A special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sand roll processing.The preparation method of the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding is as follows: firstly, a pretreated base cloth is immersed in a PVA phenolic resin mixed solution, impregnated and dried, back scraping treatment is performed to form a back scraping layer, then a pre-coating layer, a bottom glue layer, a gravity sand planting layer, an electrostatic adsorption abrasive particle layer, a compound glue layer and an ultra-coating layer are coated on the front surface in sequence, and finally, solidification and kneading are performed, so that the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding is obtained.The sand roll is suitable for manufacturing a single-joint sand belt, has good heat absorption and burn prevention performance during grinding, is suitable for long-term operation of high-speed rail grinding without sand falling, deformation or lengthening, is beneficial to eliminating rail burn and is beneficial to stable use of the sand belt.The sand belt prepared by using the sand roll can achieve the purpose of protecting the surface of the rail, and has the characteristics of high cutting force, long service life, high sharpness and high-efficiency and fast grinding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sand roll processing, in particular to a special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rail grinding is a crucial maintenance work for ensuring the safety of railway transportation. After long-term train travel, the surface of the rail may have defects or unevenness, which will reduce the smoothness and safety of the track, and also increase the wear of the track and wheels. Therefore, rail grinding is necessary to improve safety, reduce maintenance costs, and extend service life.

[0003] The reasons for rail grinding usually include the following points:

[0004] Remove surface defects: As the use time increases, cracks, peeling, indentation and other defects may appear on the surface of the rail, which need to be removed by grinding.

[0005] Level the surface: Long-term use can cause the rail surface to have waves and unevenness, and grinding can restore the flatness of the surface and improve the smoothness of travel.

[0006] Improve track geometry: Grinding can correct the geometry of the track, such as track gauge, track type, and track surface inclination, to meet the track specification requirements.

[0007] Increase drainage capacity: Good track surface can enhance the drainage capacity of the track, prevent water accumulation on the railway line, and reduce the problems of wet and muddy coverage.

[0008] The service life of conventional abrasive belts is generally low, and frequent replacement of abrasive belts during work not only reduces efficiency, but also increases costs. High-quality special ceramic abrasive belts for rails mainly rely on imported sand rolls, such as 3M, VSM, etc. These brands of sand rolls have good quality and high efficiency, but the price is expensive, which is 3-5 times the price of other brands of sand rolls. Therefore, how to develop a high-quality sand roll for rail grinding while reducing its processing cost is a major research direction. SUMMARY

[0009] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding, which has high wear resistance, high hardness, high temperature resistance, high sharpness, fine surface treatment and the characteristics of maintaining the geometric shape of the track.

[0010] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a preparation method of a special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding, which comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) Base cloth pretreatment: the base cloth is subjected to cloth inspection and repair, rolling, singeing and high temperature setting treatment; the high temperature setting treatment is carried out in a high temperature setting machine at a temperature of 160-220°C; the base cloth is a full polyester gray cloth.

[0012] (2) mixing PVA aqueous solution and phenolic resin to obtain a PVA-phenolic resin mixture; then, the pretreated base cloth in step (1) is immersed in the mixture for treatment, and the base cloth after the immersion treatment is dried at 120-180°C for 1-3 minutes and then is ready for use;

[0013] (3) back scraping treatment is performed on the back of the dried base cloth by using a back scraping layer, and the back scraping layer is formed by drying at 80-180°C for 1-4 minutes;

[0014] (4) a pre-coating layer is coated on the front surface of the base cloth, and then dried; then, a bottom glue layer, a gravity sand layer and an electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer are coated, and then dried; then, a re-coating layer and an over-coating layer are coated, and then dried again;

[0015] (5) after drying, solidification treatment is performed, and finally, the base cloth is subjected to rubbing and rolling to obtain the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding;

[0016] The pre-coating layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 45-75 parts, heavy calcium carbonate 20-40 parts, leveling agent 0.1-1 part; the particle size of the heavy calcium carbonate is 400 mesh or 800 mesh.

[0017] Preferably, the mass concentration of the PVA aqueous solution in step (2) is 15-25 wt%; the mass ratio of the PVA aqueous solution to phenolic resin is 1:1-1:5.

