A millimeter-wave antenna based on virtual ground patch

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of millimeter-wave antenna technology. It discloses a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch. The substrate, from top to bottom along its thickness, comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a prepreg, and a third dielectric substrate. A virtual ground patch is disposed on the bottom of the first dielectric substrate on both sides of the radiating slot. Each virtual ground patch has a first metallized through-hole penetrating the bottom of the virtual ground patch and the top of the first dielectric substrate. A radiating patch is disposed on the top of each first metallized through-hole. Each antenna subarray's prepreg contains a substrate-integrated coaxial strip connected to the bottom surface of the second dielectric substrate. This invention increases the capacitance by increasing the area of ​​the virtual ground patch, bringing the reflection coefficient closer to direct electrical contact, thus improving antenna performance. The virtual ground patch technology can improve the stability and reliability of the antenna and significantly improve its electrical performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of millimeter-wave antenna technology, specifically relating to a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, especially 5G and the upcoming 6G communication systems, the demand for high-frequency spectrum (especially the millimeter-wave band) is constantly increasing. The millimeter-wave band has the advantages of large bandwidth and high data transmission rate, but it also brings many challenges in antenna design.

[0003] In millimeter-wave multilayer printed antenna design, metallized vias are frequently used to effectively enhance impedance matching. However, during assembly, air gaps often form between the substrates when they are screwed together, making it difficult to establish electrical contacts between the metallized vias and the feed layer. These gaps, typically ranging from 10 to 20 micrometers, are caused by substrate surface roughness and uneven assembly. These air gaps lead to reflection and attenuation of electromagnetic waves during transmission, resulting in a degraded antenna performance, specifically narrower bandwidth, reduced gain, and decreased efficiency.

[0004] In existing high-frequency millimeter-wave antenna designs, air gaps between substrates during assembly negatively impact antenna performance, leading to narrower bandwidth, reduced gain, and decreased efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to address the electrical contact issue while ensuring antenna performance.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114914683A, entitled "A High-Isolation Millimeter-Wave Dual-Polarized Array Element and Array Antenna," comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, and a fourth substrate, along with substrate components. The first substrate has four complementary magnetoelectric dipole array elements, and its edges are provided with several metal pillars arranged in a predetermined pattern. The second substrate has four cross-shaped high-order mode resonant cavities, and its edges are provided with several small holes arranged in a predetermined pattern. The third substrate has a third substrate dielectric integrated waveguide feed network. The fourth substrate has a fourth substrate dielectric integrated waveguide feed network, orthogonally arranged to the third substrate dielectric integrated waveguide feed network. An air gap exists between the metal pillars within the first substrate and the metal ground plane above the second substrate during actual assembly, which can adversely affect antenna performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch. Virtual ground patch technology, as part of the antenna design, can significantly reduce the impact of air gaps between substrates on antenna performance, ensure stable reflection coefficient performance, and reduce antenna design and manufacturing costs. It can reduce the design complexity of large-scale array antennas while ensuring that antenna performance is not degraded by air gaps, thus enabling the design and development of high-performance systems based on this antenna.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A millimeter-wave antenna based on virtual ground patches includes: a substrate, wherein a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a prepreg, and a third dielectric substrate are sequentially disposed from top to bottom in the thickness direction of the substrate; a first metal ground plate is disposed above the second dielectric substrate; a second metal ground plate is disposed below the third dielectric substrate; the substrate has a plurality of antenna subarrays in the horizontal direction, and a radiating slot is formed on the first metal ground plate of the antenna subarrays; a virtual ground patch is disposed on the bottom of the first dielectric substrate on both sides of the radiating slot; each virtual ground patch has a first metallized through hole penetrating the bottom of the virtual ground patch and the top of the first dielectric substrate; a radiating patch is disposed on the top of each first metallized through hole; and a substrate integrated coaxial strip connected to the bottom surface of the second dielectric substrate is disposed within the prepreg of each antenna subarray.

[0009] Optionally, the substrate has an extension plate extending outward in the horizontal direction. The second dielectric plate of the extension plate has a through hole penetrating the top and bottom surfaces of the second dielectric plate. A grounded coplanar waveguide is connected above the through hole, and a substrate integrated coaxial strip is connected below the through hole. The substrate integrated coaxial strip of the extension plate is connected to the substrate integrated coaxial strip of each antenna subarray.

