An assembled monolithic beam-slab integrated frame structure and a method for installing the same

Abstract

This invention relates to an integrated prefabricated beam-slab frame structure and its installation method. The frame structure includes prefabricated columns, prefabricated beams, and prefabricated beam-slab units. The beam-column joints of the prefabricated columns are joint areas connected by vertical reinforcing bars but without concrete pouring. A joint connection assembly is provided at the lower part of the joint area. The joint connection assembly has an inverted T-shaped structure. The prefabricated beams are erected on the joint connection assembly, and U-shaped brackets are provided on the side walls of the prefabricated beams. The ribs of the prefabricated beam-slab units are supported on the joint connection assembly or the U-shaped brackets, and the second L-shaped steel plate of the ribs is welded to the joint connection assembly. Concrete is poured in the joint area, the stirrup area of ​​the prefabricated beams, and the extended stirrup area of ​​the ribs. The installation method includes the following steps: Step 1, installing the prefabricated column array in the designated position; Step 2, hoisting the prefabricated beams and supporting them on the joint connection assembly; hoisting the prefabricated beam-slab units and supporting them on the joint connection assembly or the U-shaped brackets; Step 4, arranging the continuous beam reinforcement; Step 5, pouring concrete. This invention enables rapid connection at common nodes of multi-layer precast columns, precast beams, and precast beam-slab units, without the need for temporary supports during the connection process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated buildings, and in particular to a prefabricated monolithic beam-slab integrated frame structure and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing precast reinforced concrete structures typically involve precasting columns in layers according to floor level, and then using techniques such as sleeve grouting connections at beam-column joints on each floor to connect the vertical reinforcement in the columns on-site. This layered precasting method is costly and difficult to implement for column reinforcement connections. Furthermore, due to limitations in technology, the reliability of sleeve grouting connections fluctuates significantly, restricting the engineering application of precast concrete structures. Additionally, the layered precasting method suffers from poor overall integrity; after connecting the precast columns and beams, in-situ concrete pouring is required to ensure the joint strength before installing the next layer of precast components.

