Power Allocation Method and System for Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Artificial Potential Field

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of a hybrid energy storage system composed of a fuel cell and an electrical energy storage device, and discloses a power distribution method and system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field. The present invention uses a low-pass filter to divide the load current into low-frequency and high-frequency parts, and distributes them to the fuel cell and the electrical energy storage device respectively. In order to determine the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter, an artificial potential field is constructed, and two virtual forces are defined according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the absolute value of the power change rate of the fuel cell; then, the two virtual forces are weighted and summed to obtain a power distribution factor; in addition, the parameters of the virtual force and the power distribution factor are dynamically adjusted according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the absolute value of the power change rate of the fuel cell; the power distribution factor is the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component in the load current spectrum to the total area of the spectrum, and is used to calculate the cut-off frequency. The present invention effectively controls the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and reduces the power change rate of the fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of a hybrid energy storage system of a fuel cell and an electrical energy storage device, and particularly relates to a power distribution method and system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of carbon neutrality, the global automotive industry urgently needs to explore new energy fuels to reduce dependence on traditional petrochemical fuels. As a new energy source, hydrogen has the advantages of cleanness, pollution-free, wide sources, and high combustion energy. Due to its high energy conversion efficiency and clean operation, the fuel cell (FC) has become the main form of hydrogen energy application and has attracted much attention. Considering that the power output of the fuel cell is slow and it is difficult to recover and regenerate braking energy, using the fuel cell in combination with an electrical energy storage device is considered a good choice. For vehicles using a hybrid energy storage system, traditional filtering methods use a low-pass filter (LPF) or a high-pass filter to divide the load power into a high-frequency part and a low-frequency part, and distribute them to the electrical energy storage device and the FC in the hybrid energy storage system respectively.

[0003] However, if the cut-off frequency of the filter is fixed, it may not be suitable for all driving conditions, resulting in unreasonable power distribution and possibly affecting the performance of the hybrid energy storage system. For example, it may not be able to ensure that the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device remains within a reasonable range during an operating cycle, or increase the power change rate of the FC, affecting the service life of the FC. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a power distribution method and system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field. Since the cut-off frequency of the traditional filter is fixed, it may not be suitable for all driving conditions, resulting in unreasonable power distribution. When the technical solution provided by the present invention is applied to a hybrid energy storage system, it can solve the problem of improper energy management caused by a fixed frequency in the related art.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution method for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field, which is applied to the hybrid energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system is applied to a carrier tool and / or a renewable energy system. The carrier tool includes one or more of a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a ship, and an airplane. The renewable energy system includes one or more of a power grid and a microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. The electrical energy storage device includes one or more of a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery. The fuel cell includes one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell. The method includes: obtaining a reference bus current of the hybrid energy storage system, a load current spectrum, a current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and a current power change rate of the fuel cell; determining a current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determining a current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor and the load current spectrum. The current power distribution factor is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; dividing the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and respectively allocating them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

[0006] In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell includes: determining a current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to a current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and a preset reference state of charge; determining a current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to a current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the power change rate; and determining the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to a current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and a preset reference state of charge includes: determining a current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; adjusting the current charging parameter by a first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain an adjusted charging parameter; performing an arcsine function transformation on the adjusted charging parameter to obtain an initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor; and linearly adjusting the initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor by a second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter. Wherein, the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter includes the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the current power distribution parameter of the electrical energy storage according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: if the current state of charge is in the target state of charge, obtaining the current target state of charge duration parameter of the target state of charge and the preset target state of charge duration parameter, where in the target state of charge, the current state of charge is greater than the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is less than the lower threshold of the reference state of charge; determining a second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the ratio of the current target state of charge duration parameter to the preset target state of charge duration parameter, and determining a first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, the sum of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient being a first preset value; determining the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determining the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; and determining the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the current power distribution parameter of the electrical energy storage according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: if the current state of charge is less than or equal to the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is greater than or equal to the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, obtaining a preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and a preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; taking the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, and taking the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; and determining the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate includes: adjusting the current power change rate through the first fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain an adjusted fuel cell parameter; performing an arctangent function transformation on the adjusted fuel cell parameter to obtain an initial fuel cell power distribution factor; adjusting the initial fuel cell power distribution factor through the second fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the current fuel cell power distribution parameter; wherein the current fuel cell adjustment parameter includes the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, the method further includes: if the current power change rate is in a target power change state, obtaining the current target power change state duration parameter of the target power change state and a preset target power change state duration parameter, and in the target power change state, the power change rate is greater than a preset power change rate threshold; determining a second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the ratio of the current target power change state duration parameter to the preset target power change state duration parameter, and determining a first fuel cell adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and the sum of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is a second preset value; determining the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter according to the product of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous first fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter; determining the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter according to the product of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter; determining the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, the method further includes: if the current power change rate is less than or equal to the preset power change rate threshold, obtaining a preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter and a preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter; taking the preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter as the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and taking the preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the second fuel cell adjustment parameter; determining the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter includes: if the current power change rate is greater than a preset power change rate threshold, determining a power change rate difference according to the current power change rate and the preset power change rate threshold; inputting the power change rate difference into an exponential function to obtain an exponential function value; determining a current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and a preset reference state of charge; determining a total number of weight updates according to the current charging parameter and the exponential function value; determining a second factor adjustment parameter as the proportion of the exponential function value in the total number of weight updates; determining the first factor adjustment parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter; adjusting the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain an electrical energy storage power distribution factor; adjusting the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain a fuel cell power distribution factor; and adding the electrical energy storage power distribution factor and the fuel cell power distribution factor to obtain the current power distribution factor.

[0014] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a power distribution system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field, which is applied to the hybrid energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system is applied to a vehicle and / or a renewable energy system. The vehicle includes one or more of a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a ship, and an airplane. The renewable energy system includes one or more of a power grid and a microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. The electrical energy storage device includes one or more of a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery. The fuel cell includes one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell. The system includes: an acquisition module, configured to acquire a reference bus current, a load current spectrum, a current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and a current power change rate of the fuel cell of the hybrid energy storage system; a current cut-off frequency determination module, configured to determine a current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determine a current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor and the load current spectrum. The current power distribution factor is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; and a distribution module, configured to divide the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and respectively allocate them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hybrid power system, which includes a hybrid energy storage system and a hybrid energy storage system power distribution system based on artificial potential field as described in any of the above embodiments. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell.

