A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of cogeneration, and specifically to a three-dimensional coupled cogeneration method and system. The system includes a hydrogenation oil storage tank, a dehydrogenation reactor, a first phase change material heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage tank, and a fuel cell system connected in sequence; it also includes a first heat exchange tank and a second heat exchange tank; the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank both include a low-temperature channel for circulating low-temperature phase change materials and a high-temperature channel for circulating high-temperature phase change materials; the low-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the dehydrogenation reactor, and the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank are interconnected to form a dehydrogenation heat supply circuit; the high-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank, and the fuel cell system are interconnected to form a battery cooling circuit. The present application realizes full energy utilization through a fuel cell-phase change material heat exchange-organic liquid hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation coupled system, ensuring smooth operation of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cogeneration, and in particular to a three-dimensional coupled cogeneration method and system. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell (SOFC) is an energy conversion system with stable performance, high energy utilization efficiency, easy modularization, and the ability to provide combined heat and power to the outside world. Hydrogen-based fuel cells are highly energy efficient and clean and pollution-free. However, during the use of fuel cells, a large amount of waste heat is generated. If this waste heat is not removed, it will be detrimental to the performance of the fuel cell itself. In addition, if this energy can be used efficiently, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell can be further improved, and energy can be used more fully and reasonably. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method and system, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that a large amount of waste heat generated during the use of fuel cells is not fully utilized, resulting in energy waste.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system, comprising a hydrogenation oil storage tank, a dehydrogenation reactor, a first phase change material heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell system connected in sequence;

[0005] It also includes a first heat exchange tank and a second heat exchange tank; the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank both include a low-temperature channel for circulating low-temperature phase change material and a high-temperature channel for circulating high-temperature phase change material;

[0006] The low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the dehydrogenation reactor and the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank are connected to each other to form a dehydrogenation heat supply circuit;

[0007] The high-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank and the fuel cell system are interconnected to form a battery cooling circuit.

[0008] Optionally, the system also includes a second phase change material heat exchanger, the fuel cell system is connected to the second phase change material heat exchanger, and the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank and the second phase change material heat exchanger are interconnected to form an exhaust gas cooling circuit.

[0009] Optionally, the first phase change material heat exchanger is also connected to a hydrogen oil storage tank.

[0010] Optionally, a third phase change material heat exchanger is further provided between the hydrogenation oil storage tank and the dehydrogenation reactor.

[0011] Optionally, the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank are also connected to an external heat system.

[0012] Optionally, the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is connected to the first phase change material heat exchanger.

[0013] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method, which is implemented based on the above system and includes the following steps:

[0014] The hydrogenated hydrogen oil is sent to a dehydrogenation reactor for reaction to obtain a hydrogen gas-hydrogen oil mixture;

[0015] sending the hydrogen-oil mixture into a first phase change material heat exchanger for separation to obtain hydrogen;

[0016] The hydrogen is sent to a fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system reacts to generate electricity;

[0017] The phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank is sent to the dehydrogenation reactor for heat supply, and the phase change material with reduced temperature after heat supply is sent to the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange;

[0018] The phase change material in the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is sent to the fuel cell system to absorb the waste heat of the fuel cell system, and the phase change material after absorbing the heat is sent to the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange.

[0019] Optionally, the phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is also sent to the first phase change material heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen-hydrogen-oil mixture.

[0020] Optionally, before the hydrogenated oil is fed into the dehydrogenation reactor for reaction, the method further comprises the step of preheating the hydrogenated oil using a phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank.

[0021] Optionally, the reaction temperature in the dehydrogenation reactor is 150-200°C.

[0022] Optionally, the method further includes the steps of: using the phase change material in the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank to cool the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system, absorbing the heat of the exhaust gas, and then sending the phase change material to the high-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange.

