A vertical solid hydrogen storage system

Abstract

This invention discloses a vertical solid hydrogen storage system, comprising a heat exchange medium inlet tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange medium outlet tank disposed within a vertical tank. A fixed central shaft is installed inside the hydrogen storage tank, with 2N rotating partition plates on the central shaft dividing the tank into N hydrogen storage material storage areas and N non-hydrogen storage material storage areas. Each hydrogen storage material storage area has a rotation start-point limiting block on its inner wall near one of the rotating partition plates. The hydrogen storage material storage areas are filled with solid hydrogen storage material, while the non-hydrogen storage material storage areas contain elastic elements that deform accordingly with the rotation of the partition plates. The hydrogen storage material storage areas have hydrogen storage material inlet and outlet pipes, and the hydrogen storage tank has hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes. The heat exchange medium inlet tank and the heat exchange medium outlet tank are connected by heat exchange pipes embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material. This invention simultaneously solves the heat and volume compensation problems during hydrogen charging and discharging, improving the system's reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage technology, specifically relating to a vertical solid hydrogen storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen is considered one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources because its combustion process does not release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and it has a high calorific value. The utilization of hydrogen is inseparable from its storage, which currently includes three main methods: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Solid-state hydrogen storage involves storing hydrogen in the lattice of a solid hydrogen storage alloy material (such as rare earth compounds (LaNi5)), and achieving physically reversible hydrogen addition and release processes by changing the temperature and pressure under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Compared to gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage does not require excessive energy consumption and has advantages such as higher volumetric hydrogen storage density, safety and efficiency, and a stable hydrogen release rate, making it a promising hydrogen storage technology.

[0003] Solid hydrogen storage materials typically expand in volume when absorbing hydrogen and contract in volume when releasing hydrogen. Furthermore, they release a significant amount of heat during hydrogen absorption and require substantial heat replenishment during hydrogen release. Temperature also significantly impacts the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of the storage material. Therefore, to ensure the long-term use of hydrogen storage materials and the rapid and efficient absorption and desorption of hydrogen, it is essential to simultaneously address the heat and volume changes during hydrogen absorption and desorption, designing hydrogen storage devices with high-efficiency heat exchange performance and volume compensation. Otherwise, the absorption and desorption efficiency of solid hydrogen storage will decrease, and with each hydrogen charge and discharge cycle, the expansion and compression of the solid hydrogen storage alloy will cause lattice deformation, leading to a rapid decrease in its capacity. Additionally, the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material subjects the storage shell to significant stress, posing a risk of bulging and cracking. Solving the problems of heat absorption / desorption and volume changes during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of solid hydrogen storage is crucial for ensuring high absorption and desorption rates and directly affects the cost and safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0004] Patent CN117307953A discloses a hydrogen storage and release device that facilitates the replacement of hydrogen storage materials. After the hydrogen storage alloy's hydrogen charging and releasing capacity deteriorates, a new hydrogen storage alloy is injected through the jacket inlet to replace the original hydrogen storage alloy without moving the entire device. This method is convenient and low-cost. However, the volume expansion absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy during the charging and releasing process is poor, and the capacity of the solid hydrogen storage material may decay rapidly. Patent CN103883874B discloses a hydrogen storage tank with an external heat exchange structure. Its structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and low-cost. It has a better heat exchange effect and excellent hydrogen release performance. However, this hydrogen storage tank only has a heat exchange effect and cannot absorb the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and release process. Therefore, it cannot simultaneously solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release, and the tank body is at risk of bulging and rupture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of poor absorption efficiency due to volume expansion during hydrogen charging and discharging in existing solid hydrogen storage systems, and the inability to simultaneously solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release during hydrogen storage, this invention provides a vertical solid hydrogen storage system that solves the problems of volume expansion and heat release during solid hydrogen storage.

[0006] This invention provides a vertical solid hydrogen storage system, comprising a cylindrical vertical tank, a heat exchange medium inlet box, a hydrogen storage box, and a heat exchange medium outlet box arranged coaxially with the vertical tank from top to bottom within the vertical tank; the heat exchange medium inlet box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the vertical tank, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box; the heat exchange medium outlet box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the vertical tank; the hydrogen storage box is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, forming a closed space enclosed by the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, the cylindrical wall of the hydrogen storage box, and the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box; a fixed cylindrical central shaft is arranged coaxially with the hydrogen storage box body within the hydrogen storage box and on the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, with a gap maintained between the top of the central shaft and the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box;

[0007] 2N rotating partition plates are arranged in a cross pattern on the central axis. These 2N rotating partition plates are hinged and can all rotate around the central axis, allowing them to rotate towards or away from each other. They all have the same height, less than or equal to the height of the central axis, and the same radial width, equal to the radius of the hydrogen storage tank. The bottom edges of each rotating partition plate are on the same horizontal plane. The 2N rotating partition plates divide the hydrogen storage tank cavity into N hydrogen storage material storage areas and N non-hydrogen storage material storage areas. The hydrogen storage material storage areas are filled with solid hydrogen storage material. In the hydrogen storage material storage areas, there are rotation start limit blocks on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank near each rotating partition plate. In the non-hydrogen storage material storage areas, there are elastic elements between two adjacent rotating partition plates that support the two rotating partition plates. The elastic elements undergo corresponding compression or expansion deformation as the two rotating partition plates rotate towards or away from each other.

