An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling, relating to the field of oil drilling equipment technology. The invention incorporates a pulse control terminal, an axial rotary valve, a pressure sensor, and a load detection sensor assembly within the drill collar. The axial rotary valve is equipped with an adjustment mechanism and an adjustment drive mechanism to regulate the flow area of ​​the fluid outlet channel. Based on the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid collected by the pressure sensor and load detection sensor assembly, and the load data from the pulse generator, the pulse control terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel, thereby changing the amplitude of the pulse wave. This invention monitors the load at the drill bit position and the pressure changes of the injected drilling fluid, dynamically adapting to different load conditions and drilling fluid pressures. It exhibits good adaptability, improves the quality of pulse wave formation, and thus enhances the quality of information transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil drilling equipment technology, particularly to the field of pulse generator technology for oil drilling, and more specifically to an adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling. Background Technology

[0002] A drilling fluid pulse generator is a device primarily used to generate hydraulic pulses during the drilling process. These pulses can provide information about the underground drilling conditions, helping operators better understand and control the drilling process. By changing the drilling fluid pressure through a pulse generator on the drill bit side, the pressure is made to produce pulse changes. Based on the type of pulse wave, it can be divided into positive pulse transmission generators, negative pulse transmission generators, and continuous wave pulse generators.

[0003] For continuous wave transmission systems, pressure fluctuations in the drilling mud are generated by opening and closing an axial rotary valve on the downhole drill collar. The modulated mud pressure signal is detected on the surface and decoded to obtain downhole data. In actual use, due to changes in drilling depth, borehole fluid density, and borehole fluid pressure, the generated continuous wave pulses are unstable and may even decay rapidly.

[0004] Existing continuous wave pulse generators lack the ability to automatically adjust according to pressure, have poor adaptability, and are prone to mud blockage, leading to rotor jamming accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides an adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling. The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of signal instability in the pulse generator under different load conditions and borehole fluid pressures. This invention incorporates a pulse control terminal, an axial rotary valve, a pressure sensor, and a load detection sensor assembly within the drill collar. The axial rotary valve is equipped with an adjustment mechanism and an adjustment drive mechanism to regulate the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. Based on the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the borehole fluid collected by the pressure sensor and load detection sensor assembly, and the load data of the pulse generator, the pulse control terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel, thereby changing the amplitude of the pulse wave. This invention utilizes the pressure sensor and load detection sensor assembly to monitor the load condition of the drill bit position and the pressure changes of the injected borehole fluid, dynamically adapting to different load conditions and borehole fluid pressures. This results in better adaptability, improved pulse wave formation quality, and ultimately, improved information transmission quality.

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0007] This invention provides an adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling, comprising a drill collar, an axial rotary valve mounted inside the drill collar, and a rotating mechanism connected to the axial rotary valve, the rotating mechanism driving the axial rotary valve to open and close. The drill collar also includes a pulse control terminal, a pressure sensor, and a load detection sensor. The axial rotary valve is equipped with an adjustment mechanism and an adjustment drive mechanism for adjusting the flow area of ​​the fluid outlet channel. The adjustment drive mechanism drives the adjustment mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the fluid outlet channel of the axial rotary valve. The pressure sensor, load detection sensor assembly, rotating mechanism, and adjustment drive mechanism are all controlled and connected to the pulse control terminal. The pulse control terminal monitors the load data of the pulse generator downhole through the load detection sensor assembly. The load data includes any one or more combinations of torque load data of the rotating mechanism, depth data of the pulse generator, and temperature data at the location of the pulse generator. The pulse control terminal monitors the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid, i.e., the amplitude data of the pulse wave, through the pressure sensor. The pulse control terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the fluid outlet channel of the axial rotary valve based on the received load data and pulse wave amplitude data.

[0008] In operation, the adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling of this invention activates a rotating mechanism via a pulse control terminal. This mechanism drives an axial rotary valve to open and close periodically, causing drilling fluid to flow periodically through the valve's outlet channel. This periodically changes the drilling fluid pressure, generating pulse waves. Data detected by various drilling probes is converted into mechanical pulse waves. Surface detection devices then interpret these pulse waves to obtain various drilling data. During this process, the pulse control terminal monitors the downhole load data of the pulse generator using a load detection sensor assembly. This load data includes any one or more combinations of the torque load data of the rotating mechanism, the depth data of the pulse generator, and the temperature data at the pulse generator's location. Based on the received load data and pulse pressure change data, the pulse control terminal controls and adjusts the drive mechanism's operation to regulate the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel.

