A method for preparing carbon materials for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for preparing carbon materials for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances. (1) Crush biomass fruit shells; (2) Prepare a metal salt catalyst solution, wherein the metal salt can be one or a combination of potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, manganese nitrate, etc.; (3) Mix the crushed fruit shells from step (1) with the metal salt catalyst solution in a certain proportion, and then place them in a hydrothermal reactor. During the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor, the metal salt catalyst solution is continuously added; (4) After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are taken out and dried in an oven; (5) The dried fruit shells are carbonized; (6) After carbonization, the carbonized material is activated; (7) Cooling. Compared with the prior art, this invention uses hydrothermal pressurization to allow the catalyst solution to penetrate into the interior of the fruit shell better. At the same time, under high heat and pressure, some biomass components in the fruit shell can dissolve and form channels, which facilitates the penetration of the catalyst solution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon materials technology, specifically to a method for preparing carbon materials for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances. Background Technology

[0002] Dialysis is a separation and purification technique that separates small molecules from biological macromolecules by allowing them to diffuse through a semipermeable membrane into water (or a buffer solution). Dialysis therapy is a treatment method that removes components (solutes or water) from the body through a semipermeable membrane; it is generally divided into hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. After use, the dialysate exchanges a large amount of toxic substances from the blood. By regenerating the dialysate, the amount of dialysate used can be significantly reduced. Dialysate contains various small and medium-sized toxic substances, such as creatinine. Currently, used dialysate is treated directly as medical hazardous waste in the medical market, resulting in a significant waste of resources.

[0003] In the physical activation process of carbon materials, biomass is generally used as the raw material, with hard-textured fruit shells being preferred. Trace amounts of metal elements can promote activation. However, the dense texture of the original fruit shells makes it difficult for the catalyst solution to penetrate the interior through soaking, requiring a very long preparation cycle. Therefore, carbon materials prepared using traditional methods rarely achieve high adsorption rates, and the preparation efficiency is also relatively low.

[0004] In view of this, the applicant conducted in-depth research on the above-mentioned issues, which led to this case. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing carbon materials for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances, which can effectively solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Crush the biomass husks into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%;

[0009] (2) Prepare a metal salt catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5-2%. The metal salt can be one or a combination of potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, manganese nitrate, etc.

[0010] (3) Mix the crushed fruit shells from step (1) with the metal salt catalyst solution in proportion, then place them in a hydrothermal reactor, and continuously add the metal salt catalyst solution during the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor.

[0011] (4) After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are taken out and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, and the content of the target catalyst metal element is controlled at 1000-3000 ppm.

[0012] (5) Place the dried fruit shells in a tube furnace for carbonization treatment;

[0013] (6) After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated.

[0014] (7) After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the solid-liquid mass ratio of the crushed fruit shell to the metal salt catalyst solution is 1:1-1:2.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the heating temperature of the hydrothermal reactor is 200-240℃, and the reaction time is 10-12h.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (5), the tubular furnace is heated according to the program, increasing the temperature by 2-3°C per minute to 350-450°C, and carbonizing for 2-3 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (7), the temperature is increased according to the program, rising by 5-10°C per minute to 850-950°C, and activated for 1-3 hours in a steam atmosphere.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydrothermal reactor includes a vessel body, a stirring shaft, a stirring rod, a driving mechanism, and a driving rod. The upper end of the vessel body has a feed inlet, the lower end of the vessel body has a discharge outlet on its side wall, and the lower end of the vessel body has a drain outlet on its bottom wall. The stirring shaft is located inside the vessel body, with its upper and lower ends rotatably connected to the vessel body. The stirring shaft has an internally connected liquid-driving chamber and a liquid-guiding chamber. The liquid-driving chamber has a liquid inlet, and the side wall of the liquid-guiding chamber has several liquid-guiding ports. The stirring rod is installed at the liquid-guiding ports, and its internal structure has a liquid-guiding channel. The side wall of the stirring rod has several liquid outlet holes. The driving mechanism is installed at the upper end of the vessel body and is connected to the stirring shaft and the driving rod. The lower end of the driving rod extends into the liquid-driving chamber. The driving mechanism drives the stirring shaft and the driving rod to rotate, while simultaneously causing the driving rod to perform repeated lifting and lowering movements.

