A device and method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for optimizing the surface flatness of a cutter ring of a laser cladding hob. The device comprises a laser head, a cutter ring fixing component, a posture control component and a control system. The posture control component can accurately control the rotation angle and the tilt angle between the cutter ring surface and the laser head, thereby significantly improving the surface flatness of the cutter ring cladding layer, ensuring the cladding quality of the cutter ring cladding layer, and effectively extending the service life of the coated hob. In addition, it also makes up for the previous laser cladding method that can only clamp the cutter ring horizontally and vertically, making the laser cladding path of the cutter ring more diversified. The roller clamping mechanism performs rolling treatment on the end face and the peripheral surface of the cutter ring cladding layer of the hob, which can refine the grains of the cladding layer, induce the cladding layer to produce a residual compressive stress layer to reduce the crack propagation rate, and improve the surface flatness of the cladding layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to a device and method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding technology is one of the fastest-growing surface modification technologies in recent years. It can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance of parts, and has gradually been widely used in industrial production. In the process of multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding, the overlap behavior of each cladding layer has a significant impact on the surface flatness of the overall cladding layer. In multi-layer laser cladding, the surface flatness of the previous cladding layer will directly affect the overlap effect and bonding strength of the next cladding layer. Under the superposition effect of the multi-layer cladding effect, the surface flatness error of each cladding layer accumulates, and the quality of the cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring gradually deteriorates. Not only can the stability of the hob cutter ring during the cladding process not be guaranteed, but it also greatly affects the forming quality and performance of the formed hob cutter ring, which will eventually increase the wear rate of the hob and reduce the excavation efficiency of the tunnel boring machine. Therefore, optimizing the surface flatness of the hob cutter ring laser cladding is very important to improve the cladding quality and performance of the hob cutter ring surface.

[0003] At present, the laser cladding method of the hob cutter ring is limited to the horizontal and vertical directions, that is, the planar laser cladding process. This method is very useful for single-pass cladding forming processes, but it is not applicable to multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding processes. The multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding process requires that each cladding layer has a sufficiently high surface flatness, otherwise it will affect the overlap effect and bonding strength of the next cladding layer. Therefore, in order to ensure a higher surface flatness layer by layer in the multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding process, it is necessary to solve the problem of low surface flatness layer by layer in the multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding process, and finally produce a coated hob with higher cladding quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optimization solution for the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring in response to the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, so as to solve the problem of low surface flatness layer by layer in a multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding process, and to adjust the inclination angle between the hob cutter ring surface and the laser head and determine the optimal inclination angle, while adjusting the pressing degree of the roller to achieve rolling processing of the hob cutter ring cladding layer, thereby obtaining a higher surface flatness.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, comprising a laser head, a cutter ring fixing component, a posture control component and a control system;

[0006] The laser head is connected to a laser head control mechanism, and the laser head control mechanism is used to control the position and path of the laser head;

[0007] The cutter ring fixing assembly comprises a fixing bracket and a roller clamping mechanism, wherein the fixing bracket matches the cutter ring of the hob, and the roller clamping mechanism is arranged on the fixing bracket, and the roller clamping mechanism is used for rolling the cladding layer of the cutter ring of the hob;

[0008] The posture control component includes a multi-jaw chuck, a rotating shaft, an inclination shaft, a rotating drive unit and a translational drive unit, the multi-jaw chuck is fixedly connected to the hob cutter ring, the rotating shaft is connected to the center of the multi-jaw chuck, the first end of the inclination shaft is connected to the end of the rotating shaft through a universal coupling, the second end of the inclination shaft is connected to the rotating drive unit through a universal coupling, the rotating drive unit is connected to the translational drive unit, and the bottom of the fixed bracket is hinged;

[0009] The laser head control mechanism, the roller clamping mechanism, the rotation driving unit, and the translation driving unit are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0010] Furthermore, the roller clamping mechanism includes a roller, a roller shaft and an adjustment plate, the roller is rotatably connected to the roller shaft, a gear is provided on the roller shaft, a pair of adjustment plates are provided on both sides of the gear, the adjustment plates are meshed with the gear through a rack, and one of the adjustment plates is connected to the adjustment mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the cutter ring fixing assembly also includes a distance sensor, which is arranged on the roller and is used to measure the distance between the roller and the surface cladding layer of the hob cutter ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the roller clamping mechanism is provided with multiple groups, corresponding to the cladding layers on the circumferential surface and end surface of the hob cutter ring respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotation drive unit is a servo motor, the output shaft end of the servo motor is connected to the second end of the inclination shaft through a universal coupling, the translation drive unit includes a translation stage and an electric push rod driving the translation stage to move, and the servo motor is arranged on the translation stage.

