A seedling raising method for early rice and double-cropping rice

Abstract

The application discloses a seedling raising method for early rice and regenerative rice and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The technical points of the application comprise the following steps: S1, seed soaking and germination, through seed disinfection by sunning, seed soaking disinfection and seed soaking, the pretreatment before sowing is completed; S2, sowing, through ridge forming, tray arranging, sizing and sowing, the sowing treatment is completed; S3, seedling compartment disinfection, after sowing, before film covering, one-time spraying disinfection is carried out; S4, film covering, a bamboo arch is inserted around the seedling tray, and the film is covered on the bamboo arch; S5, drainage, the compartment ditch and the surrounding ditch are dredged, the clear water in the ditch is drained, and the moisture in the seedling compartment is drained. The application selects "cold tail and warm head" when the low-arch film is concentrated in the field, adopts direct sowing of the bright chest valley, creates good water, fertilizer, air and heat conditions, promotes uniform emergence, is convenient to operate, is a seedling raising method with the advantages of labor saving, easy operation, good safety and high uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method and application for raising seedlings of early rice and ratooning rice. Background Technology

[0002] The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are suitable for planting double-cropping rice and ratooning rice. During early sowing, low temperatures make the seedling stage susceptible to damage from late spring frosts, leading to seedling rot. To improve seedling survival rate and advance the maturity of early and ratooning rice, factory-style seedling raising or low-arch film seedling raising in open fields are commonly used. Factory-style seedling raising is limited by construction conditions and higher costs, resulting in a smaller market share. Low-arch film seedling raising in open fields, due to its low cost and ease of operation, has become the mainstream method adopted by many growers. In centralized low-arch film seedling raising in open fields, a method of high-temperature germination is often used, where seeds with fully absorbed water are covered with husks to promote seed emergence and root and bud growth before sowing. Its advantages include rapid emergence and ease of production control. However, it also has drawbacks such as cumbersome operation, susceptibility to husk burn, poor safety, poor uniformity in large-scale germination leading to inconsistent emergence rates, easily broken roots and buds, many dead grains, and low seedling survival rate. Some products use "germination buckets," which eliminate the risk of "bud burn," but the buckets are small and the production volume is limited, making them unsuitable for large-scale production. Furthermore, the germination is inconsistent, prone to malfunctions, and has a higher production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for raising seedlings of early rice and ratooning rice, aiming to solve a series of problems such as the cumbersome and unsafe germination process of existing low-arch film seedling raising in open fields, poor consistency under large-scale production conditions, easy breakage of roots and buds during sowing, and slow germination of seeds leading to the formation of dumb grains.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a method for raising seedlings of early rice and ratooning rice, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Seed soaking and germination: Pre-treatment before sowing is completed through sun-drying disinfection, seed soaking disinfection, and seed soaking.

[0006] S101. Sun-drying and disinfecting seeds: Sun-dry the seeds for 1-2 days before soaking to sterilize them with ultraviolet rays from the sun, while reducing the moisture content of the seeds and making the moisture content uniform, thereby increasing the water absorption rate during soaking and improving uniformity. After sun-drying, allow the seeds to absorb moisture automatically for 3-5 days.

[0007] S102. Seed disinfection: After absorbing moisture, soak the seeds in clean water for 6 hours, and then soak them in disinfectant solution for 10-12 hours.

[0008] S103. After disinfection and cleaning, soak the seeds for 6-8 hours and expose them to the sun for 3-4 hours, repeating this process 2-3 times until the seeds are shiny.

[0009] S2. Sowing: The sowing process is completed through ridge preparation, tray placement, slurry application, and sowing.

[0010] S201, ridge preparation: Prepare the seedbed 4-5 days before sowing;

[0011] S202, tray placement: One day before sowing, place two trays for transplanting or machine transplanting horizontally in the middle of the seedbed and compact them. Apply seedling strengthening agent to the ditch mud and mix it evenly.

[0012] S203, slurry application: before sowing, scoop the ditch mud into the seedling tray and level it;

[0013] S204. Sowing: Sow the seeds into the seedling trays, and select different densities and sowing amounts according to different methods of machine transplanting and direct seeding;

[0014] S3. Disinfect the seedbed by spraying disinfectant once after sowing and before covering with film.

[0015] S4. Cover with film: Insert the bamboo arch 3-5cm away from the seedling tray and cover the bamboo arch with the film.

[0016] S5. Drainage: Clear the ditches and perimeter ditches, drain the water from the ditches, and drain the water from the seedbeds.

