A fixed ballast mounting method applied to a narrow cabin

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of ship ballast technology, and discloses a fixed ballast mounting method applied to narrow cabins, which comprises the following steps: a ship cross section drawing is made, the laying quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots is calculated, the ship bottom plate is padded with cement, and the padding facilitates the placement of the concrete blocks. The ship cross section drawing can better facilitate the workers to calculate the required quantity of concrete and steel ingots, facilitate the workers to purchase the concrete, prevent the concrete from being excessively purchased and causing waste, improve the use cost, the ship bottom plate is padded with cement, which facilitates the workers to subsequently place the concrete blocks and the steel ingots, prevents the ship bottom plate area from being uneven, causes the placed concrete blocks and the steel ingots to collapse, and causes certain safety hazards, the cavity is divided into n small areas according to the structure and is numbered, which can better facilitate the work of the workers, the arrangement of the ballast blocks is more orderly, and some areas are prevented from being too small in the reserved positions, so that the ballast blocks are difficult to be placed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship ballast, and in particular to a fixed ballast installation method applied to a narrow cabin. Background Art

[0002] During the ship modification process, due to changes in the hull structure and the reduction in the designed load, even when the original ballast water tank is fully loaded, the ship will have a draft that is too shallow or a displacement that is too small, resulting in an undesirable floating state with a high center of gravity, resulting in insufficient ship stability and affecting the safety of the ship. At this time, fixed ballast is needed to increase the deadweight, increase the draft and displacement, lower the center of gravity of the ship, adjust the roll and pitch, and improve the stability of the ship.

[0003] Fixed ballast is generally welded steel ingots or poured concrete on the bottom plate of the cargo hold, as well as concrete filled in the original ballast tank. Generally, a large number of horizontal and vertical structures are designed on the bottom of the ship to ensure the strength of the ship. If it is filled, the fixed ballast needs to have very good fluidity. However, semi-fluid concrete is not convenient for pouring, and opening process holes in the outer plate is not worth the cost. In this case, a small ballast block filling construction method is selected for installation. The cabin space is limited and the required ballast block is heavy, so a higher density per unit volume is required, some reaching more than 6.5t / m3. Simple concrete can no longer meet its density requirements. Therefore, a fixed ballast installation method for small cabins is proposed to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a fixed ballast installation method for use in a small cabin, which has the advantages of arranging solid ballast in a small cabin and reducing inventory costs, thereby achieving cost reduction and profit. It solves the problem that when a construction method of filling with small ballast blocks is selected, the cabin space is limited, the required ballast blocks are heavy, and a high density per unit volume is required, some reaching more than 6.5t / m3, and simple concrete can no longer meet its density requirements.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for installing a fixed ballast in a narrow cabin, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Prepare a cross-section diagram of the ship and calculate the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid.

[0009] 2) Pad the bottom plate with cement to make it level for placing concrete blocks.

[0010] 3) Divide the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and number them.

[0011] 4) Use a mixed filling method, that is, the "dumpling-making" fixed ballast filling method to fill the ballast water cavity with concrete blocks and steel ingots.

[0012] 5) Summarize and organize the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area.

[0013] Preferably, in making the cross-sectional view of the ship, a contour view is first made according to the size of the modified ship and the ballast water cavity therein, and then the ballast water cavity inside the contour view is divided into a number of small blocks of the same size, and the small blocks are filled with concrete blocks and steel ingots, and the arrangement of the steel ingots and concrete blocks is "dumpling-shaped" mixed filling, that is, the steel ingots and concrete are placed in a certain quantity ratio.

[0014] Preferably, the calculation of the laying quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots can be performed by obtaining the relationship between the laying quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots through a plan view, and then the mass of the required concrete blocks can be calculated based on the relationship between the laying quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots and the density of the concrete used, and then the used quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots can be calculated based on the total volume of the ballast water chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom plate is leveled with cement to facilitate the placement of concrete blocks. The bottom plate is a non-straight structure with a certain arc slope towards both sides. Before laying solid ballast, cement needs to be poured on the bottom of the area between two adjacent hull components to level it.