[0014] Furthermore, the posture control component also includes a rotation angle sensor and an inclination sensor, the rotation angle sensor is used to detect the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the fixed bracket, and the inclination sensor is used to detect the inclination angle of the fixed bracket.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, using the above-mentioned device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1, performing laser cladding pretreatment on the hob cutter ring to be processed, clamping the hob cutter ring on a multi-claw chuck and installing it in a fixed bracket, preheating the surface of the hob cutter ring, driving the hob cutter ring to rotate one circle through a rotary drive unit, and at the same time, during the rotation process, the translation drive unit drives the hob cutter ring to tilt back and forth at a preset angle so that the circumference and end surface of the hob cutter ring are evenly heated, and the cladding powder is dried at high temperature, and injected into a powder feeder for standby use after cooling;

[0017] S2, a multi-path laser cladding operation is performed on the surface of the hob cutter ring to be processed. The control system drives the laser head to move to the top of the initial circumferential area of ​​the hob cutter ring, and the servo motor drives the hob cutter ring to rotate at a set speed for laser cladding. After completing a circumferential cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface, the servo motor drives the position of the next circumferential cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface relative to the inclination angle of the laser head to start the next laser cladding on the hob cutter ring surface. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring, the roller clamping mechanism rolls the cladding layer.

[0018] S3, a plurality of laser cladding paths of the cutter ring section are performed on the surface of the hob cutter ring to be processed, the control system drives the laser head to move to the outer edge of the end face of the hob cutter ring, and then performs laser cladding around the cutter ring section. After a cutter ring section cladding layer is completed on the hob cutter ring surface, the hob cutter ring is driven to rotate by a servo motor, and the position of the next cutter ring section cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface is adjusted to correspond to the laser head, and the next laser cladding of the hob cutter ring surface is started. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring, the roller clamping mechanism rolls the cladding layer;

[0019] S4, when the laser cladding work on the surface of the hob cutter ring is completed, disassemble the fixed bracket, loosen the multi-jaw chuck, and remove the coated hob cutter ring.

[0020] Furthermore, during the circular path laser cladding process, the initial circular area is selected to start the first laser cladding operation. After the first circular cladding layer is clad, the inclination sensor records and transmits the angle of the first circular cladding layer relative to the horizontal plane to the control system. Before the next laser cladding operation, the angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted. During the adjustment process, the inclination sensor provides real-time feedback on the angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the horizontal plane until the inclination angle between the next circular cladding layer and the previous circular cladding layer reaches The inclination angle between each circular cladding layer is equal to the difference between the angle of the adjusting hob cutter ring and the horizontal plane, and the next laser cladding operation begins.

[0021] Furthermore, during the laser cladding process of the cutter ring section path, the initial cutter ring section area is selected to start the first laser cladding operation. After the first cutter ring section cladding layer is clad, the angle sensor records and transmits the position of the first cutter ring section cladding layer as the initial point of the hob cutter ring rotation angle to the control system. Before the next cutter ring section laser cladding operation is performed, the rotation angle of the rotating shaft is adjusted. During the adjustment process, the angle sensor feeds back the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring in real time until the inclination angle between the next cutter ring section cladding layer and the previous cutter ring section cladding layer reaches , the inclination angle between the cladding layers of each cutter ring section is equal to the difference in the adjustment of the hob cutter ring rotation angle, and the next laser cladding operation begins.

[0022] Furthermore, based on different laser cladding processes, coated hob cutter ring samples with different surface flatness were obtained. The surface flatness characteristics of the hob cutter ring cladding layer were obtained by relying on the range sensor. At the same time, fitting was performed based on multiple linear regression, and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The surface flatness prediction model of the laser cladding hob cutter ring was established to obtain the optimal process parameters for laser cladding. The fitting equation for the surface flatness of the laser cladding hob cutter ring based on multiple linear regression is:

[0023]

[0024] in, is the surface flatness, For each tilt angle, For each rotation angle, is the laser cladding path, is the overlap rate, is the residual error, is the tilt angle coefficient, is the rotation angle coefficient, is the laser cladding path coefficient, is the overlap rate coefficient.

