Direct ethanol SOFC fast start-up method, estimation model and terminal device thereof

Abstract

The application provides a direct ethanol SOFC rapid starting method and an estimation model and a terminal device thereof, wherein the starting method comprises the following steps: dividing an SOFC stack temperature rising process into multiple heating time periods according to preset temperature intervals, obtaining historical operation data of the SOFC stack and real-time operation data of the SOFC stack in the heating time periods; constructing an estimation model according to the historical operation data, inputting the real-time operation data into the estimation model, and outputting a flow rate controller control ratio and an infrared heating tube power; obtaining first parameter data of fuel gas and second parameter data of tail gas, and calculating an output factor according to the first parameter data, the second parameter data and the estimation model to obtain an output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller. By obtaining the optimal starting parameters of the stack, the SOFC stack is evenly heated, so that the stability and rapid starting of the stack are ensured, and the non-uniformity of the internal temperature distribution of the stack and the generation of thermal stress are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery control technology, and in particular to a direct ethanol SOFC fast start-up method, its estimation model, and terminal equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Direct ethanol SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) is a highly efficient and clean energy conversion device. Its structure is an all-solid-state battery, primarily converting chemical energy into electrical energy for use by other devices through internal electrochemical reactions. The reaction process does not involve any combustion, and its main products are H2O and CO2, minimizing pollutant emissions. SOFCs mainly operate in high-temperature environments (500~800℃), using ethanol instead of hydrogen as fuel, thus avoiding the difficulties in transporting and storing hydrogen fuel and its high risk. However, due to its high operating temperature and long start-up time, the application of direct ethanol SOFC in automobiles currently faces several challenges. Since automobiles have high requirements for instantaneous power output, and the fuel cell stack requires a long time to reach its operating temperature, the problem of rapid stack heating also urgently needs to be solved.

[0003] Traditional startup methods mainly rely on external electric heating and gas heating of the fuel cell stack. However, this method has limitations such as long heating time and difficulty in achieving rapid startup. Moreover, it lacks a feedback regulation mechanism during the startup process and cannot dynamically adjust the heating rate according to the real-time status of the fuel cell stack. This exacerbates the uneven temperature distribution inside the fuel cell stack and the generation of thermal stress, further increasing the risk of battery damage and cracking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method, its estimation model, and terminal equipment to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, such as long heating time, difficulty in achieving rapid start-up, and lack of feedback regulation mechanism, which exacerbate the non-uniformity of temperature distribution and the generation of thermal stress inside the stack.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for rapid start-up of a direct ethanol SOFC, comprising the following steps:

[0007] An auxiliary start-up device is configured, which includes a fuel gas supply unit, an exhaust gas supply unit, a flow rate controller, an infrared heating tube, and an SOFC stack. The fuel gas supply unit is used to supply fuel gas to the infrared heating tube; the exhaust gas supply unit is used to supply exhaust gas to the infrared heating tube; the flow rate controller is used to control the flow rate of the mixture of fuel gas and exhaust gas; and the infrared heating tube is used to heat the mixture and feed it into the stack.

[0008] The SOFC stack heating process is divided into multiple heating periods according to a preset temperature interval, and historical operating data of the SOFC stack and real-time operating data of the SOFC stack during the heating period are obtained.

[0009] An estimation model is constructed based on the historical operating data. The real-time operating data is input into the estimation model, and the outputs are the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, to obtain the optimal startup parameters for the fuel cell stack. The estimation model expression is:

[0010]

[0011] In the formula, ε is the output factor calculated by the estimation model, a0 is the initial parameter, a1~a6 are the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth coefficients, respectively, and T current S strain R represents the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack. optional V represents the optimal temperature rise rate at the current temperature from historical operating data. exhaust T is the exhaust gas volumetric flow rate. exhaust This refers to the exhaust gas temperature.

[0012] Acquire first parameter data of the fuel gas, the first parameter data including gas flow rate and gas temperature;

[0013] Acquire second parameter data of the exhaust gas, which includes exhaust gas velocity and exhaust gas temperature;

[0014] The output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller is obtained by calculating the output factor based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the estimation model.

