A planting method for preventing early maturing pear from flowering in the south

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for preventing early-maturing pear from reverting to flowering in the south, which comprises the following steps: (1) within one week after the pear trees are picked, fruit-picking fertilizer is applied by drenching, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed again after 12-18 days, and the total spraying times are 3; (2) two weeks after the fruit-picking fertilizer is applied, a circular ditch or a radial ditch with a depth of 30-60 cm is dug, base fertilizer is applied, and water is poured thoroughly; (3) one month after the base fertilizer is applied, a shallow ditch with a depth of 10-20 cm is dug at the base fertilizer application ditch, and microbial agent is applied; (4) before budding in the second year, budding fertilizer is applied; (5) before the second expansion of the fruit, fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied; and (6) the fruit is picked, and then re-planting is performed. Through the planting method, the early-maturing pear can be effectively prevented from reverting to flowering, so that the yield and quality of the early-maturing pear are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for preventing early-maturing pear flower return in the south. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pear is one of the original fruit trees in China, has a long history of cultivation, and is widely distributed, and the cultivation area and yield account for about 2 / 3 of the world. The yield of pear in the south is low, and the storage capacity is low, which is an important consumption market for pear in the north.

[0003] The early-maturing pear in the south refers to a group of early-maturing pear varieties suitable for cultivation in the climate conditions of the south, and the fruit ripening period is from the middle of June to the middle of August. Due to the high temperature in the south and the fast warming in early spring, the same pear variety matures about a month earlier in the south than in the north. Most of the pears in the north mature in September-October. The early-maturing pear in the south fills the gap of pear supply in the off-season and demand in the peak season from June to August, and has high cultivation benefits. However, due to the influence of adverse external climate conditions and extensive management, the phenomenon of early abnormal leaf abscission of pear after fruit picking occurs generally in the south. The early abnormal leaf abscission of pear refers to the phenomenon that a large number of leaves are abscised in the pear orchard under the climate conditions in the south before the middle and late of October (mainly in July-September). At this time, the external environment is high in temperature and humidity, the tree is active, the leaves are abscised, and the differentiated flower buds are also germinated and bloomed, which are called return green and secondary flower respectively. At present, the phenomenon of early leaf abscission, secondary flower and return green occurs in almost all low-elevation sand pear production areas in the south of China (Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and other places), and the light one is 15%-30%, and the heavy one is more than 70%. The occurrence of the early leaf abscission and secondary flower of pear is extremely unfavorable for the growth and fruiting of the next year. The direct consequence of the early leaf abscission is that the tree consumes a large amount of nutrients, weakens the tree, reduces the flower quantity of the next year, and the flower quality is poor, the fruit yield is low, the fruit quality is poor, the fruit is not easy to store, the fruit is easy to soften after picking, the shelf life is short, and the economic benefit is seriously affected. The harm of early leaf abscission and return green makes the pear planting benefit decrease, and the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for planting decreases, and some orchards are in a semi-abandoned state, and the healthy development of pear tree industry faces great challenges.

[0004] At present, there are many reports on the phenomenon of early maturing pear in the south returning green and flowering. The traditional prevention measures mainly protect the leaves by strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and pests to prevent early leaf fall, and then prevent flowering. However, the growth cycle of early maturing pear in the south is long, from sprouting in March-April to leaf fall in November-December, and the leaf retention time is as long as 8-9 months. It is difficult and costly to protect the leaves for a long time, which not only cannot fundamentally solve the problem, but also is easily affected by external environment and leads to failure. In the prior art, such as journal literature (Qin Xushun, Zhou Yanxia, Jiang Zhenhua, etc. Key technology for preventing early maturing pear from returning to flower in the south [J]. Modern agricultural science, 2019 (17): 2.) summarizes the key technology for preventing early maturing pear from returning to flower in the south, but does not specifically expand the discussion, such as only introducing the types of fertilizers, but not introducing the detailed composition of the fertilizers, which lacks reference value.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a planting method for efficiently and stably preventing early maturing pear in the south from returning to flower. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to solve the above technical problems, and provides a planting method for preventing early maturing pear in the south from returning to flower, which can effectively prevent early maturing pear in the south from returning to flower, and improve the yield, quality and storage time of early maturing pear.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0008] A planting method for preventing early maturing pear in the south from returning to flower, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Within one week after the pear tree is picked, the picking fertilizer is applied, and the leaf fertilizer is sprayed at the same time, and the leaf fertilizer is sprayed again after 12-18 days, a total of 3 times;

[0010] (2) Two weeks after the picking fertilizer is applied, a circular ditch or radial ditch with a depth of 30-60 cm is dug, and base fertilizer is applied, and water is poured thoroughly;

[0011] (3) One month after the base fertilizer is applied, a shallow ditch of 10-20 cm is dug at the base fertilizer application ditch, and a microbial agent is applied;

[0012] (4) The germination fertilizer is applied before germination in the second year;

[0013] (5) The fruit strengthening fertilizer is applied before the second swelling of the fruit;

[0014] (6) The fruit is picked, and then steps (1)-(5) are repeated.