[0010] Optionally, a detachable connector is installed at the end of the extension plate, and the detachable connector has a mounting groove that matches the extension plate.

[0011] Optionally, an air gap exists between the virtual floor patch and the first metal floor.

[0012] Optionally, the radiating patch is arc-shaped and has a circular end, the circular end having a through hole, and the radiating patch is connected to the top of the first metallized through hole through the circular end.

[0013] Optionally, the substrate has a second metallized through-hole and a third metallized through-hole that penetrate the top of the second dielectric plate and the bottom of the third dielectric plate; the third metallized through-hole is arranged along the outer sides of both ends of the radial slot, and the second metallized through-hole is arranged along the edge of the virtual ground patch.

[0014] Optionally, the diameter of the third metallized via is smaller than that of the second metallized via.

[0015] Optionally, the number of antenna subarrays on the substrate is four.

[0016] Optionally, the element spacing between the antenna subarrays is 0.66 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

[0017] Optionally, the antenna subarray spacing is 1.32 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention employs virtual ground patch technology to solve the problem of unstable reflection coefficient caused by the air gap between the radiating layer and the feed layer. By increasing the area of ​​the virtual ground patch, the capacitance is increased, bringing the reflection coefficient closer to that of direct electrical contact, thus improving antenna performance. Virtual ground patch technology can improve the stability and reliability of antennas, especially in millimeter-wave applications, significantly improving the antenna's electrical performance.

[0020] This invention employs metallized vias, a virtual ground patch, and a radiating patch, along with slot coupling technology for feeding. This enhances the electrical contact between the radiating layer and the feeding layer. By implementing a virtual ground patch on the bottom surface of the radiating layer, the adverse effects of air gaps between multiple dielectric layers are eliminated, achieving a stable reflection coefficient. This design maintains consistent electrical performance across varying gap distances. The virtual ground patch, through its capacitive effect with the metal ground, effectively mitigates the impact of air gap size fluctuations on the reflection coefficient. The virtual ground patch design optimizes the antenna's electrical performance, significantly reducing reflection coefficient fluctuations and achieving stable gain and radiation pattern characteristics over a wide bandwidth. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna unit based on virtual ground patch of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a side view of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna unit based on a virtual ground patch according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 This is an antenna element diagram of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna element based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of the feed layer of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna element based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the presence or absence of a virtual ground on the electric field distribution of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna element based on a virtual ground patch according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the effect of the air gap between the radiating layer and the feeding layer on the reflection coefficient when no virtual ground patch is used.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the effect of the air gap between the radiating layer and the feeding layer on the reflection coefficient when there is a virtual ground patch.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of the virtual ground size on the antenna reflection coefficient in the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna element based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 These are the simulation and measured results of the reflection coefficient of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 These are the simulation and measured results of the gain and axial ratio of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patches according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 The present invention presents the simulation and measured results of the xoz plane radiation pattern of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patch at a spacing of 29 GHz.

[0036] Figure 15 The simulation and measured results of the yoz plane radiation pattern of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patch at a spacing of 29 GHz are presented in this invention.

[0037] Figure 16The simulation and measured results of the xoz plane radiation pattern of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patch at a spacing of 33GHz are presented in this invention.

[0038] Figure 17 The present invention presents the simulation and measured results of the yoz plane radiation pattern of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patch at a spacing of 33 GHz.

[0039] Figure 18 The present invention presents the simulation and measured results of the xoz plane radiation pattern of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array based on virtual ground patch at a spacing of 38 GHz.

[0040] Figure 19 The present invention provides simulation and measurement results of the measured yoz plane radiation pattern of a millimeter-wave circularly polarized antenna array with a spacing of 38 GHz based on virtual ground patches.

[0041] Among them, 1. First metallized via; 2. First dielectric substrate; 3. Second dielectric substrate; 4. Prepreg; 5. Third dielectric substrate; 6. Radiation patch; 7. First metal ground plane; 8. Substrate integrated coaxial cable; 9. Second metal ground plane; 10. Virtual ground patch; 11. Second metallized via; 12. Third metallized via; 13. Radiation slot; 14. Air gap; 15. Antenna subarray; 16. Mounting hole; 17. Adapter via; 18. Detachable connector; 19. Grounding coplanar waveguide. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch 10 according to the present invention includes: a substrate, wherein the substrate has a first dielectric plate 2, a second dielectric plate 3, a prepreg 4 and a third dielectric plate 5 in the thickness direction.