[0015] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, an estimation model is constructed according to the historical operating data, the real-time operating data is input into the estimation model, and the output is the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, so as to obtain the optimal start-up parameters of the SOFC stack, including: adjusting the gas flow rate of fuel gas and exhaust gas into the SOFC stack and the output power of the infrared heating tube, and storing the start-up data as historical operating data to guide the next start-up of the SOFC stack.

[0016] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the formula for calculating the output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller, based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the estimation model, is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, v out The flow rate controller outputs the gas flow rate, T.tail V represents the exhaust gas temperature. tail T is the exhaust gas velocity. fuel V represents the gas temperature. fuel Where is the gas flow rate, k is the scaling factor, and ε is the output factor calculated by the estimation model.

[0019] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the historical operating data includes the heating tube power at the current temperature, the temperature distribution of the fuel cell stack, the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​during the current heating period, the target temperature, the initial temperature, and the historical start-up time; the real-time operating data includes the total number of infrared heating tubes, the heating power of a single infrared heating tube, the heat capacity of the mixed gas, the volume of the mixed gas, the calorific value of the mixed gas, the current temperature, and the current time.

[0020] The method further includes: obtaining the heating power of the infrared heating tube based on the historical startup data of the fuel cell stack and the real-time operating data;

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, Q fuel V is the heat of the gas mixture in the fuel cell stack. fuel For the volume of the mixed gas, H fuel The calorific value of the mixture;

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Q total The amount of heat required to heat to the current temperature, C fuel For the heat capacity of the mixture, T target For the target temperature, T start The initial temperature;

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, P out P represents the total heating power of the infrared heating tubes, N represents the total number of infrared heating tubes, and P represents the total heating power of the infrared heating tubes. single The heating power (watts) of a single infrared heating tube, T target For the target temperature, T start Let t be the initial temperature. history For the historical start time, T cuttert t represents the current temperature. realtime This is the current time.

[0027] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the step of constructing an estimation model based on the historical operating data, inputting the real-time operating data into the estimation model, and outputting the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power includes: plotting the fuel cell stack temperature rise curve based on the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​during the current heating period, and obtaining the optimal temperature rise rate R at the current temperature through the fuel cell stack temperature rise curve. optional .

[0028] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the fuel gas supply unit is a gas evaporator, which is used to evaporate the water-alcohol fuel with a certain water-alcohol ratio, and supply the resulting fuel gas to the infrared heating tube through a flow controller. The method further includes: acquiring third parameter data of the fuel gas entering the flow controller, the third parameter data including the actual volume and water-alcohol ratio of the water-alcohol fuel, and the exhaust gas volume, and calculating the heat of the gas entering the flow controller based on the third parameter data.

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, Q out For the heat of the mixed gas entering the flow controller, V ethanol V is the volume of ethanol. water V is the volume of water. tail This represents the exhaust gas volume.

[0031] Based on the above technical solutions, a preferred embodiment further includes: obtaining the volume and actual temperature of each gas component in the separated waste gas, and calculating the proportion of gas in the waste gas.

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, fuel For the proportion of gas, CH4 V is the volume of methane. CO V is the volume of carbon monoxide. H2 V is the volume of hydrogen gas. total This represents the total gas volume.

[0034] Secondly, the present invention provides an estimation model for the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method described in the first aspect. The auxiliary start-up device further includes an auxiliary device controller, which is used to store historical start-up data curves of the fuel cell stack and the current state of the fuel cell stack. The estimation model includes a temperature distribution detection unit, a start-up control training model, a gas flow rate calculation module, and an infrared heating power calculation module, wherein:

[0035] The temperature distribution detection unit reads the values ​​of the thermocouple array arranged on the surface of the auxiliary start-up graphite plate inside the fuel cell stack to obtain the temperature of the gas diffusion layer and electrode surface at various parts of the fuel cell stack in real time, thereby obtaining the internal temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack during the heating process.