[0003] The beam-column joint is a convergence point of numerous reinforcing bars, with dense reinforcement and significant construction challenges. Existing prefabrication methods use prefabricated beam end extensions in the same direction to anchor into the joint, employing lateral or vertical avoidance in spatial arrangement. While this solves the installation feasibility issue, it increases the number of reinforcing bars at the joint, further complicating the construction. CN117926914A discloses an assembled monolithic beam-slab integrated frame structure and its installation method, which solves the above-mentioned problems. However, this solution only addresses the connection relationship between single-layer precast columns and precast beams. There is currently no good solution for the connection method at the nodes of multi-layer precast columns, precast beams, and precast beam-slab units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated prefabricated beam-slab frame structure and its installation method, which enables rapid connection at common nodes of multi-layer prefabricated columns, prefabricated beams, and prefabricated beam-slab units, without the need for temporary supports during the connection process.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an assembled integral beam-slab frame structure, characterized in that it includes precast columns 1, precast beams 2, and precast beam-slab units 3; The precast column 1 is a reinforced concrete column structure. The beam-column joint of the precast column 1 is a joint area 11 connected by vertical steel bars 12 and without concrete pouring. Stirrups 13 are provided at the joint area 11 from top to bottom, enclosing the vertical steel bars 12. The lower part of the node area 11 is provided with a node connection component 4; the node connection component 4 includes a back plate 41, a continuous steel plate 42, a bottom plate 43, a vertical plate 44, and studs 45. Several studs 45 are connected to both sides of the continuous steel plate 42; the front and rear sides of the continuous steel plate 42 are connected to the back plate 41, and the continuous steel plate 42 is perpendicular to the back plate 41; the bottom plate 43 is connected to the outer side of the back plate 41, and the vertical plate 44 is also connected to the middle of the outer side of the back plate 41, and the bottom edge of the vertical plate 44 is connected to the surface of the bottom plate 43, so that the vertical plate 44 and the bottom plate 43 form an inverted T-shaped support structure; the continuous steel plate 42 and the back plate 41 are both cast in the concrete of the precast column 1; so that the bottom plate 43 and the vertical plate 44 of the node connection component 4 extend to intersect the side wall of the precast column 1; The node connection component 4 is further divided into a horizontally arranged node connection component 4 and a vertically arranged node connection component 4. The horizontally arranged node connection component 4 is lower in horizontal height than the corresponding vertically arranged node connection component 4. The horizontally arranged node connection component 4 is used to support the precast beam 2, and the vertically arranged node connection component 4 is used for the precast beam slab unit 3. The precast beam 2 is a rectangular reinforced concrete beam structure. Upward-extending beam stirrups 21 are provided on the beam surface of the precast beam 2. The bottom of the precast beam 2 is provided with bottom reinforcement 22. At the middle position of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam 2, there is an avoidance groove 23 adapted to the vertical plate 44. There are also avoidance notches 24 on both sides of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam 2. A first L-shaped steel plate 25 is installed at the avoidance notch 24. The transverse part of the first L-shaped steel plate 25 is attached to the bottom surface of the precast beam 2 and welded to the bottom reinforcement 22. A guide channel 26 is provided at the upper part of both ends of the precast beam 2, extending from the surface of the precast beam 2 to the end face of the precast beam 2; U-shaped brackets 27 are provided on the front and rear sides of the precast beam 2. The precast beam-slab unit 3 is a reinforced concrete structure, which is divided into a flat plate 31 and downwardly extending rib beams 32 on the left and right sides of the flat plate 31. A groove 33 is provided on the outer edge of the top surface of the rib beam 32. Rib beam stirrups are provided in the rib beam 32, and the part of the rib beam stirrups extending out of the groove 33 forms an outward stirrup 34. The bottom of the rib beam 32 is provided with a rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 connected to the rib beam stirrups. The inner side and bottom surface of the bottom of both ends of the rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 are also provided with cutting notches 35. A second L-shaped steel plate 36 is installed at the cutting notch 35, wherein the transverse part of the second L-shaped steel plate 36 is attached to the bottom surface of the cutting notch 35 and welded to the rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 as a whole. The precast columns 1 are arranged in an array, and a precast beam 2 is installed between any two adjacent precast columns 1. The precast beam 2 is supported on the node connection assembly 4, and the first L-shaped steel plate 25 of the precast beam 2 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41. The precast beam and slab unit 3 is installed between the left and right adjacent precast beams 2. The rib beam 32 of the precast beam and slab unit 3 is supported on the node connection component 4 or the U-shaped bracket 27, and the second L-shaped steel plate 36 of the rib beam 32 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41. A continuous beam reinforcement bar 5 is provided at the beam stirrup 21 of the precast beam 2 and the extended stirrup 34 of the rib beam 32. The beam reinforcement bar 5 passes through the node area 11. Concrete is poured in the node area 11, the area of ​​the stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2, and the area of ​​the outward stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32.

[0006] An installation method for an integrated beam-slab frame structure, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Install the prefabricated column array 1 at the designated location; Step 2: Hoist the precast beam 2 so that the end of the precast beam 2 is supported on the node connection assembly 4; wherein the clearance groove 23 of the precast beam 2 is inserted into the vertical plate 44 of the node connection assembly 4, and the first L-shaped steel plate 25 of the precast beam 2 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41 as a whole. Step 3: Hoist the precast beam unit 3 so that the ends of the rib beam 32 of the precast beam 2 are supported on the node connection component 4 or the U-shaped bracket 27. The second L-shaped steel plate 36 of the rib beam 32 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41 as a whole. Step 4: Layout continuous beam reinforcement 5 at the beam stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2 and the extended stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32. The beam reinforcement 5 passes through the node area 11. Step 5: Lay templates on both sides of the precast beam 2 and around the node area 11, and pour concrete in the node area 11, the area of ​​the beam stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2, and the area of ​​the outward stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32.