[0016] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0018] In the solution implemented by the above-provided hybrid energy storage system power distribution method and system based on artificial potential field, the hybrid energy storage system power distribution method based on artificial potential field determines the current power distribution factor by obtaining the reference bus current, load current spectrum, current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and current power change rate of the fuel cell of the hybrid energy storage system. Subsequently, the load current spectrum is divided to obtain the current cut-off frequency of the current low-pass filter, and the reference bus current is divided into high-frequency load current and low-frequency load current, which are respectively supplied to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell for load power distribution. By adjusting the current cut-off frequency according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the power change rate of the fuel cell, the power distribution adapts to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device of the hybrid energy storage system and the power change rate of the fuel cell to adjust the current cut-off frequency of the filter. By adopting a non-fixed cut-off frequency, the performance of the hybrid energy storage system can be improved, the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device can be ensured to be within a reasonable range within an operating cycle, the power change rate of the fuel cell can be reduced, the degradation of the fuel cell can be alleviated, and the life and economy of the fuel cell can be improved. Description of the Drawings

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2A flowchart diagram of the power distribution method for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the principle of an energy management system for a hybrid vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a power distribution system for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a hybrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] It should be known that the "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present invention are not necessarily used to describe a specific order of sequence, but are used to distinguish similar objects. When distinguishing similar objects with "first", "second", etc., the "first" and "second" they identify can be adjusted and interchanged under appropriate circumstances. The "multiple" described in the present invention refers to two or more without clear indication. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the "determining B according to A" may be determining B only according to A, or determining B in combination with other information according to A.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electrical energy storage device takes the supercapacitor SC as an example. Figure 1 It is the topology of the FC / SC hybrid energy storage system in the context of the power system of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. As Figure 1 shown, the vehicle is powered by at least a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (energy storage battery), wherein the fuel cell current I from one end of the fuel cell fc passes through the first fuel cell resistor R fc1 and the first fuel cell inductor L fc1, power the load through a Boost converter. The Boost converter (step-up converter) includes a fuel cell second resistor R fc2 , a fuel cell second inductor L fc2 , a fuel cell switch D fc , the output terminal of the fuel cell first inductor L fc1 is connected to one end of the fuel cell capacitor C fc , and the other end of the fuel cell is connected to the other end of the fuel cell capacitor C fc . The supercapacitor current I sc from one end of the supercapacitor powers the load through a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter. The bidirectional Buck-Boost converter includes a supercapacitor resistor R sc , a supercapacitor inductor L sc , a supercapacitor switch D sc . One end of the DC bus capacitor C bus is connected to the output terminal of the Boost converter and the output terminal of the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter. The other end of the DC bus capacitor C bus is connected to the other end of the fuel cell and the other end of the supercapacitor. The DC bus current I bus is provided by the fuel cell and / or the supercapacitor.

[0029] The load can be a device such as a vehicle motor. The disturbance brought by this load can be called device disturbance, which is mainly dominated by the load current I load . The load power is divided into a high-frequency part and a low-frequency part through a low-pass filter, etc. The bus voltage V bus distributes them to the electrical energy storage device and the FC in the hybrid energy storage system respectively. As mentioned above, since the filter cut-off frequency is fixed, it will lead to unreasonable power distribution, affect the performance of the hybrid energy storage system, and cannot ensure that the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device remains within a reasonable range during an operating cycle, and will increase the power change rate of the fuel cell, resulting in fuel cell degradation, affecting the life and economy of the FC.

[0030] To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution method. This method or the power distribution device and hybrid power system in other embodiments can be applied to various scenarios, including but not limited to energy storage scenarios such as transportation tools and renewable energy systems. The transportation tools include but are not limited to: vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc., such as passenger cars, trucks, buses, ships, airplanes and other transportation tools; the renewable energy system includes but is not limited to: power grids, microgrids, etc. As an example, this method can be applied to the vehicle hybrid energy storage system of a hybrid vehicle.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 2 as shown, Figure 2This is a flowchart diagram of a power distribution method for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The power distribution method for the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field can be applied to a hybrid energy storage system, which at least includes an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. Among them, the electrical energy storage device includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a supercapacitor SC, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, a solid-state battery, etc.; the fuel cell (Fuel Cell, FC) includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell, etc. As Figure 2 shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0032] Step S210, obtain the reference bus current of the hybrid energy storage system, the load current spectrum, the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and the current power change rate of the fuel cell.

[0033] The acquisition methods of the load current spectrum and the reference bus current can be implemented by methods known to those skilled in the art. The reference bus current can be obtained by the PI control method provided in the following embodiments, or can be obtained by other methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] The current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell can be through the constructed artificial potential field, taking the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell as two of the virtual forces, and the load power distribution factor K sc is determined as the weighted sum of the virtual forces, and then the parameters related to the virtual forces and the power distribution factor are dynamically adjusted through dynamic parameters to achieve dynamic and reasonable power distribution.

[0035] As an example, when the method is applied to a hybrid vehicle, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of an energy management system for a hybrid vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 3 shown, the acquisition method of the reference bus current can refer to the following method. The energy management system for the hybrid vehicle provided in this embodiment includes a first PI controller ( Figure 3 the PI shown on the far left in the figure), a filter ( Figure 3 taking LPF as an example in the figure), a second PI controller ( Figure 3 the PI shown above the right in the figure), a third PI controller ( Figure 3 the PI shown below the right in the figure), a Boost converter (shown as Boost in the figure), and a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter (shown as Buck-Boost in the figure), where: the input end of the first PI controller inputs the bus voltage V at the previous momentbus and the reference voltage V at the current moment ref , the output end of the first PI controller is connected to the input end of the filter LPF. The output end of the first PI controller is also connected to the output end of the filter LPF and the input end of the third PI controller. The output end of the filter LPF is also connected to the input end of the second PI controller. The output end of the second PI controller is connected to the input end of the Boost converter. The output end of the third PI controller is connected to the input end of the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter. The output ends of the Boost converter and the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter are connected to the bus DC bus, where: the bus voltage V at the previous moment bus and the reference voltage V at the current moment ref are input into the first PI controller to obtain the reference bus current (it can be considered that this reference bus current is the reference bus current at the current moment). This reference bus current is input into the filter LPF to obtain the reference fuel cell current The reference fuel cell current and the theoretical fuel cell current determined by the current fuel cell current I fc are subjected to PI control by the second PI controller, and the second PI control result is input into the Boost converter; based on the reference fuel cell current and the reference bus current the reference current of the electrical energy storage device is determined According to the reference current of the electrical energy storage device and the theoretical current of the electrical energy storage device determined by the current current I of the electrical energy storage device sc and input it into the third PI controller for PI control, and input the third PI control result into the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter; through the first output result of the Boost converter, the second output result of the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the load current I load the bus current I at the current moment is determined bus , and the bus voltage V at the current moment is obtained bus , and the load power of the fuel cell and the electrical energy storage device is allocated through the bus voltage V at the current moment bus . Among them, the cut-off frequency of the filter LPF is obtained based on adaptive power distribution, that is, the determination method of the current cut-off frequency in the power distribution method provided in this embodiment, rather than a preset fixed frequency. Specifically, reference can be made to the description of the following embodiments, which will not be elaborated here. The reference bus current can be obtained in the above manner. Those skilled in the art can also combine the specific scenario to which this method is applied and adopt other methods known to those skilled in the art to obtain the reference bus current.