[0008] Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe on the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, which extends through the heat exchange medium inlet box to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank; each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe on the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, which extends through the heat exchange medium outlet box to the outside of the bottom plate of the vertical tank; each hydrogen storage tank wall outside the rotating area of ​​the rotating partition plate is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet.

[0009] The bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet tank and the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet tank, located within the hydrogen storage material storage area, have corresponding openings. Heat exchange tubes are installed in these openings, penetrating the hydrogen storage tank axially and embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material. The heat exchange medium inlet tank and the heat exchange medium outlet tank are connected by heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange medium inlet tank has a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet tank has a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet tank, heat exchange tubes, heat exchange medium outlet tank, and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and interconnected cavity, allowing the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filling the hydrogen storage material storage area or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage tank is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet tank or the heat exchange medium outlet tank.

[0010] Each rotating partition plate has a sleeve at its rotation axis. Each rotating partition plate is fitted onto the central shaft via its sleeve. The height of each sleeve is less than the height of the rotating partition plate. The sum of the sleeve heights of 2N rotating partition plates equals the height of the rotating partition plate. The position of each sleeve on its corresponding rotating partition plate gradually increases from bottom to top along the central axis. The increase in height is equal to the axial height of the sleeve of the previous rotating partition plate. That is, the bottom height of the sleeve of the next rotating partition plate is the top height of the sleeve of the previous rotating partition plate. The bottom of the sleeve at the bottom of the central shaft is aligned with its corresponding rotation axis. The bottom edge of the moving partition plate is flush with the top edge of the sleeve at the top of the central axis, which is flush with the top edge of the corresponding rotating partition plate. A stepped notch with a width equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve is reserved on the rotation axis of each rotating partition plate where there is no sleeve. A rotating seal is provided at the contact point between the stepped notch of each rotating partition plate and the outer wall of the sleeve of the remaining rotating partition plates in the 2N rotating partition plates. The rotating seal can be a packing seal to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area. N in 2N is a natural number greater than zero. As a preferred option, N can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0011] During installation, the rotating partition plate with the sleeve at the bottom is installed first, followed by the rotating partition plate with the sleeve at the top. The bottom end of the sleeve on the latter rotating partition plate contacts and overlaps with the top end of the sleeve on the former rotating partition plate, so that the sleeves of each rotating partition plate are seamlessly wrapped around the central shaft. The bottom height of each rotating partition plate is consistent and they are all tightly attached to the top end of the heat exchange medium collection box. The top height of each rotating partition plate is consistent, and each rotating partition plate can rotate around the central shaft independently.

[0012] All elastic elements mentioned are conventional elastic elements. These can be torsion springs, sheet springs, etc. Each elastic element typically has a rotation axis and two open, angled support arms, with the rotation axis fixedly connected to the two support arms. For a torsion spring, the rotation axis is its axis; for a herringbone sheet spring, the rotation axis is the connection point of the two support arms; for a fishtail sheet spring, the rotation axis is the center line of the base of the open-top, triangular-section sheet. During initial installation, it is advisable to use a rotation starting point limiting block to maintain a certain degree of compression deformation in the elastic element. This is beneficial because when the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume shrinks, ceasing to provide thrust to the rotating partition plates, the elastic element will then provide thrust to the rotating partition plates, causing adjacent partition plates to rotate in opposite directions, returning to their pre-filling state. For the elastic element, when the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and its volume increases, it pushes the two adjacent rotating partition plates to rotate in opposite directions, increasing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity and compressing and deforming the elastic element, accumulating elastic potential energy inside. When the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume decreases, the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the elastic element is released, pushing the two adjacent rotating partition plates to rotate in opposite directions, reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity and returning it to its initial state to prepare for the next hydrogen charging and discharging process. If the hydrogen storage tank axis is relatively high, multiple elastic elements can be installed in a direction parallel to the hydrogen storage tank axis to ensure more uniform force distribution on the rotating partition plates.

[0013] There are two main ways to fix the elastic element. One way is to fix the rotation axis of the elastic element and not fix the two support arms. The other way is to fix the two support arms of the elastic element to two adjacent rotating partition plates respectively and not fix its rotation axis.

[0014] When the elastic element is a torsion spring with a certain angle between its two ends, the torsion spring can be fixed by connecting the support arms at both ends of the spring to two adjacent rotating partition plates, or by setting a cylindrical spring shaft above the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box and fixing the torsion spring on the spring shaft.