[0007] Compared with previous technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The setting of node connection components can ensure the reliable transmission of shear force between precast columns and precast beams, as well as between precast column and precast beam / slab units. At the same time, it eliminates the need for temporary supports during the installation of precast components, thereby achieving green construction and improving the safety and installation efficiency of the structural construction process.

[0008] 2. Precasting multi-story concrete columns as a single unit can reduce the number of hoists and significantly improve the installation efficiency of precast structures; due to integrated precasting, there are also significant advantages in installation accuracy; and by reducing the number of on-site steel reinforcement connections, installation costs can be significantly reduced.

[0009] 3. The first L-shaped steel plate is welded to the bottom reinforcement of the beam, and the second L-shaped steel plate is welded to the bottom reinforcement of the rib beam, both of which can ensure the reliable transmission of the tensile force of the steel bars.

[0010] 4. Set a guide chute in the precast beam to facilitate the flow of concrete to the joint area. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a precast column; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a precast beam; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a precast beam-slab unit; Figure 4 Perspective view of a precast column; Figure 5 A perspective view of the node connection components located within a precast column; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the precast beam and the node; Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the precast beam-slab unit and the node; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of step 1; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of the precast column joint; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of step 2; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of the middle node; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of step 3; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Enlarged view of the middle node; Figure 14 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of beam reinforcement at the precast beam-slab unit in step 4; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the beam reinforcement arrangement at the precast beam in step 4.