[0047] The second medium plate 3 is disposed between the first medium plate 2 and the prepreg 4, with one side of the prepreg 4 facing the second medium plate 3 and the other side facing the third medium plate 5.

[0048] A first metal floor 7 is disposed above the second medium plate 3. A second metal floor 9 is disposed below the third medium plate 5.

[0049] The substrate includes a rectangular plate in the horizontal direction, with one side of the rectangular plate extending outward as an extension plate. The substrate has four antenna subarrays 15 arranged in a rectangular pattern; specifically, the antenna subarrays 15 are arranged in two rows and two columns at the four corner points of the rectangle.

[0050] Each antenna subarray 15 has a radiation slot 13 on its first metal ground plane 7. On both sides of the radiation slot 13, a virtual ground patch 10 is provided at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate 2. Each virtual ground patch 10 has a first metallized through hole 1 that penetrates the bottom of the virtual ground patch 10 and the top of the first dielectric substrate 2. Each first metallized through hole 1 has a radiation patch 6 at its top.

[0051] Optionally, the diameter of the first metallized through-hole 1 is 0.25 mm.

[0052] Specifically, there is an air gap 14 between the virtual floor patch 10 and the first metal floor 7.

[0053] The radiation patch 6 is arc-shaped and has a circular end. The circular end has a through hole. The radiation patch 6 is connected to the top of the first metallized through hole 1 through the circular end, and the first metallized through hole 1 is connected to the through hole at the circular end.

[0054] Each antenna subarray 15 has a prepreg 4 containing a substrate integrated coaxial stripline 8, which is connected to the bottom surface of the second dielectric substrate 3. The second dielectric substrate 3 of the extension plate has a through-hole 17 penetrating both its top and bottom surfaces. A grounded coplanar waveguide 19 is connected above the through-hole 17, and the substrate integrated coaxial stripline 8 is connected below it. The substrate integrated coaxial stripline 8 of the extension plate is connected to the substrate integrated coaxial stripline 8 of each antenna subarray 15.

[0055] The substrate has a second metallized through-hole 11 and a third metallized through-hole 12 that penetrate the top of the second dielectric plate 3 and the bottom of the third dielectric plate 5. The diameter of the third metallized through-hole 12 is smaller than that of the second metallized through-hole 11. The third metallized through-hole 12 is arranged along the outer sides of both ends of the radial slit 13, and the second metallized through-hole 11 is arranged along the edge of the virtual ground patch 10.

[0056] The second metallized through-hole 11 and the third metallized through-hole 12 are connected to the first metal floor 7 above and to the second metal floor 9 below, and pass through the prepreg 4.

[0057] The diameter of the second metallized via 11 is 0.3 mm, and the diameter of the third metallized via 12 is 0.2 mm. Specifically, each antenna subarray 15 is rectangular, and each antenna subarray 15 has a radiating slot 13 in the middle. Each antenna subarray 15 has eight virtual ground patches 10, eight first metallized vias 1, and eight radiating patches 6. The radiating patches 6 of each antenna subarray 15 are rotated counterclockwise according to right-hand circular polarization.

[0058] Optionally, the element spacing between the antenna subarrays 15 is 0.66 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

[0059] Optionally, the antenna subarray 15 has an array spacing of 1.32 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

[0060] A detachable connector 18 is installed at the end of the extension plate, and the detachable connector 18 has a mounting groove that matches the extension plate. Specifically, the detachable connector 18 includes a rectangular mounting plate with mounting holes, and a connecting block is connected to both ends of the rectangular plate. The mounting groove is located at the end of the connecting block.

[0061] Optionally, the mounting hole diameter of the detachable connector 18 is 2.92 mm.

[0062] The substrate has mounting holes 16 evenly distributed along its edge, which pass through the first dielectric plate 2, the second dielectric plate 3, the prepreg 4, and the third dielectric plate 5. The extension plate has two mounting holes 16 at its end, and the rectangular plate has one mounting hole 16 at each of its four corners. Two mounting holes 16 are formed between the two corner mounting holes 16 on the same side of the rectangular plate.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] This embodiment demonstrates a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch 10, applicable in the millimeter-wave band. The first dielectric substrate 2, the second dielectric substrate 3, and the third dielectric substrate 5 are all Rogers 5880 dielectric substrates with a relative permittivity of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and thicknesses of 1.575 mm, 0.127 mm, and 0.254 mm, respectively. The prepreg 4 is a Rogers 4450F prepreg with a relative permittivity of 3.54, a loss tangent of 0.004, and a thickness of 0.2 mm. Due to surface roughness, the air gap 14 between the dielectric substrates is 0.02 mm in this embodiment.