[0015] When the elastic element is a spring sheet, it can be an elastic element with a certain curvature. It can also be a fishtail-type spring sheet, which is a combination of a triangular spring sheet and a push rod. The push rod is also the support arm. The triangular spring sheet has a triangular structure with a broken upper part and a connected lower part. The push rod is set on the outside of the triangular spring sheet. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the small end of the triangle, and the other end extends out of the large end of the triangular spring sheet and is fixedly connected to two adjacent rotating partition plates. When the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and its volume increases, it pushes the two adjacent rotating partition plates to rotate in opposite directions, increasing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity. This causes the distance between the two push rods to decrease, and the leverage of the push rods causes the small end of the upper triangle of the fishtail to increase, accumulating elastic potential energy inside the spring sheet. When the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume decreases, the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the spring sheet is released, pushing the two adjacent rotating partition plates to rotate in opposite directions, reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity and returning it to its initial state to prepare for the next hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0016] The heat exchange tubes are arranged in a ring, equilateral triangle, or regular quadrilateral pattern within the cross-section of the hydrogen storage material storage area to ensure that heat can be uniformly dissipated or replenished throughout the hydrogen storage tank. The heat exchange tubes are preferably circular, with an outer diameter of 19–80 mm. When the heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in a ring, the circumferential spacing between the heat exchange tubes should be 30–100 mm, and the radial spacing should be 40–150 mm. When the heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle pattern, the side length of the equilateral triangle should be 25–150 mm; when the heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in a regular quadrilateral pattern, the side length of the regular quadrilateral should be 30–150 mm.

[0017] Each rotating partition plate and its sleeve can be integrally formed, or they can be sealed together by bolting, bonding, welding or other fixing methods, so that the rotating partition plate and the sleeve can rotate together around the central axis.

[0018] To prevent hydrogen storage materials from mixing in the hydrogen storage area and the non-hydrogen storage area, and to prevent wear of the solid hydrogen storage material at points of relative movement caused by rotation, while also reducing friction, a rotation seal is installed at the contact points between each rotating partition plate and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, as well as at the contact points with the upper part of the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet tank. The rotation seal can be achieved by means of packing seal or other methods.

[0019] Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. Hydrogen storage material is added to and removed from the storage area through these pipes. The hydrogen storage material enters the storage area within the hydrogen storage tank through the inlet pipe and accumulates above the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet tank. Typically, the accumulation height of the solid hydrogen storage material should be less than the height of the rotating partition plate. As a preferred method to achieve this, the lower end of the inlet pipe should extend into the hydrogen storage tank below the top of the rotating partition plate. To maximize the utilization of the cavity volume of the vertical solid hydrogen storage system, the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area should be large, while the volume of the non-hydrogen storage material storage area should be small. The volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area should ideally be 2 to 6 times the volume of the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

[0020] To ensure that each rotating partition plate rotates within a certain area and protects the internal components in the hydrogen storage material area, a rotation endpoint limit block corresponding to each rotating partition plate is installed on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank within a certain range near the rotation start limit block corresponding to each rotating partition plate in the non-hydrogen storage material area. This ensures that each rotating partition plate can only rotate within the angle corresponding to its corresponding rotation start limit block and rotation endpoint limit block.

[0021] Because the tops of the hydrogen storage material storage area and the non-hydrogen storage material storage area are connected, hydrogen can enter the hydrogen storage material storage area from the non-hydrogen storage material storage area. As a preferred embodiment, to accelerate the flow of hydrogen to the hydrogen storage material storage area, each rotating partition plate can have connecting holes, allowing hydrogen to flow between the non-hydrogen storage material storage area and the hydrogen storage material storage area. The connecting holes are arranged in a ring, equilateral triangle, or regular quadrilateral on the rotating partition plate. The connecting holes are preferably circular, with a diameter smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. When the connecting holes are evenly distributed in a ring, the circumferential spacing between the holes is preferably 20–80 mm, and the radial spacing is preferably 40–60 mm. When the connecting holes are evenly distributed in equilateral triangles, the side length of the equilateral triangles is preferably 20–60 mm; when the connecting holes are evenly distributed in regular quadrilaterals, the side length of the regular quadrilaterals is preferably 20–50 mm.

[0022] In theory, the hydrogen inlet and outlet can be located anywhere on the wall of the hydrogen storage tank. However, to minimize wear on the hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen inlet and outlet should not be located within the rotating area of ​​each rotating partition. If the hydrogen inlet and outlet are located on the wall corresponding to the hydrogen storage area, a filter screen should be installed inside the opening to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering and clogging the openings. The filter screen can be one or more layers, and the opening diameter should be smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably less than 40% of the minimum particle size. Two or more hydrogen inlets and outlets can be provided to increase the charging and discharging speed. Alternatively, the hydrogen inlet and outlet can be combined into one, with only one hydrogen inlet and outlet serving as both.

[0023] As a preferred option, a filter screen such as a wire mesh can be installed on the connecting holes to prevent fine, broken solid hydrogen storage material particles from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area through the connecting holes. The pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably 10% to 30% of the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. To reduce potential damage to the filter screen caused by the addition and removal of solid hydrogen storage material, the filter screen should preferably be installed on one side of the rotating partition plate located within the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

[0024] As an alternative, each rotating partition plate can also be made of triangular or V-shaped mesh. These meshes simultaneously act as a barrier for the solid hydrogen storage material and facilitate the flow and distribution of hydrogen. The advantages of V-shaped mesh are its high rigidity, simple structure, and ease of manufacture. The cross-section of the V-shaped mesh is V-shaped or triangular, with wedge-shaped gaps. The narrowest point of the wedge-shaped gap contacts the solid hydrogen storage material, ensuring that the internal solid hydrogen storage material does not leak out. Hydrogen can pass through the wedge-shaped gaps and contact the solid hydrogen storage material with a larger surface area. The narrowest point of the wedge-shaped gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably 30% to 80% of the minimum particle size.