[0023] Optionally, the method further comprises the step of transporting the phase change material in the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank to an external system for heat supply.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0025] In the present application, the dehydrogenation reactor serves as the hydrogen supply end to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell serves as the hydrogen consumption end to output electricity and heat to the outside. The phase change material serves as the waste heat in the process to utilize the circulation and temperature control system to collect the excess heat of the fuel cell, and use the collected heat to heat the dehydrogenation reactor, while achieving temperature control of the fuel cell and the dehydrogenation reactor; that is, the present application achieves full energy utilization through the fuel cell-phase change material heat exchange-organic liquid hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation coupling system, ensuring the smooth operation of the system. At the same time, since the phase change material has the characteristic of being able to maintain temperature, no additional temperature measurement and temperature control equipment is required in the system of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the solutions shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system in an embodiment of the present application. The dotted line in the figure represents the flow direction of the phase change material, and the solid line represents the flow direction of the reaction material.

[0028] Explanation of symbols: 1-hydrogenation hydrogen oil storage tank, 2-third phase change material heat exchanger, 3-dehydrogenation reactor, 4-first phase change material heat exchanger, 5-hydrogen gas storage tank, 6-hydrogen oil storage tank, 7-first heat exchange tank, 701-high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, 702-low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, 8-second heat exchange tank, 801-high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank, 802-low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank, 9-fuel cell system, 10-second phase change material heat exchanger, 11-external heat system.

[0029] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0032] In this application, the word "as an example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration or description". Any embodiment described in this application as "as an example" is not necessarily to be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0033] A fuel cell (SOFC) is an energy conversion system with stable performance, high energy utilization efficiency, easy modularization, and the ability to provide combined heat and power to the outside world. Hydrogen-based fuel cells are highly energy efficient and clean and pollution-free, making them the best choice for promoting the efficient use of clean energy. However, during the use of fuel cells, on the one hand, a large amount of waste heat will be generated. If this waste heat is not removed, it will be detrimental to the performance of the fuel cell itself. On the other hand, its high-temperature exhaust gas also contains a large amount of energy. If this energy can be used efficiently, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell can be further improved, and energy can be used more fully and reasonably.

[0034] Organic liquid hydrogen storage technology (LOHC) is an efficient and safe hydrogen storage and transportation technology. It has high hydrogen storage density, is non-flammable and non-explosive, and has low storage and transportation costs. It is the only choice for large-scale, low-cost, long-distance transportation of hydrogen. However, the organic liquid hydrogen storage process, especially the dehydrogenation system, can stably and efficiently provide pure hydrogen, but because the dehydrogenation process is an endothermic process, it requires a large amount of stable energy supply to ensure a continuous supply of hydrogen. Therefore, the energy consumption of the dehydrogenation process is very high, and ordinary electric heating will make the cost high.

[0035] Phase change material (PCM) heat exchange is a new type of heat exchange technology with superior performance. Phase change materials are a type of substance that has the ability to change its physical state within a certain temperature range. When the physical state changes, the temperature of the material itself remains almost unchanged before and after the phase change, forming a wide temperature platform. Although the temperature of the material itself remains unchanged, the latent heat absorbed or released is very large. In this field, solid-solid phase change and solid-liquid phase change materials are widely used, and solid-liquid phase change materials are widely used in solar thermal storage systems, industrial waste heat utilization, building energy conservation, etc. due to their advantages such as high phase change latent heat, high heat storage density, small temperature change during energy storage and release, many types, wide sources and low prices. Phase change materials have a wide range of temperature application ranges and scenarios, and due to the constant phase change temperature, the heat storage and release process of phase change materials has the characteristics of stable transmission and accurate temperature control. Although the cost of phase change material heat exchange technology is still higher than that of water cooling and air cooling technologies, resulting in certain limitations on its application in many fields, its cooling efficiency is higher than that of air cooling and water cooling technologies, and it can achieve peak shifting and valley filling of heat, facilitating efficient management and utilization of heat. Especially in systems with large temperature differences and the need for temperature control, this technology can simultaneously achieve control of high and low temperatures.

[0036] The above three technologies have outstanding technical advantages in their respective fields, but they also have obvious defects. However, these three technologies are complementary to a large extent to overcome their respective defects: fuel cells need fuel to provide electricity and heat to the outside, while the dehydrogenation process of organic liquid hydrogen storage can output a large amount of hydrogen to the outside; the dehydrogenation process of organic liquid hydrogen storage requires a lot of heat, while fuel cells happen to have a large amount of waste heat output; the dehydrogenation process of organic liquid hydrogen storage and fuel cells both require accurate temperature control to extend their service life, and the heat exchange process of phase change materials has the characteristics of accurate temperature control, and phase change materials can also achieve high and low temperature heat exchange.

