Ionospheric TEC data completion method, device and equipment and storage medium
By using the AOT-GAN model to complete the MIT-TEC map, the problem of incomplete ionospheric TEC data was solved, and the complete presentation of global ionospheric TEC data and the reflection of small-scale variation characteristics at high spatiotemporal resolution were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410403622.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing ionospheric TEC data are incomplete globally, especially in marine areas, and existing machine learning methods are prone to structural distortion and texture blurring when applied to high-resolution TEC data.
The AOT-GAN model was used to extract the mask for missing areas in the MIT-TEC map, and the IGS-TEC map was used for coverage and training. The MIT-TEC map was then completed using deep learning technology, and the VTEC observations from the ocean altimeter satellite were used for evaluation.
It achieves a complete presentation and reflection of global ionospheric TEC data while maintaining high spatiotemporal resolution, thereby improving the global predictive capability of TEC data and reflecting small-scale change characteristics.
Smart Images
Figure CN118887137B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of ionospheric technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for ionospheric TEC data completion. Background Technology
[0002] As one of the important parameters characterizing the dynamic changes of the ionosphere, the determination of TEC (Total Electron Content) is crucial for space weather research and various applications.
[0003] Currently, global ionospheric TEC data products typically include two types: one is a high spatiotemporal resolution global TEC product with blank areas provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the other is a complete global ionospheric TEC product provided by various Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) that is fitted through modeling methods based on mathematical models.
[0004] Although the former (conceptual technology) offers higher spatiotemporal resolution, reflecting the structure and changes at small scales in the ionosphere, its TEC data is incomplete globally due to limited receiver coverage, especially in ocean regions, which limits its application. For areas where ionospheric TECs cannot be detected, the traditional approach is to model the global ionosphere using mathematical models such as spherical harmonic functions or trigonometric series, fitting the missing TEC coverage areas globally using mathematical methods. However, fitting global ionospheric TECs using existing function models often results in over-smoothing, leading to poor performance at small and medium scales. In recent years, machine learning methods, primarily GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) models, have been increasingly applied to address the incompleteness of TEC maps. However, these models are typically designed for low- to medium-resolution TEC maps; applying them directly to higher-resolution TEC data often leads to structural distortion, texture blurring, and artifacts. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for ionospheric TEC data completion, which enables MIT-TEC to not only reflect the small-scale variation characteristics of ionospheric TEC, but also to present the spatiotemporal variation of ionospheric TEC globally.
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for ionospheric TEC data completion, the method comprising:
[0007] The missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times are used as masks for extraction;
[0008] The extracted mask data is used to cover the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map;
[0009] The missing IGS-TEC map is used as the input to the AOT-GAN model, and the complete IGS-TEC map is used as the output of the AOT-GAN model to train the AOT-GAN model.
[0010] The trained AOT-GAN model was used to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, so as to complete the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map.
[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the step of extracting the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask includes:
[0012] Based on a 15-minute temporal resolution, the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map within a day are used as masks for extraction.
[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, it further includes:
[0014] In the MIT-TEC map, 10% to 20% of the data regions were randomly added as masked regions to evaluate the repair effect of the AOT-GAN model on MIT-TEC.
[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, it further includes:
[0016] The effectiveness of the restored MIT-TEC map in marine regions was evaluated using the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter aboard an ocean altimeter.
[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an ionospheric TEC data completion device, the ionospheric TEC data completion device comprising:
[0018] The extraction module is used to extract the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask;
[0019] The overlay module uses the extracted mask data to overlay the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map.
[0020] The training module is used to train the AOT-GAN model by taking the missing IGS-TEC map as input and the complete IGS-TEC map as output.
[0021] The repair module uses a trained AOT-GAN model to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, thus completing the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map.
[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, the extraction module uses the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask for extraction, including:
[0023] Based on a 15-minute temporal resolution, the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map within a day are used as masks for extraction.
[0024] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, it further includes:
[0025] The evaluation module is used to randomly add 10% to 20% of the masked regions to the regions where data exists in the MIT-TEC map in order to evaluate the repair effect of the AOT-GAN model on MIT-TEC.
[0026] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, the evaluation module is further configured to:
[0027] The effectiveness of the restored MIT-TEC map in marine regions was evaluated using the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter aboard an ocean altimeter.
[0028] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an ionospheric TEC data completion device, the ionospheric TEC data completion device including a processor, a memory, and an ionospheric TEC data completion program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the ionospheric TEC data completion method as described above.
[0029] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing an ionospheric TEC data completion program, wherein when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the ionospheric TEC data completion method as described above.
[0030] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following:
[0031] The ionospheric TEC data completion method in this application extracts missing regions of MIT-TEC maps at different times as masks; uses the extracted mask data to cover the corresponding IGS-TEC maps to obtain missing IGS-TEC maps; uses the missing IGS-TEC maps as input to an AOT-GAN model and the complete IGS-TEC maps as output to train the AOT-GAN model; and uses the trained AOT-GAN model to repair the data in the MIT-TEC maps, thus completing the data in the missing regions of the MIT-TEC maps.