[0009] More preferably, the load detection sensor assembly includes a torque sensor, which is used to detect the torque load of the rotating mechanism; the pulse control terminal compares the torque load of the rotating mechanism detected by the torque sensor with a set torque threshold range, and controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel according to the comparison result.

[0010] When the load data is torque load data:

[0011] When the torque load of the rotating mechanism is detected to be outside the set torque threshold range, if it is higher than the set torque threshold range, it indicates that the load on the axial rotary valve is large. The pulse control terminal controls the regulating drive mechanism to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, increasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. If it is lower than the set torque threshold range, it indicates that the load on the axial rotary valve is small. The pulse control terminal controls the regulating drive mechanism to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, decreasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. When the torque load of the rotating mechanism is detected to be within the set torque threshold range, the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid is monitored to see if it is within the set pressure threshold range. If it is higher than the set pressure threshold range, the pulse control terminal controls the regulating drive mechanism to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, decreasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. If it is lower than the set pressure threshold range, the pulse control terminal controls the regulating drive mechanism to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, increasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel.

[0012] More preferably, the load detection sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor, which is used to detect the formation temperature where the pulse generator is located. The pulse control terminal calculates the borehole depth at the location of the pulse generator based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor. The pulse control terminal compares the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured at the monitored borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave at the corresponding borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure. Based on the comparison result, the terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel.

[0013] More preferably, the load detection sensor assembly includes a grating encoder, which is mounted on the drill collar to detect the displacement of the drill collar. The pulse control terminal calculates the drilling depth by converting the drill bit displacement data detected by the grating encoder. The pulse control terminal compares the monitored drilling depth and the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured under the drilling fluid pressure with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave under the drilling fluid pressure corresponding to the corresponding drilling depth. Based on the comparison result, the terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel.

[0014] When the load data is temperature data, it must ultimately be converted into borehole depth data. The pulse control terminal converts the borehole depth based on the downhole temperature (the formation temperature varies at different well depths; based on a pre-statistical correlation between formation temperature and depth, the temperature data is converted into depth data). When the load data is depth data, this depth data can be obtained through methods such as using proximity switches on surface equipment (e.g., crane proximity switches, winch photoelectric encoders), or by measuring drill collar displacement using an optical encoder and processing the data to obtain the borehole depth.

[0015] The pulse control terminal compares the monitored borehole depth (obtained through temperature and / or depth data from the load detection sensor assembly) and the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured at that borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure (i.e., pulse pressure change data measured by the pressure sensor) with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave at the corresponding borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure. When the actual pulse wave amplitude is less than the set amplitude threshold, i.e., the amplitude is too small, it is not conducive to the collection and translation of pulse signals by the ground detection device, affecting the signal transmission quality. At this time, the pulse control terminal starts the adjustment drive mechanism, which drives the adjustment mechanism to increase the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the borehole fluid on the axial rotary valve, thereby increasing the amount of borehole fluid flowing out of the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve in one cycle, and thus increasing the pulse amplitude until the pressure sensor detects that the pulse wave amplitude is within the set amplitude threshold range. Then, the pulse control terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to stop operating. In addition, when the amplitude of the pulse wave exceeds the set amplitude threshold, the pulse control terminal controls the adjustment drive mechanism to reduce the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the drilling fluid on the axial rotary valve, thereby reducing the amount of drilling fluid flowing out of the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve in one cycle and thus reducing the pulse amplitude; or, the operator can reduce the pressurization power of the drilling fluid circulation equipment to save energy.

[0016] It should be noted that the amplitude threshold of the pulse wave is a range value, and the specific value can be obtained through repeated tests under different drilling depths and different drilling fluid pressures.

[0017] More preferably, the axial rotary valve includes a fixed valve cylinder, which is fixedly connected inside the drill collar; a rotary valve cylinder is nested inside the inner wall of the fixed valve cylinder and rotatably connected thereto; the rotary mechanism is connected to the rotary valve cylinder and drives the rotary valve cylinder to rotate relative to the fixed valve cylinder; an outlet liquid hole is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed valve cylinder, and an inner outlet liquid hole that cooperates with the outlet liquid hole is provided on the circumferential side wall of the rotary valve cylinder.