[0036] The startup control training model is used to obtain the optimal startup method for the fuel cell stack based on the historical startup data curves and the current state of the fuel cell stack stored in the auxiliary device controller. The historical startup data curves include the temperature distribution state and the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell stack, and the current state of the fuel cell stack includes the temperature distribution state and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0037] The gas flow rate calculation module is used to obtain the output gas flow rate based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model and the gas flow rate calculation formula.

[0038] The infrared heating power calculation module is used to obtain the total heating power of the infrared heating tube by using the infrared heating power calculation formula based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model.

[0039] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the startup control training model is used to input the current temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack, the optimal heating rate at the current temperature in the historical data of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas volume flow rate, and output the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power.

[0040] Thirdly, the present invention provides a terminal device, including a memory and a processor;

[0041] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0042] The processor is configured to execute the direct ethanol SOFC fast start method described in the first aspect according to instructions in the program code.

[0043] The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method, its valuation model, and terminal equipment of the present invention have the following advantages over the prior art:

[0044] (1) The SOFC stack heating process is divided into multiple heating periods according to a preset temperature interval. The historical operating data of the SOFC stack and the real-time operating data of the SOFC stack during the heating period are obtained. An estimation model is constructed based on the historical operating data. The real-time operating data is input into the estimation model and the output is the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, so as to obtain the optimal start-up parameters of the stack. The output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller is calculated based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data and the flow rate controller control ratio. The heating power of the infrared heating tube is calculated based on the real-time operating data to achieve balanced heating of the SOFC stack, thereby ensuring the stability and rapid start-up of the stack and avoiding the uneven temperature distribution and thermal stress inside the stack.

[0045] (2) By adjusting the gas flow rate of fuel gas and exhaust gas into the SOFC stack and the output power of the infrared heating tube, the data of this startup is stored as historical operating data to guide the next startup of the SOFC stack. The estimation model is trained through the above historical operating data to guide the next startup of the SOFC stack and obtain the best startup method for the SOFC stack.

[0046] (3) The heating power of the infrared heating tube is obtained based on the historical startup data of the fuel cell stack and the real-time operation data. The heating power of the infrared heating tube is calculated using this data. The heating power of a single heating tube is calculated using the heating power of the infrared heating tube calculated by the estimation model, thereby guiding the power setting of a single heating tube.

[0047] (4) Plot the stack temperature rise curve based on the maximum and minimum temperatures during the current heating period, and obtain the optimal temperature rise rate R at the current temperature through the stack temperature rise curve. optional The temperature rise curve of the fuel cell stack is plotted by using the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​from historical operating data. Then, the current temperature is substituted into the temperature rise curve of the fuel cell stack to obtain the optimal temperature rise rate at the current temperature, which is then used as real-time operating data in the estimation model. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the estimation model for the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up auxiliary device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the auxiliary start-up graphite plate in the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up auxiliary device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thermocouple array arrangement on the auxiliary starting graphite plate of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the terminal device of the present invention.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Gas evaporator, 2-Flow rate controller, 3-Infrared heating tube, 4-Auxiliary device controller, 5-Gas separator, 6-SOFC stack;

[0056] 100 - Temperature distribution detection unit; 200 - Start-up control training model; 300 - Gas flow rate calculation module; 400 - Infrared heating power calculation module. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention proposes a direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method, including the following steps:

[0060] Step S1: Configure an auxiliary start-up device, which includes a fuel gas supply unit, an exhaust gas supply unit, a flow rate controller, an infrared heating tube, and an SOFC stack; the fuel gas supply unit is used to supply fuel gas to the infrared heating tube; the exhaust gas supply unit is used to supply exhaust gas to the infrared heating tube; the flow rate controller is used to control the flow rate of the mixture of fuel gas and exhaust gas; the infrared heating tube is used to heat the mixture and feed it into the stack.

[0061] In step S1, the fuel gas supply unit uses a gas evaporator, and the exhaust gas supply unit uses a gas separator; after the fuel gas and exhaust gas are mixed, the flow rate is controlled by a flow rate controller before entering the infrared heating tube.