[0017] Preferably, in step S102, the disinfectant is a 1500-2000 times dilution of prochloraz solution or a 400-500 times dilution of strong chlorpyrifos solution; in step S3, the spraying disinfectant is a 1500 times dilution of prochloraz solution or a 1500 times dilution of pyraclostrobin solution.

[0018] Preferably, in step S202, the application rate of the seedling strengthening agent is 9-12 kg / hm. 2 .

[0019] Preferably, in step S204, the sowing time should be selected during the period from the end of a cold spell to the beginning of a warm spell.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this solution are:

[0021] This invention utilizes a low-arch film mulch system for centralized seedling raising in open fields, selecting a "cold tail and warm head" weather pattern. It directly sows bright-breasted millet seeds that have absorbed sufficient water. Under sunny conditions, the low-arch film mulch system creates uniform water, fertilizer, air, and heat conditions suitable for seed emergence and growth, promoting uniform seedling emergence. It is easy to operate and eliminates the "bud burning" problem during germination. This is a labor-saving, easy-to-operate, safe, and highly uniform seedling raising method. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0024] This invention addresses the problem of farmers finding it inconvenient to maintain warmth during germination or fearing excessively high temperatures during germination that could cause "bud burn." It directly sows bright-breasted seeds that have undergone seed disinfection and absorbed sufficient water into prepared seedbeds. The following are the seedling raising methods for early rice and ratooning rice according to this invention:

[0025] I. Methods of soaking and germinating seeds

[0026] 1. Sun-drying and disinfecting seeds. Before soaking, sun-dry the seeds for 1-2 days. This allows the ultraviolet rays of sunlight to sterilize the seeds, reduce their moisture content, and ensure even moisture distribution, thus increasing the water absorption rate and uniformity during soaking. After sun-drying, allow the seeds to absorb moisture naturally for 3-5 days before soaking to prevent rapid water absorption that could cause the seed coat to crack and increase the chance of bacterial infection.

[0027] 2. Seed soaking disinfection. Soak seeds in a 1500-2000 times diluted solution of prochloraz for 10-12 hours. The concentration is calculated based on the pure product. For example, if the prochloraz content is 25%, the dilution ratio is 400-500 times. 100ml of solution is used to soak 30-40kg of dry seeds in 40-50kg of water. Do not stir the seeds during disinfection to avoid breaking the surface film and affecting the effect.

[0028] If using strong chlorine disinfectant, the dry seeds must be soaked for 5-6 hours before disinfection. The disinfectant concentration should be 1:400-500. After disinfection for 10-12 hours, the seeds should be thoroughly rinsed.

[0029] 3. Seed soaking. After disinfection and cleaning, soak the seeds for 6-8 hours and then expose them to the sun for 3-4 hours. Repeat this soaking process 2-3 times until the seeds are shiny. Once the seeds are shiny, drain them to keep them moist and ready for sowing.

[0030] II. Sowing Methods

[0031] 1. Ridge preparation. 4-5 days before sowing, prepare the seedbed. After the soil in the field is leveled and the base fertilizer is applied, make 2-meter wide ridges, with the ridges 1.6m wide and the furrows 40cm wide.

[0032] 2. Tray Placement. One day before sowing, place two horizontal rows of transplanting or machine-transplanting trays in the middle of the seedbed and compact them. Apply 9-12 kg / hm² of seedling-strengthening agent to the furrow mud. 2 Mix well.

[0033] 3. Applying mud. Before sowing, scoop mud from the furrow into the seedling tray and level it. The mud should not be too thin; it should be just enough so that some of the grains can be absorbed into the mud when they fall.

[0034] 4. Sowing. Sowing time should ideally be chosen at the end of a cold spell followed by a warm spell, ideally with 2-3 sunny days after sowing. Sowing density should be 375 trays / hm² for machine transplanting. 2 900 trays / hm 2 The seed rate is 90-105 kg / hm for conventional rice. 2 Hybrid rice 45-50 kg / hm 2 Sowing density. After machine transplanting, the seedbed is flattened and covered with coarse husk ash or fine substrate soil; for seed-throwing trays, the seeds are swept into the soil with a broom, and no mud remains on the surface of the tray to prevent root cross-contamination.

[0035] 5. Disinfect the seedbed. After sowing and before covering with film, spray once with a 1500-fold dilution of prochloraz or pyraclostrobin solution for disinfection.