[0012] Label Explanation: 1-Precast column, 11-Node area, 12-Vertical reinforcement, 121 Inclined section, 13-Stirrups; 2-Precast beam, 21-Beam stirrups, 22-Beam bottom reinforcement, 23-Avoidance groove, 24-Avoidance notch, 25-First L-shaped steel plate, 26-Guide chute, 27-U-shaped bracket, 28-Closed stirrup; 3-Precast beam-slab unit, 31-Flat plate, 32-Rib beam, 33-Groove, 34-Extended stirrup, 35-Cutting notch, 36-Second L-shaped steel plate; 4-Node connection assembly, -41 Back plate, 42 Continuous steel plate, 43 Base plate, 44 Vertical plate, 45 Studs; 5-Beam reinforcement. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1-7 As shown: An assembled monolithic beam-slab integrated frame structure includes precast columns 1, precast beams 2, and precast beam-slab units 3; The precast column 1 is a reinforced concrete column structure. The beam-column joint of the precast column 1 is a joint area 11 connected by vertical steel bars 12 and without concrete pouring. Stirrups 13 are provided at the joint area 11 from top to bottom, enclosing the vertical steel bars 12. The lower part of the node area 11 is provided with a node connection component 4; the node connection component 4 includes a back plate 41, a continuous steel plate 42, a bottom plate 43, a vertical plate 44, and studs 45. Several studs 45 are connected to both sides of the continuous steel plate 42; the front and rear sides of the continuous steel plate 42 are connected to the back plate 41, and the continuous steel plate 42 is perpendicular to the back plate 41; the bottom plate 43 is connected to the outer side of the back plate 41, and the vertical plate 44 is also connected to the middle of the outer side of the back plate 41, and the bottom edge of the vertical plate 44 is connected to the surface of the bottom plate 43, so that the vertical plate 44 and the bottom plate 43 form an inverted T-shaped support structure; the continuous steel plate 42 and the back plate 41 are both cast in the concrete of the precast column 1; so that the bottom plate 43 and the vertical plate 44 of the node connection component 4 extend to intersect the side wall of the precast column 1; The node connection component 4 is further divided into a horizontally arranged node connection component 4 and a vertically arranged node connection component 4. The horizontally arranged node connection component 4 is lower in horizontal height than the corresponding vertically arranged node connection component 4. The horizontally arranged node connection component 4 is used to support the precast beam 2, and the vertically arranged node connection component 4 is used for the precast beam slab unit 3. The precast beam 2 is a rectangular reinforced concrete beam structure. Upward-extending beam stirrups 21 are provided on the beam surface of the precast beam 2. The bottom of the precast beam 2 is provided with bottom reinforcement 22. At the middle position of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam 2, there is an avoidance groove 23 adapted to the vertical plate 44. There are also avoidance notches 24 on both sides of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam 2. A first L-shaped steel plate 25 is installed at the avoidance notch 24. The transverse part of the first L-shaped steel plate 25 is attached to the bottom surface of the precast beam 2 and welded to the bottom reinforcement 22. A guide channel 26 is provided at the upper part of both ends of the precast beam 2, extending from the surface of the precast beam 2 to the end face of the precast beam 2; U-shaped brackets 27 are provided on the front and rear sides of the precast beam 2. The precast beam-slab unit 3 is a reinforced concrete structure, which is divided into a flat plate 31 and downwardly extending rib beams 32 on the left and right sides of the flat plate 31. A groove 33 is provided on the outer edge of the top surface of the rib beam 32. Rib beam stirrups are provided in the rib beam 32, and the part of the rib beam stirrups extending out of the groove 33 forms an outward stirrup 34. The bottom of the rib beam 32 is provided with a rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 connected to the rib beam stirrups. The inner side and bottom surface of the bottom of both ends of the rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 are also provided with cutting notches 35. A second L-shaped steel plate 36 is installed at the cutting notch 35, wherein the transverse part of the second L-shaped steel plate 36 is attached to the bottom surface of the cutting notch 35 and welded to the rib beam bottom reinforcement 37 as a whole. The precast columns 1 are arranged in an array, and a precast beam 2 is installed between any two adjacent precast columns 1. The precast beam 2 is supported on the node connection assembly 4, and the first L-shaped steel plate 25 of the precast beam 2 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41. The precast beam and slab unit 3 is installed between the left and right adjacent precast beams 2. The rib beam 32 of the precast beam and slab unit 3 is supported on the node connection component 4 or the U-shaped bracket 27, and the second L-shaped steel plate 36 of the rib beam 32 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41. A continuous beam reinforcement bar 5 is provided at the beam stirrup 21 of the precast beam 2 and the extended stirrup 34 of the rib beam 32. The beam reinforcement bar 5 passes through the node area 11. Concrete is poured in the node area 11, the area of ​​the stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2, and the area of ​​the outward stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32.

[0014] In this design, a node area 11 without poured concrete is also set on the precast column 1. A node connection component 4 is provided at the lower part of the node area 11 to support the precast beam 2 and the precast beam-slab unit 3. Here, the node connection component 4 extends out of the side wall of the precast column in an inverted T-shaped support structure. The precast beam 2 is supported on the inverted T-shaped support structure. Correspondingly, a clearance groove 23 adapted to the vertical plate 44 is provided at the middle position of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam 2. It should be noted that the clearance groove 23 does not affect the height of the connection of the precast beam 2, thus ensuring the strength of the connection of the precast beam. The first L-shaped steel plate 25 provided on the precast beam 2 is welded to the bottom reinforcement 22 and the node connection component 4 to ensure the transmission of shear force and tensile force at the node.

[0015] The precast beam 2 has U-shaped brackets 27 on its front and rear sides to support the ribs of the precast beam slab unit 3.

[0016] Based on the above principle, a second L-shaped steel plate 36 is also provided at the end of the precast beam-slab unit 3. The second L-shaped steel plate 36 is simultaneously welded to the bottom reinforcement of the rib beam 37 and the node connection component 4 to ensure the shear force transmission at the node.

[0017] Finally, by setting beam reinforcement 5 that passes through node area 11, the same tensile force transfer at the node can be achieved.

