Ship model collision test side replacement device and test method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a side replacement device for a ship model collision test, comprising a collision test ship model, a side fixing structure, a replaceable structure and an assembly fixture; one or more side openings are provided on the collision test ship model; the side fixing member of the side fixing structure is installed in the side opening, and the outer plate of the side fixing member is provided with an opening; the three-dimensional curved panel is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer plate of the side fixing member and can completely fit the curved surface shape of the ship model at the side opening; the replaceable structure is used to replace the structure at the side opening, and its structural form meets the rigidity requirement of the ship model after scaled down; the assembly fixture comprises an assembly box and a fastening structure; the outer plate of the assembly box is provided with an opening, and the replaceable structure is tightly attached to the inner side of the outer plate of the assembly box and is connected by the fastening structure. The side replacement device adopted by the present invention improves the working efficiency of the ship model collision test by vertically nesting the assembly box with the replaceable structure, and then vertically nesting the side fixing member with the assembly box, thereby saving the test expenses and consumables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship model collision testing, in particular to an installation and replacement device for the side of a test ship model. Background Art

[0002] At present, conducting small-scale ship model collision tests under fully coupled conditions in a water tank is the most direct and reliable means to study the collision characteristics of ships. It can realize the coupling of hull structure deformation and damage with ship motion under laboratory conditions, and can study the influence of parameters such as the impacting ship speed, impact angle, and impact position on the collision test results. It can obtain test results such as the motion characteristics of the impacted ship and the impacting ship under different collision parameters during the collision test, collision force, final impact depth, and structural energy conversion form of the impacted ship model, thereby providing reliable verification data for theoretical and numerical research on actual ship collisions, and providing valuable reference opinions on actual ship collisions.

[0003] Currently, the ship models used in traditional ship model collision tests are either integral steel or integral wood. If the entire ship is used for collision testing, the impacted ship must be remanufactured after just one collision test, significantly reducing the efficiency of ship model collision testing and increasing the economic cost of collision testing. Therefore, a method is often adopted to enable rapid and repeatable collision testing by replacing the impacted side region. Ship models made of different materials are based on the π theorem, a similarity criterion that comprehensively considers hull geometry similarity, Froude number similarity, and stiffness similarity. The principal dimensions and material parameters of the model ship are derived through principal scale similarity conversion and structural material similarity conversion. If the material of the scaled model remains unchanged, the material properties of the scaled model are too strong, which can easily lead to significant differences in the structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics between the real ship and the model ship. When a single-structure scaled model cannot fully meet the similarity ratio, a non-single structural form, such as a reinforced structure, can be used as an interchangeable structure in the impacted side region. By adjusting the material properties of the faceplate and web, the structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics of a real ship collision can be realistically simulated. However, there are great difficulties in designing tooling to replace a single three-dimensional complex side surface with any complex structural form (thin plates, thick plates, stiffened plates, plate frames, composite laminates, etc.).

[0004] In summary, the common problems in ship model collision are:

[0005] (1) The collision test using the whole ship model has problems such as long collision cycle and high economic cost.

[0006] (2) The single ship model structure obtained by considering the similarity criterion is difficult to match the actual ship in terms of structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics.

[0007] (3) The side structure replacement method has difficulties such as the three-dimensional complexity of the hull side surface and the difficulty in ensuring the watertightness of the ship model.

[0008] (4) The tooling design required to replace a single side structure with a replaceable structure that can be used for multiple structural forms at the same time (such as a replaceable structure that can be used for thin plates, thick plates, stiffened plates, plate frames, composite laminates, etc.) is complex. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a ship model collision test side replacement device in response to the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing ship model collision test technology. The side replacement device adopts a method of vertically nesting an assembly box with a replaceable structure, and then vertically nesting the side fixing parts by the assembly box, thereby improving the work efficiency of the ship model collision test, saving test funds and consumables, increasing the ability to adapt to complex collision conditions, and making the ship model collision test more efficient.