[0036] 6. Cover with film. When inserting the bamboo arch, it should be 3-5cm away from the edge of the seedling tray to prevent the seedlings from sticking to the film and causing frost damage or scorching. Therefore, the length of the bamboo arch should be between 2.2-2.3m, and the width of the film is best chosen to be 2.2m. After covering with film, press the film down 10-15cm on each side.

[0037] 7. Drainage. After sowing, clear the furrows and surrounding ditches, drain the water from the furrows, and drain the water from the seedbeds.

[0038] III. Operation Examples

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Implementation Location: Dananhu Community, Yanwanghu Town, Hanshou County

[0041] Rice varieties and scale: Zhongjiazao 17, early rice seedling field 2.5 hm² 2

[0042] Implementation Plan: Seeds were sun-dried on March 5, 2024, taking advantage of a sunny day. On the morning of March 12, 2024, seeds were disinfected by soaking in a 1500-fold diluted prochloraz solution for 10 hours; after being exposed to sunlight for 4 hours, they were soaked for another 10 hours, then exposed to sunlight for another 6 hours, and finally soaked for another 8 hours. After the seeds were bright red, they were spread out for 35-40 hours due to bad weather. Sowing was carried out on March 16, using direct seeding, with a seed rate of 105 kg / hm². 2 900 seedling trays / hm 2 Apply seedling strengthening agent at 10.5 kg / hm² before sowing. 2After five consecutive sunny days following sowing, the seedlings sprouted uniformly on the third day (over 80% sprouted), with strong and uniform buds, resulting in a seedling survival rate as high as 85.0%. When transplanting began on April 21, the seedlings had 4.5 leaves, were 20cm tall, and were uniform, short, and sturdy.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Implementation Location: Wangshou Village, Xihu Management District

[0045] Rice varieties and scale: Zhongjiazao 32, early rice seedling field 1.2 hm² 2

[0046] Implementation Plan: On March 12, 2024, at 8:00 AM, seeds were disinfected by soaking in a 1500-fold dilution of imazalil solution for 11 hours; after being exposed to sunlight for 4 hours, they were soaked for 9 hours, then exposed to sunlight for another 5 hours, and then soaked for 8 hours. After the seeds were fully exposed to sunlight, they were spread out for 36 hours due to inclement weather. Sowing was carried out on March 16th using machine-transplanted seedlings, with a seed rate of 90 kg / hm². 2 840 seedling trays / hm 2 Apply seedling growth promoter at a rate of 9 kg / hm² before sowing. 2 After sowing, there were five consecutive sunny days, and the seedlings sprouted uniformly on the third day. The sprouts were uniform and strong, and the seedling survival rate was as high as 83.5%. When transplanting began on April 22, the seedlings had 4.2 leaves, were 18cm tall, and were uniform, short and sturdy.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Implementation Location: Huayuan Village, Huangshi Town, Taoyuan County

[0049] Rice varieties and scale: Early rice planting area 10 hm² 2 The rice variety is Zhongzao 39.

[0050] Implementation plan: On March 11, 2024, at 9:00 AM, seeds were disinfected by soaking in a 1500-fold dilution of imazalil solution for 12 hours; after being exposed to sunlight for 4 hours, they were soaked for 8 hours, then exposed to sunlight for another 6 hours, and then soaked for 8 hours. After the seeds were exposed to sunlight, they were preheated with 45℃ warm water for 10 minutes, and then placed in a greenhouse for germination. On March 14, at noon, it was discovered that the seeds had "burrowing," and 750 kg of seeds were wasted.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] Implementation Location: Huayuan Village, Huangshi Town, Taoyuan County

[0053] Rice varieties and scale: Early rice seedling field area 0.5 hm² 2 The rice variety is Zhuliangyou 120.

[0054] Implementation Plan: This household sought technical support due to "early rice seed bud burn" and thus entered into this research project. On the morning of March 15, 2024, seeds were disinfected by soaking in a 1500-fold diluted prochloraz solution for 12 hours; after being exposed to sunlight for 4 hours, they were soaked for 8 hours, then exposed to sunlight for another 6 hours, and then soaked for 8 hours. After the seeds were exposed to sunlight, they were spread out for 12 hours. Sowing was carried out on March 18, using machine transplanting. Seed rate: 45 kg / hm² 2 375 seedling trays / hm 2 Apply seedling growth promoter at a rate of 12 kg / hm² before sowing. 2 After sowing, the soil was covered with substrate, sprayed with prochloraz disinfectant, and then covered with plastic film. Three consecutive sunny days followed sowing, and the seedlings sprouted uniformly on the third day, with a seedling survival rate of 85.3%. At the time of transplanting on April 24th, the seedlings had 4.3 leaves, were 20cm tall, had dark green leaves, many white roots, and were robust and uniform in size.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] Implementation location: Liaoziping Village, Ludishan Township, Wuling District