[0015] Pyrus tree flowering and fruit setting will consume a large amount of nutrients, if the fruit after the nutrition is not supplied in time, will accelerate the leaf senescence, photosynthesis of leaves, chloroplast damage, thus causing a large number of early leaf fall, and a large number of early leaf fall, cause stress to the tree, out of the physiological characteristics of the protective response of the tree, the tree to protect their own life extension, pear tree will appear green and flower again, and the flower again will affect the growth of pear tree in the second year, therefore, in order to supply nutrients to the pear tree in time, prevent the leaf fall caused by green and flower again, after picking fruit, need to spray the picking fertilizer as soon as possible.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1) of the present application, the picking fertilizer is made of the following raw materials by weight: organic water-soluble fertilizer 0.5-2 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer 0.5-2 parts, water 300-500 parts; more preferably, the picking fertilizer is made of the following raw materials by weight: organic water-soluble fertilizer 1 part, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer 1 part, water 400 parts. The spraying amount of picking fertilizer is 10-20 kg / plant.

[0017] As a supplement to soil fertilization, in order to further enhance the photosynthesis of leaves, improve the immunity of pear tree, prevent early leaf fall, it is necessary to regularly spray foliar fertilizer after picking fruit, the spraying amount of foliar fertilizer is 0.5-1 kg / plant each time. Preferably, in step (1) of the present application, the foliar fertilizer is made of the following raw materials by weight: foliar fertilizer is made of the following raw materials by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2 parts, persimmon peel pulp 25-50 parts, water 250-350 parts. The preparation method of the persimmon peel pulp comprises the following steps: taking persimmon peel, beating, adding 0.01-0.06% sorbitol based on the weight of persimmon peel, sealing fermentation at 25-35℃ for 6-9 months to obtain persimmon peel pulp.

[0018] In the foliar fertilizer of the present application, persimmon peel pulp as one of the raw materials, can turn waste into treasure, in the fermentation process, due to the sorbitol can improve the osmotic pressure between molecules, so that the persimmon peel particles are not easy to agglomerate, so that the fermentation substrate system is more uniform and stable, and excellent fermentation effect is obtained; after fermentation, the potassium, magnesium, iron and other nutrient components in the persimmon peel pulp are more easily absorbed by the leaves, after a long time of fermentation, the persimmon peel pulp accumulates small and uniform gelatinous substances, which can lock the nutrient components of the foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface for a long time after adding the foliar fertilizer, and are not easy to fall off, fully utilize the foliar fertilizer, ensure the nutrition of pear tree leaves, at the same time, the fermented persimmon peel pulp also contains flavones and polyphenols, which can stimulate the immune system of pear tree to a certain extent, improve the resistance of pear tree to pathogen, help the leaves to effectively resist the invasion of pests and diseases, and prevent the pear tree from causing a large number of leaf fall due to pests and diseases and nutrient deficiency.

[0019] In the traditional cultivation method, base fertilizer is generally applied in winter, and the technical scheme of the present application adopts autumn base fertilizer, which is applied two weeks after the application of fruit-picking fertilizer, at which time the tree vigor gradually recovers, and deep application of base fertilizer by trenching and root cutting does not cause tree vigor to weaken. Autumn base fertilizer can promote pear root growth, allow the root system to grow downward, improve drought resistance and nutrient absorption capacity, and on the other hand, can promote flower bud differentiation, increase tree nutrient storage, ensure the nutrients required for flowering and fruiting the following year, and improve yield and quality. Preferably, in step (2) of the present application, the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: organic fertilizer 40-60 parts, filler 10-20 parts, balanced ternary compound fertilizer 0.3-0.6 parts, potassium sulfate 0.8-1.6 parts, calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 1.5-3 parts, borax 0.1-0.2 parts, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.2 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.2 parts, and water-retaining agent 0.5-1 part. The application amount of the base fertilizer is 30-50 kg per plant. In the above technical scheme, the organic fertilizer is a mixture of pig and cattle stall manure in any proportion; more preferably, the mass ratio of pig manure to cattle manure is 1:1. The base fertilizer composition of the present application synergistically acts to break the nutrient transport barrier, allowing the pear tree to quickly absorb nutrients and supply them to the tree in a timely manner, preventing abnormal early leaf fall after the pear tree is picked.

[0020] After the early-maturing pear in the south is picked, it will encounter high-temperature and dry weather. Under high-temperature stress, the pear tree is prone to water loss due to the inability to water precisely and timely, thereby aggravating leaf early senescence and shedding. Therefore, a water-retaining agent is added to the base fertilizer. The water-retaining agent of the present application can absorb and retain a certain amount of water, forming a stable water supply environment at the root of the pear tree, effectively reducing soil water evaporation, effectively improving soil moisture in a dry environment, providing a sustained water source for the pear tree, and improving the drought resistance of the pear tree. At the same time, it can also increase the temperature stability of the soil. Due to the action of the water-retaining agent, a large amount of neutral water-soluble nutrients can be adsorbed, thereby providing nutrients to the pear tree in a dry environment and preventing nutrients from stopping transport, which causes a large amount of leaf fall.