[0016] Preferably, the cabin is divided into n small areas according to the structure and numbered. The ballast blocks are laid from the inside out, in a backward manner, and in a trapezoidal arrangement. The staff will not enter this area after laying each level. Therefore, the construction personnel are required to carry out the laying operation from far to near with the cabin manhole as the center, thereby dividing the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and numbering them. This number is also the filling order of the small areas. The exit direction of the personnel is indicated by an arrow, and the small area with the manhole is the last area to be filled with solid ballast.

[0017] Preferably, the "dumpling-shaped" fixed ballast filling method is used to fill concrete blocks and steel ingots, and the steel ingots and concrete are constructed in a certain quantity ratio and arrangement. The solid ballast is arranged in the cabin like "dumplings", and concrete blocks are laid in the area in contact with the hull structure. The steel ingots are placed in a trapezoidal shape in the internal area. The steel ingots are spliced ​​from scrap steel plates of various wall thicknesses, and the concrete blocks and steel ingots are the same size.

[0018] Preferably, the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area is summarized and sorted. Before construction in the symmetrical area, the same number of steel ingots and concrete blocks are placed on both sides. After the area is completed, the filling quantity is recorded according to the remaining quantity. Then, the material utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the designed material quantity with the actual material quantity, the center offset can be obtained by comparing the weight on both sides of the same area, the deviation can be obtained by comparing the required total amount with the actual total amount, the material ratio can be obtained by comparing the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks, and the space utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the total material volume with the warehouse capacity.

[0019] (3) Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for installing fixed ballast in a narrow cabin, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This fixed ballast installation method for a narrow cabin can make it easier for workers to calculate the required amount of concrete and steel ingots by making a cross-sectional diagram of the ship, making it easier for workers to purchase concrete and preventing excessive concrete purchases, which would cause waste and increase the cost of use. The bottom plate of the ship is leveled with cement to facilitate the subsequent placement of concrete blocks and steel ingots by workers, and to prevent the uneven bottom plate area from causing the placed concrete blocks and steel ingots to collapse, posing a certain safety hazard. Dividing the chamber into n small areas according to the structure and numbering them can better facilitate the work of workers, make the arrangement of ballast blocks more orderly, and prevent some areas from having too small reserved space and being difficult to place ballast blocks. Arrow markings can facilitate workers to observe the laying direction and prevent them from shifting during the laying process, which would affect the subsequent laying of ballast blocks.

[0022] 2. This fixed ballast installation method, which is applied to narrow cabins, uses a "dumpling-shaped" fixed ballast filling method to lay concrete blocks in the area in contact with the hull structure to eliminate impact damage to the hull structure, and lays steel ingots in the non-contact area, thereby increasing the average density of the fixed ballast, reducing the use of concrete, and greatly reducing the cost of using ballast blocks. During the implementation process, the deposited inventory of waste plates can be fully utilized to make steel ingots, which indirectly reduces inventory costs and achieves the effect of cost reduction and profit. At the same time, the steel ingots can be reused, which greatly reduces the cost of use. The total weight and the error on both sides can be calculated by summarizing the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area, so that the filling amount of this area can be changed by adjusting the filling ratio of steel ingots and concrete blocks, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the total weight and heel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the fixed ballast installation method applied to a narrow cabin according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] A method for installing a fixed ballast in a narrow cabin comprises the following steps:

[0026] 1) Prepare a cross-section diagram of the ship and calculate the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid.

[0027] 2) Pad the bottom plate with cement to make it level for placing concrete blocks.

[0028] 3) Divide the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and number them.

[0029] 4) Use a mixed filling method, that is, the "dumpling-making" fixed ballast filling method to fill the ballast water cavity with concrete blocks and steel ingots.

[0030] 5) Summarize and organize the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] A modified ship with a required fixed ballast capacity of about 1240t in the two ballast water tanks and all the original ballast water pipes inside was removed and the total volume of the ballast water tanks was 295.7m3 was selected.