[0057] Rice variety and scale: Ratoon rice, variety Taoyuan Xiangsimiao, seedbed 0.8 hm² 2

[0058] Implementation Plan: On the morning of March 16, 2024, 2160 kg of seeds were soaked in a 1500-fold dilution of prochloraz solution. Disinfection was carried out for 10 hours; after 5 hours of exposure, the seeds were soaked for 8 hours, then exposed for another 6 hours before soaking for another 8 hours. After the seeds were exposed to light, they were spread out to dry for 15 hours. Sowing and machine transplanting were carried out on March 19. Seed usage was 45 kg / hm². 2 375 seedling trays / hm 2 Apply seedling growth promoter at a rate of 12 kg / hm² before sowing. 2 After sowing, the soil was covered with substrate, sprayed with prochloraz disinfectant, and then covered with plastic film. Two consecutive sunny days followed sowing, and the seedlings germinated uniformly on the fourth day, with a seedling survival rate of 81.5%. Transplanting began on April 22nd. The seedlings had 4.0 leaves, were 17cm tall, with dark green leaves, and were robust and uniform in size.

[0059] IV. Related Experiments

[0060] Experiment 1

[0061] 1. Experimental Objective

[0062] The sowing period for early rice and ratooning rice in centralized seedling raising is limited by the 30-day seedling age and the need to prevent cold damage from the late spring frost in mid-April. Generally, the sowing time for sprouted rice is between March 15th and 25th. Bright chestnut rice, because it still has a germination process, needs to be sown earlier. Too early or too late is not suitable; choosing the right sowing time is crucial.

[0063] 2. Test site

[0064] Dananhu Community, Yanwanghu Town, Hanshou County.

[0065] 3. Test time

[0066] The experiment was conducted during the early rice production season, from 2022 to 2024.

[0067] 4. Test area

[0068] Test area 1hm 2 .

[0069] 5. Test Results

[0070] Zhongjiazao 17 has a relatively long growing season but high yield. To complement late-maturing, high-quality rice varieties and achieve increased production and income throughout the year, it is necessary to implement centralized seedling raising with mulch covering for early rice and to advance the sowing period. In 2022, "Bright Chest Valley" seedlings were sown after absorbing sufficient water. However, due to four consecutive rainy days after sowing on March 12, the seedlings did not germinate until March 22. Compared with other seedlings sown at the same time, the serration stage was 7 days later. However, the final seedling survival rate reached 82%, exceeding the serration stage by 11 percentage points. On March 13, 2023, the weather began to clear up. After sowing "Bright Chest Valley" seedlings, there were five consecutive sunny days. The seedlings germinated 3 days after sowing. The serration stage was only 4 days later than that of seedlings sown at the same time. The uniformity was even higher, and the seedling survival rate was over 80%, exceeding that of seedlings sown at the same time by 10 percentage points. On March 16, 2024, the seedlings were sown. After sowing, there were five consecutive sunny days. The seedlings germinated 3 days later. The germination was uniform and strong, and the seedling survival rate was as high as 85.0%, which was 14 percentage points higher than that of seedlings sown at the same time. The seedlings grew more uniformly and were of better quality.

[0071] Table 1. Comparison of seedling quality between bright chestnut and sprouted millet (surveyed on April 21, 2024)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] 6. Experimental Conclusions

[0075] Well-watered millet needs the relatively high temperature created inside the low-lying plastic film on a sunny day to promote germination, which is beneficial for the elongation and growth of roots and shoots. Therefore, choosing a "cold tail and warm head" weather slightly earlier than sowing the sprouted millet is more suitable.

[0076] Experiment 2

[0077] 1. Experimental Objective

[0078] To save production costs, farmers often save a lot of conventional rice seeds for early rice cultivation. It's common for seeds to become damp during storage, and for seeds from the same batch to have varying moisture content. These seeds absorb water slowly, and the differences in moisture content between individual seeds cause inconsistencies in water absorption, highlighting the impact of sun-drying versus not sun-drying.

[0079] 2. Test site

[0080] Dananhu Community, Yanwanghu Town, Hanshou County.

[0081] 3. Test time

[0082] The experiment was conducted during the early rice production season, from March 5 to March 19, 2024.