[0018] The guide chute 26 set here can guide the concrete to flow towards the node area 11.

[0019] The vertical steel bars 12 of the precast column 1 are inclined in the node area to form a stiffness strengthening unit 121, so that the precast column will not undergo excessive deformation in the node area during production, transportation and installation.

[0020] Two symmetrical closed hoops 28 are embedded at the guide chute 26 of the precast beam 2 to ensure the shear resistance of the precast beam.

[0021] An installation method for an integrated beam-slab frame structure includes the following steps: Step 1, install the prefabricated column array 1 in the designated location (e.g., Figure 8 , 9 (as shown) Step 2: Hoist the precast beam 2 so that its end is supported on the node connection assembly 4; wherein the clearance groove 23 of the precast beam 2 is inserted into the vertical plate 44 of the node connection assembly 4, and the first L-shaped steel plate 25 of the precast beam 2 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41 as a whole (e.g., Figure 10 , 11 (as shown) Step 3: Hoist the precast beam unit 3, so that the ends of the ribs 32 of the precast beam 2 are supported on the node connection assembly 4 or the U-shaped bracket 27. The second L-shaped steel plate 36 of the rib 32 is welded to the bottom plate 43 and the back plate 41 as a whole (e.g., Figure 12 , 13 (as shown) Step 4: Continuous beam reinforcement 5 is installed at the stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2 and the extended stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32. The beam reinforcement 5 passes through the node area 11 (e.g., ...). Figure 14 , 15 (as shown) Step 5: Lay templates on both sides of the precast beam 2 and around the node area 11, and pour concrete in the node area 11, the area of ​​the beam stirrups 21 of the precast beam 2, and the area of ​​the outward stirrups 34 of the rib beam 32.