[0036] The current state of charge (SOC) of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell can also be collected in a manner known to those skilled in the art, which will not be limited here. As an example, the state of charge can be expressed as a percentage, regarded as the numerical representation of the remaining percentage. The current power change rate is the power change rate of the fuel cell per unit time. As an example, it can be determined by the change rate of the current of the fuel cell. Since there are differences in the current state of charge and the current power change rate at different times under different operating scenarios of the hybrid energy storage system, as an example, the "current" referred to in the above technical features can be understood as the current power change rate and the current state of charge determined most recently when power allocation is to be performed in a real-time application scenario, or it can also be understood as the real-time state of charge and power change rate. However, it should be noted that the "real-time" here is the "real-time" in the technical implementation field, not the "real-time" in the philosophical sense (it is almost impossible to achieve the real-time in the philosophical sense in the technical field), and the data obtained from the most recent sampling that meets certain time requirements (less than a certain time distance from the current time) specified by those skilled in the art when the technology is implemented can be used as real-time data.

[0037] Step S220, determine the current power allocation factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determine the current cut-off frequency according to the current power allocation factor and the load current spectrum.

[0038] Since the power allocation obviously cannot exceed 1 or be less than 0, the current power allocation factor is greater than or equal to 0 and the current power allocation factor is less than or equal to 1. Let the current power allocation factor be represented by K sc Then 0 ≤ K sc ≤ 1.

[0039] As an example, the current power allocation factor represents the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component allocated to the electrical energy storage device in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum, or the ratio of the area of the low-frequency component allocated to the fuel cell in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum.

[0040] For example, the current power distribution factor is the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component allocated to the electrical energy storage device such as the SC in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum. Of course, as another example, since a part of the total spectrum area is the high-frequency component of the electrical energy storage device and another part is the low-frequency component of the fuel cell, the current power distribution factor can also be regarded as the ratio of the area of the low-frequency component allocated to the FC in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum. The specific calculation method only involves reciprocal conversion or addition and subtraction conversion in the data formula, and should be regarded as a simple replacement of the technical features of this solution. It should be noted that the "high frequency" and "low frequency" here are high and low relative to the current cut-off frequency. Please continue to refer to Figure 3 which provides an example of a load current spectrum, where 1-K sc is the low-frequency part, and K sc is the high-frequency part.

[0041] In one embodiment, determining the current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor of the electrical energy storage device and the load current spectrum of the fuel cell includes: determining the total spectrum area according to the load current spectrum, determining the first allocated area based on the product of the total spectrum area and the current power distribution factor, and dividing the load current spectrum in the frequency dimension by the first allocated area to obtain the load current frequency corresponding to the first allocated area, which is used as the current cut-off frequency. If the current power distribution factor represents the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component allocated to the electrical energy storage device such as the SC in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum, then when dividing the load current spectrum in the frequency dimension by the first allocated area, it is divided from a higher frequency to a lower frequency. Otherwise, if the current power distribution factor represents the ratio of the area of the low-frequency component allocated to the FC in the load current spectrum to the total area of the load current spectrum, then when dividing the load current spectrum in the frequency dimension by the first allocated area, it is divided from a lower frequency to a higher frequency.

[0042] Please continue to refer to Figure 3 in Figure 3 in the adaptive power distribution part, an example of the load current spectrum is given, where the abscissa is the frequency of the load current (frequency domain, f(H:)), and the ordinate is the amplitude of the load current. Taking K sc as the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component allocated to the SC in the load current spectrum to the total spectrum area, by dividing the area, the current cut-off frequency f c is found. Giving the current cut-off frequency f c to the filter LPF, and filtering the reference bus current c according to the current cut-off frequency f .

[0043] As an example, different current power distribution factors corresponding to different current state of charge and current power change rate can be preset in advance, and then the current power distribution factor can be determined by means such as looking up a table, etc., so as to realize the adjustment of the cut-off frequency according to different load current spectra, different current state of charge and current power change rate.

[0044] In another embodiment, it can also be calculated in real time through certain calculation rules, so that the obtained data is more accurate and has better precision. Determining the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge and the current power change rate includes: determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate; determining the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter.

[0045] Among them, the preset reference state of charge can be preset by those skilled in the art according to the relevant parameters of the electrical energy storage device, or can be calculated through the preset calculation rules of those skilled in the art. The preset calculation rules can be calculated in combination with parameters such as the charge and discharge times of the electrical energy storage device and the operating ambient temperature. The preset reference state of charge is similar to the current state of charge and can both be set as a percentage. It should be known that the state of charge is also a percentage greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. The preset reference state of charge can be the reference SOC for the expected operation of the electrical energy storage device.

[0046] For the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current fuel cell adjustment parameter, they can be determined by the way preset by those skilled in the art, and can be a set or multiple sets of fixed values, but their flexibility is not good. It can also be dynamically adjusted for the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current fuel cell adjustment parameter through the method provided in the following embodiments, so as to realize a more flexible determination of the current cut-off frequency.

[0047] The current power distribution factor can be the weighted sum of the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter.

[0048] In one embodiment, determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge includes: determining the current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; adjusting the current charging parameter by the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain an adjusted charging parameter; performing an arcsine function transformation on the adjusted charging parameter to obtain an initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor; linearly adjusting the initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor by the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter; wherein the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter includes the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0049] The adjustment of the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter by the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter is more flexible, and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter can linearly scale and adjust the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter.

[0050] Continuing with the above embodiment, an example of a method for determining the current charging parameter is as follows:

[0051] x = SOC - SOC ref Equation (1);

[0052] where x is the current charging parameter, SOC is the current state of charge, and SOC ref is the preset reference state of charge. The value of the preset reference state of charge SOC ref can be a reference SOC for the expected operation of the electrical energy storage device set by those skilled in the art, such as 60%.

[0053] Continuing with the above embodiment, an example of a method for determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] where F sc is the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter, is a preset constant, and here only is taken as an example. Those skilled in the art can replace it with other set values. k a is the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, arcsin() is the arcsine function, ω a is the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, and x is the current charging parameter.

[0056] k a and ω a are two adjustment factors. Although k a linearly scales F sc up and down, ω a can be used to adjust F sc in a more flexible manner. For a given x, as ω aWith the increase of F sc The slope of increases, which means F sc Is more sensitive to ω a . When the SOC deviates from SOC ref (i.e., x is non-zero), a virtual force is generated that is positive (when x > 0) or negative (when x < 0), attempting to bring the SOC back to SOC ref . This can help keep the state of charge (SOC) of electrical energy storage devices (including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, etc.) within a reasonable range during an operating cycle and maintain it unchanged after the cycle ends.

[0057] As mentioned in the above embodiments, the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter can be a set or multiple sets of pre-set values, or they can be dynamic parameters. When they are multiple sets of fixed values, the values can be associated with the current state of charge, and subsequently, which set of values to select is determined based on the current state of charge.