[0020] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a motor, an upper fixed plate, a connecting rod, a lifting plate, and a lower fixed plate. The upper end of the vessel body is provided with a mounting bracket, the motor is mounted on the mounting bracket, the power output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the upper fixed plate, the lower fixed plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the stirring shaft, the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are connected by a connecting rod, there are at least two connecting rods, the lifting plate is arranged between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate and is slidably connected to the connecting rod, the lower end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the driving rod, the lower end of the driving rod is provided with a driving block, and the driving block is slidably and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the liquid driving chamber.

[0021] Furthermore, the drive mechanism also includes a spring, a drive ring, and a guide wheel. The spring is sleeved on the drive rod, with the upper end of the spring abutting against the lifting plate and the lower end of the spring abutting against the lower fixed plate. The drive ring is connected to the mounting bracket, and the lower end of the drive ring is provided with a wave-shaped guide surface. The guide wheel is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate, and the guide wheel rolls and fits against the guide surface.

[0022] Furthermore, the stirring shaft is fitted with a rotatably connected liquid guide ring on the outside of the liquid inlet. The liquid guide ring is fixedly connected inside the vessel body. The inner wall of the liquid guide ring is provided with an annular flow channel communicating with the liquid inlet. The outer side of the liquid guide ring is provided with a liquid inlet pipe connected to the annular flow channel.

[0023] Furthermore, the stirring rod has helical blades on its side wall and drive blades on its outer end.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are that the method uses hydrothermal pressurization, allowing the catalyst solution to better penetrate into the interior of the fruit shell. Simultaneously, under high heat and pressure, some biomass components in the fruit shell dissolve, forming channels that facilitate the penetration of the catalyst solution. Furthermore, the hydrothermal reactor used in this invention allows for thorough stirring of the fruit shell and the metal salt catalyst solution. The continuous addition of the metal salt catalyst solution during the hydrothermal reaction further enhances the penetration effect, thus contributing to the production of adsorbent carbon materials with well-developed micropores and high specific surface area, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of the carbon material. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the external structure of a hydrothermal reactor.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the hydrothermal reactor.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the liquid guiding ring and the stirring shaft.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drive ring and the guide wheel.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Reactor body, 11. Inlet, 12. Outlet, 13. Drain, 14. Mounting frame, 2. Stirring shaft, 21. Liquid driving chamber, 22. Liquid guiding chamber, 23. Inlet, 24. Liquid guiding port, 3. Stirring rod, 31. Liquid guiding channel, 32. Outlet hole, 33. Spiral blade, 34. Drive blade, 4. Drive mechanism, 41. Motor, 42. Upper fixing plate, 43. Connecting rod, 44. Lifting plate, 45. Lower fixing plate, 46. Spring, 47. Drive ring, 471. Guide surface, 48. Guide wheel, 5. Drive rod, 51. Drive block, 6. Liquid guiding ring, 61. Annular channel, 62. Inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The biomass shells are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%, and the shells are preferably coconut shells; potassium hydroxide is used to prepare a metal salt catalyst solution with a concentration of 1.5%; the crushed shells in step (1) are mixed with the metal salt catalyst solution at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:1.5, and then placed in a hydrothermal reactor. The reaction is carried out at 225℃ for 11 hours. During the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor, the coconut shells and the metal salt catalyst solution are stirred thoroughly, and the metal salt catalyst solution is added evenly and continuously. The solid-liquid mass ratio of the shells in the reactor to the metal salt catalyst solution continuously added to the reactor every hour is 1:0.2. After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are removed and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, while controlling the content of the target catalyst metal element at 1000-3000 ppm. The dried fruit shells are then placed in a tube furnace and heated according to a programmed temperature increase of 2-3°C per minute to 400°C for 2.5 hours. After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated by heating according to a programmed temperature increase of 5-10°C per minute to 900°C in a steam atmosphere for 2 hours. After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The biomass shells are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%, and the shells are preferably coconut shells; potassium hydroxide is used to prepare a metal salt catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5%; the crushed shells in step (1) are mixed with the metal salt catalyst solution at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in a hydrothermal reactor. The reaction is carried out at 200℃ for 10 hours. During the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor, the coconut shells and the metal salt catalyst solution are stirred thoroughly, and the metal salt catalyst solution is added evenly and continuously. The solid-liquid mass ratio of the shells in the reactor to the metal salt catalyst solution continuously added to the reactor every hour is 1:0.2. After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are removed and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, while controlling the content of the target catalyst metal element at 1000-3000 ppm. The dried fruit shells are then placed in a tube furnace and heated according to a programmed temperature increase of 2-3°C per minute to 400°C for 2.5 hours. After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated by heating according to a programmed temperature increase of 5-10°C per minute to 900°C in a steam atmosphere for 2 hours. After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The biomass shells are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%, and the shells are preferably coconut shells; potassium hydroxide is used to prepare a metal salt catalyst solution with a concentration of 2%; the crushed shells in step (1) are mixed with the metal salt catalyst solution at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:2, and then placed in a hydrothermal reactor. The reaction is carried out at 240℃ for 12 hours. During the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor, the coconut shells and the metal salt catalyst solution are stirred thoroughly, and the metal salt catalyst solution is added evenly and continuously. The solid-liquid mass ratio of the shells in the reactor to the metal salt catalyst solution continuously added to the reactor every hour is 1:0.2. After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are removed and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, while controlling the content of the target catalyst metal element at 1000-3000 ppm. The dried fruit shells are then placed in a tube furnace and heated according to a programmed temperature increase of 2-3°C per minute to 400°C for 2.5 hours. After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated by heating according to a programmed temperature increase of 5-10°C per minute to 900°C in a steam atmosphere for 2 hours. After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] The biomass shells are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%, and the shells are preferably coconut shells; potassium hydroxide is used to prepare a metal salt catalyst solution with a concentration of 1.5%; the crushed shells in step (1) are mixed with the metal salt catalyst solution at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in a hydrothermal reactor. The reaction is carried out at 225℃ for 11 hours. During the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor, the coconut shells and the metal salt catalyst solution are stirred thoroughly, and the metal salt catalyst solution is added evenly and continuously. The solid-liquid mass ratio of the shells in the reactor to the metal salt catalyst solution continuously added to the reactor every hour is 1:0.5. After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are removed and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, while controlling the content of the target catalyst metal element at 1000-3000 ppm. The dried fruit shells are then placed in a tube furnace and heated according to a programmed temperature increase of 2-3°C per minute to 400°C for 2.5 hours. After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated by heating according to a programmed temperature increase of 5-10°C per minute to 900°C in a steam atmosphere for 2 hours. After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] The biomass shells are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%, with coconut shells being preferred; a metal salt catalyst solution is prepared using potassium hydroxide, with a concentration of 0.5-2%; the crushed shells from step (1) are mixed with the metal salt catalyst solution at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in a reaction vessel and reacted at 150℃ for 11 hours. After the treated shells are removed, they are dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, and the target catalyst metal element content is controlled at 1000-3000 ppm; the dried shells are placed in a tube furnace and heated according to a program, increasing the temperature by 2-3℃ per minute to 400℃, and carbonized for 2.5 hours; after carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated by heating according to a program, increasing the temperature by 5-10℃ per minute to 900℃, and activating for 2 hours in a steam atmosphere; after cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