[0021] Preferably, in order to synergistically achieve the above effects, the preparation method of the water-retaining agent according to the present application is as follows:

[0022] (1) Take yam skin, beat it to pulp, add 0.1-0.5% of lactic acid bacteria based on the weight of the yam skin, and seal and ferment at 25-35℃ and pH 6.5-7.0 for 30-40 hours, then filter to obtain yam skin liquid;

[0023] (2) Mix chitosan and the yam skin liquid obtained in step (1) uniformly according to a solid-liquid ratio of 10g:1-3ml, react for 1-2h, then add 1-6% of sodium citrate based on the weight of chitosan, and react in a water bath at 60-70℃ for 10-15h;

[0024] (3) Compress and dry to obtain the water-retaining agent.

[0025] The present application uses yam peel as a modification material of chitosan, which can not only change waste into treasure, but also obtain excellent modification effect, so that the modified chitosan has excellent water retention effect.

[0026] In the present application, the filler is added in the base fertilizer to better fill in the gap of the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is more closely contacted, and the function of protecting the fertilizer is played to improve the slow-release and water-retention effect of the fertilizer.

[0027] Firstly, the attapulgite and sodium hydroxide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4-0.6, and then treated at 790-800℃ for 0.5-4h to obtain the pre-modified attapulgite;

[0028] Subsequently, the obtained pre-modified attapulgite is placed in a modification liquid and treated at 90-95℃ for 10-30min, and then centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the modified attapulgite; wherein the modification liquid is obtained by mixing concentrated ammonia water, hydrogen peroxide solution and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3:7;

[0029] Finally, the obtained modified attapulgite and kaolin are added to water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-2, and treated at 25-35℃ for 0.5-4h, and then centrifuged, washed and dried, and finally ground and sieved to 150-250 meshes to obtain the filler.

[0030] Based on the above scheme, the present application provides a preparation method of base fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing organic fertilizer, balanced ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and then crushing and sieving to 50-100 meshes, and then mixing with water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture; then, water is added to the mixture until granulation to form small particles, and then the filler is added for further granulation, and finally dried to obtain the base fertilizer.

[0031] After the base fertilizer is applied for one month, the organic matter and other nutrients in the soil are accumulated slowly, and in this process, the soil has difficult-to-dissolve nutrients, and is not beneficial to the diffusion of the nutrient components in the soil, and the microorganism bacteria in the soil are limited, and therefore, the microorganism bacteria agent needs to be added to promote the dissolution and release of the difficult-to-dissolve nutrients in the soil, to expand the contact area of the nutrient components in the soil and the roots of the pear trees, and to improve the supply capacity of the soil nutrients, that is, to improve the nutrient supply capacity of the pear trees, and to prevent the early-maturing pear trees in the south from flowering again. Preferably, in the present application, the microorganism bacteria agent is obtained by mixing the Azotobacter chroococcum, Streptomyces rubiginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a weight ratio of 5:1-3:1-3, and the application amount of the microorganism bacteria agent is 0.6-1 kg per tree. In the present application, the application amount of the microorganism bacteria agent needs to be determined in cooperation with the base fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer, and therefore, if the application amount of the microorganism bacteria agent is too large, the planting cost will be increased, and the corresponding promoting effect will not necessarily be obtained; in addition, if the application amount of the microorganism bacteria agent is too large, the balance of the soil microorganism community will be broken in a short period of time, the natural recovery capacity of the soil will be affected, the environment of the pear tree roots will be unsuitable, the normal absorption and growth of the pear trees will be affected, and the nutrient transportation will be hindered; if the application amount of the microorganism bacteria agent is too small, the amount of the microorganism bacteria is not enough to significantly improve the soil and the growth of the pear trees, the absorption of the nutrients by the trees is not enough, and the expected effect cannot be achieved. The Azotobacter chroococcum selected in the present application can fix nitrogen and decompose the nutrients in the soil, and promote the growth and development of the plants; the Streptomyces rubiginosus can decompose the organic matter in the soil, promote the photosynthesis of the plants, and prevent the occurrence of the diseases of the pear trees; and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can resist diseases and inhibit bacteria, promote the growth of the pear trees, and reduce the probability of diseases.

[0032] In March and April of the second year, the pear trees need a large amount of nutrients to support the sprouting and flowering during the budding period, and therefore, budding fertilizer needs to be applied, the budding fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.25-0.5 parts of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.4 parts of urea, and the application amount of the budding fertilizer is 0.4-1 kg per tree; more specifically, in step (4) of the present application, the budding fertilizer is applied before the pear trees bud, 0.25-0.5 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.4 kg of urea are applied per pear tree. The budding fertilizer is mainly balanced fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilizer, but if too much nitrogen is applied, the pear trees will have unbalanced nutrition, the spring shoots will be too vigorous, the difficulty of fruit preservation will be increased, and the tender leaves that grow rapidly are more likely to be attacked by pests and pathogenic bacteria; if the amount of nitrogen is not enough, the leaves grow slowly, the leaves are small and light in color, the photosynthetic capacity is reduced, the pear trees are affected in flowering and fruiting, and the yield and quality of the early-maturing pear trees are reduced.