[0062] Step S2: Divide the SOFC stack heating process into multiple heating periods according to a preset temperature interval, and obtain the historical operating data of the SOFC stack and the real-time operating data of the SOFC stack during the heating period;

[0063] In step S2, the preset temperature interval can be set to 100℃ to facilitate the controller's control over the stack's temperature rise. Simultaneously, each heating stage has a maximum and minimum heating rate to ensure that the heating does not damage the stack. This means the SOFC stack heating process is divided into multiple heating periods of 100℃, and real-time operating data of the SOFC stack is acquired within each heating period. The historical operating data includes the heating tube power at the current temperature, the stack temperature distribution, the maximum and minimum temperatures during the current heating period, the target temperature, the initial temperature, and the historical start-up time. The real-time operating data includes the total number of infrared heating tubes, the heating power of a single infrared heating tube, the heat capacity of the mixed gas, the volume of the mixed gas, the calorific value of the mixed gas, the current temperature, and the current time.

[0064] Step S3: Construct an estimation model based on the historical operating data, input the real-time operating data into the estimation model, and output the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power to obtain the optimal startup parameters for the fuel cell stack. The estimation model expression is:

[0065]

[0066] In equation (1), ε is the output factor calculated by the estimation model, a0 is the initial parameter, a1~a6 are the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth coefficients, respectively, and T current S strain R represents the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack. optional V represents the optimal temperature rise rate at the current temperature from historical operating data. exhaust T is the exhaust gas volumetric flow rate. exhaust This refers to the exhaust gas temperature.

[0067] In step S3, the estimation model is constructed using multivariate nonlinear regression. The inputs are the current temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack, the optimal heating rate at the current temperature in the historical data of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas volume flow rate. The outputs are the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power.

[0068] Step S4: Obtain first parameter data of fuel gas and second parameter data of exhaust gas. The first parameter data includes gas flow rate and gas temperature, and the second parameter data includes exhaust gas flow rate and exhaust gas temperature.

[0069] Step S5: Calculate the output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the estimation model to obtain the output factor.

[0070] The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method proposed in this embodiment calculates the output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the flow rate controller control ratio, and calculates the heating power of the infrared heating tube based on real-time operating data to achieve balanced heating of the SOFC stack, thereby ensuring the stability and rapid start-up of the stack, and avoiding the uneven temperature distribution and thermal stress generation inside the stack.

[0071] In some embodiments, an estimation model is constructed based on the historical operating data. The real-time operating data is input into the estimation model, and the output is the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, to obtain the optimal startup parameters for the SOFC stack. This includes adjusting the gas flow rates of fuel gas and exhaust gas into the SOFC stack and the output power of the infrared heating tube, storing the startup data as historical operating data to guide the next startup of the SOFC stack. By adjusting the gas flow rates of fuel gas and exhaust gas into the SOFC stack and the output power of the infrared heating tube, storing the startup data as historical operating data to guide the next startup of the SOFC stack, and training the estimation model using the above historical operating data, the optimal startup method for the SOFC stack can be obtained.

[0072] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the estimation model to calculate the output factor is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] In equation (2), v out The flow rate controller outputs the gas flow rate, T. tail V represents the exhaust gas temperature. tail T is the exhaust gas velocity. fuel V represents the gas temperature. fuel Where is the gas flow rate, k is the scaling factor, and ε is the output factor calculated by the estimation model.

[0075] In this embodiment, the control ratio of the flow rate controller is calculated based on the estimated model, and the output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller is calculated using the above formula. This guides the setting of the flow rate parameters of the flow rate controller, thereby achieving control of the gas input flow rate of the SOFC stack and ensuring the stability and rapid start-up of the stack.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method further includes: obtaining the heating power of the infrared heating tube based on the historical startup data of the fuel cell stack and the real-time operating data;

[0077]

[0078] In equation (3), Q fuel V is the heat of the gas mixture in the fuel cell stack. fuel For the volume of the mixed gas, H fuel The calorific value of the mixture;

[0079]

[0080] In equation (4), Q total The amount of heat required to heat to the current temperature, C fuel For the heat capacity of the mixture, T target For the target temperature, T start The initial temperature;

[0081]

[0082] In equation (5), P out P represents the total heating power of the infrared heating tubes, N represents the total number of infrared heating tubes, and P represents the total heating power of the infrared heating tubes. single The heating power (watts) of a single infrared heating tube, T target For the target temperature, T start Let t be the initial temperature. history For the historical start time, T cuttert t represents the current temperature. realtime This is the current time.