[0032] This application proposes using the deep learning AOT-GAN method to learn data features from complete GIMs TECs in IGS-TEC and generalize them to MIT-TEC data. Deep learning technology is used to improve the global prediction capability of TECs, and the features learned by the AOT-GAN network are used to complete the global representation of MIT-TECs. This enables MIT-TECs to not only reflect small-scale variations in ionospheric TECs but also to represent the spatiotemporal variations of ionospheric TECs globally. In other words, it can represent and reflect global TECs while maintaining the existing high spatiotemporal resolution of TECs. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the ionospheric TEC data completion method of this application;
[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating how the MIT-TEC image is used to extract mask features and cover the IGS-TEC image in this application.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of an embodiment of the ionospheric TEC data completion device of this application;
[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the ionospheric TEC data completion device involved in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0038] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, etc., and do not indicate a sequence, nor do they limit "first," "second," and "third" to different types.
[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.
[0040] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.
[0041] In some processes described in the embodiments of this application, multiple operations or steps are included in a specific order. However, it should be understood that these operations or steps may not be executed in the order they appear in the embodiments of this application, or they may be executed in parallel. The sequence number of the operation is only used to distinguish different operations, and the sequence number itself does not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps may be executed sequentially or in parallel, and these operations or steps may be combined.
[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0043] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for completing ionospheric TEC data.
[0044] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the ionospheric TEC data completion method of this application. Figure 1As shown, the methods for completing ionospheric TEC data include:
[0045] S1. Extract the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask;
[0046] It is worth noting that when the same target is repeatedly detected, the time interval between two adjacent detections is called the temporal resolution of the remote sensing image. It can provide information on the dynamic changes of ground features, which can be used to monitor changes in ground features, and can also provide additional information for the accurate classification of certain thematic elements.
[0047] In this embodiment, the time resolution is 15 minutes, so that 96 MIT-TEC images at different times can be obtained within a day. In this embodiment, the missing regions of these 96 MIT-TEC images will be extracted sequentially as masks. It can be understood that the time resolution can also be set to other required values, and the collection time in a day can also be changed to other durations to obtain the corresponding number of MIT-TEC images.
[0048] S2. Use the extracted mask data to cover the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map.
[0049] Understandably, based on the example in step S1, there will also be 96 corresponding IGS-TEC maps. In this way, at each moment, there will be a MIT-TEC map to cover the IGS-TEC map. IGS (International GNSS Service) is the international GNSS service organization.
[0050] For details, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, it describes the process of steps S1 and S2, namely, extracting MaskDate from the MIT-TEC map, then overlaying IGS-TEC, and finally obtaining Masked IGS-TEC.
[0051] S3. Use the missing IGS-TEC map as the input to the AOT-GAN model and the complete IGS-TEC map as the output of the AOT-GAN model to train the AOT-GAN model.
[0052] AOT-GAN (Aggregated Contextual Transformations Generative Adversarial Network) captures rich contextual information to enhance the model's contextual reasoning through multi-layered AOT blocks, and prompts the generator to synthesize sharp textures through a customized mask prediction task.
[0053] In this embodiment, the masked IGS-TEC image is used as the input to the AOT-GAN model, and the complete, unprocessed IGS-TEC image is used as the output. That is, the IGS-TEC image is used as the dataset to train, validate, and test the AOT-GAN model, and its repair accuracy is evaluated.
[0054] S4. Use the trained AOT-GAN model to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, so as to complete the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map.
[0055] After obtaining the trained AOT-GAN model, the next step is to repair the MIT-TEC map. During the repair process, approximately 10% to 20% of the data in the MIT-TEC maps are randomly added as masked areas to evaluate the repair effect. The vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter onboard an ocean altimeter are then used to assess the effectiveness of the repaired MIT-TEC map in the ocean region. Finally, missing data areas in the MIT-TEC map are filled in. The main purpose of ocean altimeters is to obtain information on sea level changes, providing fundamental data for ocean and regional ocean tide studies. For example, Jason-3 VTEC can be used for evaluation; the altimeter VTEC measurements onboard the Jason-3 ocean altimeter provide an independent method for assessing the quality of VTEC in ocean regions.
[0056] In summary, the ionospheric TEC data completion method in this application extracts missing regions of MIT-TEC maps at different times using them as masks; the extracted mask data is then used to cover the corresponding IGS-TEC maps to obtain missing IGS-TEC maps; the missing IGS-TEC maps are used as input to an AOT-GAN model, and the complete IGS-TEC maps are used as output to train the AOT-GAN model; finally, the trained AOT-GAN model is used to repair the data in the MIT-TEC maps, thus completing the missing data in the MIT-TEC maps.
[0057] This application proposes using the deep learning AOT-GAN method to learn data features from complete GIMs TECs in IGS-TEC and generalize them to MIT-TEC data. Deep learning technology is used to improve the global prediction capability of TECs, and the features learned by the AOT-GAN network are used to complete the global representation of MIT-TECs. This enables MIT-TECs to not only reflect small-scale variations in ionospheric TECs but also to represent the spatiotemporal variations of ionospheric TECs globally. In other words, it can represent and reflect global TECs while maintaining the existing high spatiotemporal resolution of TECs.