[0065] The radial patch 6 on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 2 is created by subtracting a smaller rotating ellipse from a larger ellipse. The larger ellipse has a major axis of 4.2 mm and a minor axis of 2.06 mm; the smaller ellipse has a major axis of 3.18 mm and a minor axis of 2.29 mm, with a rotation angle of 44 degrees. The virtual ground patch 10 on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 2 has a wide side of 2 mm and a narrow side of 1.5 mm, with the edge distance between the two virtual ground patches 10 being 0.56 mm. The radial patch 6 and the virtual ground patch 10 are connected by metal through-holes with a diameter of 0.25 mm and a through-hole spacing of 0.73 mm. A first metal ground plate 7 is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3, with a radial slot 13 etched in the center of the metal ground plate, having a long side of 3.28 mm and a short side of 0.18 mm. A substrate integrated coaxial strip is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3, with a strip width of 0.5 mm and a matching line at the front end of the strip with a length of 1.4 mm and a width of 0.41 mm. A second metal floor 9 is also printed below the second dielectric substrate 3. The first metal floor 7 and the second metal floor 9 are connected by metal through holes with diameters of 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm. The through holes penetrate the second dielectric substrate 3, the prepreg 4 and the third dielectric substrate 5, and the spacing between the metal through holes is 0.6 mm.

[0066] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a millimeter-wave antenna array based on a virtual ground patch 10, provided for implementation of the present invention. The array consists of four groups of antenna subarrays 15 with an element spacing of 0.66 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz, rotated in a counterclockwise order according to right-hand circular polarization.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the field distribution of a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch 10 applied in the millimeter-wave band according to the present invention, wherein... Figure 8 Figure a shows the electric field distribution without air gap 14. As can be seen from the figure, the electric field energy is effectively coupled to the component surface through the gap, indicating good impedance matching. Figure 8 Figure b shows the electric field distribution when there is an air gap 14 but no virtual ground patch 10. As can be seen from the figure, when the air gap 14 is present, the electric field is concentrated between the bottom of the 0.25mm diameter metallized via and the first metal ground plate 7, blocking coupling with the radiating patch 6. The air gap 14 forms a capacitor C between the bottom of the metal via and ground. The total input impedance Z when the antenna is connected in series with the capacitor is... in As shown below:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, Z ant jX represents the input impedance of the antenna when there is no gap. c Let C be the impedance of the capacitor. The capacitor C introduces an imaginary component, which worsens the impedance matching. Figure 8 Figure c shows the electric field distribution with air gap 14 and virtual ground patch 10. As can be seen from the figure, electric field energy is recoupled to the component surface through the gap. This patch and the first metal ground plane 7 form a capacitor plate. As shown in Equation 1, increasing C of the capacitor plate decreases Z. in The imaginary component of Z makes Z in Approaching Z ant This avoids the influence of air gap 14.

[0070] Figure 9 and Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulated reflection coefficient of a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch 10, applicable to the millimeter-wave band according to the present invention. Figure 9 The graph shows the reflection coefficient variation curve with the size of the air gap 14 when there is an air gap 14 but no virtual ground patch 10. As can be seen from the graph, when there is no virtual ground patch 10, the reflection coefficient deteriorates rapidly with the increase of the air gap 14. Figure 10 The figure shows the reflection coefficient variation curve with the size of the air gap 14 when there is an air gap 14 and a virtual ground patch 10. As can be seen from the figure, after adding the virtual ground patch 10, the reflection coefficient is highly consistent and well matched in the range of 0-30 micrometers, avoiding the influence of the air gap 14 on the reflection coefficient.

[0071] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulated reflection coefficient of a millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch 10 used in the millimeter-wave band according to the present invention. The diagram shows the reflection coefficient variation curve as the virtual ground patch 10 changes with its size, with an air gap 14 present. When studying the influence of the virtual ground patch 10 on the reflection coefficient, a 20μm air gap 14 was set. Increasing the size of the virtual ground patch 10 makes the reflection coefficient closer to that of direct electrical contact. Equations 1 and 2 show that the capacitance C is related to the area S and dielectric constant ε of the virtual ground patch 10. r It is directly proportional to the capacitance and inversely proportional to the distance d between the plates. As the capacitance increases, X... c Decrease, Z in Approaching Z ant The reflection coefficient is close to the curve of direct electrical contact.