[0037] Therefore, organically combining the three to form a complete set of energy-saving fuel cell-phase change material heat exchange-organic liquid hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation system three-dimensional coupled cogeneration system will be a breakthrough in the field of hydrogen energy application and can achieve efficient cogeneration of hydrogen energy.

[0038] This application provides a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system, see Figure 1 , including a hydrogenation oil storage tank 1, a dehydrogenation reactor 3, a first phase change material heat exchanger 4, a hydrogen storage tank 5, and a fuel cell system 9 which are connected in sequence;

[0039] It also includes a first heat exchange tank 7 and a second heat exchange tank 8; the first heat exchange tank 7 and the second heat exchange tank 8 both include a low-temperature channel for circulating low-temperature phase change material and a high-temperature channel for circulating high-temperature phase change material;

[0040] The low temperature channel 702 of the first heat exchange tank, the dehydrogenation reactor 3 and the low temperature channel 802 of the second heat exchange tank are connected to each other to form a dehydrogenation heat supply circuit;

[0041] The high temperature channel 701 of the first heat exchange tank, the high temperature channel 801 of the second heat exchange tank and the fuel cell system 9 are connected to each other to form a battery cooling circuit.

[0042] The dehydrogenation reactor 3 of the present application generates hydrogen, and serves as a hydrogen supply end to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell. The fuel cell serves as a hydrogen consumption end to output electricity and heat to the outside. The phase change material is used as the waste heat in the process to utilize the circulation and temperature control system to collect the excess heat of the fuel cell and supply heat to the dehydrogenation reactor 3, and at the same time, the temperature of the fuel cell and the dehydrogenation reactor 3 is controlled; that is, the present application realizes full utilization of energy through the system of fuel cell-phase change material heat exchange-organic liquid hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation coupling, and ensures the smooth operation of the system. The system has very high application value in the field of distributed energy supply, such as underdeveloped areas with vast land and sparse population and villages. At the same time, because the phase change material has the characteristic of maintaining temperature, there is no need for temperature measurement and temperature control in the entire working process. Therefore, there is no need to install additional temperature measurement and temperature control equipment in the system of the present application, which reduces costs.

[0043] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the first phase change material heat exchanger 4 is also connected to the hydrogen oil storage tank 6. The first phase change material heat exchanger 4 condenses the hydrogen oil by cooling, so that the hydrogen gas and hydrogen oil generated by the dehydrogenation reactor 3 can be separated, and the condensed hydrogen oil is collected in the hydrogen oil storage tank 6. The collected hydrogen oil can be recycled or sold as a by-product.

[0044] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the system also includes a second phase change material heat exchanger 10, the fuel cell system 9 is connected to the second phase change material heat exchanger 10, and the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell reaction is transported to the second phase change material heat exchanger 10, the high temperature channel 701 of the first heat exchange tank, the high temperature channel 801 of the second heat exchange tank and the second phase change material heat exchanger 10 are interconnected to form an exhaust gas cooling circuit.

[0045] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the first heat exchange tank 7 and the second heat exchange tank 8 are also connected to the external heat system 11. If the heat stored in the phase change material is sufficient, the external heat system 11 can be used to heat the outside to achieve multi-level energy utilization.

[0046] As an optional embodiment of the present application, a third phase change material heat exchanger 2 is further provided between the hydrogenated oil storage tank 1 and the dehydrogenation reactor 3, and the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 is used to preheat the hydrogenated oil so that the hydrogenated oil can enter the dehydrogenation reactor 3 at a higher temperature for reaction.

[0047] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the low temperature channel 802 of the second heat exchange tank is connected to the first phase change material heat exchanger 4. The first phase change material heat exchanger 4 is used for condensing and separating hydrogen and hydrogen oil, so the low temperature phase change material in the second heat exchange tank 8 can be used for refrigeration to achieve condensation separation.