[0058] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an ionospheric TEC data completion device.
[0059] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a functional module diagram of an embodiment of the ionospheric TEC data completion device of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the ionospheric TEC data completion device includes:
[0060] The extraction module is used to extract the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask;
[0061] The overlay module uses the extracted mask data to overlay the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map.
[0062] The training module is used to train the AOT-GAN model by taking the missing IGS-TEC map as input and the complete IGS-TEC map as output.
[0063] The repair module uses a trained AOT-GAN model to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, thus completing the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map.
[0064] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the extraction module uses the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask for extraction, including:
[0065] Based on a 15-minute temporal resolution, the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map within a day are used as masks for extraction.
[0066] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the ionospheric TEC data completion device further includes:
[0067] The evaluation module is used to randomly add 10% to 20% of the masked regions to the regions where data exists in the MIT-TEC map in order to evaluate the repair effect of the AOT-GAN model on MIT-TEC.
[0068] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the evaluation module is also used for:
[0069] The effectiveness of the restored MIT-TEC map in marine regions was evaluated using the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter aboard an ocean altimeter.
[0070] The functions of each module in the aforementioned ionospheric TEC data completion device correspond to the steps in the aforementioned ionospheric TEC data completion method embodiment, and their functions and implementation processes will not be described in detail here.
[0071] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an ionospheric TEC data completion device, which can be a personal computer (PC), laptop computer, server, or other device with data processing capabilities.
[0072] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the ionospheric TEC data completion device involved in the embodiments of this application. In the embodiments of this application, the ionospheric TEC data completion device may include a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus.
[0073] The communication bus can be of any type and is used to interconnect the processor, memory, and communication interface.
[0074] The communication interface includes input / output (I / O) interfaces, physical interfaces, and logical interfaces used for interconnecting devices within the ionospheric TEC data completion device, as well as interfaces used for interconnecting the ionospheric TEC data completion device with other devices (such as other computing devices or user equipment). Physical interfaces can be Ethernet interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, ATM interfaces, etc.; user equipment can be displays, keyboards, etc.
[0075] Memory can be various types of storage media, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), flash memory, optical storage, hard disk, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), etc.
[0076] The processor can be a general-purpose processor, which can call the ionospheric TEC data completion program stored in the memory and execute the ionospheric TEC data completion method provided in the embodiments of this application. For example, the general-purpose processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). The method executed when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is called can be referred to in the various embodiments of the ionospheric TEC data completion method of this application, and will not be repeated here.
[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The hardware structure shown does not constitute a limitation of this application and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.
[0078] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium.
[0079] The present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing an ionospheric TEC data completion program, wherein when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the ionospheric TEC data completion method described above.
[0080] The method implemented when the ionospheric TEC data completion procedure is executed can be referred to in various embodiments of the ionospheric TEC data completion method of this application, and will not be repeated here.
[0081] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.
[0082] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.
[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A method for completing ionospheric TEC data, characterized in that, The ionospheric TEC data completion method includes: The missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times are used as masks for extraction; The extracted mask data is used to cover the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map; The missing IGS-TEC map is used as the input to the AOT-GAN model, and the complete IGS-TEC map is used as the output of the AOT-GAN model to train the AOT-GAN model. The trained AOT-GAN model is used to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, so as to complete the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map; The step of extracting missing regions from MIT-TEC maps at different times using them as masks includes: Based on a 15-minute temporal resolution, the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map within a day are used as masks for extraction. In the MIT-TEC map, 10% to 20% of the data regions were randomly added as masked regions to evaluate the repair effect of the AOT-GAN model on MIT-TEC.
2. The ionospheric TEC data completion method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The effectiveness of the restored MIT-TEC map in marine regions was evaluated using the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter aboard an ocean altimeter.
3. An ionospheric TEC data completion device, characterized in that, The ionospheric TEC data completion device includes: The extraction module is used to extract the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask; The overlay module uses the extracted mask data to overlay the IGS-TEC map at the corresponding time point to obtain the missing IGS-TEC map. The training module is used to train the AOT-GAN model by taking the missing IGS-TEC map as input and the complete IGS-TEC map as output. The repair module uses a trained AOT-GAN model to repair the data in the MIT-TEC map, so as to complete the data in the missing areas of the MIT-TEC map. The evaluation module is used to randomly add 10% to 20% of the masked regions to the regions where data exists in the MIT-TEC map in order to evaluate the repair effect of the AOT-GAN model on MIT-TEC. The extraction module uses the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map at different times as a mask for extraction, including: Based on a 15-minute temporal resolution, the missing regions of the MIT-TEC map within a day are used as masks for extraction.
4. The ionospheric TEC data completion device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The evaluation module is also used for: The effectiveness of the restored MIT-TEC map in marine regions was evaluated using the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations from the radar altimeter aboard an ocean altimeter.
5. An ionospheric TEC data completion device, characterized in that, The ionospheric TEC data completion device includes a processor, a memory, and an ionospheric TEC data completion program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the ionospheric TEC data completion method as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores an ionospheric TEC data completion program, wherein when the ionospheric TEC data completion program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the ionospheric TEC data completion method as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.