[0058] Continuing from the above embodiments, if more flexible adjustment of the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter is required to be closer to the user's needs, at this time, before determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter based on the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: if the current state of charge is in the target state of charge, obtaining the current target state of charge duration parameter and the preset target state of charge duration parameter of the target state of charge, where the current state of charge in the target state of charge is greater than the reference state of charge upper threshold, or the current state of charge is less than the reference state of charge lower threshold; determining the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the ratio of the current target state of charge duration parameter and the preset target state of charge duration parameter, and determining the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, where the sum of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is a first preset value; determining the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determining the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determining the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0059] In other words, if the current state of charge is too high or too low, the fixed current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter may no longer be applicable. At this time, the adjustment coefficient of the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter can be determined according to the current target state of charge duration parameter characterizing its continuous state, such as the duration of the current state of charge being in the target state of charge, and the preset target state of charge duration parameter, and then the parameter change amount can be obtained. In this way, for extreme cases (the current state of charge is in the target state of charge), the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter can be adjusted, and then the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter can be adjusted, so as to realize the adjustment of the power allocated to the electrical energy storage device.

[0060] The current target state of charge duration parameter can be measured according to the measurement method set by those skilled in the art. For example, it can be measured through the time dimension or the counting dimension, etc.

[0061] Taking the first preset value as 1 in the time dimension, when it is monitored that the current state of charge first enters the target state of charge, the timing starts. At this time, the current target state of charge duration parameter can be considered as 0, and the preset target state of charge duration parameter is a time value preset by those skilled in the art, such as 10 seconds. Then the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is 0, and no adjustment is made for the time being. For example, the preset current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter is applied. Since the current state of charge has just jumped at this time, if the sampling frequency is high enough, not making an adjustment once has little impact on the whole. Or those skilled in the art can also set a separate adjustment strategy for the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter when jumping to the target state of charge. At this time, the target state of charge is that the current state of charge is greater than the upper threshold of the reference state of charge or less than the lower threshold of the reference state of charge when monitored for the second time and later. If it is monitored that the current state of charge enters the target state of charge for the second time, and the elapsed time from the first time entering the target state of charge is 0.1 seconds, then the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is 0.1 / 10 = 0.01. The first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is 1 - 0.01 = 0.99. The process stops until the current target state of charge duration parameter reaches 10 seconds or the current state of charge is no longer in the target state of charge. The monitoring of whether the current state of charge is in the target state of charge is restarted. The first preset value can also be other values set by those skilled in the art. This is only an example here.

[0062] Taking the measurement in terms of the counting dimension as an example, when it is detected that the current state of charge first enters the target state of charge, counting starts. At this time, the current target state of charge duration parameter can be considered as 0. After that, each time it is detected, the count value is incremented by 1. The preset target state of charge duration parameter is a count value preset by those skilled in the art, such as 100. This continues until the current target state of charge duration parameter reaches 100 or the current state of charge is no longer in the target state of charge.

[0063] The unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient can be equal or unequal, and those skilled in the art can set specific values according to needs.

[0064] As an example, starting from when the current state of charge is in the target state of charge, the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter is updated as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, is the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter after the (current) N + 1th update, is the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter after the (previous) Nth update, θ1 is the unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and c1 is the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient. is the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter after the (current) N + 1th update, is the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter after the (previous) Nth update, θ2 is the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and c2 is the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient. N is the index of the parameter sample. It can be understood that starting from the first time it is detected that the current state of charge enters the target state of charge, the Nth time it is continuously detected that the current state of charge enters the target state of charge. is the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, is the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0067] As an example, taking the time dimension as the measurement, with the first preset value being 1, the sampling frequency of the continuous signal of the current state of charge such as SC SOC is 10 Hz (or the equivalent sampling interval is 0.1 s). Therefore, the parameters of different samples (such as k a and ω a ) may be different. c1 and c2 are two multipliers of ω a and k a respectively. Their calculation formulas are c2 = G / G o and c1 = 1 - c2, where G is the time elapsed during a specific optimization process with a duration of G o . Assuming the preset target state of charge duration parameter G o= 100. Since the sampling interval is 0.1 s, it is equivalent to a duration of 10 s. The unit increment of the parameter is set to θ1 = θ2 = 0.001. In the early stage of the parameter optimization process, the current target state of charge duration parameter G is relatively small (e.g., G = 5). Therefore, c2 is relatively small (e.g., when G = 5, c2 = 0.05), while c1 is relatively large (e.g., when c2 = 0.05, c1 = 0.95). Therefore, ω a is updated with a relatively large increment, while k a has a relatively small increment. This is because compared with k a , F sc is more sensitive to ω a . Therefore, the optimization process first adjusts ω a to update F sc .

[0068] In another example, the preset target state of charge duration parameter G o and the current target state of charge duration parameter G both refer to the number of samples, rather than absolute time (in seconds). Other calculation logics can refer to the above embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0069] If the current state of charge is greater than the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is less than the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, it is determined that the current state of charge is in the target state of charge.

[0070] One example of the determination method of the upper threshold of the reference state of charge is:

[0071] SOC upper = (SOC max + SOC ref ) / 2 Equation (5);

[0072] where SOC upper is the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, SOC ref is the preset reference state of charge, SOC max is the maximum state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and this SOC max is the maximum SOC, beyond which SC is not allowed to charge further.

[0073] One example of the determination method of the lower threshold of the reference state of charge is:

[0074] SOC lower = (SOC ref + SOC min ) / 2 Equation (6);

[0075] where SOC lower is the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, SOC refis a preset reference state of charge, SOC min is the minimum state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, SOC min is the minimum SOC, below which the SC is not allowed to discharge further.

[0076] As an example, the minimum state of charge of the electrical energy storage device can be 20%, and the maximum state of charge of the electrical energy storage device can be 80%.

[0077] The above gives the solution for the current state of charge being in the target state of charge. For the case where the current state of charge is not in the target state of charge, that is, for the case where the current state of charge is less than or equal to the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is greater than or equal to the lower threshold of the reference state of charge. At this time, before determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: if the current state of charge is less than or equal to the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is greater than or equal to the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, obtain the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; use the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, and use the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determine the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter. That is, at this time, the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter preset by those skilled in the art is adopted. As mentioned in the foregoing embodiments, the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter preset by those skilled in the art can be one set or multiple sets. When there are multiple sets, it can be selected according to the current operating environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.).

[0078] In one embodiment, determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate includes: adjusting the current power change rate through the first fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the adjusted fuel cell parameter; performing an arctangent function transformation on the adjusted fuel cell parameter to obtain the initial fuel cell power distribution factor; adjusting the initial fuel cell power distribution factor through the second fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the current fuel cell power distribution parameter; wherein, the current fuel cell adjustment parameter includes the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0079] The first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter are two adjustment factors. For a given current power change rate, as the first fuel cell adjustment parameter increases, the current fuel cell power distribution parameter saturates faster, that is, the current fuel cell power distribution parameter is more sensitive to the first fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0080] Continuing from the above embodiments, an exemplary method for determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameters is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Wherein, F fc is the current fuel cell power distribution parameter, is a preset constant. Here, only is taken as an example. Those skilled in the art can replace it with other set values. k b is the second fuel cell adjustment parameter, arctan() is the arctangent function, is a preset constant. Here, only is taken as an example. Those skilled in the art can replace it with other set values. ω b is the first fuel cell adjustment parameter, is the current power change rate.