[0025] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The device and method for optimizing the surface flatness of the hob cutter ring provided by the present invention can accurately control the rotation angle and the tilt angle between the hob cutter ring surface and the laser head through the setting of the posture control component. Due to the influence of gravity during the powder flow process, part of the metal powder of the next cladding layer melts and flows, filling the gully between the two cladding layers, and the next laser beam can remelt the previous cladding layer to a certain extent, and the solidified cladding layer continues to flow under the action of gravity, which significantly improves the surface flatness of the hob cutter ring cladding layer, ensures the cladding quality of the hob cutter ring cladding layer, and effectively prolongs the service life of the coated hob; in addition, it also makes up for the previous laser cladding method that can only clamp the hob cutter ring horizontally and vertically, making the hob cutter ring laser cladding path more diversified;

[0027] The present invention performs rolling processing on the end face and the peripheral surface of the cladding layer of the hob cutter ring through a roller clamping mechanism, which can refine the grains of the cladding layer, induce the cladding layer to produce a residual compressive stress layer to reduce the crack growth rate, and improve the surface flatness of the cladding layer. At the same time, an (infrared) distance measuring sensor is used to detect the distance between the roller and the cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring, adjust the roller pressing degree, obtain the surface flatness of the cladding layer of the hob cutter ring, realize the synchronous implementation of the cladding process, rolling process and detection process of the hob cutter ring, and save operation time.

[0028] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the knife ring fixing assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the posture control component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is the inclination angle of the present invention Schematic diagram;

[0033] Figure 5 The rotation angle of the present invention Schematic diagram;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of each surface of the hob cutter ring of the present invention.

[0035] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0036] 10-laser head; 20-cutter ring fixing assembly; 21-fixed bracket; 22-distance sensor; 23-roller; 24-roller; 25-adjustment plate; 26-gear; 27-rack; 30-position control assembly; 31-multi-claw chuck; 32-rotation axis; 33-tilt axis; 34-rotation drive unit; 35-translation drive unit; 40-control system; 50-cutter ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for optimizing the surface flatness of a cutter ring of a laser cladding hob, comprising a laser head 10, a cutter ring fixing component 20, a posture control component 30, and a control system 40. The laser head 10 is connected to a laser head control mechanism (not shown in the figure), which is used to control the position and path of the laser head 10, and has horizontal and vertical freedom of movement, so that the laser head 10 can move to the laser cladding processing position, and can perform laser cladding according to a preset path. The laser head control mechanism is connected to the control system 40, and relies on the control system 40 for command control.

[0041] The cutter ring fixing assembly 20 is used to fix the hob cutter ring 50, and the cutter ring fixing assembly 20 includes a fixing bracket 21, a roller clamping mechanism, and a distance sensor 22. The fixing bracket 21 and the hob cutter ring 50 have similar surface profile shapes, and the hob cutter ring 50 is fixed in the fixing bracket 21. Figure 2 As shown, the roller clamping mechanism includes a roller 23, a roller shaft 24 and an adjustment plate 25. The roller 23 is rotatably connected to the roller shaft 24, and a gear 26 is provided on the roller shaft 24. A pair of adjustment plates 25 are provided on both sides of the gear 26, and both are meshed with the gear 26 through a rack 27. At the same time, one of the adjustment plates 25 is connected to the adjustment mechanism. When the position of the roller 23 needs to be adjusted, the corresponding adjustment plate 25 is driven to move by the adjustment mechanism, thereby driving the gear 26 to rotate. Since the other adjustment plate 25 is fixed, the gear 26 will also move relative to the fixed adjustment plate 25. It can be understood that the moving speed and displacement of the gear 26 are half of the adjustment plate 25. Therefore, when it is necessary to control the moving distance of the gear 26 and the roller shaft 24, it is only necessary to drive the corresponding adjustment plate 25 to move twice the distance through the adjustment mechanism.

[0042] The distance sensor 22 is arranged on the roller 23, and is used to measure the distance between the roller 23 and the surface cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50. The distance sensor 22 and the adjustment mechanism are both connected to the control system 40, and the control system 40 obtains the distance between the roller 23 and the surface cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50 measured by the distance sensor 22, and then controls the adjustment mechanism to adjust until the two adjustment plates 25 are fixed after the adjustment is in place, so the gear 26 and the roller 24 are also in a fixed state, and the roller 23 can rotate freely relative to the roller 24.

[0043] Among them, multiple groups of roller clamping mechanisms are provided, which can roll the circumferential surface and end surface cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50, refine the grains of the cladding layer, induce the cladding layer to produce a residual compressive stress layer, reduce the crack propagation rate, and improve the surface flatness of the cladding layer.