[0048] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method, which is implemented based on the above system and includes the following steps:

[0049] The hydrogenated hydrogen oil is sent to the dehydrogenation reactor 3 for reaction to obtain a hydrogen gas hydrogen oil mixture;

[0050] The hydrogen-hydrogen-oil mixture is sent to the first phase change material heat exchanger 4 for separation to obtain hydrogen;

[0051] The hydrogen is sent to the fuel cell system 9, and the fuel cell system 9 reacts to generate electricity;

[0052] The phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 is sent to the dehydrogenation reactor 3 for heating; the phase change material with reduced temperature after heating is sent to the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 for storage and heat exchange;

[0053] The phase change material in the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is sent to the fuel cell system 9 to absorb the waste heat of the fuel cell system 9, and the phase change material after absorbing the heat is sent to the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 for storage and heat exchange.

[0054] The first heat exchange tank 7 and the second heat exchange tank 8 of the present application are used to allow high-temperature phase change material and low-temperature phase change material to exchange heat, wherein the high-temperature phase change material takes the high-temperature channel and the low-temperature phase change material takes the low-temperature channel; the phase change material can store energy and control its own temperature within a certain range, and the heat absorbed by the high-temperature phase change material mainly comes from the waste heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell system 9, and the temperature can reach above 700°C, and then the high-temperature phase change material transfers the heat to the low-temperature phase change material in the heat exchange tank, so that the temperature of the low-temperature phase change material reaches 150-220°C, and then the low-temperature phase change material of 150-220°C supplies heat to the dehydrogenation reactor 3, and there is also excess heat to preheat the reaction raw materials, effectively improving the efficiency of the dehydrogenation reaction. The hydrogen generated by the dehydrogenation reaction is used as a raw material to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell system 9, and the low-temperature phase change material is further cooled after heating. The cooled low-temperature phase change material is then sent to the second heat exchange tank 8 and the first heat exchange tank 7 in turn to absorb the heat of the high-temperature phase change material. This is repeated, and the two phase change materials continuously shift the heat peaks and fill the valleys in the entire system, thereby achieving efficient management and utilization of heat.

[0055] Phase change materials can be divided into organic, inorganic and mixed types according to their chemical components. Currently, organic and inorganic phase change materials are the most commonly used. Organic phase change materials mainly include paraffin, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and esters. Among them, paraffin is the most commonly used organic phase change material, which is composed of saturated normal alkanes, and the melting point increases with the increase of the number of carbon atoms. Organic phase change materials are non-corrosive, have no supercooling and phase separation phenomena, and have excellent heat storage capacity. They are usually used in medium and low temperature heat storage, such as building energy conservation and battery thermal management. Inorganic phase change materials mainly include crystal water and salts, metals and alloys, molten salts, etc. Among them, molten salts have the advantages of wide operating temperature range, large phase change enthalpy, high heat storage density, low saturated vapor pressure, no supercooling and phase separation phenomena, good thermal conductivity and chemical stability, etc., and are suitable for solar high-temperature thermal power generation and industrial waste heat recovery. Phase change heat storage systems used in different fields should usually select matching materials with different phase change temperatures and phase change latent heats. At the same time, the physical and chemical properties can be improved according to the type of phase change material or by combining the phase change material with other materials.

[0056] The phase change material in the present application may specifically be metal and its alloy, molten salt or ceramic, etc. The phase change material is dispersed in a solvent (water, ethylene glycol and other inorganic or organic solvents) in the form of microcrystals and can be transported in a fluid state in the system.

[0057] In the present application, for the organic liquid hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation part, that is, for the third phase change material heat exchanger 2, the dehydrogenation reactor 3 and the first phase change material heat exchanger 4, a low-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 150-220°C is selected; for the fuel cell system 9, a high-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 700-1000°C is used, and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell is sufficient to make it reach a phase change temperature of 700-1000°C.

[0058] The phase change material heat exchangers in this application are all sandwich structures, and the phase change material is slowly passed through the outer layer of the heat exchanger by pumping, and the material that needs to be heated or cooled flows through the inner layer of the heat exchanger to perform heat exchange. The dehydrogenation reactor 3 is also a sandwich structure, and the hydrogenated oil passes through the inner layer filled with catalyst, and the outer layer is used to circulate the phase change material.