[0010] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0011] A ship model collision test side replacement device comprises a collision test ship model, a side fixing structure, a replaceable structure and an assembly fixture; the collision test ship model is provided with one or more side openings, and the side openings can be located at any position of the bow, midship and stern; the front, rear, inner and bottom four surfaces of the side opening are surrounded by wall panels; the side fixing structure comprises a side fixing member and a three-dimensional curved panel, the side fixing member is installed in the side opening, and the front, rear, inner and bottom four back panels of the side fixing member can be installed in close contact with the four wall panels of the side opening, and the outer panel of the side fixing member is provided with an opening; the three-dimensional curved panel is fixed to the outer side of the side fixing member The front and rear sides of the plate, and the three-dimensional curved plate can completely fit the curved surface shape of the ship model at the side opening; the replaceable structure is used to replace the structure at the side opening, and its structural form meets the stiffness requirements of the scaled ship model; the assembly fixture includes an assembly box and a fastening structure; the outer plate of the assembly box is provided with an opening, and the replaceable structure is close to the inner side of the outer plate of the assembly box and is connected through the fastening structure to achieve rigid fixed boundary conditions on all sides; the shape of the assembly box is adapted to the side fixing piece so that it can fit the side fixing piece and be vertically installed inside the side fixing piece, and the outer plate of the assembly box is close to the inner side of the outer plate of the side fixing piece and is connected through the fastening structure.

[0012] In the above scheme, the structural forms of the replaceable structure include plates, stiffened plates, plate frames, and composite laminates, and the stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model are met by changing the panel thickness and material properties.

[0013] In the above scheme, the replaceable structure is a stiffened plate, including an outer panel and a web and transverse bulkhead plate welded to the outer panel; the design is carried out by adjusting the thickness and material properties of the outer panel and the web to meet the structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics requirements of the scaled-down ship model collision test.

[0014] In the above solution, the assembly fixture also includes a C-shaped pad, which is tightly attached to the inner side of the outer panel of the replaceable structure. The outer panel of the assembly box, the outer panel of the replaceable structure and the C-shaped pad are connected in sequence through the fastening structure.

[0015] In the above scheme, the fastening structure includes a screw, a steel gasket, a rubber gasket and a nut; when installing the replaceable structure, the screw passes through the steel gasket, the rubber gasket, the outer plate of the assembly box, the outer panel of the replaceable structure, the C-shaped gasket in sequence, and finally the nut is tightened; when installing the assembly box, the screw passes through the steel gasket, the rubber gasket, the side fixing part, the assembly box in sequence, and finally the nut is tightened.

[0016] In the above scheme, the outer plate of the side fixing member is an open plane whose maximum dimension fits the three-dimensional curved surface of the side. The geometric shape of the outer plate of the side fixing member is obtained by the method of approximating the curved surface with a flat plate, and then processed and manufactured; the outer plate of the assembly box is also an open plane whose maximum dimension fits the three-dimensional curved surface of the side. The geometric shape of the outer plate of the assembly box is obtained by the method of approximating the curved surface with a flat plate, and then processed and manufactured.

[0017] In the above solution, after the replaceable structure is connected to the assembly box through the fastening structure, it is further sealed using waterproof glue.

[0018] In the above solution, after the assembly box is connected to the side fixing piece through the fastening structure, it is further sealed with waterproof glue.

[0019] In the above solution, the three-dimensional curved panel is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer plate of the side fixing member by welding.

[0020] Accordingly, the present invention also proposes a ship model collision test method, which is performed using the ship model collision test side replacement device, and includes the following steps:

[0021] Side openings: one or more side openings are opened on the collision test ship model according to test requirements;

[0022] Fabrication and installation of side fixing structures: Based on the three-dimensional curved surface characteristics of the side openings at various locations, side fixing components are manufactured to fit the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the side openings to the greatest extent possible. Panels that can fully fit the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the side openings are then welded to the front and rear outer plates of the side fixing components. The fabricated side fixing structures are then installed into the corresponding side openings of the collision test ship model.

[0023] Fabrication of the replaceable structure and assembly box: Based on the structural stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model test, the structural form and material properties of the replaceable structure are selected, and the appropriate dimensions and thicknesses of the faceplate and web are designed. The replaceable structure is then fabricated. Once fabricated, the replaceable structure is fixedly installed in the assembly box and waterproofed and sealed after installation to ensure the watertightness of the replaceable structure. Multiple replaceable structures and assembly boxes are fabricated simultaneously and installed for future use.

[0024] Multiple repeatable ship model collision tests are carried out in the side replacement area: the assembly box with the replaceable structure is installed in the side fixture through the fastening structure, and waterproof sealing treatment is performed after installation; then the initial ship model collision test is carried out; after the initial ship model collision test is completed, the assembly box is quickly replaced and installed, and the next ship model collision test is carried out again.