[0043] The carbon adsorbents prepared according to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to BWC testing (ASTM-D5228), and the test results are recorded in Table 1 below:

[0044] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 1 iodine value 1545 1584 1579 1585 1320 Specific surface area 1605 1658 1615 1665 1365 Total pore volume 0.821 0.852 0.823 0.862 0.689 Average aperture 2.046 2.055 2.0389 2.07 2.019

[0045] Table 1

[0046] like Figure 2-6As shown, in step (3) of the preparation method of the present invention, in order to further improve the stirring and mixing efficiency and to achieve continuous addition of metal salt catalyst solution, the hydrothermal reactor of the present invention includes a reactor body 1, a stirring shaft 2, a stirring rod 3, a driving mechanism 4, and a driving rod 5. The upper end of the reactor body 1 is provided with a feed inlet 11, which adds fruit shells and catalyst into the reactor body 1. The lower end of the reactor body 1 is provided with a discharge outlet 12 on the side wall, and the lower end of the reactor body 1 is provided with a drain outlet 13 on the bottom wall. A drain pipe is connected to the drain outlet 13, and the drain pipe can be controlled by a solenoid valve to discharge the liquid inside the reactor body 1. The discharge outlet 12 is used to remove the fruit shells after hydrothermal reaction treatment. A stirring shaft 2 is located inside the vessel body 1. The upper and lower ends of the stirring shaft 2 are rotatably connected to the vessel body 1 via bearings. The stirring shaft 2 has a liquid-driving chamber 21 and a liquid-guiding chamber 22 that are connected vertically. The side wall of the liquid-driving chamber 21 has a through-hole liquid inlet 23, and the side wall of the liquid-guiding chamber 22 has several through-hole liquid guiding ports 24. The outer side wall of the stirring shaft 2 has a connecting boss at the liquid guiding port 24. The stirring rod 3 is rotatably connected to the connecting boss. The stirring rod 3 has a liquid guiding channel 31 inside, and the side wall of the stirring rod 3 has several liquid outlet holes 32. Specifically, the liquid inlet 23 and the liquid guiding port 24 are equipped with one-way valves, and the stirring shaft 2 has a sealing and rotatably connected liquid guiding ring 6 on the outside of the liquid inlet 23. The liquid guiding ring 6 is fixedly connected inside the vessel body 1. The inner side wall of the liquid guiding ring 6 has an annular channel 61 that communicates with the liquid inlet 23, and the outer side of the liquid guiding ring 6 has a liquid inlet pipe 62 that connects to the annular channel 61. In this way, during the hydrothermal reaction, the catalyst can enter the annular flow channel 61 through the liquid inlet pipe 62, and then enter the liquid driving chamber 21 and the liquid guiding chamber 22 through the liquid inlet 23. After that, it flows into the liquid guiding flow channel 31 of the stirring rod 3 through the liquid guiding port 24, and finally is sprayed into the interior of the vessel body 1 through the liquid outlet 32. This allows the catalyst to be added into the vessel body 1 more evenly, and the catalyst can be stirred and mixed immediately after being added, further improving the reaction penetration effect of the catalyst.