[0018] Preferably, the back scraping layer in step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 25-45 parts, acrylic resin 15-30 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 20-50 parts, color paste 1-5 parts, emulsifier 0.5-1 part.

[0019] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (4) is 85-120°C, and the drying time is 60-120 minutes.

[0020] Preferably, the bottom glue layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 40-75 parts, heavy calcium carbonate 30-50 parts, silane coupling agent 0.1-1 part; the particle size of the heavy calcium carbonate is 400 mesh or 800 mesh.

[0021] Preferably, the gravity sand in step (4) is calcined brown corundum with a particle size of 70-800 microns.

[0022] The static abrasive layer is composed of thick sheet or strip nano-crystal ceramic corundum abrasive, and the particle size of the nano-crystal ceramic corundum abrasive is 100-1000 microns.

[0023] Preferably, the rubberizing in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 40-65 parts, ice crystal 30-80 parts, color paste 1-3 parts, and silane coupling agent 0-0.5 parts; the particle size of the ice crystal is 400 mesh or 800 mesh.

[0024] Preferably, the super coating in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: epoxy resin 5-20 parts, polyimide 10-30 parts, color paste 1-5 parts, 400 mesh ice crystal 0-70 parts, potassium fluoborate 25-60 parts, silane coupling agent 0.5-1.5 parts, and ethylene glycol ethyl ether 5-10 parts.

[0025] Preferably, the curing temperature in step (5) is 120 DEG C, and the time is 5-40 h.

[0026] In the preparation process of the present application, the thickness of the base cloth and back scraping layer is 0.7-0.8 mm, and the coating amount of the remaining layers is:

[0027] Pre-coating layer 60-200 g / m 2 , Primer layer 100-500 g / m 2 , Gravity sanding layer 80-500 g / m 2 , Electrostatic sanding layer 150-1000 g / m 2 , Rubberizing layer 100-650 g / m 2 , Super coating layer 80-700 g / m 2 .

[0028] Another object of the present application is to provide a ceramic sand roll for rail grinding prepared by the above method, which comprises, from top to bottom, a super coating layer, a rubberizing layer, an electrostatic sanding layer, a gravity sanding layer, a primer layer, a pre-coating layer, a base cloth layer, and a back scraping layer.

[0029] The functions of the layers are as follows: the super coating layer prevents burning; the rubberizing layer fixes the sand and cloth; the primer layer provides glue to make the sand stick to the cloth surface; and the pre-coating layer increases the flatness of the cloth surface, prevents sand from falling off, and increases the service life of the sand roll.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The application provides a special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding and a preparation method thereof. The sand roll is suitable for manufacturing a single-joint sand belt, has good heat absorption and burn prevention performance during grinding, is suitable for long-term operation of high-speed rail grinding without sand dropping, deformation or lengthening, is beneficial to eliminating rail burn and stable use of the sand belt. The sand belt prepared from the sand roll has the characteristics of high cutting force, long service life, high sharpness and high-efficiency and rapid grinding. The sand belt prepared from the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding has the following properties:

[0032] High wear resistance, high hardness and high temperature resistance, so that the ceramic sand belt can withstand heavy load, is not easy to wear, has low temperature during grinding and is suitable for grinding of heavy load infrastructure.

[0033] High sharpness: the ceramic sand belt can quickly grind the rail and improve work efficiency.

[0034] Fine surface treatment: the ceramic sand belt can produce very fine surface and meet the fineness required by railway safety and driving.

[0035] Maintain the geometric shape of the track: the ceramic sand belt can accurately remove uneven parts, maintain the geometric shape of the track and ensure the smooth and safe operation of the railway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding in the embodiment of the application.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding in the comparative example of the method.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a micrograph of the strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum in Example 1.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a micrograph of the ordinary ceramic corundum in Comparative Example 5.

[0040] Serial number Description: 1-1 super coating; 1-2 rubber coating layer; 1-3 electrostatic sanding layer; 1-4 gravity sanding layer; 1-5 bottom glue layer; 1-6 pre-coating layer; 1-7 base cloth layer; 1-8 back scraping layer.