[0083] As mentioned in the above embodiments, the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter can be a set of or multiple sets of pre-set values, or they can be dynamic parameters. When they are multiple sets of fixed values, the values can be associated with the current power change rate, and subsequently, which set of values to select is determined based on the current power change rate.

[0084] Continuing with the above embodiments, if more flexible adjustment of the current fuel cell adjustment parameters is required to better meet user needs, before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameters based on the current fuel cell adjustment parameters and the current power change rate, the method further includes: if the current power change rate is in a target power change state, obtaining the current target power change state duration parameter of the target power change state and the preset target power change state duration parameter, where the power change rate in the target power change state is greater than the preset power change rate threshold; determining a second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient based on the ratio of the current target power change state duration parameter to the preset target power change state duration parameter, and determining a first fuel cell adjustment coefficient based on the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, where the sum of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is a second preset value; determining the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter based on the product of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous first fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter; determining the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter based on the product of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and taking the sum of the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter; and determining the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current fuel cell adjustment parameters.

[0085] In other words, if the current power change rate is too high or too low, the fixed current fuel cell adjustment parameters may no longer be applicable. At this time, the adjustment coefficient of the current fuel cell adjustment parameters can be determined according to the current target power change state duration parameter, which characterizes its continuous state, such as the duration of the current power change rate being in the target power change state, and the preset target power change state duration parameter, and then the parameter change amount can be obtained. This can achieve the adjustment of the current fuel cell power distribution parameters by adjusting the current fuel cell adjustment parameters for extreme cases (when the current power change rate is in the target power change state), and further achieve the adjustment of the power allocated to the fuel cell device.

[0086] The current target power change rate duration parameter can be measured according to the measurement methods set by those skilled in the art. For example, it can be measured in terms of time dimension or counting dimension, etc.

[0087] Taking the second preset value as 1 in terms of time dimension, when it is detected that the current power change rate first enters the target power change state, timing starts. At this time, the current target power change state duration parameter can be considered as 0. The preset target power change state duration parameter is a time value preset by those skilled in the art, such as 10 seconds. Then, the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is 0 at this time and no adjustment is made temporarily. For example, the preset current fuel cell adjustment parameter is applied. Since the current power change rate has just jumped at this time, if the sampling frequency is high enough, not making an adjustment once has little impact on the overall situation. Or those skilled in the art can also set a separate adjustment strategy for the current fuel cell adjustment parameter when jumping to the target power change state. At this time, the target power change state is when the current power change rate is detected to be in the target power change state for the second time and later. If it is detected that the current power change rate enters the target power change state for the second time, and the elapsed time from the first entry into the target power change state is 0.1 second, then the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is 0.1 / 10 = 0.01 at this time. The first fuel cell adjustment coefficient is 1 - 0.01 = 0.99. The process stops until the current target power change rate duration parameter reaches 10 seconds or the current power change rate is no longer in the target power change state. The monitoring of whether the current power change rate is in the target power change state is restarted. The second preset value can also be other values set by those skilled in the art. This is only an example here.

[0088] Taking the counting dimension as an example, when it is detected that the current power change rate first enters the target power change state, counting starts. At this time, the current target power change state duration parameter can be considered as 0. After that, each time it is detected, the count value is incremented by 1. The preset target power change state duration parameter is a count value preset by those skilled in the art, such as 100. The process stops until the current target power change state duration parameter reaches 100 or the current power change rate is no longer in the target power change state.

[0089] The unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient can be equal or unequal. Those skilled in the art can set specific values according to needs. The unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient can be equal or different. The unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient can be equal or different.

[0090] As an example, starting from when the current power change rate is in the target power change state, the current fuel cell adjustment parameter is updated:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, Adjust the parameters for the current first fuel cell, Set the preset initial adjustment parameters for the first fuel cell, For the adjustment parameters of the first fuel cell after the Mth (previous) update, c3 is the adjustment coefficient of the first fuel cell, and θ3 is the unit increment of the adjustment coefficient of the first fuel cell. Adjust the parameters for the current second fuel cell, Set the preset initial adjustment parameters for the second fuel cell, For the adjustment parameters of the second fuel cell after the Mth (previous) update, c4 is the adjustment coefficient of the second fuel cell, and θ4 is the unit increment of the adjustment coefficient of the second fuel cell. M is the index of the parameter sample, which can be understood as the Mth continuous monitoring of the current power change rate entering the target power change state after the first monitoring of the current power change rate entering the target power change state.

[0093] It should be noted that for the target power change state and the target state of charge, it is possible to be in these states simultaneously at the same moment, or only in one of them. Whether to adjust the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameters and the current fuel cell adjustment parameters is selected according to the current state.

[0094] In another embodiment, before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, the method further includes: if the current power change rate is less than or equal to the preset power change rate threshold, obtain the preset initial adjustment parameters for the first fuel cell and the preset initial adjustment parameters for the second fuel cell; use the preset initial adjustment parameters for the first fuel cell as the adjustment parameters for the first fuel cell, and use the preset initial adjustment parameters for the second fuel cell as the adjustment parameters for the second fuel cell; determine the adjustment parameters for the first fuel cell and the adjustment parameters for the second fuel cell as the current fuel cell adjustment parameters.

[0095] Adopt the current fuel cell adjustment parameters preset by those skilled in the art. As mentioned in the foregoing embodiments, the current fuel cell adjustment parameters preset by those skilled in the art can be one group or multiple groups. When there are multiple groups, they can be selected according to the current operating environment (such as temperature, humidity, altitude, ambient oxygen content, etc.).

[0096] In one embodiment, determining the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter includes: adjusting the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain the electrical energy storage power distribution factor; adjusting the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain the fuel cell power distribution factor; adding the electrical energy storage power distribution factor and the fuel cell power distribution factor to obtain the current power distribution factor.

[0097] As an example, the sum of the second factor adjustment parameter and the first factor adjustment parameter is 1.

[0098] A method for determining an example of the current power distribution factor is as follows:

[0099] K sc = λ a (0.8 + F sc ) + λ b (0.8 + F fc ) Equation (10);

[0100] Wherein, K sc is the current power distribution factor, λ a is the first factor adjustment parameter, λ b is the second factor adjustment parameter, F sc is the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter, F fc is the current fuel cell power distribution parameter, 0.8 is a preset constant, which can be set by those skilled in the art according to needs, and the value of this preset constant is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. It should be noted that here, taking 0.8 as the preset constant in both places as an example, those skilled in the art can take the same preset constant or different preset constants according to needs.

[0101] Continuing with the above example, λ a and λ b are two weights that satisfy λ a + λ b = 1, and K sc is truncated to the range [0, 1], as follows:

[0102] K sc = 0, K sc < 0 Equation (11);

[0103] K sc = 1, K sc > 1 Equation (12);

[0104] K sc = K sc , 0 ≤ K sc ≤ 1 Equation (13);

[0105] Wherein, K sc is the current power distribution factor. It should be noted that here is an example. For the current power distribution factor less than 0, those skilled in the art can also set it to a constant value such as 0.001, and for the current power distribution factor greater than 1, those skilled in the art can also set it to a constant value such as 0.999.