[0044] At the same time Figure 3As shown, the posture control component 30 includes a multi-claw chuck 31, a rotating shaft 32, an inclination shaft 33, a rotation drive unit 34 and a translation drive unit 35. Among them, the multi-claw chuck 31 (in this embodiment, a three-claw form is used as an example) is connected to the hob cutter ring 50, the rotating shaft 32 is connected to the center of the multi-claw chuck 31, the first end of the inclination shaft 33 is connected to the end of the rotating shaft 32 through a universal coupling, the second end of the inclination shaft 33 is connected to the rotation drive unit 34 through a universal coupling, and the rotation drive unit 34 is connected to the translation drive unit 35. Therefore, on the one hand, the rotation drive unit 34 drives the inclination shaft 33, the rotating shaft 32 and the multi-claw chuck 31 to rotate; on the other hand, the translation drive unit 35 drives the rotation drive unit 34 to move, so as to drive the hob cutter ring 50 to tilt through the inclination shaft 33.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the rotation drive unit 34 in this embodiment can be a servo motor, and the end of the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the second end of the inclination shaft 33 through a universal joint. The translation drive unit 35 includes a translation stage and an electric push rod for driving the translation stage to move. The servo motor is set on the translation stage, and a guide rail slider can be set to guide the translation stage, and the moving position of the translation stage is adjusted by the electric push rod.

[0046] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the multi-claw chuck 31 clamps and fixes the hob cutter ring 50 from the inside. The fixed bracket 21 is in the form of a half frame, which can wrap the lower half of the hob cutter ring 50. At the same time, the center of the fixed bracket 21 is hollowed out, which will not affect the connection of the multi-claw chuck 31. Among them, the bottom of the fixed bracket 21 is also hingedly connected to the support seat, etc., so it can be tilted.

[0047] In addition, the posture control component 30 also includes a rotation angle sensor and an inclination sensor. The rotation angle sensor and the inclination sensor can be set on the fixed bracket 21. The rotation angle sensor is used to detect the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring 50 relative to the fixed bracket 21, and the inclination sensor is used to detect the inclination angle of the fixed bracket 21 relative to the support surface, so as to control the angle by the feedback control system 40.

[0048] In the present embodiment, the path of laser cladding of the hob cutter ring 50 is divided into a circular path and a cutter ring cross-section path, and the two laser cladding paths have different ways of adjusting the inclination angle between each cladding layer. During the circular path laser cladding process, the initial circular area is selected to start the first laser cladding operation. After the first circular cladding layer is clad, the inclination sensor records and transmits the angle of the first circular cladding layer relative to the horizontal plane to the control system 40. Before performing the next laser cladding operation, the control system 40 drives the electric push rod to adjust the angle of the hob cutter ring 50 relative to the horizontal plane. The inclination sensor feeds back the angle of the hob cutter ring 50 relative to the horizontal plane in real time during the adjustment process until the inclination angle between the next circular cladding layer and the previous circular cladding layer reaches ,like Figure 4 As shown, the inclination angle between each circumferential cladding layer is equal to the difference in the angle of the adjusting hob cutter ring 50 relative to the horizontal plane, and the next laser cladding operation begins.

[0049] During the laser cladding process of the cutter ring section path, the initial cutter ring section area is selected to start the first laser cladding operation. After the first cutter ring section cladding layer is clad, the angle sensor records and transmits the position of the first cutter ring section cladding layer as the initial point of the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring 50 to the control system 40. Before the next cutter ring section laser cladding operation is performed, the control system 40 drives the servo motor to adjust the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 32. The angle sensor feeds back the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring 50 in real time during the adjustment process until the inclination angle between the next cutter ring section cladding layer and the previous cutter ring section cladding layer reaches ,like Figure 5 As shown, the inclination angle between the cladding layers of each cutter ring section is equal to the difference in the rotation angle of the adjusted hob cutter ring 50, and the next laser cladding operation begins.

[0050] Therefore, the rotation angle and tilt angle between the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 and the laser head 10 can be accurately controlled by the setting of the posture control component 30. Due to the influence of gravity during the powder flow process, part of the metal powder of the next cladding layer melts and flows, filling the gully between the two cladding layers, and the next laser beam can remelt the previous cladding layer to a certain extent. The solidified cladding layer continues to flow under the action of gravity, which significantly improves the surface flatness of the cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50, ensures the cladding quality of the cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50, and effectively extends the service life of the coated hob. In addition, it also makes up for the previous laser cladding method that can only clamp the hob cutter ring 50 horizontally and vertically, making the laser cladding path of the hob cutter ring 50 more diversified.