[0018] More preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes an outer adjusting block and a fixed lifting plate. The outer adjusting block is nested inside the outlet liquid hole to change the flow area of ​​the outlet liquid hole. An outer connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer adjusting block. The outer connecting rod extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate. The adjusting drive mechanism is connected to the fixed lifting plate and drives the fixed lifting plate to rise and fall.

[0019] More preferably, the fixed valve cylinder is provided with an outer sliding groove for accommodating the outer adjusting block at the lower part of the outlet liquid hole, and the lower part of the outer adjusting block is always nested in the outer sliding groove during the up and down sliding process of the outer adjusting block.

[0020] More preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes an inner adjustment block and a rotating lifting plate. The inner adjustment block is nested inside the inner liquid outlet hole to change the flow area of ​​the inner liquid outlet hole, and the lower end of the inner adjustment block is connected to the rotating lifting plate.

[0021] More preferably, the rotary valve cylinder is a cylindrical structure with an open top, and an inner sliding groove is provided in the lower part of the rotary valve cylinder at the inner liquid outlet. The inner adjusting block is nested in the inner sliding groove, and the lower part of the inner sliding groove is connected to a movable cavity for accommodating the rotary lifting plate.

[0022] More preferably, the lower part of the rotating lifting plate is engaged with an inner connecting rod that is rotatably connected to it, and the inner connecting rod extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate.

[0023] More preferably, the bottom of the rotating lifting plate is provided with an annular groove, the cross-section of the annular groove is T-shaped, and the upper end of the inner connecting rod is provided with a T-connector that is adapted to the annular groove.

[0024] More preferably, the rotating valve cylinder has a through hole for the inner connecting rod to pass through, and the fixed valve cylinder has a through groove for the inner connecting rod to pass through and communicating with the through hole.

[0025] More preferably, the adjustment drive mechanism is a lead screw module, including a lead screw threadedly connected to the fixed lifting plate and a lead screw motor connected to the lead screw. Alternatively, the adjustment drive mechanism is a hydraulic lifting rod.

[0026] More preferably, a protective cover is fixedly connected to the outside of the adjustment drive mechanism, the protective cover is threadedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder, and a reinforcing support plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the protective cover, the reinforcing support plate being fixed to the inner wall of the drill collar.

[0027] More preferably, the fixed valve cylinder includes an integrally formed annular portion and a cylindrical portion. The annular portion is fixed to the inner wall of the drill collar, and the cylindrical portion is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical portion, with the cylindrical portion and the annular portion being concentric. The rotating valve cylinder is assembled inside the cylindrical portion, and the liquid outlet hole is opened on the side wall of the cylindrical portion.

[0028] More preferably, the annular portion has buffer holes that are equidistantly distributed around the circumference.

[0029] More preferably, a dynamic liquid outlet cylinder is installed inside the buffer hole. The dynamic liquid outlet cylinder includes a drain cylinder that is fixedly connected to the annular part of the fixed valve cylinder. A drain port is opened on the circumferential side wall of the drain cylinder. A movable disc is nested inside the drain cylinder, and a spring telescopic rod is connected to the bottom of the movable disc.

[0030] More preferably, the drain cylinder is a vertical cylinder with an open top, and the height of the drain outlet is lower than the height of the outflow hole.

[0031] More preferably, a protective sleeve is fitted around the outside of the rotating mechanism, the pulse control terminal is installed inside the protective sleeve, and the pressure sensor is mounted on the side wall of the protective sleeve.

[0032] More preferably, the protective cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar by a mounting rod, and the upper part of the protective cylinder is pointed.

[0033] More preferably, the rotating mechanism is connected to the rotating valve cylinder via a rotating shaft, and the rotating mechanism includes a rotating motor connected to the rotating shaft via an electromagnetic clutch.