[0106] If the current power change rate is less than or equal to the preset power change rate threshold, that is, when the current power change rate is not in the target power change state, the preset initial second factor adjustment parameter and the preset initial first factor adjustment parameter can be used. This value can be predefined by those skilled in the art.

[0107] The preset power change rate threshold can be determined according to a certain percentage of the maximum power, or can be set by those skilled in the art according to needs. As an example, the determination method of the preset power change rate threshold is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Wherein, is the preset power change rate threshold, 1% is the preset percentage, which is only an example here, and those skilled in the art can set it according to needs. This preset percentage is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, and P fcmax is the maximum power of the fuel cell.

[0110] Since the fuel cell FC may be a more expensive technology compared with the electrical energy storage, the second goal of reducing FC degradation can be given priority. That is, if the current power change rate is greater than the preset power change rate threshold, the second factor adjustment parameter and the first factor adjustment parameter need to be adjusted to reduce the FC power change rate and alleviate its degradation. At this time, before adjusting the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain the electrical energy storage power distribution factor, and adjusting the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain the fuel cell power distribution factor, the method further includes: if the current power change rate is greater than the preset power change rate threshold, determining the power change rate difference according to the current power change rate and the preset power change rate threshold; inputting the power change rate difference into the exponential function to obtain the exponential function value; determining the current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; determining the total number of weight updates according to the current charging parameter and the exponential function value; determining the ratio of the exponential function value to the total number of weight updates as the second factor adjustment parameter; and determining the first factor adjustment parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter.

[0111] Wherein, the base of the exponential function can be a value set by those skilled in the art such as the Euler number e.

[0112] As an example, the update methods of the second factor adjustment parameter and the first factor adjustment parameter are as follows:

[0113]

[0114] λ a =1 - λ b Equation (16);

[0115] Among them, λ a is the first factor adjustment parameter, and λ b is the second factor adjustment parameter. is the current power change rate, (d|P fc | / dt) th is the preset power change rate threshold, x is the current charging parameter, and the determination method of x can refer to the aforementioned formula (1). e () is an example of the exponential function.

[0116] When the FC power change rate is higher than the threshold, the numerator in the above formula (14) is greater than 1 and shows exponential growth. Therefore, λ b also increases rapidly, while λ a decreases rapidly, which means that K sc depends more severely on λ b and F fc . Since the larger K sc means that more load power is allocated to the electrical energy storage device such as SC, and less load power is allocated to the fuel cell FC. Therefore, the FC power change rate can be reduced and its deterioration can be alleviated.

[0117] Continue to refer to Figure 3 , combining the solutions of the above embodiments, it can be obtained that the power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system in this embodiment can be adaptively adjusted according to the current state of charge (SOC in the figure) and the current power change rate (d|P fc | / dt) in the figure. The electrical energy storage device is identified by SC, and the fuel cell is identified by FC. Through this power distribution method, the stability of SC SOC can be maintained and the degradation of FC can be alleviated. This solution involves two processes to divide and allocate the load power. In the first process, an artificial potential field is constructed, and two virtual forces related to the SC SOC and the FC power change rate (used to characterize the FC degradation) are defined. The load power distribution factor K sc is determined as the weighted sum of the virtual forces. In the second process, the parameters ω a , ω b , k a , k b related to the virtual forces and the power distribution factor are dynamically adjusted through dynamic parameters. The current cut-off frequency of the LPF is expressed as f c . The load current component with a frequency lower than f c is allocated to the FC, and the remaining components are allocated to the SC. To determine f c , the power distribution factor K fc | / dt is calculated according to the SC SOC and the absolute value of the FC power change rate d|P sc . Specifically, K scis the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component assigned to the SC in the load current spectrum to the total area of the spectrum. To determine K sc , the adaptive power allocation scheme involves two processes. By constructing an artificial potential field and defining two virtual forces d|P fc | / dt according to the SC SOC and FC: F sc represents the SC, and F fc represents the FC. K sc is calculated as the weighted sum of F sc and F fc . In the second process, the parameters used to calculate F sc , F fc and K sc are dynamically adjusted according to the SC SOC and d|P fc | / dt. Specifically, ω a and k a are two parameters used to calculate F sc , while ω b and k b are the parameters used to calculate F fc . The two weights in K sc can also be adjusted. To determine K sc , an artificial potential field is constructed and two virtual forces are defined. For the SC, its virtual force F sc is defined according to its SOC, and the determination method can refer to the way in Equation (2). For the FC, the definition of its virtual force F fc can refer to the determination method in Equation (7). To jointly control the SC SOC and alleviate FC degradation by reducing the FC power change rate, the two virtual forces are mixed, and the determination method of K sc can refer to Equations (11)-(13). Dynamic parameter adjustment is also performed if the SC SOC and the d|P fc | / dt of the FC exceed a specific range. Specifically, three threshold reference state-of-charge upper threshold, reference state-of-charge lower threshold, and preset power change rate threshold are defined, and the specific determination methods can refer to Equations (5), (6), and (14). First, consider the SC parameters. If the current state of charge SC SOC is less than SOC lower or greater than SOC upper , the F sc parameter (current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter) is updated during the optimization process, and the update method can refer to Equations (3)-(4). If the d|P fc| / dt exceeds the preset power change rate threshold, and the parameters of the current fuel cell are updated. The specific update method can refer to Equations (8)-(9). Meanwhile, in this state, the second factor adjustment parameter and the first factor adjustment parameter are also updated, and the specific update method can refer to Equations (15) and (16). Through the above process, the dynamic adjustment of parameters is realized, and the current cut-off frequency f is adaptively generated. c . Finally, the LPF distributes the high-frequency load and the low-frequency load to the electrical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and the fuel cell FC according to the given f c .

[0118] Step S230: Divide the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and distribute them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell respectively to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

[0119] Through the above method, the reasonable determination of the current cut-off frequency of the filter is realized. Then, the reference bus current is filtered based on the current cut-off frequency by the filter to obtain the high-frequency load current and the low-frequency load current, and they are respectively distributed to the electrical energy storage device and the FC in the hybrid energy storage system, so that the reasonable load power distribution of the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell can be realized.

[0120] The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field provided by the above embodiment obtains the reference bus current, the load current spectrum, the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and the current power change rate of the fuel cell of the hybrid energy storage system, and then determines the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge and the current power change rate. The load current spectrum is divided by the current power distribution factor to obtain the current cut-off frequency, and the reference bus current is divided into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency and provided to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell respectively to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell. The current cut-off frequency is adjusted by the current state of charge and the power change rate, so that the power distribution adapts to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the power change rate of the fuel cell of the hybrid energy storage system to adjust the current cut-off frequency of the filter. By using a non-fixed cut-off frequency, the performance of the hybrid energy storage system can be improved, the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device can be kept within a reasonable range during an operation cycle and remains unchanged after the cycle ends. Reduce the power change rate of the fuel cell, alleviate the degradation of the fuel cell, and improve the life and economy of the fuel cell.