[0059] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the temperature of the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 is preferably 150-200°C, which reduces the time required for the subsequent dehydrogenation reaction and effectively improves the reaction efficiency. The phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 can be directly transported to the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 for heating, or the phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 can be first transported to the dehydrogenation reactor 3 and then transported to the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 for heating.

[0060] As an example, the phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 flows sequentially through the dehydrogenation reactor 3 and the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 for heat supply. That is, the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 can be connected to the above-mentioned dehydrogenation heating circuit, so that the high-temperature phase change material firstly provides heat for the dehydrogenation reaction, and then is used to preheat the hydrogenation oil feedstock. The preheating temperature is slightly lower and will not affect the reaction.

[0061] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is also sent to the first phase change material heat exchanger 4 to cool the hydrogen-hydrogen-oil mixture. After the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the hydrogen-hydrogen-oil reaction, the hydrogen and hydrogen-oil are mixed together in a gaseous state and sent to the first phase change material heat exchanger 4, allowing the low-temperature phase change material to flow through the first phase change material heat exchanger 4 to absorb the heat of the mixed gas, condense the hydrogen-oil therein, and then collect the hydrogen-oil, while the hydrogen is maintained in a gaseous state and sent to the hydrogen storage tank 5 for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell system 9. The temperature of the low-temperature phase change material after absorbing heat is still relatively low, so it is transported back to the second heat exchange tank 8 for storage and heat exchange.

[0062] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the reaction temperature in the dehydrogenation reactor 3 is 150-200° C. This temperature is the temperature required for the dehydrogenation reaction of the hydrogenated oil. The inner layer of the dehydrogenation reactor 3 is filled with a catalyst, which is specifically a material that can catalyze the dehydrogenation reaction and has an adsorption material (alumina, activated carbon, molecular sieve, etc.) as a carrier and a metal (Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ni, etc.) or a metal oxide (CuO, NiO, ZnO, etc.) or a mixture of the two as the main active component.

[0063] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the phase change material in the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is also sent to the second phase change material heat exchanger 10 to absorb the heat of the exhaust gas generated by the reaction of the fuel cell system 9, and the phase change material that absorbs the waste heat is sent to the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 for storage. That is, the heat absorbed by the high temperature phase change material comes not only from the waste heat inside the fuel cell system 9, but also from the exhaust gas. The high temperature exhaust gas is cooled down to become low temperature steam or water, and finally can be discharged safely and without pollution.

[0064] The above technical solution of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned heat and power cogeneration system and specifically includes the following steps:

[0067] The hydrogenated oil is transported from the hydrogenated oil storage tank 1 to the inner layer of the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 by pumping, and the phase change material at 150-200°C is pumped to the outer layer of the third phase change material heat exchanger 2. After heat exchange, the hydrogenated oil is preheated to 100-150°C.

[0068] The preheated hydrogenated oil is transported to the inner layer of the dehydrogenation reactor 3, and at the same time, the 150-200°C phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank 7 is pumped through the outer layer of the dehydrogenation reactor 3, so that the temperature in the dehydrogenation reactor 3 can be maintained at 150-200°C.

[0069] After the phase change material at 150-200°C passes through the dehydrogenation reactor 3 and the third phase change material heat exchanger 2 in sequence, its temperature is reduced to 80-100°C, and then the phase change material at 80-100°C is transported to the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 for storage.

[0070] After the hydrogenated hydrogen oil passes through the dehydrogenation reactor 3, the generated hydrogen gas and hydrogen oil mixture is sent to the inner layer of the first phase change material heat exchanger 4, and at the same time, the 80-100°C phase change material in the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is pumped through the outer layer of the first phase change material heat exchanger 4. The phase change material absorbs heat and the temperature rises to 100-130°C. The hydrogen and hydrogen oil in the hydrogen gas and hydrogen oil mixture are separated, and the hydrogen oil is condensed into liquid, and the hydrogen oil is transported to the hydrogen oil storage tank 6 for collection. The phase change material that has absorbed heat is transported back to the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8.