[0022] In step 5, the height of the poured concrete is flush with the upper surface of the joint area 11. This ensures the axial force transmission of the concrete column.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated integral beam-slab frame structure, characterized in that: It includes precast columns (1), precast beams (2) and precast beam-slab units (3); The precast column (1) is a reinforced concrete column structure. The beam-column joint of the precast column (1) is a joint area (11) connected by vertical steel bars (12) and without concrete pouring. Stirrups (13) are provided in the joint area (11) from top to bottom, which surround the vertical steel bars (12). The node area (11) is provided with a node connection assembly (4) at the bottom; the node connection assembly (4) includes a back plate (41), a continuous steel plate (42), a bottom plate (43), a vertical plate (44), and studs (45). Several studs (45) are connected to both sides of the continuous steel plate (42); the front and rear sides of the continuous steel plate (42) are connected to the back plate (41), and the continuous steel plate (42) is perpendicular to the back plate (41); the bottom plate (43) is connected to the back plate (41). On the outer side of the precast column (1), the vertical plate (44) is also connected to the middle of the outer side of the back plate (41), and the bottom edge of the vertical plate (44) is connected to the surface of the bottom plate (43), so that the vertical plate (44) and the bottom plate (43) form an inverted T-shaped support structure; the long steel plate (42) and the back plate (41) are both cast in the concrete of the precast column (1); so that the bottom plate (43) and the vertical plate (44) of the node connection component (4) extend to intersect the side wall of the precast column (1); The node connection component (4) is further divided into a horizontally set node connection component (4) and a vertically set node connection component (4). The horizontally set node connection component (4) is lower in height than the corresponding vertically set node connection component (4). The horizontally set node connection component (4) is used to support the precast beam (2), and the vertically set node connection component (4) is used for the precast beam-slab unit (3). The precast beam (2) is a rectangular reinforced concrete beam structure. Upward-extending beam stirrups (21) are provided on the beam surface of the precast beam (2). The bottom of the precast beam (2) is provided with bottom reinforcement bars (22). At the middle position of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam (2), there are relief grooves (23) that are compatible with the vertical plate (44). Relief gaps (24) are also provided on both sides of the bottom of both ends of the precast beam (2). A first L-shaped steel plate (25) is installed at the relief gap (24). The transverse part of the first L-shaped steel plate (25) is attached to the bottom surface of the precast beam (2) and welded to the bottom reinforcement bars (22) as a whole. A guide channel (26) is provided at the upper part of both ends of the precast beam (2) from the surface of the precast beam (2) to the end face of the precast beam (2); U-shaped brackets (27) are provided on the front and rear sides of the precast beam (2); The precast beam-slab unit (3) is a reinforced concrete structure, which is divided into a flat plate (31) and downward-extending ribs (32) on the left and right sides of the flat plate (31); a groove (33) is provided on the outer edge of the top surface of the rib (32); rib stirrups are provided in the rib (32) and the part of the rib stirrups extending out of the groove (33) forms an outward stirrup (34); the bottom of the rib (32) is provided with a bottom rib reinforcement (37) connected to the rib stirrups; the inner side and bottom surface of the bottom of the two ends of the bottom rib reinforcement (37) are also provided with a cutting notch (35); a second L-shaped steel plate (36) is installed at the cutting notch (35), wherein the transverse part of the second L-shaped steel plate (36) is attached to the bottom surface of the cutting notch (35) and welded to the bottom rib reinforcement (37) as a whole; The precast columns (1) are arranged in an array, and a precast beam (2) is installed between any two adjacent precast columns (1). The precast beam (2) is supported on the node connection assembly (4), and the first L-shaped steel plate (25) of the precast beam (2) is welded to the bottom plate (43) and the back plate (41). The precast beam-slab unit (3) is installed between the left and right adjacent precast beams (2). The rib beam (32) of the precast beam-slab unit (3) is supported on the node connection assembly (4) or U-shaped bracket (27), and the second L-shaped steel plate (36) of the rib beam (32) is welded to the bottom plate (43) and the back plate (41). A continuous beam reinforcement bar (5) is provided at the beam stirrup (21) of the precast beam (2) and the extended stirrup (34) of the rib beam (32), and the beam reinforcement bar (5) passes through the node area (11). Concrete is poured in the node area (11), the area of ​​the stirrups (21) of the precast beam (2), and the area of ​​the outward stirrups (34) of the rib beam (32).

2. The prefabricated integral beam-slab frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical steel bars (12) of the precast column (1) located in the node area are inclined to form stiffness strengthening units (121).

3. The prefabricated integral beam-slab frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two symmetrical closed hoops (28) are embedded at the guide chute (26) of the precast beam (2).

4. An installation method for an integrated beam-slab frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the prefabricated column (1) array at the designated location; Step 2, hoist the precast beam (2) so that the end of the precast beam (2) is supported on the node connection assembly (4); wherein the clearance groove (23) of the precast beam (2) is inserted into the vertical plate (44) of the node connection assembly (4), and the first L-shaped steel plate (25) of the precast beam (2) is welded to the bottom plate (43) and the back plate (41) as a whole; Step 3, hoist the precast beam unit (3), so that the ends of the rib beam (32) of the precast beam (2) are supported on the node connection assembly (4) or U-shaped bracket (27), and the second L-shaped steel plate (36) of the rib beam (32) is welded to the bottom plate (43) and the back plate (41) as a whole; Step 4: Layout a continuous beam reinforcement bar (5) at the beam stirrups (21) of the precast beam (2) and the extended stirrups (34) of the rib beam (32), the beam reinforcement bar (5) passing through the node area (11). Step 5: Lay templates on both sides of the precast beam (2) and around the node area (11), and pour concrete in the node area (11), the area of ​​the beam stirrups (21) of the precast beam (2), and the area of ​​the outward stirrups (34) of the rib beam (32).

5. The installation method of an assembled monolithic beam-slab integrated frame structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 5, the height of the poured concrete is flush with the upper surface of the node area (11).

Images