[0025] When loading solid hydrogen storage material, the outlet pipe is closed and the inlet pipe is open. Under gravity, the hydrogen storage material enters from the inlet pipe and is stored in the storage area of ​​the hydrogen storage tank. When the hydrogen storage material needs replacement due to its lifespan decline, the outlet pipe is opened, and under gravity, the hydrogen storage material in the storage area leaves the hydrogen storage system through the outlet pipe. The inlet and outlet pipes should preferably be cylindrical with a diameter of 50–400 mm.

[0026] Depending on the different needs of hydrogen filling and discharging, during hydrogen filling, a low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet. Through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the heat exchange tubes, absorbing the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage area due to hydrogen absorption. This heat is then collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet, thus lowering the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material. When hydrogen needs to be released from the solid hydrogen storage material, a high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet. Through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the heat exchange tubes, providing heat to the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. The solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen. The heat exchange medium, after releasing heat, collects in the heat exchange medium outlet box and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet. By using the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the hydrogen storage area or replenish heat to the hydrogen storage area, the hydrogen absorption and release process is ensured to proceed at a high rate. Fluids such as water, nitrogen, and air can be used as the heat exchange medium.

[0027] As a preferred solution, to ensure that all solid hydrogen storage material is filled within the hydrogen storage area and to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from expanding and clogging the outlet pipe during hydrogen filling, a plug can be installed inside the outlet pipe. The plug consists of a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder, a handle, and an installation ring. The baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet pipe, typically 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the baffle cylinder is closed by the baffle, while the other end is open, with the baffle end inserted into the outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe during non-discharge operations. A handle, which can be made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end for easy installation and removal of the plug. The gap between the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material and the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is sealed with filler such as ceramic fiber rope to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope should be 5-11 mm. To ensure that the outlet pipe plug of the hydrogen storage material is fixed inside the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material, an installation ring is set at the open end. The installation ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the installation ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material so that the installation ring can be fixed to the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material with screws.

[0028] As a preferred solution, to avoid problems such as caking or poor flowability of solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage tank, which can lead to difficulties in unloading, a loosening air inlet can be installed on the wall of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the hydrogen storage material storage area. During the unloading process of solid hydrogen storage materials, inert gases such as high-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide can be introduced to facilitate the smoother discharge of solid hydrogen storage materials.

[0029] When filling the hydrogen storage system with solid hydrogen storage material, open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to fill the hydrogen storage material storage area in the hydrogen storage tank. Keep both the hydrogen storage material inlet and outlet pipes closed during the charging and discharging process. When unloading the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage system, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to unload the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage material storage area in the hydrogen storage tank. When unloading the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe can also be opened as a vent. The purpose of opening the inlet pipe is to maintain pressure balance in the hydrogen storage tank and prevent negative pressure from forming inside the tank during rapid unloading of the solid hydrogen storage material, which would make it difficult to unload the solid hydrogen storage material or cause the tank to collapse due to negative pressure. If the solid hydrogen storage material has poor flowability and cannot be unloaded due to caking, compression, or other reasons, the loosening air inlet can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material, allowing it to be unloaded from the hydrogen storage tank more smoothly.

[0030] During the filling process of this vertical solid hydrogen storage system, the hydrogen inlet is opened, while the hydrogen outlet, hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and hydrogen storage material outlet pipe are closed, creating a sealed cavity within the hydrogen storage tank that allows only inflow and no outflow. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen inlet and then flows into the hydrogen storage material storage area. Under pressure, hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. During the hydrogen filling process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material increases, and the two adjacent rotating partition plates rotate towards each other in the non-hydrogen storage area. The volume of the hydrogen storage area increases, compensating for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material. The compression between the solid hydrogen storage materials decreases, and the hydrogen storage tank avoids the risk of bulging. During this process, the elastic element is compressed, and the elastic potential energy increases. Since the solid hydrogen storage material releases heat during the absorption of hydrogen, the temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank rises after the heat released during hydrogen filling reaches a certain level. At this time, a low-temperature medium is introduced into the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the distribution action of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the heat exchange tube connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the heat transfer action of the heat exchange tube, the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank due to the absorption of hydrogen is absorbed and collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box, and then leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet. The temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank is reduced, allowing the hydrogen filling to proceed at a higher rate.

[0031] During hydrogen release, this vertical solid-state hydrogen storage system opens the hydrogen outlet and closes the hydrogen inlet, hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, creating a sealed cavity within the storage tank that allows only outflow and no inflow. Hydrogen is released from the solid storage material and fills the tank, building up pressure before exiting the system through the outlet to supply downstream devices or external equipment. After releasing hydrogen, the solid storage material decreases in volume, and the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic element is gradually released, pushing two adjacent rotating partition plates to rotate in opposite directions towards the hydrogen storage area. The elastic element gradually releases its elastic potential energy, further reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage area and restoring the rotating partition plates to their pre-filling state to prepare for the next hydrogen filling and releasing process. Since solid hydrogen storage materials need to absorb heat to release the hydrogen stored inside, the high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box through the heat exchange medium inlet and then enters the heat exchange tube connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the heat transfer function of the heat exchange tube, the heat required for the solid hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is input and collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box, and then leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet, so that the hydrogen release can be carried out at a high rate.