[0071] The separated hydrogen is transported to the fuel cell system 9, and the fuel cell system 9 outputs electricity and heat to the outside. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system 9 is transported to the inner layer of the second phase change material heat exchanger 10. At the same time, the phase change material in the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is transported to the outer layer of the second phase change material heat exchanger 10. The phase change material absorbs the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas, and then the phase change material is transported to the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 for storage; the exhaust gas is cooled and condensed, and its component is water, which can be directly discharged.

[0072] The fuel cell system 9 will also generate a large amount of waste heat inside during operation. If this waste heat is not removed, it will harm the performance of the fuel cell itself. Therefore, the phase change material in the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 is transported to the fuel cell system 9 to absorb the waste heat inside it. The temperature of the phase change material rises to 700-1000°C, and the phase change material at 700-1000°C is transported to the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8 for storage.

[0073] In the first heat exchange tank 7, the high-temperature phase change material of 700-1000°C in the high-temperature channel provides heat for the low-temperature phase change material in the low-temperature channel, so that the temperature of the low-temperature phase change material reaches 150-220°C, and the high-temperature phase change material reduces a part of the heat, and then the high-temperature phase change material is transported to the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8, so that it provides heat for the low-temperature phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank 8, allowing the high-temperature phase change material to cool down.

[0074] The low-temperature phase change material that has initially absorbed heat in the second heat exchange tank 8 is transported to the first heat exchange tank 7 for further temperature increase. That is, the high-temperature phase change material flows from the first heat exchange tank 7 to the second heat exchange tank 8, and the low-temperature phase change material flows from the second heat exchange tank 8 to the first heat exchange tank 7.

[0075] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present application, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogenation oil storage tank, a dehydrogenation reactor, a first phase change material heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell system which are connected in sequence; for the dehydrogenation reactor and the first phase change material heat exchanger, a low-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 150-220°C is selected; for the fuel cell system, a high-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 700-1000°C is used; It also includes a first heat exchange tank and a second heat exchange tank; the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank each include a low-temperature channel for circulating low-temperature phase change material and a high-temperature channel for circulating high-temperature phase change material; The low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the dehydrogenation reactor and the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank are connected to each other to form a dehydrogenation heat supply circuit; The high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank and the fuel cell system are connected to each other to form a battery cooling circuit; The system also includes a second phase change material heat exchanger, the fuel cell system is connected to the second phase change material heat exchanger, and the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank, the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank and the second phase change material heat exchanger are interconnected to form an exhaust gas cooling circuit.

2. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third phase change material heat exchanger is also provided between the hydrogenation oil storage tank and the dehydrogenation reactor.

3. The three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is connected to the first phase change material heat exchanger.

4. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the method comprises the steps of: The hydrogenated hydrogen oil is sent to a dehydrogenation reactor for reaction to obtain a hydrogen gas-hydrogen oil mixture; sending the hydrogen-oil mixture into a first phase change material heat exchanger for separation to obtain hydrogen; The hydrogen is sent to a fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system reacts to generate electricity; The phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank is sent to the dehydrogenation reactor for heat supply, and the phase change material with reduced temperature after heat supply is sent to the low temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange; The phase change material in the high temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is sent to the fuel cell system to absorb the waste heat of the fuel cell system, and the phase change material after absorbing the heat is sent to the high temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange.

5. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase change material in the low-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank is also sent to the first phase change material heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen-hydrogen-oil mixture.

6. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before the hydrogenated oil is fed into the dehydrogenation reactor for reaction, the method further comprises the step of preheating the hydrogenated oil by using the phase change material in the low temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank.

7. A three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reaction temperature in the dehydrogenation reactor is 150-200°C.

8. The three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of: using the phase change material in the high-temperature channel of the second heat exchange tank to cool the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system, absorbing the heat of the exhaust gas, and then sending the phase change material to the high-temperature channel of the first heat exchange tank for storage and heat exchange.

9. The three-dimensional coupled heat and power cogeneration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further includes the step of transporting the phase change material in the first heat exchange tank and the second heat exchange tank to an external system for heat supply.

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