[0034] More preferably, the pulse control terminal includes a control module, the input terminals of which are respectively connected to a pressure monitoring module and a load monitoring module, the input terminal of the pressure monitoring module is connected to the pressure sensor, the input terminal of the load monitoring module is connected to the load detection sensor assembly, the output terminals of the control module are respectively connected to an amplitude adjustment module and a start module, the output terminal of the amplitude adjustment module is connected to an adjustment drive mechanism, and the output terminal of the start module is connected to a rotation mechanism.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] This invention adjusts the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel by installing an adjustment mechanism on the axial rotary valve and an adjustment drive mechanism connected to the adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the amplitude of the pulse wave. At the same time, it uses a pressure sensor and a load detection sensor assembly to monitor the load data of the drill bit position and the pressure of the injected drilling fluid, making dynamic adaptive adjustments for different load conditions and drilling fluid pressures. This has good adaptability, improves the formation quality of the pulse wave, and thus improves the quality of information transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drill collar in this application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the drill collar in this application;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fixed valve cylinder and the rotating valve cylinder in this application;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixed valve cylinder in this application;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating valve cylinder in this application;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating lifting plate in this application;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixed lifting plate in this application;

[0046] Figure 9 This is a block diagram of the pulse control terminal in this application;

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dynamic liquid outlet cylinder in this application;

[0048] Figure 11 This is an assembly structure diagram of the dynamic liquid outlet cylinder and the fixed valve cylinder in the application itself;

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the dynamic liquid outlet cylinder in this application;

[0050] Reference numerals: 1. Drill collar; 2. Fixed valve cylinder; 201. Outlet liquid hole; 202. Buffer hole; 203. Outer sliding groove; 204. Through groove; 3. Rotating valve cylinder; 301. Inner outlet liquid hole; 302. Inner sliding groove; 303. Movable cavity; 304. Perforation; 4. Outer adjusting block; 5. Outer connecting rod; 6. Fixed lifting plate; 7. Adjustment drive mechanism; 8. Inner adjusting block; 9. Rotating lifting plate; 901. Annular groove; 10. Inner connecting rod; 11. Protective cover; 12. Reinforcing support plate; 13. Rotating shaft; 14. Rotating mechanism; 15. Protective cylinder; 16. Mounting rod; 17. Pulse control terminal; 18. Pressure sensor; 19. Torque sensor; 20. Dynamic outlet liquid cylinder; 21. Drainage cylinder; 2101. Drainage port; 22. Movable plate; 23. Spring telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses an adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling, as shown in the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 As shown, the device includes a drill collar 1, which contains an axial rotary valve connected to a rotating mechanism 14. The rotating mechanism 14 drives the axial rotary valve to open and close. The drill collar 1 also contains a pulse control terminal 17, a pressure sensor 18, and a load detection sensor assembly. The axial rotary valve is equipped with an adjustment mechanism and an adjustment drive mechanism 7 for adjusting the flow area of ​​the outlet channel. The adjustment drive mechanism 7 drives the adjustment mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve. The pressure sensor 18, the load detection sensor assembly, the rotating mechanism 14, and the adjustment drive mechanism 7 are all connected to the pulse control terminal 17. The control terminal 17 is connected to the control system. The pulse control terminal 17 monitors the load data of the pulse generator downhole through the load detection sensor assembly. The load data includes any one or more combinations of the torque load data of the rotating mechanism, the depth data of the pulse generator, and the temperature data of the pulse generator's location. The pulse control terminal 17 monitors the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid, i.e., the amplitude data of the pulse wave, through the pressure sensor 18. The pulse control terminal 17 controls and adjusts the drive mechanism 7 to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel based on the received load data and pulse wave amplitude data.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling is in use, the pulse control terminal 17 activates the rotating mechanism 14. The rotating mechanism 14 drives the axial rotary valve to open and close periodically, allowing the drilling fluid to flow periodically through the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve. This periodically changes the pressure of the drilling fluid, generating pulse waves. Data detected by various drilling probes is converted into mechanical pulse waves. The surface detection device interprets the information by detecting the pulse waves generated by the drilling fluid to obtain various drilling data. During the process, the pulse control terminal 17 monitors the load data of the pulse generator downhole through the load detection sensor assembly. The load data includes any one or more combinations of the torque load data of the rotating mechanism 14, the depth data of the pulse generator, and the temperature data at the location of the pulse generator. Based on the received load data and pulse pressure change data, the pulse control terminal 17 controls the operation of the drive mechanism 7 to adjust the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve.

[0055] As one embodiment of this example, the load detection sensor assembly includes a torque sensor 19, which is used to detect the torque load of the rotating mechanism 14; the pulse control terminal 17 compares the torque load of the rotating mechanism 14 detected by the torque sensor 19 with a set torque threshold range, and controls the adjustment drive mechanism 7 to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel according to the comparison result.