[0025] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The replaceable structure in the present invention can be of any structural form, such as thin plates, thick plates, reinforced plates, plate frames, composite laminates, etc., which can solve the problem of mismatch between the structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics of the material after the scaled model due to the scale effect. Taking the reinforced plate as an example: by changing the thickness and material properties of the outer panel and web, the equivalent replacement of the side of a single steel structural material in the scaled model can be achieved. The ship model collision test side replacement device in the present invention can realize the replacement and installation of replaceable structures of any structural form and any size.

[0027] 2. This invention solves the problems of long collision cycles and high costs associated with collision tests using full ship models: Using the sideboard replacement device of the present invention, multiple replaceable structures can be manufactured and installed in an assembly box before the ship model collision test begins. At the start of the test, the assembly box is installed in the sideboard fixture and tested. After the collision test is completed, the assembly box is quickly replaced. This significantly reduces the time and cost of multiple ship model collision tests.

[0028] 3. The side replacement device in the present invention can simulate the three-dimensional complex curved surface of the real side to the maximum extent: after determining the impact area of ​​the ship model collision test, the geometric shape of the outer plate of the side fixing part is obtained by the method of flat plate approximation to the curved surface, and it is processed and manufactured. Finally, the side opening area of ​​the collision test ship model is shaped to obtain its three-dimensional curved surface shape, and a three-dimensional curved panel is made and welded to the outside of the side fixing part to fit the actual curved surface of the side. This method is suitable for structural replacement of any side of the bow, midship, and stern, greatly increasing the applicability of the ship model collision test working conditions.

[0029] 4. The side replacement device of the present invention can ensure the watertightness of the ship model collision test: before the collision test begins, the connection between the wall panels of the side opening is sealed with quick-drying waterproof glue to ensure that water will not enter the inner side of the wall panels of the side opening during the ship model collision test. At the same time, the replaceable structure that has been installed in the assembly box is coated with waterproof glue; at the beginning of the collision test, the assembly box installed in the side fixing part is coated with glue again, which greatly ensures the watertightness of the ship model collision test process.

[0030] 5. The side replacement device of the present invention can realize multiple uses of a ship, and collision tests of different parts can be carried out simultaneously. It can also be extended to model tests such as ship grounding and ship slamming. Before the collision test begins, the side replacement device can be installed on multiple side areas of the collision test ship model, such as the bow, midship, and stern, to conduct multiple collision tests of different parts simultaneously. The principle of this device can also be applied to model tests of ship grounding and ship slamming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the side replacement device for ship model collision test of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a collision test ship model;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side fixed structure;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an alternative structure;

[0036] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly fixture;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the fastening structure;

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a replaceable structure installed in an assembly box;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly box installed in the side fixture;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable structure being installed in an assembly box and then integrally installed in a side fixture.

[0041] In the figure: 10, collision test ship model; 11, side opening; 12, wall panel;

[0042] 20. Side fixing structure; 21. Side fixing parts; 22. Three-dimensional curved panel;

[0043] 30. Replaceable structure; 31. Outer panel; 32. Web plate; 33. Transverse bulkhead plating;

[0044] 40. Assembly fixture; 41. Assembly box; 42. Fastening structure; 421. Screw; 422. Steel gasket; 423. Rubber gasket; 424. Nut; 43. C-type pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of the present invention are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed at will, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

[0047] In the present invention, it should also be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" and the like are used to indicate positions or locations based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present application and to simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive and distinguishing purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, a side replacement device for a ship model collision test is provided in one embodiment of the present invention, comprising a collision test ship model 10, a side fixed structure 20, a replaceable structure 30 and an assembly fixture 40.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, the collision test ship model 10 is a wooden ship with one or more side openings 11 on the side. The front, rear, inner and bottom surfaces of the side openings 11 are surrounded by wall panels 12 to ensure the watertightness of the ship model and to resist the impact force of the ship model collision, so as to ensure that the collision test can be repeated. The position of the side openings 11 is universal, and the opening tooling can be replaced at any part of the side of the ship model, which is conducive to adapting to collision tests under various working conditions such as bow, midship and stern. The replaced side part of the collision test ship model 10 is composed of a replaceable structure 30 to meet the stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the side fixing structure 20 includes a side fixing part 21 and a three-dimensional curved panel 22. The side fixing part 21 is installed in the side opening 11. The front, rear, inner and bottom four back panels of the side fixing part 21 can be installed tightly in accordance with the four wall panels 12 of the side opening 11. The outer plate of the side fixing part 21 is provided with an opening as the collision area of ​​the test, and first mounting holes (6 in this embodiment) are provided on both sides of the opening for fixing and installing the assembly fixture 40. The upper part of the side fixing part 21 is completely opened for vertical loading and unloading of the assembly fixture 40. The three-dimensional curved panel 22 is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer plate of the side fixing part 21, and the three-dimensional curved panel 22 can completely fit the curved surface shape of the ship model at the side opening 11.