[0041] 2-1 super coating; 2-2 rubber coating layer; 2-3 electrostatic sanding layer; 2-4 gravity sanding layer; 2-5 bottom glue layer; 2-6 base cloth layer; 2-7 back scraping layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The application will be further described below in combination with the examples.

[0043] In the specific embodiments of the present application, the phenolic resin used is produced by Taier Phenolic Resin (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., and the model is P805155A low aldehyde (P16B), P805158A (P11) or P805150A low aldehyde (P1A) phenolic resin, and the main component is water-soluble liquid phenolic resin; the silane coupling agent is KH-792 silane coupling agent produced by Shuguang Company, the emulsifier is sorbitan monolaurate, the dispersing agent is emulsifier Span S-20 purchased from Haian Petroleum Chemical Plant in Jiangsu Province, the black color paste is P050 black color paste purchased from Shiming Technology, and the blue color paste is A21 blue color paste purchased from Shiming Technology. The bar-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasive with a diameter of 800 microns in the examples is Receramax PRO ceramic abrasive purchased from Qingdao Recer New Material Technology Co., Ltd., the ordinary ceramic corundum abrasive with a diameter of 800 microns in the comparative examples is Receramax RE ceramic abrasive purchased from Qingdao Recer New Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the zirconium corundum is zirconium corundum AZ40 purchased from Saint-Gobain Ceramic Materials (Zhengzhou) Co., Ltd.

[0044] In the specific embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the back scratch layer of the base cloth is 0.7-0.8 mm, and the coating amount of each layer is as follows:

[0045] Precoating layer 100 g / m 2 , Primer layer 200 g / m 2 , Gravity sanding layer 300 g / m 2 , Electrostatic sanding layer 600 g / m 2 , Rubber coating layer 200 g / m 2 , Super coating layer 100 g / m 2 .

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the raw materials not specially specified are all conventional purchased products, and the preparation methods not specifically specified are all conventional methods in the art.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding is prepared by the following method:

[0049] (1) Base cloth pretreatment: the base cloth is subjected to cloth inspection and repair, rolling, singeing and high temperature setting treatment; wherein the high temperature setting treatment is high temperature setting of the base cloth in a high temperature setting machine at a temperature of 195℃;

[0050] (2) mixing PVA aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 20wt% and phenolic resin P805155A low aldehyde (P16B) according to a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a PVA-phenolic resin mixture, then dipping the pretreated base fabric in step (1) in the mixture, drying the base fabric impregnated with the PVA-phenolic resin mixture at 150℃ for 2 minutes, and then storing the dried base fabric for use;

[0051] (3) performing back scraping treatment on the back surface of the dried base fabric using a back scraping layer, and drying at 150℃ for 3 minutes to form the back scraping layer;

[0052] (4) coating a pre-coating layer on the front surface of the base fabric and drying, then coating a bottom glue layer, a gravity sand layer, and an electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer, and drying, then coating a re-coating layer and an over-coating layer, and drying again, wherein the drying temperature is 115℃ and the drying time is 60 minutes;

[0053] (5) after drying, curing in a curing oven at a temperature of 120℃ for 20 hours, and then rubbing and rolling, to obtain the special ceramic sand roll for rail grinding.

[0054] wherein the base fabric is a full polyester base fabric;

[0055] The back scraping layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805155A low aldehyde (P16B) 35 parts, acrylic resin 25 parts, 800-mesh heavy calcium carbonate 36.3 parts, black color paste 3 parts, and emulsifier 0.7 part.

[0056] The pre-coating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805150A low aldehyde (P1A) 65 parts, 800-mesh heavy calcium carbonate 34.5 parts, and leveling agent 0.5 part.

[0057] The bottom glue is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 55 parts, 800-mesh heavy calcium carbonate 44.5 parts, and silane coupling agent 0.5 part.

[0058] The gravity sand layer is calcined corundum with a particle size of 650 microns.

[0059] The re-coating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 45 parts, 800-mesh ice crystal 52.5 parts, blue color paste 2 parts, and silane coupling agent 0.5 part.

[0060] The over-coating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: epoxy resin 10 parts, polyimide 10 parts, blue color paste 2 parts, 400-mesh ice crystal 40 parts, potassium fluoborate 32 parts, silane coupling agent 1 part, and ethylene glycol ether 5 parts.