[0083] In this embodiment, the heating power of the infrared heating tube is obtained based on the historical startup data of the fuel cell stack and the real-time operation data. The heating power of the infrared heating tube is calculated using the above formula, and the heating power of a single heating tube is calculated using the heating power of the infrared heating tube calculated by the estimation model, thereby guiding the power setting of a single heating tube.

[0084] In some embodiments, the step of constructing an estimation model based on the historical operating data, inputting the real-time operating data into the estimation model, and outputting the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power includes: plotting the fuel cell stack temperature rise curve based on the maximum and minimum temperatures during the current heating period, and obtaining the optimal temperature rise rate R at the current temperature through the fuel cell stack temperature rise curve. optional The temperature rise curve of the fuel cell stack is plotted based on the maximum and minimum temperatures during the current heating period, and the optimal temperature rise rate R at the current temperature is obtained from the temperature rise curve. optional The temperature rise curve of the fuel cell stack is plotted by using the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​from historical operating data. Then, the current temperature from real-time operating data is substituted into the temperature rise curve of the fuel cell stack to obtain the optimal temperature rise rate at the current temperature, which is then used as real-time operating data in the estimation model.

[0085] In some embodiments, the fuel gas supply unit is a gas evaporator, which evaporates a water-alcohol fuel with a certain water-alcohol ratio and supplies the resulting fuel gas to an infrared heating tube via a flow controller. The method further includes: acquiring third parameter data of the fuel gas entering the flow controller, the third parameter data including the actual volume and water-alcohol ratio of the water-alcohol fuel, and the exhaust gas volume; and calculating the heat of the gas entering the flow controller based on the third parameter data.

[0086]

[0087] In equation (6), Q out For the heat of the mixed gas entering the flow controller, V ethanol V is the volume of ethanol. water V is the volume of water. tail This represents the exhaust gas volume.

[0088] In this embodiment, the volume of ethanol and the volume of water are calculated based on the actual volume of the water-ethanol fuel and the water-ethanol ratio. The heat of water vapor and the heat of ethanol are calculated respectively. After calculating the heat of the exhaust gas, the three are added together to obtain the heat of the gas entering the flow controller. Thus, the volume of the mixed gas can be obtained and substituted into the above formula (3).

[0089] In some embodiments, the start-up method further includes: obtaining the volume and actual temperature of each gas component in the separated exhaust gas, and calculating the proportion of gas in the exhaust gas.

[0090]

[0091] In equation (7), fuel For the proportion of gas, CH4 V is the volume of methane. COV is the volume of carbon monoxide. H2 V is the volume of hydrogen gas. total This represents the total gas volume.

[0092] In this embodiment, the proportion of gas in the exhaust gas makes it easy to calculate the exhaust gas volume of the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas is recovered and fed into the flow controller, which makes it easy to substitute into formula (6) to calculate the heat of the mixed gas.

[0093] In some embodiments, the startup method further includes: continuing to feed fuel gas into the SOFC stack when the temperature of the SOFC stack is heated to the operating temperature.

[0094] It should be noted that when the SOFC stack temperature is heated to the operating temperature, fuel gas is continued to be fed into the SOFC stack to facilitate the continued reaction and power generation of the SOFC stack. The flow rate of the gas fed into the stack can be adjusted by the gas flow rate controller according to the power requirements of the SOFC stack.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] This invention provides an estimation model for the direct ethanol SOFC fast start-up method described in the first aspect. The auxiliary start-up device further includes an auxiliary device controller, which is used to store historical start-up data curves of the fuel cell stack and the current state of the fuel cell stack, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the estimation model includes a temperature distribution detection unit 100, a start-up control training model 200, a gas flow rate calculation module 300, and an infrared heating power calculation module 400, wherein:

[0097] The temperature distribution detection unit 100 reads the values ​​of the thermocouple array arranged on the surface of the auxiliary start-up graphite plate inside the fuel cell stack to obtain the temperature of the gas diffusion layer and electrode surface at various parts of the fuel cell stack in real time, thereby obtaining the internal temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack during the heating process.