[0033] In order to meet the large demand of early-maturing pears for nutrients during the rapid expansion period of fruits, and at the same time to reserve sufficient nutrients for the tree body, it is necessary to apply fruit-enlarging fertilizer during the expansion period of early-maturing pears. Preferably, in step (5) of the present application, fruit-enlarging fertilizer is applied, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: potassium sulfate 0.2-0.4 parts, balanced ternary compound fertilizer 0.5-1 part, and lime 0.3-0.5 part. The application amount of the fruit-enlarging fertilizer is 1-2 kg per tree. Specifically, 0.2-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer, and 0.3-0.5 kg of lime are applied per pear tree. It should be noted that if the application amount of the fruit-enlarging fertilizer is too large, the pear tree will grow excessively, causing the pear tree to transport more nutrients to the leaves rather than the pears, and also causing the pear tree to absorb nutrients unevenly, thereby affecting the yield and quality of early-maturing pears. If the application amount is insufficient, the pear tree will grow slowly due to the lack of necessary nutrient elements, the fruits will develop poorly, the sizes of the fruits will be uneven, and the quality will decrease, which will also affect the taste and nutritional value of the fruits, such as sugar content, vitamin content, and fruit hardness.

[0034] It should be particularly emphasized that the preparation of part of the fertilizer in the present application has no special features and can be applied by simple water dissolution or mixing, which is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The planting method provided by the present application optimizes each link of planting, and precisely applies strategies, which can effectively prevent the early-maturing pears in the south from reverting to flowers, thereby improving the yield, quality, and storage time of early-maturing pears.

[0037] (2) The planting method provided by the present application provides targeted and specific fertilizers in each link of planting. By applying fruit-harvesting fertilizer after fruit harvesting, combined with foliar fertilizer, base fertilizer in autumn, and microbial inoculants applied later, multiple measures are taken to ensure the nutrients and water required by the tree body, improve the nutrient level and photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, enhance the stress resistance, effectively prevent the pear tree from falling leaves early, and make it fall leaves at the normal time (November-December), so as to prevent the pear tree from reverting to flowers due to early leaf fall and affect the development of the next year.

[0038] (3) The planting method provided by the present application precisely controls the application amount of nutrients at each stage, which can not only prevent the pear tree from reverting to flowers due to early leaf fall, but also effectively increase the storage of nutrients in the tree body, guarantee the nutrients required for flowering and fruit setting in the next year, and improve the yield and quality.

[0039] (4) In the use of foliar fertilizer, the beneficial microorganisms and nutrients obtained by the decomposition of persimmon peel after fermentation can provide nutrients for the pear tree. At the same time, the tannic acid and flavonoids rich in persimmon peel can resist diseases and improve the resistance of the pear tree. In addition, the use of persimmon peel can turn waste into treasure and has environmental protection significance.

[0040] (5) The planting method provided by the application further improves the slow-release and water-retention effect of base fertilizer by using fillers in base fertilizer. Specifically, relatively common attapulgite and kaolin are selected for composite use, and the cost is relatively controllable. The attapulgite is modified in a targeted manner. First, high-temperature alkali treatment is performed to increase the specific surface area and enrich the pore channels of the attapulgite. Then, the attapulgite is modified by a mixed solution to introduce hydroxyl groups, which is conducive to the composite use of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the attapulgite and the hydroxyl groups rich on the surface of the kaolin, thereby improving the filling effect of the mixture of the two in the fertilizer. It should be emphasized that the reason why the attapulgite and the kaolin are selected in the application is that the two also have certain water-retention, slow-release and adsorption effects, thereby further improving the comprehensive ability of the base fertilizer.

[0041] (6) The base fertilizer provided by the application uses persimmon peel and chitosan as main raw materials for a water-retention agent. Specifically, the preparation of the water-retention agent first utilizes lactic acid bacteria to ferment yam peel. During the fermentation process, microorganisms such as bacteria and molds can secrete enzymes, and these enzymes can decompose chitosan, thereby reducing the molecular weight and crystallinity of chitosan. This degradation makes the molecular structure of chitosan more loose, which is conducive to the introduction of more functional groups to improve the water-retention effect. In addition, during the fermentation process, part of the active ingredients in the yam peel can react with chitosan. For example, ester groups can be introduced on the hydroxyl groups of chitosan through esterification, which can increase the hydrophobic interaction between molecules. Amideization occurs on the amino groups of chitosan, which can introduce different functional amide groups. This modification can not only enhance the compatibility of chitosan with other high molecules, but also improve the water-retention property by increasing the hydrogen bond interaction between molecules. These reactions can change the functional groups of chitosan, thereby improving its solubility, adsorption, and water absorption properties. In order to improve the stability of the modified chitosan, a small amount of sodium citrate is added. The sodium citrate can neutralize the acidic substances in the chitosan solution, thereby increasing the pH value of the solution. When the pH value increases, the amino ions are deprotonated, the electrostatic repulsion between molecules decreases, and the chitosan molecules interact with each other to form new physical structures. At the same time, the citrate ions can complex with the amino groups in the chitosan molecules to form stable complexes. These actions can change the electrostatic interaction between chitosan molecules, promote the aggregation and cross-linking of chitosan molecules, and further improve the stability of the modified chitosan. The modified chitosan can stably play a water-retention effect, and when placed in base fertilizer, it can ensure that the base fertilizer stably provides the required nutrients and water for the tree.