[0032] The same medium can be used during hydrogen charging and discharging. By setting up external heaters or coolers, the heat exchange medium is cooled during hydrogen charging and heated during hydrogen discharging, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1) By storing hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage materials, there is no need for harsh conditions such as high pressure or low temperature. The hydrogen storage process does not require excessive energy consumption, and it is safe, efficient and has a stable hydrogen release rate.

[0035] 2) By setting up rotating elements and heat exchange elements, the heat and volume compensation problems in the hydrogen charging and discharging process are solved at the same time, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging can be carried out at a higher rate; the rotating elements allow the storage area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material to increase or decrease with the change in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen charging and discharging process, so that the mutual expansion and compression of the solid hydrogen storage material is less, and the internal lattice of the solid hydrogen storage alloy material can still maintain a good morphology after more hydrogen charging and discharging cycles, resulting in slower decay of hydrogen storage capacity and longer life of solid hydrogen storage material.

[0036] 3) By rotating the element, the volume of the hydrogen storage area can be changed, which greatly reduces the stress applied to the hydrogen storage shell caused by volume expansion, avoids the risk of bulging and cracking of the solid hydrogen storage shell, and improves the safety and reliability of solid hydrogen storage and reduces the cost of solid hydrogen storage by setting a limiting device. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure along the AA direction;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure in the middle BB direction;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A top-view structural diagram along the CC axis;

[0041] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure along the DD direction;

[0042] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure along the EE direction;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a top view of the structure of the first rotating partition plate;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first rotating partition plate;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a top view of the second rotating partition plate.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second rotating partition plate;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a top view of the third rotating partition plate.

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the third rotating partition plate;

[0049] Figure 13 This is a top view of the fourth rotating partition plate.

[0050] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fourth rotating partition plate;

[0051] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a torsion spring, one of the elastic elements.

[0052] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fishtail spring, one of the elastic elements.

[0053] Figure 17 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure for plugging the outlet of hydrogen storage materials.

[0054] In the diagram: 1-Vertical tank, 2-Heat exchange medium inlet box, 3-Hydrogen storage tank, 4-Hydrogen inlet, 5-Solid hydrogen storage material, 6-Central shaft, 7-Second sleeve, 8-Hydrogen outlet, 9-Loosening air inlet, 10-Heat exchange medium outlet box, 11-Hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 12-Hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 13-Heat exchange medium outlet, 14-Hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 15-Hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 16-Top plate of heat exchange medium outlet box, 17-Loosening air inlet, 18-Hydrogen outlet, 19-Heat exchange pipe, 20-Hydrogen inlet, 21-Bottom plate of heat exchange medium inlet box, 22-Heat exchange medium inlet, 23-Hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 24-Hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 25-Second rotating partition plate, 26-Non-hydrogen storage material storage area, 27-First rotating end point limit block, 28-Filling 29-First rotation start limit block, 30-First rotation partition plate, 31-Hydrogen storage material storage area, 32-Elastic element, 33-Support arm, 34-Triangular spring piece, 35-Support arm, 36-Baffle, 37-Packing seal, 38-Baffle cylinder, 39-Handle, 40-Mounting ring, 41-First sleeve, 42-Second rotation start limit block, 43-Second rotation end limit block, 44-First packing seal, 45-Second packing seal, 46-Third sleeve, 47-Fourth sleeve, 48-Fourth rotation partition plate, 49-Fourth rotation start limit block, 50-Fourth rotation end limit block, 51-Third rotation start limit block, 52-Third rotation end limit block, 53-Third rotation partition plate, 54-Third packing seal, 55-Fourth packing seal. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] The number of rotating partition plates in this invention is an even number 2N. Different implementation methods can be used depending on the number of rotating partition plates. The following description takes N as 2, that is, four rotating partition plates, as an example.

[0057] like Figures 1-6As shown, the vertical solid hydrogen storage system provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical vertical tank 1, a heat exchange medium inlet box 2, a hydrogen storage box 3, and a heat exchange medium outlet box 10 arranged coaxially with the vertical tank 1 from top to bottom inside the vertical tank 1; the heat exchange medium inlet box 2 is formed by the top end cap of the vertical tank and the bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet box, and the top end cap of the vertical tank is equivalent to the combination of the top plate of the vertical tank and the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank; the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 is formed by the top plate 16 of the heat exchange medium outlet box and the bottom end cap of the vertical tank. The vertical tank body is enclosed by a bottom end cap, which is equivalent to the combination of the vertical tank body wall and the vertical tank body bottom plate. The hydrogen storage tank 3 is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet box. It is a closed space enclosed by the bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet box, the wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3, and the top plate 16 of the heat exchange medium outlet box. A fixed cylindrical central shaft 6 is set coaxially with the body of the hydrogen storage tank 3 on the top plate 16 of the heat exchange medium outlet box. A gap is maintained between the top of the central shaft 6 and the bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet box.