[0121] By adopting a low-pass filter, the load current is divided into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part, which are respectively allocated to the fuel cell and the electrical energy storage device. To determine the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter, an artificial potential field is constructed, and two virtual forces are defined according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the absolute value of the power change rate of the fuel cell. Then, the two virtual forces are weighted and summed to obtain the power distribution factor. In addition, the parameters of the virtual force and the power distribution factor are dynamically adjusted according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the absolute value of the power change rate of the fuel cell. The power distribution factor is the ratio of the area of the high-frequency component in the load current spectrum to the total area of the spectrum, and is used to calculate the cut-off frequency. The present invention effectively controls the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and reduces the power change rate of the fuel cell.

[0122] In one embodiment, a power distribution system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field is provided, and the power distribution system for the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field corresponds one-to-one to the power distribution method for the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field in the above embodiment. Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution system for a hybrid energy storage system based on an artificial potential field provided by an embodiment of the present invention. This system is applied to a hybrid energy storage system, and the hybrid energy storage system is applied to a transportation vehicle and / or a renewable energy system. The transportation vehicle includes one or more of a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a ship, and an airplane, and the renewable energy system includes one or more of a power grid and a microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. The electrical energy storage device includes one or more of a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery; the fuel cell includes one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell. As Figure 4 shown, the hybrid energy storage system power distribution system 400 includes an acquisition module 401, a current cut-off frequency determination module 402, and a distribution module 403, where: The acquisition module 401 is configured to acquire the reference bus current, the load current spectrum, the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and the current power change rate of the fuel cell of the hybrid energy storage system; The current cut-off frequency determination module 402 is configured to determine the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determine the current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor and the load current spectrum. The current power distribution factor is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; The distribution module 403 is configured to divide the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and respectively allocate them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

[0123] In one embodiment, the current cut-off frequency determination module includes a current power distribution factor determination module, which is configured to determine a current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to a current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, a current state of charge, and a preset reference state of charge; determine a current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to a current fuel cell adjustment parameter and a power change rate; and determine a current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter.

[0124] In one embodiment, the current power distribution factor determination module includes a current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter determination module, which is configured to determine a current charging parameter according to a current state of charge and a preset reference state of charge; adjust the current charging parameter by a first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain an adjusted charging parameter; perform an arcsine function transformation on the adjusted charging parameter to obtain an initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor; and linearly adjust the initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor by a second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain a current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter; wherein the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter includes the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0125] In one embodiment, the current power distribution factor determination module further includes a current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter adjustment module, which is configured to, before determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, if the current state of charge is in a target state of charge, obtain a current target state of charge duration parameter and a preset target state of charge duration parameter of the target state of charge, where in the target state of charge, the current state of charge is greater than an upper threshold of the reference state of charge or the current state of charge is less than a lower threshold of the reference state of charge; determine a second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to a ratio of the current target state of charge duration parameter to the preset target state of charge duration parameter, and determine a first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, where the sum of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is a first preset value; determine a current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to a product of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and a unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determine a current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to a product of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and a unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; and determine the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0126] Continuing from the above embodiments, before the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter adjustment module is further configured to determine the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, if the current state of charge is less than or equal to the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is greater than or equal to the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, obtain the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; use the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, and use the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; determine the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

[0127] In one embodiment, the current power distribution factor determination module further includes a current fuel cell power distribution parameter determination module. The current fuel cell power distribution parameter determination module is configured to adjust the current power change rate through the first fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the adjusted fuel cell parameter; perform an arctangent function transformation on the adjusted fuel cell parameter to obtain the initial fuel cell power distribution factor; adjust the initial fuel cell power distribution factor through the second fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the current fuel cell power distribution parameter; where the current fuel cell adjustment parameter includes the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0128] In one embodiment, the current power distribution factor determination module further includes a current fuel cell adjustment parameter adjustment module. Before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, if the current power change rate is in the target power change state, the current target power change state duration parameter of the target power change state and the preset target power change state duration parameter are obtained. In the target power change state, the power change rate is greater than the preset power change rate threshold. The second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is determined according to the ratio of the current target power change state duration parameter to the preset target power change state duration parameter, and the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient is determined according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient. The sum of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is a second preset value. The current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter is determined according to the product of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient. The sum of the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous first fuel cell adjustment parameter is used as the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter. The current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter is determined according to the product of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient. The sum of the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous second fuel cell adjustment parameter is used as the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter. The current first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter are determined as the current fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0129] Continuing with the above embodiment, before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, if the current power change rate is less than or equal to the preset power change rate threshold, the preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter are obtained. The preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter is used as the first fuel cell adjustment parameter, and the preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter is used as the second fuel cell adjustment parameter. The first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter are determined as the current fuel cell adjustment parameter.

[0130] In one embodiment, the current power distribution factor determination module is further configured to adjust the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain the electrical energy storage power distribution factor; adjust the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain the fuel cell power distribution factor; and accumulate the electrical energy storage power distribution factor and the fuel cell power distribution factor to obtain the current power distribution factor.

[0131] Continuing from the above embodiments, the current power distribution factor determination module further includes an adjustment parameter module, which is used to adjust the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameters according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain the electrical energy storage power distribution factor, and to adjust the current fuel cell power distribution parameters according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain the fuel cell power distribution factor. Before that, if the current power change rate is greater than the preset power change rate threshold, determine the power change rate difference according to the current power change rate and the preset power change rate threshold; input the power change rate difference into the exponential function to obtain the exponential function value; determine the current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; determine the total number of weight updates according to the current charging parameter and the exponential function value; determine the ratio of the exponential function value to the total number of weight updates as the second factor adjustment parameter; determine the first factor adjustment parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter.

[0132] For the specific limitations of the power distribution system of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field, reference can be made to the limitations of the power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system in the above text, which will not be elaborated here. Each module in the above power distribution system of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and their combination. The above-mentioned modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to the above-mentioned modules.

[0133] In this embodiment, the power distribution system of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field essentially sets up multiple modules to execute the method in any of the above embodiments. The specific functions and technical effects can be referred to the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0134] In one embodiment, a hybrid power system is provided. The hybrid power system includes a hybrid energy storage system and the power distribution system of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field provided in any of the above embodiments. The power distribution system of the hybrid energy storage system corresponds one-to-one with the power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field in the above embodiments. Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is a structural schematic diagram of the hybrid power system provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 5 shown, the hybrid power system 500 includes a power distribution system 400 of the hybrid energy storage system based on the artificial potential field and a hybrid energy storage system 510. The hybrid energy storage system 510 at least includes an electrical energy storage device 511 and a fuel cell 512.

[0135] Specific limitations on the hybrid power system can be referred to the limitations on the power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field in the above text, which will not be elaborated here. Each module of the above hybrid power system can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and their combination. Each of the above modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.