[0033] To make a cross-sectional view of the ship, first make an outline drawing based on the size of the modified ship and its internal ballast water cavity, then divide the ballast water cavity inside the outline drawing into several small blocks of the same size. The small blocks are filled with concrete blocks and steel ingots. The arrangement of steel ingots and concrete blocks is a "dumpling-shaped" mixed filling, that is, the steel ingots and concrete are placed in a certain quantity ratio. The number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid is calculated. The relationship between the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid can be obtained from the plan view. According to the plan view design and estimation, the number of concrete blocks to be laid is about 1.5 times that of steel ingots. Then, based on the relationship between the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid and the density of the concrete used, the mass of the required concrete blocks can be calculated, and then the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be used can be calculated based on the total volume of the ballast water cavity, so as to match the density of the steel ingots of 7.85t / m 3 The average density can be controlled at 6.3t / m 3 .

[0034]

[0035] m his the required concrete mass;

[0036] v is the total volume of the ballast water chamber;

[0037] ρ g is the density of the required steel ingot;

[0038] ρ h is the required concrete density;

[0039] t is the ratio coefficient of required steel ingot and concrete.

[0040] The bottom plate of the ship is leveled with cement to facilitate the placement of concrete blocks. The bottom plate of the ship is a non-straight structure with a certain arc slope towards both sides. Before laying the solid ballast, the bottom of the area between the two adjacent hull components needs to be leveled by pouring cement. Since the ballast tanks are symmetrically arranged on both sides, fixed ballast systems are designed. The loading process of the solid ballast will affect the balanced buoyancy of the ship. During underwater lifting construction, in order to avoid the risk of excessive heeling and tilting due to the excessive weight of the solid ballast on one side causing the center of gravity of the ship to shift, the solid ballast filling construction progress on both sides needs to be carried out simultaneously, and the construction and completion should be completed at the same time. After filling the same number of areas, the filling construction of the next area will be carried out at the same time. In order to facilitate the later statistics of the amount of solid ballast filled, the same number of steel ingots and concrete blocks are placed on both sides before the construction of the symmetrical area. The filling amount is recorded according to the remaining amount after the completion of this area. In addition to being used for calculating the total weight, it is also used for the later calculation of the weight error on both sides as part of the tilt test data. Before filling the ballast blocks in the manhole cover area, the total weight and the error on both sides are calculated based on the amount of material filled. The filling amount of this area can be changed by adjusting the filling ratio of steel ingots and concrete blocks, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the total weight and heel.

[0041] The cabin is divided into n small areas according to the structure and numbered. The ballast blocks are laid from the inside out, backward and in a trapezoidal shape. The staff will not enter this area after laying each level. Therefore, the construction personnel are required to carry out the laying operation from far to near with the cabin manhole as the center, so as to divide the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and number them. The serial number is also the filling order of the small areas. The direction of personnel exit is marked by an arrow, and the small area with the manhole is the last area to be filled with solid ballast.

[0042] The "dumpling-shaped" fixed ballast filling method is to fill concrete blocks and steel ingots. The steel ingots and concrete are constructed in a certain quantity ratio and arrangement. The solid ballast is arranged in the cabin like "dumplings". Concrete blocks are laid in the area in contact with the hull structure. The steel ingots are placed in a trapezoidal shape in the internal area. The steel ingots are spliced ​​from scrap steel plates of various wall thicknesses. The concrete blocks and steel ingots are the same size. In order to facilitate the handling of construction workers, the two solid ballasts are unified in specifications. The steel ingots and concrete are designed to be 150mm*150mm*150mm blocks. A single steel ingot is spliced ​​from the company's inventory of scrap steel plates of various wall thicknesses. The solid ballast is arranged in the cabin like "dumplings". Concrete blocks are laid in the area in contact with the hull structure to eliminate impact damage to the hull structure, and steel ingots are laid in the non-contact area, thereby increasing the average density of the fixed ballast. The maximum density of concrete ballast blocks on the market can reach 5.1t / m 3 , concrete alone cannot meet the weight requirement. A mixed filling method is used to facilitate the use of workers.

[0043] The number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area is summarized and sorted. Before construction in the symmetrical area, the same number of steel ingots and concrete blocks are placed on both sides. After the area is completed, the filling quantity is recorded based on the remaining quantity. Then, the material utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the designed quantity with the actual quantity. The center offset can be obtained by comparing the weight on both sides of the same area. The deviation can be obtained by comparing the required total amount with the actual total amount. The material ratio can be obtained by comparing the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks. The space utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the total material volume with the warehouse capacity. The statistical table is shown in the figure below.

