air outlet tube (132), the anti-icing tube (2) having a hot air flow introduction pipe (21), the radial projection of the outlet end face of the turbine (12) on the air outlet tube (132) being a first projection circle, the hot air flow straightly delivered by the hot air flow introduction pipe (21) covering at least a part of the first projection circle; the anti-icing tube (2) further comprises an air flow return pipe (22), the air flow return pipe (22) The tube (22) is connected to the expansion air inlet (111) of the expansion volute (11); the radial outer side of the anti-icing cylinder (2) is provided with a temperature control shell (3), and the temperature control shell (3) is used to introduce an airflow of target temperature and mix it with the low-temperature airflow sent out by the air outlet cylinder (132) to adjust the temperature. The temperature control shell (3) is formed with a first flow hole (31) sealed with the hot air flow introduction pipe (21) and / or a second flow hole (32) sealed with the airflow return pipe (22).

2. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: The central axis of the air outlet cylinder (132) and the central axis of the hot air flow introduction pipe (21) form a first plane. When the air expansion mechanism (1) is projected onto the first plane, the direction of the hot air flow sent out in a straight line by the hot air flow introduction pipe (21) forms an acute angle with the direction of the air flow sent out by the air outlet cylinder (132).

3. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: The anti-icing tube (2) includes an outer tube wall (231) and an inner tube wall (232), the outer tube wall (231) is sleeved on the radially outer side of the inner tube wall (232), and a sealing ring (233) is provided between the ends of the outer tube wall (231) and the inner tube wall (232) away from the wheel cover (13) to form an anti-icing ring cavity (234) with an opening toward one side of the wheel cover (13), the free end surface of the outer tube wall (231) is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the connecting cover plate (131), the inner tube wall (232) is sealedly connected to the outer wall surface of the air outlet tube (132), the hot air flow inlet pipe (21) and the air flow return pipe (22) are both formed on the outer tube wall (231) and communicated with the anti-icing ring cavity (234); and / or, The airflow return pipe (22) and the hot airflow introduction pipe (21) are respectively located on opposite sides of the air outlet tube (132).

4. The air cycle machine according to claim 3, wherein: The axial length of the inner cylinder wall (232) is smaller than the axial length of the outer cylinder wall (231), and the matching position of the inner cylinder wall (232) and the outer wall surface of the outlet cylinder (132) is located on the side of the first projection circle away from the turbine (12); and / or, The inner cylinder wall (232) and the outer wall surface of the air outlet cylinder (132) are interference-fitted.

5. The air cycle machine according to claim 4, wherein: The anti-icing ring cavity (234) has a ring width d, 4mm≤d≤8mm.

6. The air cycle machine according to claim 5, wherein: d=6mm.

7. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: A drainage hole (33) is further formed on the temperature control housing (3), and the drainage hole (33) is formed in the lower area of ​​the temperature control housing (3); and / or, The outlet of the first flow hole (31) is connected to the hot air flow introduction pipe (21) via a high-temperature resistant adhesive, and / or the second flow hole (32) is connected to the air flow return pipe (22) via a high-temperature resistant adhesive; An annular buffer cavity is formed between the anti-icing cylinder (2) and the temperature control shell (3), and the temperature control air flow inlet (34) on the temperature control shell (3) is located on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity, and / or a static pressure port (35) is further formed on the temperature control shell (3), and the static pressure port (35) is located on the wall corresponding to the buffer cavity.

8. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: The invention also includes an air compression mechanism (4), wherein the air compression mechanism (4) includes an air compression volute (41), and the air compression volute (41) is formed with an air compression outlet (411) connected to the expansion air inlet (111) of the expansion volute (11) and an anti-icing outlet (412) connected to the hot air flow inlet pipe (21).

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