[0051] The replaceable structure 30 is used to replace the structure at the side opening 11. It can be any structure, such as a plate, a stiffened plate, a plate frame, a composite sandwich plate, etc., by changing the size and material properties of the panel and the web to meet the stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model. Figure 1 and 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the replaceable structure 30 at the side opening amidships is a stiffened plate, comprising an outer panel 31, multiple webs 32 welded to the outer panel 31, and a transverse bulkhead plate 33. The thickness and material properties of the panels and webs 32 can be changed to meet the structural stiffness and energy absorption requirements of the ship model collision test. A transverse bulkhead plate 33 is added in the middle of the replaceable structure 30 to simulate the transverse bulkhead structure of an actual ship. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the replaceable structures 30 at the bow and stern openings are stiffened plates without transverse bulkhead plates 33, and their installation method can refer to the installation method of the replaceable structure 30 at the midship.

[0052] like Figure 5As shown, the assembly fixture 40 includes an assembly box 41 and a plurality of fastening structures 42. The entire replaceable structure 30 is installed in the assembly box 41. Specifically, the outer plate of the assembly box 41 has an opening, and second mounting holes (24 in this embodiment) are provided around the opening for mounting the outer panel 31. The outer panel 31 is closely attached to the inner side of the outer plate of the assembly box 41. The outer panel 31 is provided with fourth mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the second mounting holes. The outer panel 31 and the outer plate of the assembly box 41 are connected by the fastening structures 42, and the transverse bulkhead plate 33 is closely attached to the inner plate of the assembly box 41. The shape of the assembly box 41 is adapted to the side fixing member 21 so that it can fit the side fixing member 21 and be vertically installed inside the side fixing member 21. The outer plate of the assembly box 41 is closely attached to the inner side of the outer plate of the side fixing member 21. The outer plate of the assembly box 41 is provided with third mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the first mounting holes. The outer plate of the assembly box 41 and the outer plate of the side fixing member 21 are connected by the fastening structures 42.

[0053] It should be noted that the front and back in the present invention refer to the direction of ship length, "front" refers to the bow direction, and "rear" refers to the stern direction; the inside and outside in the present invention refer to the ship width direction, "inside" refers to the middle of the ship, and "outside" refers to the outside of the ship.

[0054] Further optimized, the assembly fixture 40 also includes two C-shaped pads 43, which are symmetrically arranged about the transverse bulkhead plate 33 and closely attached to the inner side of the outer panel 31. The C-shaped pads 43 are provided with fifth mounting holes corresponding one-to-one with the second mounting holes and the fourth mounting holes. The outer plate of the assembly box 41, the outer panel 31, and the C-shaped pads 43 are sequentially connected by fastening structures 42. The function of the C-shaped pads 43 is to ensure that the boundary conditions of the surrounding supports of the replaceable structure 30 remain unchanged during the collision of the ship model.

[0055] Further optimization, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fastening structure 42 includes a screw 421, a steel washer 422, a rubber washer 423 and a nut 424. Figure 7 As shown, when installing the replaceable structure 30, the screw 421 passes through the steel washer 422, the rubber washer 423, the outer plate of the assembly box 41, the outer panel 31, the C-shaped pad 43, and finally tightens the nut 424. The circle of fastening structure 42 ensures the rigid support boundary conditions of the replaceable structure 30 on all sides. At the same time, the longer screw 421 ensures that the form of the replaceable structure 30 (panel thickness and web 32 width) can be arbitrary. Figure 8As shown, when installing the assembly box 41, the screw 421 passes through the steel gasket 422, the rubber gasket 423, the side fixing piece 21, the assembly box 41, and finally the nut 424 is tightened. It should be noted that the installation screw 421 of the assembly box 41 can be replaced with a shorter screw 421. The entire set of fastening structure 42 and quick-drying waterproof glue can effectively ensure the watertightness of the replaceable structure 30 installed in the assembly box 41 and the assembly box 41 installed in the side fixing piece 21. Figure 9 As shown, the installation sequence is: first install the replaceable structure 30 in the assembly box 41 , and then install the assembly box 41 with the replaceable structure 30 installed in the side fixing member 21 .