[0072]

[0073] Figure 11 The mid-to-low frequency resonant point has a significant impact on the reflection coefficient, as shown in Equation 1, X c It is inversely proportional to frequency. Therefore, the capacitive reactance is smaller at low-frequency resonant points, leading to more noticeable fluctuations. To ensure sufficient current flows through the capacitor, X c It must be low enough. Therefore, we chose S = 3mm. 2 The design.

[0074] Figure 12 Simulated and measured reflection coefficient diagrams of a millimeter-wave antenna array based on a virtual ground patch 10 for the millimeter-wave band provided in this embodiment of the invention. The reflection coefficients of the simulated data and the measured data are highly consistent, indicating that the virtual ground patch 10 can effectively solve the problem of reflection coefficient degradation.

[0075] Figure 13 Simulated and measured gain and axial ratio plots of a millimeter-wave antenna array based on a virtual ground patch 10 for the millimeter-wave band provided in this embodiment of the invention. The slight decrease in measured gain is attributed to increased conductor loss caused by the rough copper surface, while the insertion loss of the detachable 2.92mm connector is not considered. The measured results show that the array has good radiation performance, further verifying the effectiveness of the virtual ground patch 10 in the millimeter-wave band.

[0076] Figures 14 to 19 Simulation and measured radiation patterns of a millimeter-wave antenna array based on a virtual ground patch 10 in the millimeter-wave band provided in this embodiment of the invention. As can be seen from the figures, the simulation data and measured data match well, demonstrating the excellent radiation performance of the array of this invention.

[0077] Unless otherwise specified, the equipment components involved in the above embodiments are all conventional equipment components, and the structural settings, working methods or control methods involved are all conventional settings, working methods or control methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch, characterized in that, include: A substrate, wherein a first dielectric plate (2), a second dielectric plate (3), a prepreg (4) and a third dielectric plate (5) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the thickness direction; a first metal ground plate (7) is arranged above the second dielectric plate (3); a second metal ground plate (9) is arranged below the third dielectric plate (5); the substrate has a plurality of antenna subarrays (15) in the horizontal direction, and a radiation slot (13) is provided on the first metal ground plate (7) of the antenna subarray (15), and a virtual ground patch (10) is provided on the bottom of the first dielectric plate (2) on both sides of the radiation slot (13), and each virtual ground patch (10) is provided with a first metallized through hole (1) penetrating the bottom of the virtual ground patch (10) and the top of the first dielectric plate (2); a radiation patch (6) is provided on the top of each first metallized through hole (1); a substrate integrated coaxial strip (8) connected to the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate (3) is provided in the prepreg (4) of each antenna subarray (15); the substrate The plate extends outward in the horizontal direction with an extension plate. The second dielectric plate (3) of the extension plate has a through hole (17) penetrating the top and bottom surfaces of the second dielectric plate (3). A ground coplanar waveguide (19) is connected above the through hole (17), and a substrate integrated coaxial stripline (8) is connected below the through hole (17). The substrate integrated coaxial stripline (8) of the extension plate is connected to the substrate integrated coaxial stripline (8) of each antenna subarray (15). The virtual ground patch (10) There is an air gap (14) between the substrate and the first metal floor (7); the substrate has a second metallized through hole (11) and a third metallized through hole (12) that penetrate the top of the second dielectric plate (3) and the bottom of the third dielectric plate (5); the third metallized through hole (12) is arranged along the outer sides of both ends of the radial gap (13), and the second metallized through hole (11) is arranged along the edge of the virtual ground patch (10); the diameter of the third metallized through hole (12) is smaller than that of the second metallized through hole (11).

2. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension plate is equipped with a detachable connector (18) at its end, and the detachable connector (18) has a mounting groove that matches the extension plate.

3. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation patch (6) is arc-shaped and has a circular end. The circular end has a through hole. The radiation patch (6) is connected to the top of the first metallized through hole (1) through the circular end.

4. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of antenna subarrays (15) on the substrate is four.

5. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the elements of the antenna subarray (15) is 0.66 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

6. A millimeter-wave antenna based on a virtual ground patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array spacing between the antenna subarrays (15) is 1.32 wavelengths in free space at 33 GHz.

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