[0061] The electrostatic abrasive layer is composed of strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasive with a particle diameter of 800 microns.

[0062] The steel rail grinding special ceramic sand roll from top to bottom is super coating layer, rubberizing layer, electrostatic abrasive layer, gravity sanding layer, primer layer, pre-coating layer, base cloth layer and back scraping layer, like Figure 1 Wherein the electrostatic sanding layer is uniformly distributed in the super coating layer, rubberizing layer and primer layer, and protrudes from the surface of the sand roll.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A steel rail grinding special ceramic sand roll is prepared by the following method:

[0065] (1) Base cloth pretreatment: The base cloth is subjected to cloth inspection and repair, rolling, singeing and high-temperature setting treatment; wherein the high-temperature setting treatment is carried out in a high-temperature setting machine at a temperature of 190°C;

[0066] (2) A PVA aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 22wt% and a phenolic resin P805155A low aldehyde (P16B) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:4.5 to obtain a PVA-phenolic resin mixture, and then the pretreated base cloth in step (1) is immersed in the mixture. The base cloth immersed with the PVA-phenolic resin mixture is dried at 155°C for 2 minutes and then reserved;

[0067] (3) The back surface of the dried base cloth is subjected to back scraping treatment using a back scraping layer, and is dried at 150°C for 3 minutes to form a back scraping layer;

[0068] (4) The front surface of the base cloth is coated with a pre-coating layer and dried; then a primer layer, a gravity sanding layer and an electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer are coated and dried; then a rubberizing layer and a super coating layer are coated and dried again, and the drying temperature is 110°C and the drying time is 70 minutes;

[0069] (5) After drying, the base cloth is cured in a curing oven at a temperature of 120°C for 20 hours, and then subjected to rubbing and rolling to obtain the steel rail grinding special ceramic sand roll.

[0070] The base cloth is a full polyester base cloth;

[0071] The back scraping layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805155A low aldehyde (P16B) 40 parts, acrylic resin 20 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 36.5 parts, black paste 3 parts, and emulsifier 0.5 part.

[0072] The pre-coating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805150A low aldehyde (P1A) 60 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 39.5 parts, and leveling agent 0.5 part.

[0073] The primer is mixed by the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 50 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 49.5 parts, and silane coupling agent 0.5 part.

[0074] The gravity sanding layer is calcined corundum with a particle size of 650 microns.

[0075] The rubber compound is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 40 parts, 800 mesh ice crystal 57.5 parts, blue paste 2 parts, and silane coupling agent 0.5 parts.

[0076] The super coating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: epoxy resin 15 parts, polyimide 10 parts, blue paste 2 parts, 400 mesh ice crystal 30 parts, potassium fluoborate 37 parts, silane coupling agent 1 part, and ethylene glycol ether 5 parts.

[0077] The electrostatic abrasive layer is composed of strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasive with a particle diameter of 800 microns.

[0078] The ceramic sand roll for rail grinding is sequentially provided from top to bottom with a super coating layer, a rubber compound layer, an electrostatic abrasive layer, a gravity sanding layer, a primer layer, a pre-coating layer, a base cloth layer, and a back scraping layer, such as Figure 1 .

[0079] Example 3

[0080] A ceramic sand roll for rail grinding is prepared by the following method:

[0081] (1) Base cloth pretreatment: The base cloth is subjected to cloth inspection and repair, rolling, singeing, and high-temperature setting treatment; wherein the high-temperature setting treatment is performed in a high-temperature setting machine at a temperature of 190°C;

[0082] (2) A PVA aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 25wt% and phenolic resin P805155A low aldehyde (P16B) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5 to obtain a PVA-phenolic resin mixture, and then the pretreated base cloth in step (1) is immersed in the mixture. The base cloth immersed with the PVA-phenolic resin mixture is dried at 140°C for 3 minutes and then reserved;

[0083] (3) The back surface of the dried base cloth is subjected to back scraping treatment using a back scraping layer, and is dried at 150°C for 3 minutes to form a back scraping layer;

[0084] (4) A pre-coating layer is coated on the front surface of the base cloth and dried, then a primer layer, a gravity sanding layer, and an electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer are coated and dried, then a rubber compound layer and a super coating layer are coated and dried again, and the drying temperature is 115°C and the drying time is 70 minutes;

[0085] (5) After drying, the base cloth is cured in a curing oven at a temperature of 120°C for 20 hours, and then is subjected to rubbing and rolling to obtain the ceramic sand roll for rail grinding.