[0136] In this embodiment, the hybrid power system essentially sets multiple modules to execute the method in any of the above embodiments. For the specific functions and technical effects, refer to the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0137] See Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 6 shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device 600, including a processor 601, a memory 602, and a communication bus 603; the communication bus 603 is used to connect the processor 601 and the memory 602; the processor 601 is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 602 to implement the method provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0138] An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the foregoing memory and executable on the foregoing processor. When the foregoing processor executes the foregoing computer program, it implements the method provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0139] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method in any one of the above embodiments.

[0140] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a non-volatile readable storage medium, in which one or more modules (programs) are stored. When the one or more modules are applied to a device, the device can be caused to execute the instructions (instructions) of the steps included in the first embodiment of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0141] It should be noted that the above-mentioned computer-readable medium in the present disclosure can be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium can include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, which can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. A computer-readable signal medium can also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on a computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0142] The above-mentioned computer-readable medium can be included in the above-mentioned electronic device; or it can exist separately without being assembled into the electronic device.

[0143] The computer program code for performing the operations of the present disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages or combinations thereof. The above-mentioned programming languages include object-oriented programming languages - such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also include conventional procedural programming languages - such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, executed as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network - including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) - or, it can be connected to an external computer (for example, by using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0144] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a segment of a program, or a part of code that contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur in a different order than that noted in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks shown may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations, or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0145] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution method for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field, characterized in that Applied to a hybrid energy storage system, the hybrid energy storage system is applied to a vehicle and / or a renewable energy system. The vehicle includes one or more of a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a ship, and an airplane. The renewable energy system includes one or more of a power grid and a microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. The electrical energy storage device includes one or more of a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery. The fuel cell includes one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell. The method includes: Obtain the reference bus current of the hybrid energy storage system, the load current spectrum, the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and the current power change rate of the fuel cell. Determine the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determine the current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor and the load current spectrum. The current power distribution factor is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Divide the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and respectively allocate them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

2. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell includes: Determine the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge. Determine the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the power change rate. Determine the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter.

3. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge includes: Determine the current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge. Adjust the current charging parameter through the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain the adjusted charging parameter. Perform an arcsine function transformation on the adjusted charging parameter to obtain the initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor. Linearly adjust the initial electrical energy storage power distribution factor through the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter to obtain the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter. Wherein, the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter includes the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

4. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, wherein Before determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: If the current state of charge is in the target state of charge, obtain the current target state of charge duration parameter and the preset target state of charge duration parameter of the target state of charge, where in the target state of charge, the current state of charge is greater than the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is less than the lower threshold of the reference state of charge; Determine a second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the ratio of the current target state of charge duration parameter to the preset target state of charge duration parameter, and determine a first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, where the sum of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient is a first preset value; Determine the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; Determine the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter according to the product of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the previous second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; Determine the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the sum of the current first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the current second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

5. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, characterized in that Before determining the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, the current state of charge, and the preset reference state of charge, the method further includes: If the current state of charge is less than or equal to the upper threshold of the reference state of charge, or the current state of charge is greater than or equal to the lower threshold of the reference state of charge, obtain the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; Use the preset initial first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter, and use the preset initial second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter; Determine the current electrical energy storage adjustment parameter as the sum of the first electrical energy storage adjustment parameter and the second electrical energy storage adjustment parameter.

6. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, wherein Determine the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, including: Adjust the current power change rate through the first fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain an adjusted fuel cell parameter; Perform an arctangent function transformation on the adjusted fuel cell parameter to obtain an initial fuel cell power distribution factor; Adjust the initial fuel cell power distribution factor through the second fuel cell adjustment parameter to obtain the current fuel cell power distribution parameter; Wherein, the current fuel cell adjustment parameter includes the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

7. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, characterized in that Before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, the method further includes: If the current power change rate is in the target power change state Obtain the current target power change state duration parameter and the preset target power change state duration parameter of the target power change state, where the power change rate in the target power change state is greater than the preset power change rate threshold; Determine the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient according to the ratio of the current target power change state duration parameter to the preset target power change state duration parameter, and determine the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient according to the second electrical energy storage adjustment coefficient. The sum of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient is the second preset value; Determine the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter according to the product of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the first fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous first fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter; Determine the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter according to the product of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient and the unit increment of the second fuel cell adjustment coefficient, and use the sum of the current change amount of the second fuel cell adjustment parameter and the previous second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter; Determine the current fuel cell adjustment parameter as the sum of the current first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

8. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, characterized in that Before determining the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the current fuel cell adjustment parameter and the current power change rate, the method further includes: If the current power change rate is less than or equal to the preset power change rate threshold, obtain the preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter; Use the preset initial first fuel cell adjustment parameter as the first fuel cell adjustment parameter, and use the preset initial second fuel cell adjustment parameter as the second fuel cell adjustment parameter; Determine the current fuel cell adjustment parameter as the sum of the first fuel cell adjustment parameter and the second fuel cell adjustment parameter.

9. The power distribution method of the hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field according to claim 2, wherein Determine the current power distribution factor according to the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter and the current fuel cell power distribution parameter, including: If the current power change rate is greater than the preset power change rate threshold, determine the power change rate difference according to the current power change rate and the preset power change rate threshold; Input the power change rate difference into an exponential function to obtain an exponential function value; Determine the current charging parameter according to the current state of charge and the preset reference state of charge; Determine the total number of weight updates according to the current charging parameter and the exponential function value; Determine the second factor adjustment parameter as the proportion of the exponential function value in the total number of weight updates; Determine the first factor adjustment parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter; Adjust the current electrical energy storage power distribution parameter according to the first factor adjustment parameter to obtain the electrical energy storage power distribution factor; Adjust the current fuel cell power distribution parameter according to the second factor adjustment parameter to obtain the fuel cell power distribution factor; Accumulate the electrical energy storage power distribution factor and the fuel cell power distribution factor to obtain the current power distribution factor.

10. A power distribution system for a hybrid energy storage system based on artificial potential field, characterized in that, Applied to a hybrid energy storage system, the hybrid energy storage system is applied to a transportation vehicle and / or a renewable energy system. The transportation vehicle includes one or more of a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a ship, and an airplane. The renewable energy system includes one or more of a power grid and a microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system includes at least an electrical energy storage device and a fuel cell. The electrical energy storage device includes one or more of a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion capacitor, a sodium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery. The fuel cell includes one or more of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a molten carbonate fuel cell. The system includes: An acquisition module, configured to acquire a reference bus current of the hybrid energy storage system, a load current spectrum, a current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device, and a current power change rate of the fuel cell; A current cut-off frequency determination module, configured to determine a current power distribution factor according to the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device and the current power change rate of the fuel cell, and determine a current cut-off frequency according to the current power distribution factor and the load current spectrum. The current power distribution factor is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; A distribution module, configured to divide the reference bus current into a high-frequency load current and a low-frequency load current based on the current cut-off frequency, and respectively distribute them to the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell, so as to perform load power distribution on the electrical energy storage device and the fuel cell.

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