[0098] The startup control training model 200 is used to obtain the optimal startup method for the fuel cell based on the historical startup data curve of the fuel cell stored in the auxiliary device controller and the current state of the fuel cell. The historical startup data curve of the fuel cell includes the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell and the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell. The current state of the fuel cell includes the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell.

[0099] The gas flow rate calculation module 300 is used to obtain the magnitude of the output gas flow rate based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model 200 and the gas flow rate calculation formula.

[0100] The infrared heating power calculation module 400 is used to obtain the total heating power of the infrared heating tube by using the infrared heating power calculation formula based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model 200.

[0101] The estimation model for the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method proposed in this embodiment...

[0102] In some embodiments, the startup control training model 200 is used to input the current temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack, the optimal heating rate at the current temperature in the historical data of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas volume flow rate, and output the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] This embodiment proposes a direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up auxiliary device, such as... Figure 3-5 As shown, it includes a gas separator 5, a flow rate controller 2, an infrared heating tube 3, a gas evaporator 1, an SOFC stack 6, and an auxiliary device controller 4, wherein:

[0105] The mixed fuel gas output channel of the gas evaporator 1 is connected to the input channel of the flow rate controller 2;

[0106] The fuel gas output channel of the flow rate controller 2 is connected to the input channel of the infrared heating tube 3. After the exhaust gas of the gas evaporator 1 and the gas separation device are mixed in the flow rate controller 2, the flow rate controller 2 is used to further control the gas flow rate of the mixed gas to ensure stable gas flow and prevent excessive gas from entering the fuel cell stack, which could cause excessive temperature difference in the fuel cell stack and generate thermal stress and other problems.

[0107] The high-temperature gas output channel of the infrared heating tube 3 is connected to the anode input channel of the SOFC stack 6; the infrared heating tube 3 uses infrared radiation to heat the mixed gas to a higher temperature; the power required for heating by the infrared heating tube 3 is calculated based on the estimation model of the SOFC fast start method in the auxiliary device controller 4, and the optimal mixed gas heating power is obtained after calculation to reduce damage to the stack.

[0108] The input channel of the gas separator 5 is connected to the exhaust gas output channel of the SOFC stack 6, and its output pipe is connected to the input pipe of the flow rate controller 2.

[0109] An auxiliary start-up graphite plate is installed inside the SOFC stack 6. The auxiliary start-up graphite plate is arranged between the gas diffusion layer and the electrodes inside the stack. A K-type thermocouple array is engraved on its surface. The thermocouples are attached to the graphite plate by spraying. The two ends of the thermocouples are connected to an external data receiver through silver wires. The auxiliary start-up graphite plate uniformly and quickly transfers heat to the surface of the stack. The temperature of various parts inside the stack is obtained through the K-type thermocouple array on the surface, and the temperature distribution at various locations inside the stack is analyzed. After the high-temperature mixed gas enters the SOFC stack 6, the SOFC stack 6 uses it as fuel to carry out a weak reaction to generate electrical energy and heat energy. This heat energy can also be used to increase the heating rate of the SOFC stack 6.

[0110] The auxiliary device controller 4 is connected to the gas evaporator 1, the flow rate controller 2, the infrared heating tube 3, and the gas separator 5 via control cables. The auxiliary device controller 4 contains an estimation model for the rapid start-up method of the fuel cell stack.

[0111] It should be noted that the water-alcohol mixture is the raw material for SOFC power generation, which is evaporated into a mixed gas by the gas evaporator 1. It is then transported through a pipeline to the flow rate controller 2, which is used to control the gas flow rate and to mix the water-alcohol mixture vapor with the high-temperature gas produced by the gas separator 5.