[0086] The base cloth is a full polyester base cloth.

[0087] The back scratch layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805155A low formaldehyde (P16B) 40 parts, acrylic resin 15 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 41.5 parts, black paste 3 parts, emulsifier 0.5 parts.

[0088] The pre-coat layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805150A low formaldehyde (P1A) 55 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 44.5 parts, leveling agent 0.5 parts.

[0089] The base adhesive is mixed from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 55 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 44 parts, silane coupling agent 1 part.

[0090] The gravity sanding layer is calcined corundum with a particle size of 650 microns.

[0091] The overcoat is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin P805158A (P11) 42 parts, 800 mesh ice crystals 56 parts, blue paste 1.5 parts, silane coupling agent 0.5 parts.

[0092] The super-coat is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: epoxy resin 10 parts, polyimide 15 parts, blue paste 2 parts, 400 mesh ice crystals 35 parts, potassium fluoborate 32 parts, silane coupling agent 1 part, ethylene glycol ether 5 parts.

[0093] The electrostatic abrasive layer is composed of strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasive with a particle diameter of 800 microns.

[0094] The ceramic sand roll special for rail grinding, from top to bottom, is a super-coat, an overcoat, an electrostatic abrasive layer, a gravity sanding layer, a base adhesive layer, a pre-coat layer, a base cloth layer, and a back scratch layer, as shown in Figure 1 .

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] A ceramic sand roll special for rail grinding, the preparation method is as in Example 1, the difference is that the sand roll of Comparative Example 1 does not include a pre-coat layer.

[0097] The structure of the ceramic sand roll special for rail grinding is as shown in Figure 2 , from top to bottom, is a super-coat, an overcoat, an electrostatic sanding layer, a gravity sanding layer, a base adhesive layer, a base cloth layer, and a back scratch layer, wherein the electrostatic sanding layer is uniformly distributed in the super-coat, the overcoat, and the base adhesive layer, and protrudes from the surface of the sand roll.

[0098] Comparative Example 2

[0099] A zirconia alumina abrasive roll for metal grinding, prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that Comparative Example 2 does not contain an overcoat layer, and the electrostatic abrasive layer of Comparative Example 2 is composed of zirconia alumina abrasive with a particle diameter of 800 microns.

[0100] Comparative Example 3

[0101] A ceramic abrasive roll for rail grinding, prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the precoat layer of Comparative Example 3 does not contain a leveling agent.

[0102] Comparative Example 4

[0103] A ceramic abrasive roll for rail grinding, prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the overcoat layer of Comparative Example 4 does not contain a silane coupling agent.

[0104] Comparative Example 5

[0105] A ceramic abrasive roll for rail grinding, prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the electrostatic abrasive layer of Comparative Example 5 is composed of ordinary ceramic alumina abrasive with a particle diameter of 800 microns.

[0106] The abrasive rolls prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were cut into single-joint abrasive belts for performance testing, including wear resistance (abrasive belt grinding rate per hour, reflecting the service life of the abrasive belt), hardness (microhardness Vickers), high temperature resistance (blue color represents burn), breaking strength (N / cm), 600N longitudinal elongation (the lower the better).

[0107] Table 1

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] As can be seen from Table 1, the abrasive belt prepared in Comparative Example 1 without a precoat layer has poor wear resistance, which is due to the fact that the abrasive grains of the abrasive belt without a precoat layer are easy to fall off, reducing the friction properties and service life of the abrasive belt.

[0111] The use of zirconia alumina abrasive in Comparative Example 2 without an overcoat layer results in insufficient sharpness of the abrasive, a decrease in grinding force, no high temperature protection of the overcoat layer, and a very short service life, with wear resistance being only 50% of that of Example 1.