[0042] In summary, the planting method provided by the application can effectively prevent pear tree reflowering and improve the planting quality of pear trees, and has potential application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1The planting condition of the example 1 group in the test example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0045] In the present application, all the fertilizer raw materials are purchased from the market unless otherwise specified. Among them, the organic water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Guangxi Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd.; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Guangxi Qinhuiwang Ecological Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd.; the balanced ternary compound fertilizer is purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.; the azotobacter chroococcum is purchased from Yangzhou Haicheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is purchased from Jiangsu Tianbusheng Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; the streptomyces miniatus is purchased from Shandong Tianying Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; the concentration of the concentrated ammonia water is 25wt%, and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 30wt%.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A planting method for preventing early-maturing pear from flowering in the south, comprising the following steps:

[0048] (1) Within one week after fruit picking, fruit picking fertilizer is applied by dripping, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed on each pear tree at a time according to 0.6kg, and the leaf fertilizer is sprayed every 12 days for 3 times; the fruit picking fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: organic water-soluble fertilizer 0.1kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 0.1kg, and water 50kg, and the dosage for each pear tree is 10kg; the leaf fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1kg, persimmon peel pulp 2.5kg, and water 35kg;

[0049] (2) Two weeks after the fruit picking fertilizer is applied, a 40cm deep radial ditch is dug, and base fertilizer is applied, and water is poured thoroughly; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: organic fertilizer 6kg, filler 1.5kg, balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 0.03kg, potassium sulfate 0.08kg, calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 0.15kg, borax 0.01kg, zinc sulfate 0.01kg, magnesium sulfate 0.01kg, and water-retaining agent 0.05kg; the application amount of the base fertilizer is 40kg per tree;

[0050] (3) One month after the base fertilizer is applied, a 15cm shallow ditch is dug at the base fertilizer application ditch, and the amount of microbial agent applied for each pear tree is 0.6kg; the microbial agent is a mixture of azotobacter chroococcum, streptomyces miniatus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a weight ratio of 5:1:3;

[0051] (4) In the second year before germination, each pear tree is applied with 0.25 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) and 0.2 kg of urea as germination fertilizer;

[0052] (5) Before the second expansion of the fruit, each pear tree is applied with 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) and 0.3 kg of lime as fruit strengthening fertilizer;

[0053] (6) After the fruit is picked, steps (1)-(5) are repeated.

[0054] The preparation of the above filling material includes the following steps:

[0055] First, the attapulgite and sodium hydroxide are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5, then treated at 795°C for 3h to obtain a pre-modified attapulgite;

[0056] Subsequently, the obtained pre-modified attapulgite is placed in a modification liquid and treated at 90°C for 20 min. After treatment, centrifugation, washing and drying treatment are performed to obtain the modified attapulgite. The modification liquid is obtained by mixing concentrated ammonia water (mass concentration of 25%), hydrogen peroxide solution (mass concentration of 2.5%) and water in a volume ratio of 1:3:7;

[0057] Finally, the obtained modified attapulgite and kaolin are added to water according to a mass ratio of 1:1, treated at 30°C for 2h, then subjected to centrifugation, washing and drying treatment, and finally ground and sieved to 200 mesh to obtain the filling material.

[0058] The preparation of the above water-retaining agent includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Yam skin is beaten to pulp, 0.1% of lactobacillus by weight of yam skin is added, and sealed fermentation is carried out at 25°C and 7.0 pH for 40h. Filtration is performed to obtain yam skin liquid;

[0060] (2) Chitosan and yam skin liquid are uniformly mixed according to a solid-liquid ratio of 10g:1ml. After 1h of reaction, 1% of sodium citrate by weight of chitosan is added, and reaction is carried out in a 60°C water bath for 15h;

[0061] (3) Compression and drying are performed to obtain the water-retaining agent.

[0062] The preparation method of the persimmon peel pulp is as follows: persimmon peel is beaten to pulp, 0.01% of sorbitol by weight of persimmon peel is added, and sealed fermentation is carried out at 35°C for 6 months to obtain the persimmon peel pulp.

[0063] The preparation of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing organic fertilizer, balanced ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, crushing and sieving to 80 meshes, then mixing with water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture; then, adding water to the mixture until granulation to form small particles, then adding filler to continue granulation, and finally drying to obtain the base fertilizer.

[0064] Other cultivation management measures refer to the existing technology of NYT442-2013.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A planting method for preventing early-maturing pear from flowering in the south, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) One week after fruit picking, fruit picking fertilizer is applied by irrigation, and leaf fertilizer is applied by spraying at an amount of 1 kg per pear tree each time, with an interval of 18 days, and the spraying is repeated for 3 times; the fruit picking fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: organic water-soluble fertilizer 0.1 kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 0.1 kg, and water 30 kg, with a dosage of 12 kg per pear tree; the leaf fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 kg, persimmon peel pulp 5 kg, and water 25 kg;