[0112] In this example, the working principle of the direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up auxiliary device is as follows: The infrared heating tube 3 is cylindrical. Gas flows through the tube and is heated. The gas separator 5 separates the fuel gas and non-fuel gas in the high-temperature exhaust gas of the SOFC stack 6. The recovered fuel gas components include CH4, CO, and H2. Gas separation employs pressure-take-up adsorption technology, utilizing the different adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent for the components in the mixed gas. The mixed gas is first introduced into an adsorbent bed, which is composed of porous solid materials such as activated carbon and alumina. Because the adsorbent has different adsorption capacities for different materials, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules is increased by controlling the heating temperature of the adsorption bed, enabling them to overcome the interaction forces with the adsorbent surface and desorb, thereby achieving the separation of different gases. The gas separated by the gas separator 5 is transmitted to the flow controller 2 via a pipeline. The auxiliary device controller 4 is connected to the gas evaporator 1, the flow controller 2, the infrared heating tube 3, and the gas separator 5 via cables. The estimation model for the start-up method of the direct ethanol SOFC stack 6 is built into the memory and transmitted to the auxiliary device controller 4 via cable.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] This invention provides a terminal device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes memory and processor;

[0115] The memory is used to store program code and transmit it to the processor. The memory can be an internal storage unit of the terminal device, such as a hard disk or RAM. Alternatively, the memory can be an external storage device of the terminal device, such as an external hard disk, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or Flash Card. Furthermore, the memory can include both internal and external storage units of the terminal device. The memory is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the terminal device, and can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0116] The processor is used to execute the direct ethanol SOFC fast start method described in Embodiment 1 according to instructions in the program code. The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate circuits or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0117] It should be noted that a computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in memory and executed by a processor to achieve the functions of this application. Each module / unit may contain a series of computer program instruction segments to describe the execution process of the computer program in a terminal device. The terminal device may be a desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, cloud server, or other computing device. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and memory. Those skilled in the art should understand that the description of these devices is not a limitation on the terminal device; the terminal device may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or use different components. For example, the terminal device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, and buses, etc.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid start-up of a direct ethanol SOFC, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: An auxiliary start-up device is configured, which includes a fuel gas supply unit, an exhaust gas supply unit, a flow rate controller, an infrared heating tube, and an SOFC stack. The fuel gas supply unit is used to supply fuel gas to the infrared heating tube; the exhaust gas supply unit is used to supply exhaust gas to the infrared heating tube; the flow rate controller is used to control the flow rate of the mixture of fuel gas and exhaust gas; and the infrared heating tube is used to heat the mixture and feed it into the stack. The SOFC stack heating process is divided into multiple heating periods according to a preset temperature interval, and historical operating data of the SOFC stack and real-time operating data of the SOFC stack during the heating period are obtained. An estimation model is constructed based on the historical operating data. The real-time operating data is input into the estimation model, and the outputs are the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, to obtain the optimal startup parameters for the fuel cell stack. The estimation model expression is: ； In the formula, ε is an estimated model calculation output factor, a0 is an initial parameter, a1-a6 are first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth coefficients, T current is a current temperature, S strain is a stack temperature distribution state, R optional is an optimal temperature rise rate at the current temperature in historical operation data, V exhaust is an exhaust gas volume flow, T exhaust is an exhaust gas temperature; Acquire first parameter data of the fuel gas, the first parameter data including gas flow rate and gas temperature; Acquire second parameter data of the exhaust gas, which includes exhaust gas velocity and exhaust gas temperature; The output gas flow rate of the flow rate controller is obtained by calculating the output factor based on the first parameter data, the second parameter data, and the estimation model. The calculation formula is as follows: ； where v out is the flow rate controller output gas flow rate, T tail is the exhaust gas temperature, V tail is the exhaust gas flow rate, T fuel is the fuel gas temperature, V fuel is the fuel gas flow rate, k is a proportionality factor, and ε is an estimation model calculation output factor.

2. The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An estimation model is constructed based on the historical operating data. The real-time operating data is input into the estimation model, and the output is the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power, so as to obtain the optimal start-up parameters of the SOFC stack. This includes adjusting the gas flow rate of fuel gas and exhaust gas into the SOFC stack and the output power of the infrared heating tube. The start-up data is stored as historical operating data to guide the next start-up of the SOFC stack.