[0112] The precoat layer of Comparative Example 3 does not use a leveling agent, resulting in a 10% decrease in overall breaking strength and a 10-15% decrease in service life.

[0113] The elongation of the super coating of Comparative Example 4, which does not use a silane coupling agent, is increased by 40%, the deformation is relatively large, the service life is decreased by 20%, and the high temperature resistance is reduced due to the change of the super coating formula.

[0114] The abrasive used in Comparative Example 5 is ordinary ceramic corundum, which has poor sharpness, resulting in reduced wear resistance.

[0115] Microscopic analysis is performed on the strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum in Example 1 and the ordinary ceramic corundum in Comparative Example 5, and the microscopic photograph of the strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum is as shown in Figure 3 ; and the microscopic photograph of the ordinary ceramic corundum is as shown in Figure 4 It can be seen that the strip-shaped nanocrystalline ceramic corundum used in Example 1 has higher sharpness.

[0116] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, some improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a ceramic sand roll dedicated to rail grinding, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) base cloth pretreatment: the base cloth is subjected to cloth inspection and repair, rolling, singeing and high temperature setting treatment; (2) mixing PVA aqueous solution and phenolic resin to obtain a PVA-phenolic resin mixture, then dipping the pretreated base cloth in step (1) in the mixture, and drying the dipped base cloth at 120-180℃ for 1-3 minutes before use; (3) back scraping treatment is performed on the back of the dried base cloth using a back scraping layer, and drying at 80-180℃ for 1-4 minutes to form a back scraping layer; (4) applying a pre-coating layer on the front surface of the base cloth, drying, then applying a primer layer, gravity sand layer and electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer, drying, then applying a re-coating layer and super-coating layer, and drying again; (5) after drying, curing treatment is performed, and finally rubbing, rolling are performed to obtain the ceramic sand roll for rail grinding; The pre-coating layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 45-75 parts, heavy calcium carbonate 20-40 parts, leveling agent 0.1-1 part; the particle size of the heavy calcium carbonate is 400 mesh or 800 mesh; The back scraping layer in step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 25-45 parts, acrylic resin 15-30 parts, 800 mesh heavy calcium carbonate 20-50 parts, color paste 1-5 parts, emulsifier 0.5-1 part; The primer layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 40-75 parts, heavy calcium carbonate 30-50 parts, silane coupling agent 0.1-1 part; the particle size of the heavy calcium carbonate is 400 mesh or 800 mesh; The re-coating layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phenolic resin 40-65 parts, ice 30-80 parts, color paste 1-3 parts, silane coupling agent 0-0.5 parts; the particle size of the ice is 400 mesh or 800 mesh; The super-coating layer in step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: epoxy resin 5-20 parts, polyimide 10-30 parts, color paste 1-5 parts, 400 mesh ice 0-70 parts, potassium fluoborate 25-60 parts, silane coupling agent 0.5-1.5 parts, ethylene glycol ether 5-10 parts.

2. The method of manufacturing a steel rail grinding specialty ceramic abrasive roll according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass concentration of the PVA aqueous solution in step (2) is 15-25 wt%; the mass ratio of the PVA aqueous solution to phenolic resin is 1:1~1:

5.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the steel rail grinding specialty ceramic abrasive roll is prepared by the steps of: The drying temperature in step (4) is 85-120℃, and the time is 60-120 min.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the steel rail grinding specialty ceramic abrasive roll is prepared by the steps of: The gravity sand in step (4) is calcined brown corundum with a particle size of 70-800 microns; The electrostatic adsorption abrasive layer is composed of nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasives in the form of thick sheets or strips, and the particle size of the nanocrystalline ceramic corundum abrasives is 100-1000 microns.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the steel rail grinding specialty ceramic abrasive roll is prepared by the steps of: The curing temperature in step (5) is 120℃, and the time is 5-40 h.

6. A ceramic sand roll dedicated to rail grinding, characterized in that, The ceramic sand roll is prepared by any one of the methods in claims 1-5, and the ceramic sand roll comprises, from top to bottom, a super-coating layer, a re-coating layer, an electrostatic sand layer, a gravity sand layer, a primer layer, a pre-coating layer, a base cloth layer and a back scraping layer.

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