[0068] (2) Two weeks after the fruit picking fertilizer is applied, a 45 cm deep radial ditch is dug, and base fertilizer is applied, and water is poured thoroughly; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: organic fertilizer 5.5 kg, filler 1.6 kg, balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 0.06 kg, potassium sulfate 0.16 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.3 kg, borax 0.02 kg, zinc sulfate 0.02 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.02 kg, and water-retaining agent 0.1 kg;

[0069] (3) One month after the base fertilizer is applied, a 10-20 cm shallow ditch is dug at the base fertilizer application ditch, and a microbial agent is applied at an amount of 1 kg per pear tree; the microbial agent is a mixture of Azotobacter chroococcum, Streptomyces rubiginosus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens at a weight ratio of 5:1:3;

[0070] (4) Before budding in the second year, balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 0.5 kg and urea 0.4 kg are applied as budding fertilizer per pear tree;

[0071] (5) Before the second expansion of the fruit, potassium sulfate 0.4 kg, balanced ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 1 kg, and lime 0.5 kg are applied as fruit strengthening fertilizer per pear tree;

[0072] (6) Steps (1)-(5) are repeated after fruit picking.

[0073] The preparation of the filler comprises the following steps:

[0074] Firstly, the attapulgite and sodium hydroxide are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and then treated at 795℃ for 3h to obtain the pre-modified attapulgite;

[0075] Subsequently, the obtained pre-modified attapulgite is placed in a modification liquid and treated at 90℃ for 20min, and then centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the modified attapulgite; wherein the modification liquid is obtained by mixing concentrated ammonia water (mass concentration of 25%), hydrogen peroxide solution (mass concentration of 2.5%) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3:7;

[0076] Finally, the obtained modified attapulgite and kaolin are added to water according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then treated at 30℃ for 2h, followed by centrifugation, washing, drying and sieving to obtain the filler.

[0077] The preparation of the water-retaining agent includes the following steps:

[0078] (1) The yam skin is beaten to pulp, 0.5% of lactic acid bacteria by weight of the yam skin is added, and then sealed fermentation is carried out at 35℃ and 6.5pH for 30h, and then filtered to obtain the yam skin liquid;

[0079] (2) The chitosan and the yam skin liquid are uniformly mixed according to the solid-liquid ratio of 10g:3ml, and then reacted for 2h, and then 6% of sodium citrate by weight of the chitosan is added, and then reacted in a water bath at 70℃ for 15h;

[0080] (3) Compressed and dried to obtain the water-retaining agent.

[0081] The preparation method of the persimmon peel pulp includes the following steps: the persimmon peel is beaten to pulp, 0.06% of sorbitol by weight of the persimmon peel is added, and then sealed fermentation is carried out at 25℃ for 6 months to obtain the persimmon peel pulp.

[0082] The preparation of the base fertilizer includes the following steps: the organic fertilizer, balanced ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate are mixed, crushed and sieved to 80 meshes, and then mixed with the water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture; then water is added to the mixture until granulation to form small particles, and then the filler is added to continue granulation, and finally dried to obtain the base fertilizer.

[0083] Other cultivation and management measures refer to the existing technology of NYT442-2013.

[0084] Test Example 1

[0085] In order to verify the influence of different fertilization methods on the early leaf fall rate, flowering rate, yield and quality of pear trees, the orchard 1 in Daren Village, Guanyang Town, Guanyang County, Guangxi was selected as the test area, the variety was Cui Guan, the tree age was 12 years, and the test was divided into 3 groups, 5 pear trees with similar vigor were selected as test objects in each group, and the specific treatments were as follows:

[0086] (1) Example 1 group: using the method of Example 1 planting;

[0087] (2) Example 2 group: using the method of Example 2 planting;

[0088] (3) Comparative Example 1 group: conventional planting method, the specific measures are: fertilization 4 times a year, pre-germination fertilizer is applied before germination, 0.6 kg of urea and 0.6 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per plant; fruit enlargement fertilizer is applied before the second fruit enlargement, 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant; fruit picking fertilizer is applied after fruit picking, 0.25 kg of urea is applied per plant; base fertilizer is applied before leaf fall in winter, 18 kg of organic fertilizer and 1.2 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer are applied per plant; other cultivation and management measures refer to the existing technology of NYT442-2013.

[0089] The test mainly investigates the early leaf fall rate, return flower rate, and single plant yield of pear trees and measures the quality of Cui Guan pear (soluble solid content, single fruit weight, fruit hardness at picking, and fruit hardness after 10 days), and the specific methods are as follows:

[0090] 1. Investigation of early leaf fall rate and return flower rate of pear trees

[0091] Randomly select 4 different directions of healthy perennial branches on the outside of each test object, count the total number of leaves in mid-July (before early leaf fall) every year, count the number of remaining leaves in mid-October, calculate the leaf fall rate, and count the number of flower buds that have germinated and have not germinated in mid-November, calculate the return flower rate.

[0092] 2. Investigation of single plant yield and quality of pear trees

[0093] At fruit ripening, all fruits are picked per plant, the weight of single plant fruit is weighed, the number of fruits is counted, the average single plant yield is calculated, 10 fruits are randomly selected per plant, 5 of which are immediately measured for soluble solid content and fruit hardness, the other 5 are uniformly stored in a 25℃ environment, and the fruit hardness is measured after 10 days. The soluble solid content is measured by a handheld refractometer, and the fruit hardness is measured by a GY-3 type fruit hardness meter.