[0056] Further optimization is made, the outer plate of the side fixture 21 is an open plane that fits the three-dimensional curved surface of the side to the maximum extent, so as to replace the complex curved surface of the side of the actual ship model; the outer plate of the assembly box 41 is also an open plane that fits the three-dimensional curved surface of the side to the maximum extent, so as to replace the complex curved surface of the side of the actual ship model. The outer side surfaces of the assembly box 41 and the side fixture 21 both fit the complex curved surface of any side opening 11 of the hull to the maximum extent, ensuring the applicability of the side replacement device under various working conditions and the high precision of the side replacement, and realizing the possibility of carrying out collision tests of multiple parts of the ship model at the same time. The size of the assembly box 41 can just fit the side fixture 21, and it can be installed and removed vertically, ensuring that the assembly box 41 can completely displace the volume of water when it is installed in the side fixture 21.

[0057] As a further optimization, after the replaceable structure 30 is connected to the assembly box 41 via the fastening structure 42, waterproof glue is used for further sealing. Specifically, quick-drying waterproof glue is used to seal the heads of the screws 421, steel gaskets 422, and rubber pads 423 located around the openings on the outer side of the assembly box 41.

[0058] As a further optimization, after the assembly box 41 is connected to the side fixture 21 via the fastening structure 42, it is further sealed with waterproof glue. Quick-drying waterproof glue is used to seal the heads of the screws 421, steel gaskets 422, and rubber pads 423 located in the left and right openings on the outer plate of the side fixture 21.

[0059] Further optimized, the three-dimensional curved panel 22 is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer plate of the side fixing member 21 by welding.

[0060] Accordingly, the present invention also proposes a ship model collision test method, which uses the above-mentioned ship model collision test side replacement device, including the following steps:

[0061] Side openings 11: One or more side openings 11 are opened on the collision test ship model 10 according to the test requirements. The front, rear, inner and bottom surfaces of the side openings 11 are surrounded by wall panels 12. The wall panels 12 are made of wood. Quick-drying waterproof glue is used to seal the joints of the wall panels 12 to ensure that water does not enter the inner side of the wall panels 12 of the side openings 11 during the ship model collision test.

[0062] Fabrication and installation of the side fixing structures 20: Based on the three-dimensional curved surface characteristics of the side openings 11 at various locations, side fixing members 21 are manufactured to fit the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the side openings 11 to the greatest extent possible. Three-dimensional curved panels 22 that can completely fit the side openings 11 are welded to the front and rear outer plates of the side fixing members 21. Each fabricated side fixing structure 20 is then installed into the corresponding side openings 11 of the collision test ship model 10.

[0063] Fabrication of the replaceable structure 30 and assembly box 41: The structural form and material properties of the replaceable structure 30 are selected based on the structural stiffness requirements of the ship model after scaled-down model testing, and appropriate panel and web dimensions are designed. The replaceable structure 30 is then fabricated. After fabrication, the replaceable structure 30 is fixedly installed within the assembly box 41 and waterproofed and sealed after installation to ensure the watertightness of the replaceable structure 30. Multiple replaceable structures 30 and assembly boxes 41 can be fabricated simultaneously and installed for future use.

[0064] Multiple repeatable ship model collision tests are carried out in the side replacement area: the assembly box 41 with the replaceable structure 30 is installed in the side fixing part 21 through the fastening structure 42, and waterproof sealing treatment is performed after installation; then the initial ship model collision test is carried out; after the initial ship model collision test is completed, the assembly box 41 is quickly replaced and installed, and the next ship model collision test is carried out again, which greatly reduces the collision time cycle and test consumables expenses of conducting multiple ship model collision tests.

[0065] It should be pointed out that, according to the needs of implementation, the various steps / components described in this application can be split into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or partial operations of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.