[0083] 4. Test methods

[0084] Before sun-drying the seeds on March 5th, 300g each of seeds from the upper, middle, and lower positions were taken from the seed storage room; after sun-drying, two parallel samples of 300g each were taken. Moisture content was measured. On March 12th, the seeds were soaked, and 200 seeds from each treatment were taken from the testing room and their germination potential (3 days) and germination rate (7 days) were measured in a light incubator.

[0085] 5. Test Results

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] 6. Experimental Conclusions

[0089] The higher the seed moisture content, the lower the water absorption rate and the lower the germination potential. Although seed quality is the main factor determining germination rate, seeds with high germination potential ultimately have a higher germination rate, and this advantage will be more pronounced in large-scale production. Therefore, sun-drying seeds before sowing and allowing them to absorb moisture naturally for 3-5 days not only kills pathogens through ultraviolet rays from sunlight but also improves germination potential and seedling survival rate.

[0090] Experiment 3

[0091] 1. Experimental Objective

[0092] Compare the differences in seedling development between germinated millet and millet seedlings that have absorbed sufficient water.

[0093] 2. Test site

[0094] Dananhu Community, Yanwanghu Town, Hanshou County; Ludishan Township, Wuling District; Xihu Management Area

[0095] 3. Test time

[0096] From March 5 to April 28, 2024.

[0097] 4. Test methods

[0098] Around three large-scale early-season field seedling raising households using low-arch film mulch, we selected farmers with the same seed varieties, sowing dates, seedling raising methods, and normal seed germination rates to investigate their seedling survival rates, transplanting times, and seedling quality.

[0099]

[0100] 5. Experimental Conclusions

[0101] A survey of the seedling raising effects of the same variety and sowing period of germinated barley and bright chestnut barley in the local area showed that:

[0102] ①The growth period of sown bright chestnut is 3-4 days later than that of sown sprouted millet. Therefore, it is advisable to choose the "cold tail and warm head" weather to sow 3-5 days earlier.

[0103] ②The seedling survival rate of seedlings sown with bright chestnuts is 11.9-17.5 percentage points higher than that of seedlings sown with sprouted millet;

[0104] ③ The seedlings treated with bright chestnut rice were shorter and stronger than those treated with sprouted rice;

[0105] ④ The seedlings grown from bright chestnuts were more uniform than those grown from sprouted grains.

[0106] The above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A seedling raising method for early rice and rices of the second crop, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Seed soaking and germination: Pre-treatment before sowing is completed through sun-drying disinfection, seed soaking disinfection, and seed soaking. S101. Sun-drying and disinfecting seeds: Sun-dry the seeds for 1-2 days before soaking to sterilize them with ultraviolet rays from the sun, while reducing the moisture content of the seeds and making the moisture content uniform, thereby increasing the water absorption rate during soaking and improving uniformity. After sun-drying, allow the seeds to absorb moisture automatically for 3-5 days. S102. Seed soaking and disinfection: After the seeds have absorbed moisture, soak them in clean water for 6 hours and then soak them in disinfectant solution for 10-12 hours. S103. After soaking and disinfecting the seeds, soak them for 6-8 hours and then expose them to the sun for 3-4 hours, repeating this process 2-3 times until the seeds are shiny. S2. Sowing: The sowing process is completed through ridging, tray placement, slurry application, and sowing. S201, ridge preparation: Prepare the seedbed 4-5 days before sowing; S202, tray placement: One day before sowing, place two trays for transplanting or machine transplanting horizontally in the middle of the seedbed and compact them. Apply seedling strengthening agent to the ditch mud and mix it evenly. S203, slurry application: before sowing, sludge from the ditch is scooped into the seedling trays; S204. Sowing: Place the seeds in the seedling tray and select different densities and sowing amounts according to different methods of machine transplanting and direct seeding. S3. Disinfect the seedbed: After sowing and before covering with film, spray with 1500 times dilution of prochloraz or pyraclostrobin for disinfection. S4. Cover with film: Insert the bamboo arch 3-5cm away from the seedling tray and cover the bamboo arch with the film. S5. Drainage: Clear the ditches and perimeter ditches, drain the water in the ditches, and drain the water in the seedbeds. In step S202, the application rate of the seedling strengthening agent is 9-12 kg / hm. 2 ; In step S204, the sowing time is selected during the period from the end of a cold spell to the beginning of a warm spell.

2. The early rice and rices of the same generation seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S102, the disinfectant is a 1500-2000 times diluted solution of imazalil or a 400-500 times diluted solution of strong chlorine.

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