[0058] Four rotating partition plates are hinged on the central shaft 6: the first rotating partition plate 30, the second rotating partition plate 25, the third rotating partition plate 53, and the fourth rotating partition plate 48. The four rotating partition plates correspond to the first sleeve 41, the second sleeve 7, the third sleeve 46, and the fourth sleeve 47, respectively. The height of each sleeve is equal to one-quarter of the height of the rotating partition plate. Each rotating partition plate is fitted onto the central shaft 6 through its sleeve. The position of each sleeve on its corresponding rotating partition plate gradually increases from bottom to top along the central shaft 6, with the increase being one-quarter of the height of the rotating partition plate. The bottom of the central shaft 6 is the first sleeve 41, and the bottom end of the first sleeve 41 is flush with the bottom edge of its corresponding first rotating partition plate 30. Above the first sleeve 41 are the second sleeve 7, the third sleeve 46, and the fourth sleeve 47, respectively. The fourth sleeve 47 is located at the top of the central shaft 6, and the top end of the fourth sleeve 47 is flush with the top edge of its corresponding fourth rotating partition plate 48. The bottom edges of the four rotating partition plates are all located in the same horizontal plane.

[0059] Where no sleeve is provided on the rotation axis of each rotating partition, a stepped notch with a width equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve is retained (see...). Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 14 Each rotating partition plate has a stepped notch at its contact point with the outer wall of the sleeve of the other three rotating partition plates, where a rotating seal is provided; the first rotating partition plate 30 has a stepped notch at its contact point with the outer wall of the sleeve of the other three rotating partition plates, where a first packing seal 44 is provided (see...). Figures 3-5 The stepped notch of the second rotating partition plate 25 is fitted with a second packing seal 45 at the contact point between its surface and the outer wall of the sleeve of the other three rotating partition plates (see...). Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The stepped notch of the third rotating partition plate 53 is fitted with a third packing seal 54 at the contact point between its surface and the outer wall of the sleeve of the other three rotating partition plates (see...). Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The stepped notch of the fourth rotating partition plate 48 is fitted with a fourth packing seal 55 at the contact point between its surface and the outer wall of the sleeve of the other three rotating partition plates (see...). Figures 4-6 Each rotating partition plate is equipped with a packing seal 28 at the contact point with the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 (see...). Figures 3-6 ).

[0060] Four rotating partitions divide the hydrogen storage tank 3 cavity into two symmetrically arranged hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 and two non-hydrogen storage material storage areas 26. The hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 are filled with solid hydrogen storage material 5. A first rotation start limit block 29 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 near the first rotating partition 30 within the hydrogen storage material storage area 31. A first rotation end limit block 27 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 within a certain range near the first rotation start limit block 29 in the non-hydrogen storage material storage areas 26. A second rotation start limit block 42 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 near the second rotating partition 25 within the hydrogen storage material storage area 31. A second rotation start limit block 42 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 within a certain range near the second rotation start limit block 29 in the non-hydrogen storage area 26. A second rotation endpoint limit block 43 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 within a certain range of the point limit block 42; a third rotation start point limit block 51 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 near the third rotation partition plate 53 in the hydrogen storage material storage area 31; a third rotation endpoint limit block 52 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 within a certain range of the third rotation start point limit block 51 in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26; a fourth rotation start point limit block 49 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 near the fourth rotation partition plate 48 in the hydrogen storage material storage area 31; a fourth rotation endpoint limit block 50 is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 3 within a certain range of the fourth rotation start point limit block 49 in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26.

[0061] Within the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26, elastic elements 32 are provided between the first rotating partition plate 30 and the second rotating partition plate 25, and between the third rotating partition plate 53 and the fourth rotating partition plate 48, to support the first rotating partition plate 30 and the second rotating partition plate 25, and to support the third rotating partition plate 53 and the fourth rotating partition plate 48. The elastic elements 32 undergo corresponding compression or extension deformation as the first rotating partition plate 30 and the second rotating partition plate 25, and the third rotating partition plate 53 and the fourth rotating partition plate 48 rotate in opposite directions or in opposite directions. The elastic elements 32 are fixedly connected to the first rotating partition plate 30 and the second rotating partition plate 25, and to the third rotating partition plate 53 and the fourth rotating partition plate 48, respectively, through their two support arms.

[0062] The bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet tank corresponding to the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 is respectively provided with hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 23 and hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 24. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 23 and 24 extend through the heat exchange medium inlet tank 2 to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank 1. The top plate 16 of the heat exchange medium outlet tank corresponding to the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 is respectively provided with hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 and hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11. The hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 14 and 11 extend through the heat exchange medium outlet tank 10 to the outside of the vertical tank 1. Outside the bottom plate of the vertical tank; the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 23 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 correspond to each other, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 24 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 correspond to each other, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug 15, and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug 12; each hydrogen storage material storage area 31 has a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet on its cylinder wall, where hydrogen inlet 4 and hydrogen outlet 8 correspond to each other, and hydrogen inlet 20 and hydrogen outlet 18 correspond to each other. The lower part of the cylinder wall of the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 is equipped with a loosening air inlet 9 and a loosening air inlet 17, respectively.