[0094] Table 1 Effect of different fertilization methods on early leaf fall rate and return flower rate of pear trees

[0095]

[0096] From Table 1, the early leaf fall rate and flower return rate of Example 1 group and Example 2 group using the method of the present application are significantly reduced compared with Comparative Example 1 group using the conventional planting method, and the early leaf fall rate and flower return rate in 2023 are also significantly reduced compared with 2022, which shows that the present application can effectively prevent the early-maturing pear in the south from returning flowers, and the continuous use of the technical solution of the present application can improve the effect of preventing flower return. Specifically, the figure taken in November 2022 is shown in Figure 1

[0097] Table 2 Influence of different fertilization methods on yield and quality of pear trees

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] From Table 2, it can be seen that by the method of the present application, compared with the comparative example, the present application not only improves the yield per plant, soluble solids content and fruit hardness of Example 1 group and Example 2 group in the same year, but also solves the problem that the Cui Guan pear is easy to soften after picking. The hardness of the pear fruit decreases less 10 days after picking, the fruit is more resistant to storage, and the taste is better. The flower return rate of the comparative example in 2021 and 2022 reached 54.23% and 66.15%, respectively, resulting in a decrease of 34.5% in the yield per plant in 2023 compared with the yield per plant in 2022 (the yield per plant in 2022 corresponds to the pear trees with early leaf fall rate and flower return rate counted in the previous year 2021, and the same applies to the subsequent years). The yield per plant of Example 1 group and Example 2 group with lower flower return rate increased by 10.5% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2023, which shows that the present application can ensure continuous high yield and stable yield by significantly reducing the flower return rate.

[0101] Test Example 2

[0102] In order to verify the influence of different base fertilizer preparation methods on the leaf fall rate and flower return rate of pear trees, a continuous multi-year test observation was carried out in Test Area 2 of the orchard in Daren Village, Guanyang Town, Guanyang County, Guangxi, the variety was Cui Guan, and the tree age was 12 years. The test was divided into 5 groups, and 5 pear trees with similar tree vigor were selected as test objects in each group. The specific treatments are as follows:

[0103] (1) Example 1 group: planted by the method of Example 1, i.e. Example 1 group of Test Example 1;

[0104] (2) Comparative Example 2 group: the water retention agent is only chitosan, and the rest of the planting steps are the same as Example 1;

[0105] (3) Comparative Example 3 group: the yam skin is replaced with pumpkin skin, and the rest of the planting steps are the same as Example 1;

[0106] ​(4) Comparative Example 4 group: omit the use of filler, and the remaining planting steps are the same as Example 1;

[0107] (5) Comparative Example 5 group: the preparation of the filler omits the modification of the attapulgite (i.e., the attapulgite is directly mixed with the kaolin), and the remaining planting steps are the same as Example 1.

[0108] The test mainly investigates the early leaf loss rate and the flower return rate of pear trees, and the specific method is as follows: four different directions of the crown of each test object are randomly selected, and the number of leaves is counted in mid-July of each year (before early leaf loss occurs), and the number of leaves is counted once in mid-October, and the leaf loss rate is calculated; the number of flower buds that have germinated and have not germinated is counted once in mid-November, and the flower return rate is calculated.

[0109] Table 3 Effect of different preparation methods of water-retaining agents on early leaf loss rate and flower return rate of pear trees

[0110]

[0111] From Table 3, it can be seen that the different preparation methods of base fertilizer have a significant effect on the early leaf loss rate and flower return rate of pear trees. In Comparative Example 2, the chitosan was not modified, and in Comparative Example 3, the yam skin was replaced with pumpkin skin. The change in the composition of the modified material makes the modification effect of chitosan worse, and the water-retaining effect of these two water-retaining agents is poor. The use or modification of the filler in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 also makes the effect of the base fertilizer worse. During the high-temperature and drought period from August to October, the soil moisture changes greatly, and the tree drought resistance is insufficient, resulting in a high early leaf loss rate and an increased flower return rate. The flower return rate of the examples is lower.

[0112] Test Example 3

[0113] In order to verify the effect of different leaf fertilizers on the early leaf loss rate and flower return rate of pear trees, a continuous multi-year test observation was conducted in Test Area 3 of the orchard in Daren Village, Guanyang Town, Guanyang County, Guangxi. The variety is Cui Guan, and the tree age is 12 years. The test is divided into two groups, and five pear trees with similar vigor are selected as test objects in each group. The specific treatment is as follows:

[0114] (1) Example 1 group: planted by the method of Example 1; i.e., Example 1 group of Test Example 1;

[0115] (2) Comparative Example 6 group: no sorbitol is added when preparing the leaf fertilizer, and the remaining planting steps are the same as Example 1.

[0116] The test mainly investigates the early defoliation rate and the flower return rate of pear trees, and the specific method is as follows: 4 different directions of the crown of each test object are randomly selected, and the total number of leaves is counted in mid-July (before early defoliation occurs) every year, and the number of leaves remaining is counted in mid-October, and the defoliation rate is calculated; the number of flower buds that have germinated and have not germinated is counted in mid-November, and the flower return rate is calculated.