3. The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The historical operating data includes the heating tube power at the current temperature, the temperature distribution of the fuel cell stack, the maximum and minimum temperatures during the current heating period, the target temperature, the initial temperature, and the historical start-up time. The real-time operating data includes the total number of infrared heating tubes, the heating power of a single infrared heating tube, the heat capacity of the mixed gas, the volume of the mixed gas, the calorific value of the mixed gas, the current temperature, and the current time. The method further includes: obtaining the heating power of the infrared heating tube based on the historical startup data of the fuel cell stack and the real-time operating data; ； In the formula, Q fuel V is the heat of the gas mixture in the fuel cell stack. fuel For the volume of the mixed gas, H fuel The calorific value of the mixture; ； where Q total is the heat required to heat to the current temperature, C fuel is the heat capacity of the mixture, T target is the target temperature, T start is the initial temperature; ； where P out is the total heating power of the infrared heating tubes, N is the total number of infrared heating tubes, P single is the heating power of a single infrared heating tube, T target is the target temperature, T start is the initial temperature, t history is the historical start time, T cuttert is the current temperature, t realtime is the current time.

4. The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method comprises: constructing an estimation model according to the historical operation data, inputting the real-time operation data into the estimation model, and outputting a flow rate controller control ratio and an infrared heating tube power, wherein the method comprises: drawing a stack temperature rise curve according to a temperature maximum value and a temperature minimum value of a current heating period, and obtaining an optimal temperature rise rate R at a current temperature through the stack temperature rise curve optional .

5. The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel gas supply unit is a gas evaporator, which evaporates a water-alcohol fuel with a certain water-alcohol ratio and supplies the resulting fuel gas to the infrared heating tube via a flow controller. The method further includes: acquiring third parameter data of the fuel gas entering the flow controller, the third parameter data including the actual volume and water-alcohol ratio of the water-alcohol fuel, and the exhaust gas volume; and calculating the heat of the gas entering the flow controller based on the third parameter data. ； where Q out is the heat of the mixed gas entering the flow controller, V ethanol is the volume of ethanol, V water is the volume of water, V tail is the volume of tail gas.

6. The direct ethanol SOFC rapid start-up method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain the volume and actual temperature of each gas component in the separated exhaust gas, and calculate the proportion of gas in the exhaust gas: ； In the formula, X fuel V represents the proportion of natural gas used in gas production. CH4 V is the volume of methane. CO V is the volume of carbon monoxide. H2 V is the volume of hydrogen gas. total This represents the total gas volume.

7. An estimation model for the direct ethanol SOFC fast start-up method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the auxiliary start-up device further includes an auxiliary device controller, the auxiliary device controller being used to store historical start-up data curves of the fuel cell stack and the current state of the fuel cell stack, characterized in that, The estimation model includes a temperature distribution detection unit, a start-up control training model, a gas flow rate calculation module, and an infrared heating power calculation module, wherein: The temperature distribution detection unit reads the values ​​of the thermocouple array arranged on the surface of the auxiliary start-up graphite plate inside the fuel cell stack to obtain the temperature of the gas diffusion layer and electrode surface at various parts of the fuel cell stack in real time, thereby obtaining the internal temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack during the heating process. The startup control training model is used to obtain the optimal startup method for the fuel cell stack based on the historical startup data curves and the current state of the fuel cell stack stored in the auxiliary device controller. The historical startup data curves include the temperature distribution state and the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell stack, and the current state of the fuel cell stack includes the temperature distribution state and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack. The gas flow rate calculation module is used to obtain the output gas flow rate based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model and the gas flow rate calculation formula. The infrared heating power calculation module is used to obtain the total heating power of the infrared heating tube by using the infrared heating power calculation formula based on the data calculated by the start-up control training model.

8. The estimation model as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The startup control training model is used to input the current temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature distribution state of the fuel cell stack, the optimal heating rate at the current temperature from the historical data of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas volume flow rate, and output the flow rate controller control ratio and the infrared heating tube power.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that, Including memory and processor; The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is configured to execute the direct ethanol SOFC fast start method according to any one of claims 1-6 according to instructions in the program code.

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