[0063] The bottom plate 21 of the heat exchange medium inlet box and the top plate 16 of the heat exchange medium outlet box are provided with corresponding openings in the hydrogen storage material storage area 31. Heat exchange tubes 19 are installed in the openings. The heat exchange tubes 19 penetrate the hydrogen storage box 3 along the axial direction and are embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The heat exchange medium inlet box 2 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 are connected by the heat exchange tubes 19. The heat exchange medium inlet box 2 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 22, and the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet 13. The heat exchange medium inlet 22, the heat exchange medium inlet box 2, the heat exchange tubes 19, the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 and the heat exchange medium outlet 13 form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material 5 filled in the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The hydrogen storage box 3 is not connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box 2 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 10.

[0064] Figures 7-8 A structural schematic diagram of the first rotating partition plate 30 is given.

[0065] Figures 9-10 A schematic diagram of the second rotating partition plate 25 is given.

[0066] Figures 11-12 A schematic diagram of the third rotating partition plate 53 is given.

[0067] Figures 13-14 A schematic diagram of the fourth rotating partition plate 48 is given.

[0068] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a torsion spring, one of the elastic elements. It has two support arms 33, and its rotation axis is the axis of the torsion spring body.

[0069] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fishtail spring, one of the elastic elements. It consists of a triangular spring 34 and two support arms 35, and its rotation axis is the center line of the bottom edge of the triangular spring with an opening at the top.

[0070] Figure 17 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure for plugging the outlet of hydrogen storage materials. As shown in the figure, the hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle 36, a packing seal 37, a baffle cylinder 38, a handle 39, and an installation ring 40. The baffle cylinder 38 is a cylinder with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11, typically 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the baffle cylinder 38 is closed by the baffle 36, while the other end is open. The baffle end is inserted into the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe 11 when not unloading. A handle 39 is provided at the open end of the baffle cylinder 38. The handle 39 can be made of round steel or angle steel, etc. The gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is filled with a packing seal 37, such as a ceramic fiber rope. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope should preferably be 5-11 mm. The installation ring 40 is a circular ring that fits over the baffle cylinder 38. A circular hole is made on the installation ring 40, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 so that the installation ring 40 can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 with screws.

[0071] The operation process of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0072] 1) Loading and unloading of solid hydrogen storage materials

[0073] Close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 14, and open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23. Under gravity, the solid hydrogen storage material 5 enters the hydrogen storage tank 3 through the inlet pipes 24 and 23. When the solid hydrogen storage material 5 needs replacement due to its declining lifespan, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 14. Under gravity, the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage tank 3 leaves the hydrogen storage system through the outlet pipes 11 and 14. If the solid hydrogen storage material 5 cannot be discharged due to poor flowability caused by caking, compression, or other reasons, the loosening air inlets 9 and 17 can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material 5, allowing it to be discharged more smoothly from the hydrogen storage tank 3.

[0074] 2) Hydrogen charging of solid hydrogen storage materials

[0075] Simultaneously close hydrogen outlets 8 and 18, hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23, hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 14, and loosening air inlets 9 and 17, and open hydrogen inlets 4 and 20. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 3 through hydrogen inlets 4 and 20 and is absorbed and stored by the solid hydrogen storage material 5. During the hydrogen charging process, the low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 2 from the heat exchange medium inlet 22, and enters the heat exchange tube 19 through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box 2. After absorbing the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage tank 3 due to the absorption of hydrogen, it is collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet 13. During the hydrogen charging process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 5 increases, causing the first rotating partition plate 30, the second rotating partition plate 25, the third rotating partition plate 53, and the fourth rotating partition plate 48 to rotate in opposite directions toward the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26. The elastic element 32 undergoes compression deformation, and the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 increases, compensating for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The hydrogen storage tank 3 avoids the risk of bulging.

[0076] 3) Hydrogen release from solid hydrogen storage materials

[0077] Simultaneously close hydrogen inlets 4 and 20, hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23, hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 14, and loosening air inlets 9 and 17, while opening hydrogen outlets 8 and 18. The high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 2 from heat exchange medium inlet 22, and through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box 2, enters the heat exchange tube 19, providing heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage box 3. The solid hydrogen storage material 5 absorbs heat and releases hydrogen gas, which leaves the hydrogen storage system through hydrogen outlets 8 and 18. The heat exchange medium, after releasing heat, collects in the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 and leaves the hydrogen storage system through heat exchange medium outlet 13. The heat exchange medium can be water, nitrogen, air, or other fluids. After the solid hydrogen storage material 5 releases hydrogen, its volume decreases. Under the action of elastic force, the elastic element 32 expands and deforms, pushing the first rotating partition plate 30, the second rotating partition plate 25, the third rotating partition plate 53, and the fourth rotating partition plate 48 to rotate in opposite directions toward the hydrogen storage material storage area 31, so that the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 can be restored to its state before hydrogen filling as much as possible.