[0044]

[0045] In summary, the ship ballasting method based on environmental monitoring first makes an outline map according to the size of the modified ship and its internal ballast water cavity, then divides the ballast water cavity inside the outline map into several small blocks of the same size, and the small blocks are filled with concrete blocks and steel ingots. Then, the mass of the required concrete blocks can be calculated according to the relationship between the laying quantity of concrete blocks and steel ingots and the density of the concrete used. Then, the bottom plate of the ship is leveled with cement to level it for the convenience of placing concrete blocks. Then, the cabin is divided into n small areas according to the structure and numbered. The direction of personnel exit is marked by an arrow, and the small area with a manhole is filled with solid ballast as the last area. Then, the steel ingots and concrete are constructed in a certain quantity ratio and arrangement, and the solid ballast is arranged in the cabin like "making dumplings". Concrete blocks are laid in the area in contact with the hull structure, and steel ingots are placed in the internal area in a trapezoidal shape. Finally, the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area is summarized and sorted.

[0046] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for installing fixed ballast in a narrow cabin, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Prepare a cross-section of the ship and calculate the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid; 2) Use cement to level the bottom plate of the ship to facilitate the placement of concrete blocks; 3) Divide the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and number them; 4) Using a mixed filling method, i.e. the "dumpling-shaped" fixed ballast filling method, to fill the ballast water cavity with concrete blocks and steel ingots; 5) Summarize and organize the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area; The bottom plate of the ship is leveled with cement to facilitate the placement of concrete blocks. The bottom plate of the ship is a non-straight structure with a certain arc slope towards both sides. Before laying solid ballast, the bottom of the area between two adjacent hull components needs to be leveled by pouring cement; The cabin is divided into n small areas according to the structure and numbered. The ballast blocks are laid from the inside out, in a backward manner, and in a trapezoidal arrangement. Workers will no longer enter an area after laying it. Therefore, construction workers are required to carry out laying operations from far to near with the cabin manhole as the center, thereby dividing the cabin into n small areas according to the structure and numbering them. The number is also the filling order of the small areas. The direction of personnel exit is indicated by an arrow, and the small area with the manhole is the last area to be filled with solid ballast.

2. A method for installing fixed ballast in a narrow cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: To produce the cross-sectional view of the ship, a contour drawing is first produced based on the size of the modified ship and its internal ballast water cavity. The ballast water cavity within the contour drawing is then divided into a number of small squares of equal size. The small squares are filled with concrete blocks and steel ingots. The steel ingots and concrete blocks are arranged in a "dumpling-like" mixed filling manner, that is, the steel ingots and concrete are placed in a certain quantity ratio.

3. A method for installing fixed ballast in a narrow cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid can be performed by obtaining the relationship between the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid through the plan view, and then the mass of the concrete blocks to be produced can be calculated based on the relationship between the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be laid and the density of the concrete used, thereby further calculating the number of concrete blocks and steel ingots to be used based on the total volume of the ballast water chamber.

4. A method for installing fixed ballast in a narrow cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "dumpling-shaped" fixed ballast filling method is to fill concrete blocks and steel ingots, and construct the steel ingots and concrete in a certain quantity ratio and arrangement. The solid ballast is arranged in the cabin like "dumplings", and concrete blocks are laid in the area in contact with the hull structure. The steel ingots are placed in the inner area in a trapezoidal shape. The steel ingots are spliced ​​from scrap steel plates of various wall thicknesses. The concrete blocks and steel ingots are the same size.

5. The method for installing a fixed ballast in a narrow cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of steel ingots and concrete blocks counted in each small area is summarized and sorted. Before construction in the symmetrical area, the same number of steel ingots and concrete blocks are placed on both sides. After the construction of this area is completed, the filling quantity is recorded according to the remaining quantity. Then, the material utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the designed material quantity with the actual material quantity, the center offset can be obtained by comparing the weight on both sides of the same area, the deviation can be obtained by comparing the required total amount with the actual total amount, the material ratio can be obtained by comparing the number of steel ingots and concrete blocks, and the space utilization rate can be obtained by comparing the total material volume with the warehouse capacity.

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