[0051] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment also provides a method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1, performing laser cladding pretreatment on the hob cutter ring 50 to be processed, including sanding the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 with sandpaper, cleaning and drying, clamping the hob cutter ring 50 on the multi-claw chuck 31, wrapping the lower half of the hob cutter ring 50 with a fixed bracket 21, preheating the surface of the hob cutter ring 50, driving the hob cutter ring 50 to rotate one circle by a servo motor, and at the same time, during the rotation process, the electric push rod drives the hob cutter ring 50 to tilt back and forth at a preset angle to ensure that the circumference and end face of the hob cutter ring 50 are evenly heated, and the cladding powder is dried at high temperature, and injected into the powder feeder for standby use after cooling to a suitable temperature.

[0053] S2, a multi-path laser cladding operation is performed on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 to be processed. First, the control system 40 drives the laser head 10 to move to the top of the initial circumferential area of ​​the hob cutter ring 50, and then the servo motor drives the hob cutter ring 50 to rotate at a set speed for laser cladding. After completing a circumferential cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50, the servo motor drives the position of the next circumferential cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 to change the inclination angle relative to the laser head 10, and then the next laser cladding of the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 is started. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring 50, the roller 23 in the fixed bracket 21 rolls the cladding layer.

[0054] S3, the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 to be processed is subjected to multiple laser cladding of the cutter ring cross section path, the control system 40 drives the laser head 10 to move to the outer edge of the end face of the hob cutter ring 50, and the control system 40 drives the laser head 10 to perform laser cladding operation around the cutter ring cross section. After completing a cutter ring cross section cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50, the hob cutter ring 50 is driven to rotate by a servo motor, and the position of the next cutter ring cross section cladding layer on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 is adjusted to correspond to the laser head 10, and the next laser cladding of the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 is started. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring 50, the roller 23 in the fixed bracket 21 rolls the cladding layer.

[0055] S4, when the laser cladding work on the surface of the hob cutter ring 50 is completed, the fixing bracket 21 is disassembled, the multi-jaw chuck 31 is loosened, and the coated hob cutter ring 50 is removed.

[0056] It should be noted that the laser cladding area of ​​the hob cutter ring 50 includes the blade surface A (circumferential surface), the left end surface B, and the right end surface C. Figure 6 As shown. The order of the laser cladding circular path can be divided into six ways: blade surface A-left end surface B-right end surface C, blade surface A-right end surface C-left end surface B, left end surface B-blade surface A-right end surface C, right end surface C-blade surface A-left end surface B, left end surface B-right end surface C-blade surface A, right end surface C-left end surface B-blade surface A. The order of the laser cladding cutter ring cross-sectional path can be divided into two ways: left end surface B-blade surface A-right end surface C, and right end surface C-blade surface A-left end surface B.

[0057] As described above, the optimization method of the surface flatness of the laser cladding hob cutter ring provided in this embodiment obtains coated hob cutter ring 50 samples with different surface flatness based on laser cladding processes such as different angles, laser cladding paths and overlap rates, and obtains the surface flatness characteristics of the cladding layer of the hob cutter ring 50 by relying on the ranging sensor 22. At the same time, fitting is performed based on multiple linear regression to calculate the correlation coefficient, thereby establishing a laser cladding hob cutter ring 50 surface flatness prediction model, thereby obtaining the optimal laser cladding process parameters. Among them, the fitting equation for the surface flatness of the laser cladding hob cutter ring 50 obtained based on multiple linear regression is:

[0058]

[0059] in, is the surface flatness, For each tilt angle, For each rotation angle, is the laser cladding path, is the overlap rate, is the residual error, is the tilt angle coefficient, is the rotation angle coefficient, is the laser cladding path coefficient, is the overlap rate coefficient. Using the collected data, a multivariate linear regression analysis is performed using statistical software or a programming language to obtain estimated values ​​of the three coefficients. The prediction model is optimized by the least square method, etc. to fit the actual observed surface flatness data to the greatest extent. Therefore, by predicting the surface flatness based on a given tilt angle, laser cladding path, and overlap rate, a combination of process parameters that optimizes the surface flatness can be found, thereby achieving the operation optimization of the laser cladding hob cutter ring 50.