[0047] In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 4 is installed at the upper end of the vessel body 1. The drive mechanism 4 is connected to the stirring shaft 2 and the drive rod 5. The lower end of the drive rod 5 extends into the liquid-driving chamber 21. The drive mechanism 4 drives the stirring shaft 2 and the drive rod 5 to rotate, and at the same time drives the drive rod 5 to perform repeated lifting and lowering movements. Specifically, the drive mechanism 4 includes a motor 41, an upper fixed plate 42, a connecting rod 43, a lifting plate 44, and a lower fixed plate 45. The upper end of the vessel body 1 is provided with a mounting bracket 14. The motor 41 is installed on the mounting bracket 14. The power output end of the motor 41 is fixedly connected to the upper fixed plate 42. The lower fixed plate 45 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the stirring shaft 2. The upper fixed plate 42 and the lower fixed plate 45 are connected by a connecting rod 43. There are at least two connecting rods 43. In this embodiment, there are three connecting rods 43, which are distributed in an equilateral triangle with the drive rod 5 as the center. The lifting plate 44 is disposed between the upper fixed plate 42 and the lower fixed plate 45 and is slidably connected to the connecting rod 43. The lower end of the lifting plate 44 is fixedly connected to the drive rod 5. The lower end of the drive rod 5 is provided with a drive block 51, which is slidably and sealed to the inner wall of the liquid-driving chamber 21. Specifically, the slidable connection can be achieved by fitting a rubber sleeve on the outer wall of the drive block 51. The drive mechanism 4 also includes a spring 46, a drive ring 47, and a guide wheel 48. The spring 46 is sleeved on the drive rod 5, with its upper end abutting against the lifting plate 44 and its lower end abutting against the lower fixed plate 45. The drive ring 47 is connected to the mounting bracket 14, and its lower end is provided with a wavy guide surface 471. The guide wheel 48 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate 44, and the guide wheel 48 rolls and fits against the guide surface 471. With the above structure, during stirring, the motor 41 drives the upper fixed plate 42 to rotate, thereby driving the connecting rod 43, the lower fixed plate 45, and the stirring shaft 2 to rotate, so that the stirring shaft 2 can drive the stirring rod 3 to rotate for stirring. During the rotation of the connecting rod 43, it drives the lifting plate 44 and the driving rod 5 to rotate together. Under the pushing action of the spring 46, the guide wheel 48 on the lifting plate 44 always abuts against the guide surface 471 at the lower end of the driving ring 47. During the rotation of the lifting plate 44, the guide wheel 48 rolls and adheres to the wavy guide surface 471, thereby driving the lifting plate 44 and the driving rod 5 to repeatedly perform lifting and lowering movements. The driving block 51 at the lower end of the driving rod 5 acts as a piston in the liquid driving chamber 21, continuously drawing the catalyst in the liquid inlet pipe 62 into the liquid driving chamber 21, and squeezing the catalyst out of the liquid guide port 24 into the liquid guide channel 31, thereby realizing the automated addition of catalyst during the hydrothermal reaction process. This further enhances the penetration effect of the metal salt catalyst solution, thereby helping to obtain adsorption carbon materials with well-developed micropores and high specific surface area, and improving the adsorption effect of the carbon materials.