Claims

1. A vertical solid hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: It includes a cylindrical vertical tank, a heat exchange medium inlet box, a hydrogen storage box, and a heat exchange medium outlet box arranged coaxially with the vertical tank from top to bottom; the heat exchange medium inlet box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the vertical tank, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box; the heat exchange medium outlet box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the vertical tank; the hydrogen storage box is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, and is a closed space enclosed by the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, the cylindrical wall of the hydrogen storage box, and the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box; a fixed cylindrical central axis is arranged coaxially with the hydrogen storage box body inside the hydrogen storage box and on the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, with a gap maintained between the top of the central axis and the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box; 2N rotating partition plates are arranged in a cross pattern on the central axis. These 2N rotating partition plates are hinged and can all rotate around the central axis, allowing them to rotate towards or away from each other. They all have the same height, less than or equal to the height of the central axis, and the same radial width, equal to the radius of the hydrogen storage tank. The bottom edges of each rotating partition plate are on the same horizontal plane. The 2N rotating partition plates divide the hydrogen storage tank cavity into N hydrogen storage material storage areas and N non-hydrogen storage material storage areas. The hydrogen storage material storage areas are filled with solid hydrogen storage material. In the hydrogen storage material storage areas, there are rotation start limit blocks on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank near each rotating partition plate. In the non-hydrogen storage material storage areas, there are elastic elements between two adjacent rotating partition plates that support the two rotating partition plates. The elastic elements undergo corresponding compression or expansion deformation as the two rotating partition plates rotate towards or away from each other. Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe on the bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box, which extends through the heat exchange medium inlet box to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank; each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe on the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet box, which extends through the heat exchange medium outlet box to the outside of the bottom plate of the vertical tank; each hydrogen storage tank wall outside the rotating area of ​​the rotating partition plate is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The bottom plate of the heat exchange medium inlet tank and the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet tank, located within the hydrogen storage material storage area, have corresponding openings. Heat exchange tubes are installed in these openings, penetrating the hydrogen storage tank axially and embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material. The heat exchange medium inlet tank and the heat exchange medium outlet tank are connected by heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange medium inlet tank has a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet tank has a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet tank, heat exchange tubes, heat exchange medium outlet tank, and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and interconnected cavity, allowing the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filling the hydrogen storage material storage area or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage tank is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet tank or the heat exchange medium outlet tank. In the 2N, N is a natural number greater than zero.

2. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug.

3. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder, and a handle. The baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. One end of the baffle cylinder is closed with a baffle, and the other end is open. The baffle end is inserted into the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe when not unloading. A handle, made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end for installing and removing the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. A packing seal is installed in the gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them.

4. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a mounting ring at the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe so that the mounting ring can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with screws.

5. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each rotating partition plate has a sleeve at its rotation axis. Each rotating partition plate is fitted onto the central shaft through its sleeve. The height of each sleeve is less than the height of the rotating partition plate. The sum of the heights of the sleeves of 2N rotating partition plates equals the height of the rotating partition plate. The position of each sleeve on its corresponding rotating partition plate gradually increases from bottom to top along the central axis. The increase in height is the axial height of the sleeve of the previous rotating partition plate. That is, the bottom height of the sleeve of the next rotating partition plate is the top height of the sleeve of the previous rotating partition plate. The bottom of the sleeve at the bottom of the central shaft is flush with the bottom edge of its corresponding rotating partition plate, and the top of the sleeve at the top of the central shaft is flush with the top edge of its corresponding rotating partition plate. Where there is no sleeve on the rotation axis of each rotating partition plate, a stepped notch with a width equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve is reserved.

6. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotation seal is provided at the contact point between the stepped notch of each rotating partition plate and the outer wall of the sleeve of the remaining rotating partition plates in the 2N rotating partition plates.

7. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a torsion spring, a herringbone spring, or a fishtail spring.

8. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fishtail-type spring is a combination structure of a triangular spring and a push rod. The triangular spring has a triangular structure with a broken upper part and a connected lower part. The push rod is set on the outside of the triangular spring. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the small end of the triangle, and the other end extends out of the large end of the triangular spring and is fixedly connected to two adjacent rotating partition plates respectively.

9. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rotary seals are provided at the contact points between each rotating partition plate and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, as well as at the contact points with the upper part of the top plate of the heat exchange medium outlet tank.

10. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe extends into the hydrogen storage tank at a position lower than the top of the rotating partition plate.

11. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within the non-hydrogen storage material storage area, on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, near the starting point limit block corresponding to each rotating partition, a rotation end point limit block is provided, ensuring that each rotating partition can only rotate within the angle corresponding to its corresponding starting point limit block and rotation end point limit block.

12. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each rotating partition plate has a connecting hole with a diameter smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, so that hydrogen can flow between the non-hydrogen storage material storage area and the hydrogen storage material storage area.

13. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that: A filter screen is installed on the connecting hole to prevent broken, fine solid hydrogen storage material particles from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area through the connecting hole. The pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. The filter screen is located on one side of the rotating partition plate located in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

14. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet and outlet are located on the cylinder wall corresponding to the hydrogen storage material storage area. Filter screens are installed inside the open pipes of the hydrogen inlet and outlet, and the opening diameter of the filter screens is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material.

15. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each rotating partition plate is made of a triangular or V-shaped screen. The triangular or V-shaped screen serves to both block the solid hydrogen storage material and allow hydrogen to flow and distribute. The cross-section of the triangular or V-shaped screen is V-shaped or triangular, and its gap is a wedge-shaped gap. The narrowest part of the wedge-shaped gap contacts the solid hydrogen storage material to ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material inside will not leak out of the gap. Hydrogen can pass through the wedge-shaped gap, and the narrowest part of the wedge-shaped gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material.

16. The vertical solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A loosening air inlet is provided on the wall of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the hydrogen storage material storage area.

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