[0060] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0061] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, characterized in that: Including laser head, cutter ring fixing component, posture control component and control system; The laser head is connected to a laser head control mechanism, and the laser head control mechanism is used to control the position and path of the laser head; The cutter ring fixing assembly comprises a fixing bracket and a roller clamping mechanism, wherein the fixing bracket matches the cutter ring of the hob, and the roller clamping mechanism is arranged on the fixing bracket, and the roller clamping mechanism is used for rolling the cladding layer of the cutter ring of the hob; The posture control component includes a multi-jaw chuck, a rotating shaft, an inclination shaft, a rotating drive unit and a translational drive unit, the multi-jaw chuck is fixedly connected to the hob cutter ring, the rotating shaft is connected to the center of the multi-jaw chuck, the first end of the inclination shaft is connected to the end of the rotating shaft through a universal coupling, the second end of the inclination shaft is connected to the rotating drive unit through a universal coupling, the rotating drive unit is connected to the translational drive unit, and the bottom of the fixed bracket is hinged; The laser head control mechanism, the roller clamping mechanism, the rotation driving unit, and the translation driving unit are all electrically connected to the control system.

2. The device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller clamping mechanism includes a roller, a roller shaft and an adjustment plate, wherein the roller is rotationally connected to the roller shaft, a gear is provided on the roller shaft, a pair of adjustment plates are provided on both sides of the gear, the adjustment plates are meshed with the gear through a rack, and one of the adjustment plates is connected to the adjustment mechanism.

3. The device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutter ring fixing assembly also includes a distance sensor, which is arranged on the roller and is used to measure the distance between the roller and the surface cladding layer of the hob cutter ring.

4. The device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller clamping mechanism is provided with multiple groups, corresponding to the cladding layers on the peripheral surface and end surface of the hob cutter ring respectively.

5. The device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation drive unit is a servo motor, the end of the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the second end of the inclination shaft through a universal coupling, the translation drive unit includes a translation platform and an electric push rod driving the translation platform to move, and the servo motor is arranged on the translation platform.

6. The device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The posture control component also includes a rotation angle sensor and an inclination sensor. The rotation angle sensor is used to detect the rotation angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the fixed bracket, and the inclination sensor is used to detect the inclination angle of the fixed bracket.

7. A method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring, using a device for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, performing laser cladding pretreatment on the hob cutter ring to be processed, clamping the hob cutter ring on a multi-claw chuck and installing it in a fixed bracket, preheating the surface of the hob cutter ring, driving the hob cutter ring to rotate one circle through a rotary drive unit, and at the same time, during the rotation process, the translation drive unit drives the hob cutter ring to tilt back and forth at a preset angle so that the circumference and end surface of the hob cutter ring are evenly heated, and the cladding powder is dried at high temperature, and injected into a powder feeder for standby use after cooling; S2, a multi-path laser cladding operation is performed on the surface of the hob cutter ring to be processed. The control system drives the laser head to move to the top of the initial circumferential area of ​​the hob cutter ring, and the servo motor drives the hob cutter ring to rotate at a set speed for laser cladding. After completing a circumferential cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface, the servo motor drives the position of the next circumferential cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface relative to the inclination angle of the laser head to start the next laser cladding on the hob cutter ring surface. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring, the roller clamping mechanism rolls the cladding layer. S3, a plurality of laser cladding paths of the cutter ring section are performed on the surface of the hob cutter ring to be processed, the control system drives the laser head to move to the outer edge of the end face of the hob cutter ring, and then performs laser cladding around the cutter ring section. After a cutter ring section cladding layer is completed on the hob cutter ring surface, the hob cutter ring is driven to rotate by a servo motor, and the position of the next cutter ring section cladding layer on the hob cutter ring surface is adjusted to correspond to the laser head, and the next laser cladding of the hob cutter ring surface is started. During the rotation of the hob cutter ring, the roller clamping mechanism rolls the cladding layer; S4, when the laser cladding work on the surface of the hob cutter ring is completed, disassemble the fixed bracket, loosen the multi-jaw chuck, and remove the coated hob cutter ring.

8. The method for optimizing the surface flatness of a laser cladding hob cutter ring according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the circular path laser cladding process, the initial circular area is selected to start the first laser cladding operation. After the first circular cladding layer is clad, the inclination sensor records and transmits the angle of the first circular cladding layer relative to the horizontal plane to the control system. Before the next laser cladding operation, the angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted. The inclination sensor feeds back the angle of the hob cutter ring relative to the horizontal plane in real time during the adjustment process until the inclination angle between the next circular cladding layer and the previous circular cladding layer reaches The inclination angle between each circular cladding layer is equal to the difference between the angle of the adjusting hob cutter ring and the horizontal plane, and the next laser cladding operation begins.

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