[0048] Preferably, the stirring rod 3 has helical blades 33 on its side wall, a liquid outlet 32 ​​is located inside the helical blades 33, and a drive blade 34 is provided on the outer end of the stirring rod 3. With the above structure, during the rotation of the stirring rod 3 around the stirring shaft 2, the drive blade 34 is pushed by the thrust of the liquid, causing the stirring rod 3 to rotate along its own central axis. During the rotation of the stirring rod 3, the catalyst can be sprayed out evenly, and the rotation of the stirring rod 3 drives the helical blades 33 to rotate together, further generating thrust, which diffuses the catalyst inward and outward, making the catalyst addition more uniform and the stirring reaction more complete.

[0049] The above embodiments and figures are not intended to limit the product form and style of the present invention. Any appropriate changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The biomass husks are crushed into 4×10 mesh, accounting for >90%; (2) Prepare a catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5-2%. The catalyst should be one of potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, or manganese nitrate. (3) Mix the crushed fruit shells from step (1) with the catalyst solution in a certain proportion, then place them in a hydrothermal reactor, and continuously add the catalyst solution during the heating process of the hydrothermal reactor; (4) After the hydrothermal treatment, the fruit shells are taken out and dried in an oven until the moisture content is less than 5%, and the content of the target catalyst metal element is controlled at 1000-3000 ppm. (5) Place the dried fruit shells in a tube furnace for carbonization treatment; (6) After carbonization, the carbonized material is further activated. (7) After cooling, an adsorbent carbon material with a high specific surface area and well-developed micropores is obtained.

2. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the solid-liquid mass ratio of the crushed fruit shell to the catalyst solution is 1:1-1:

2.

3. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the heating temperature of the hydrothermal reactor is 200-240℃, and the reaction time is 10-12h.

4. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the tubular furnace is heated according to the program, increasing the temperature by 2-3℃ per minute to 350-450℃, and carbonizing for 2-3 hours.

5. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step (6) Heat up according to the program, increasing the temperature by 5-10°C per minute to 850-950°C, and activate for 1-3 hours in a steam atmosphere.

6. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrothermal reactor includes a vessel body, a stirring shaft, a stirring rod, a drive mechanism, and a drive rod. The upper end of the vessel body has a feed inlet, the lower end of the vessel body has a discharge outlet on its side wall, and the lower end of the vessel body has a drain outlet on its bottom wall. The stirring shaft is located inside the vessel body, with its upper and lower ends rotatably connected to the vessel body. The stirring shaft has an internally connected liquid-driving chamber and a liquid-guiding chamber. The liquid-driving chamber has a liquid inlet, and the side wall of the liquid-guiding chamber has several liquid-guiding ports. The stirring rod is installed at the liquid-guiding ports, and its internal structure has a liquid-guiding channel. The side wall of the stirring rod has several liquid outlet holes. The drive mechanism is installed at the upper end of the vessel body and is connected to the stirring shaft and drive rod. The lower end of the drive rod extends into the liquid-driving chamber. The drive mechanism drives the stirring shaft and drive rod to rotate, simultaneously causing the drive rod to perform repeated lifting and lowering movements.

7. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a motor, an upper fixed plate, a connecting rod, a lifting plate, and a lower fixed plate. The upper end of the vessel body is provided with a mounting bracket, the motor is mounted on the mounting bracket, the power output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the upper fixed plate, the lower fixed plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the stirring shaft, the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are connected by a connecting rod, there are at least two connecting rods, the lifting plate is set between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate and is slidably connected to the connecting rod, the lower end of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the driving rod, the lower end of the driving rod is provided with a driving block, and the driving block is slidably and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the liquid driving chamber.

8. The method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The drive mechanism also includes a spring, a drive ring, and a guide wheel. The spring is sleeved on the drive rod, with the upper end of the spring abutting against the lifting plate and the lower end of the spring abutting against the lower fixed plate. The drive ring is connected to the mounting bracket, and the lower end of the drive ring is provided with a wave-shaped guide surface. The guide wheel is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate, and the guide wheel rolls and fits against the guide surface.

9. A method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The stirring shaft is fitted with a rotatably connected liquid guide ring on the outside of the liquid inlet. The liquid guide ring is fixedly connected inside the vessel body. The inner wall of the liquid guide ring is provided with an annular flow channel communicating with the liquid inlet. The outer side of the liquid guide ring is provided with a liquid inlet pipe connected to the annular flow channel.

10. A method for preparing a carbon material for adsorbing small and medium molecule toxic substances as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The stirring rod has helical blades on its side wall and drive blades on its outer end.

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