[0117] Table 4 Influence of preparation methods of different foliar fertilizers on early defoliation rate and flower return rate of pear trees

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] From Table 4, it can be seen that the preparation methods of different foliar fertilizers have a significant influence on the early defoliation rate and the flower return rate of pear trees. Among them, the comparative example 6 group lacks sorbitol when preparing the foliar fertilizer, which may lead to poor persimmon skin fermentation effect, resulting in decreased adhesion of the foliar fertilizer, poor leaf absorption effect, higher early defoliation rate and flower return rate than the examples.

[0121] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present application should belong to the scope of the patent application of the present application.

Claims

1. A planting method for preventing the return of flowering of a southern early-ripening pear, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) one week after fruit picking, fruit picking fertilizer is applied by dripping, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed, and the leaf fertilizer is sprayed again after 12-18 days, and the total spraying is 3 times; (2) two weeks after the fruit picking fertilizer is applied, a ring-shaped or radial ditch with a depth of 30-60 cm is dug, base fertilizer is applied, and water is poured thoroughly; (3) one month after the base fertilizer is applied, a 10-20 cm shallow ditch is dug at the base fertilizer application ditch, and microbial agent is applied; (4) bud breaking fertilizer is applied before bud breaking in the second year; (5) fruit strengthening fertilizer is applied before the second expansion of the fruit; (6) fruit picking is performed, and then steps (1)-(5) are repeated; In step (2), the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: organic fertilizer 40-60 parts, filler 10-20 parts, balanced ternary compound fertilizer 0.3-0.6 parts, potassium sulfate 0.8-1.6 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1.5-3 parts, borax 0.1-0.2 parts, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.2 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.2 parts, and water retaining agent 0.5-1 part; In step (1), the leaf fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2 parts, persimmon peel pulp 25-50 parts, and water 250-350 parts; the spraying amount of the leaf fertilizer is 0.5-1 kg per plant each time; The preparation of the filler comprises the following steps: Firstly, the attapulgite and sodium hydroxide are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:0.4-0.6, and then treated at 790-800 DEG C for 0.5-4 h to obtain pre-modified attapulgite; Subsequently, the pre-modified attapulgite is placed in a modification liquid and treated at 90-95 DEG C for 10-30 min, and then centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain modified attapulgite; wherein the modification liquid is obtained by mixing concentrated ammonia water, hydrogen peroxide solution and water according to a volume ratio of 1:3:7; Finally, the modified attapulgite and kaolin are added to water according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5-2, and then treated at 25-35 DEG C for 0.5-4 h, and then centrifuged, washed and dried, and finally ground and sieved to 150-250 meshes to obtain the filler; The preparation of the water retaining agent comprises the following steps: (1) yam peel is beaten to pulp, and 0.1-0.5% of lactic acid bacteria is added, and then sealed and fermented at 25-35 DEG C and pH 6.5-7.0 for 30-40 h, and then filtered to obtain yam peel liquid; (2) chitosan and the yam peel liquid obtained in step (1) are mixed uniformly according to a solid-liquid ratio of 10 g:1-3 ml, and then reacted for 1-2 h, and then 1-6% of sodium citrate is added, and then reacted in a water bath at 60-70 DEG C for 10-15 h; (3) compressed and dried to obtain the water retaining agent.

2. The planting method for preventing flower return of Pyrus calleryana in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the base fertilizer is applied at an amount of 30-50 kg per plant; the fruit picking fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: organic water-soluble fertilizer 0.5-2 parts, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 0.5-2 parts, and water 300-500 parts; the fruit picking fertilizer is applied by dripping at an amount of 10-20 kg per plant.

3. The method for preventing flower return of Pyrus serotina according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation method of the persimmon peel pulp comprises the following steps: taking persimmon peel, beating, adding 0.01-0.06% sorbitol by weight of the persimmon peel, sealing fermentation at 25-35 DEG C for 6-9 months, and obtaining the persimmon peel pulp.

4. The method for preventing flower return of Pyrus serotina according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing organic fertilizer, balanced ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate, crushing and sieving to 50-100 meshes, then mixing with water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture; then, water is added to the mixture until granulation to form small particles, then filler is added to continue granulation, and finally drying treatment is performed to obtain the base fertilizer.

5. The method for preventing flower return of Pyrus serotina according to claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the microbial agent is obtained by mixing Azotobacter chroococcum, Streptomyces rubiginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens at a weight ratio of 5:1-3:1-3; the application amount of the microbial agent is 0.6-1 kg per plant.

6. The method for preventing flower return of Pyrus calleryana in claim 1, wherein, In step (4), the germination fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: balanced ternary compound fertilizer 0.25-0.5 parts, urea 0.2-0.4 parts; the application amount of the germination fertilizer is 0.4-1 kg per plant.

7. The method for preventing flower return of Pyrus serotina according to claim 1, wherein, In step (5), the fruit strengthening fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: potassium sulfate 0.2-0.4 parts, balanced ternary compound fertilizer 0.5-1 parts, lime 0.3-0.5 parts; the application amount of the fruit strengthening fertilizer is 1-2 kg per plant.

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