[0066] The size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0067] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all such improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A side replacement device for ship model collision test, characterized in that: Including collision test ship model, side fixed structure, replaceable structure and assembly fixture; The collision test ship model is provided with one or more side openings, which can be located at any position of the bow, midship, or stern; the front, rear, inner, and bottom surfaces of the side openings are surrounded by wall panels; The side fixing structure includes a side fixing member and a three-dimensional curved panel. The side fixing member is installed in the side opening. The front, rear, inner and bottom back panels of the side fixing member can be tightly fitted with the four wall panels of the side opening. The outer panel of the side fixing member is provided with an opening. The three-dimensional curved panel is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer panel of the side fixing member, and the three-dimensional curved panel can completely fit the curved surface shape of the ship model at the side opening. The replaceable structure is used to replace the structure at the side opening, and its structural form meets the rigidity requirements of the scaled-down ship model; The assembly fixture includes an assembly box and a fastening structure; the outer plate of the assembly box is provided with an opening, the replaceable structure is closely attached to the inner side of the outer plate of the assembly box and is connected through the fastening structure, thereby achieving rigid fixed boundary conditions on all sides; the shape of the assembly box is adapted to the side fixing piece so that it can fit the side fixing piece and be vertically installed inside the side fixing piece, and the outer plate of the assembly box is closely attached to the inner side of the outer plate of the side fixing piece and is connected through the fastening structure.

2. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replaceable structure comprises a plate, a stiffened plate, a plate frame, and a composite material laminate, and the stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model are met by changing the thickness and material properties of the panel.

3. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 2, characterized in that: The replaceable structure is a stiffened plate, including an outer panel and a web and transverse bulkhead plate welded to the outer panel; the design is carried out by adjusting the thickness and material properties of the outer panel and the web to meet the structural stiffness and energy absorption characteristics requirements of the scaled-down ship model collision test.

4. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly fixture further comprises a C-shaped pad, which is closely attached to the inner side of the outer panel of the replaceable structure. The outer panel of the assembly box, the outer panel of the replaceable structure and the C-shaped pad are sequentially connected via the fastening structure.

5. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fastening structure includes a screw, a steel gasket, a rubber gasket and a nut; when installing the replaceable structure, the screw passes through the steel gasket, the rubber gasket, the outer plate of the assembly box, the outer panel of the replaceable structure, the C-shaped gasket in sequence, and finally the nut is tightened; when installing the assembly box, the screw passes through the steel gasket, the rubber gasket, the side fixing part, the assembly box in sequence, and finally the nut is tightened.

6. The ship model collision test side replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer plate of the side fixing member is an open plane whose largest dimension fits the three-dimensional curved surface of the side. The geometric shape of the outer plate of the side fixing member is obtained by a method of approximating the curved surface with a flat plate, and then processed and manufactured. The outer plate of the assembly box is also an open plane with the largest scale fitting the three-dimensional curved surface of the side. By using the method of flat plate approximation to the curved surface, the geometric shape of the outer plate of the assembly box is obtained and then processed and manufactured.

7. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the replaceable structure is connected to the assembly box through the fastening structure, waterproof glue is used to perform further sealing.

8. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the assembly box is connected to the side fixing piece through the fastening structure, it is further sealed using waterproof glue.

9. The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional curved plate is fixed to the front and rear sides of the outer plate of the side fixing member by welding.

10. A ship model collision test method, characterized in that: The side replacement device for ship model collision test according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Side openings: one or more side openings are opened on the collision test ship model according to test requirements; Fabrication and installation of side fixing structures: Based on the three-dimensional curved surface characteristics of the side openings at various locations, side fixing components are manufactured to fit the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the side openings to the greatest extent possible. Panels that can fully fit the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the side openings are then welded to the front and rear outer plates of the side fixing components. The fabricated side fixing structures are then installed into the corresponding side openings of the collision test ship model. Fabrication of the replaceable structure and assembly box: Based on the structural stiffness requirements of the scaled-down ship model test, the structural form and material properties of the replaceable structure are selected, and the appropriate dimensions and thicknesses of the faceplate and web are designed. The replaceable structure is then fabricated. Once fabricated, the replaceable structure is fixedly installed in the assembly box and waterproofed and sealed after installation to ensure the watertightness of the replaceable structure. Multiple replaceable structures and assembly boxes are fabricated simultaneously and installed for future use. Multiple repeatable ship model collision tests are carried out in the side replacement area: the assembly box with the replaceable structure is installed in the side fixture through the fastening structure, and waterproof sealing treatment is performed after installation; then the initial ship model collision test is carried out; after the initial ship model collision test is completed, the assembly box is quickly replaced and installed, and the next ship model collision test is carried out again.

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