[0056] Specifically, when the torque load of the rotating mechanism 14 is detected to be outside the set torque threshold range, if it is higher than the set torque threshold range, it indicates that the load on the axial rotary valve is large. The pulse control terminal 17 controls the regulating drive mechanism 7 to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, increasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. If it is lower than the set torque threshold range, it indicates that the load on the axial rotary valve is small. The pulse control terminal 17 controls the regulating drive mechanism 7 to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, decreasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. When the torque load of the rotating mechanism 14 is detected to be within the set torque threshold range, the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid is monitored to see if it is within the set pressure threshold range. If it is higher than the set pressure threshold range, the pulse control terminal 17 controls the regulating drive mechanism 7 to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, decreasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. If it is lower than the set pressure threshold range, the pulse control terminal 17 controls the regulating drive mechanism 7 to operate, which in turn drives the regulating mechanism to operate, increasing the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel.

[0057] In another embodiment of this invention, the load detection sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor for detecting the formation temperature at which the pulse generator is located. The pulse control terminal 17 calculates the borehole depth at the location of the pulse generator based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor. The pulse control terminal 17 compares the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured under the monitored borehole depth and drilling fluid pressure with a set amplitude threshold for the pulse wave under the corresponding drilling fluid pressure at the corresponding borehole depth. Based on the comparison result, it controls the adjustment drive mechanism 7 to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve's outlet channel. When the load data is temperature data, it must ultimately be converted into borehole depth data. The pulse control terminal 17 converts the borehole depth based on the downhole temperature (the formation temperature varies at different well depths; based on a pre-statistical correspondence between formation temperature and depth, the temperature data is converted into depth data).

[0058] In another embodiment of this invention, the load detection sensor assembly includes a grating encoder, which is mounted on the drill collar 1 and used to detect the displacement of the drill collar 1. The pulse control terminal 17 calculates the drilling depth by converting the drill bit displacement data detected by the grating encoder. The pulse control terminal 17 compares the monitored drilling depth and the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured under the drilling fluid pressure with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave under the drilling fluid pressure corresponding to the corresponding drilling depth. Based on the comparison result, the control adjustment drive mechanism 7 is activated to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel.

[0059] The above implementation is an example of this embodiment. When the load data is depth data, the depth data can be obtained by means of a crane proximity switch sensor, winch proximity switch sensor, winch photoelectric encoder sensor, etc., installed on the ground equipment. It can also be obtained by measuring the displacement of drill collar 1 through a grating encoder and then processing it to obtain the drilling depth.

[0060] Specifically, the pulse control terminal 17 compares the monitored borehole depth (obtained through temperature and / or depth data from the load detection sensor assembly) and the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured at that borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure (i.e., the pulse pressure change data measured by the pressure sensor 18) with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave at the corresponding borehole depth and borehole fluid pressure. When the actual pulse wave amplitude is less than the set amplitude threshold, i.e., the amplitude is too small, it is not conducive to the collection and translation of pulse signals by the ground detection device, affecting the signal transmission quality. At this time, the pulse control terminal 17 starts the adjustment drive mechanism 7, which drives the adjustment mechanism to increase the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the borehole fluid on the axial rotary valve, thereby increasing the amount of borehole fluid flowing out of the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve in one cycle, and thus increasing the pulse amplitude until the pressure sensor 18 detects that the amplitude of the pulse wave is within the set amplitude threshold range. Then, the pulse control terminal 17 controls the adjustment drive mechanism 7 to stop operating. In addition, when the amplitude of the pulse wave exceeds the set amplitude threshold, the pulse control terminal 17 controls the adjustment drive mechanism 7 to operate, thereby reducing the flow area of ​​the outlet channel of the drilling fluid on the axial rotary valve, reducing the amount of drilling fluid flowing out of the outlet channel of the axial rotary valve in one cycle, and thus reducing the amplitude of the pulse; or, the operator can reduce the pressurization power of the drilling fluid circulation equipment on the drilling fluid to save energy.

[0061] It should be noted that the amplitude threshold of the pulse wave is a range value, and the specific value can be obtained through repeated tests under different drilling depths and different drilling fluid pressures.

[0062] As an example of this embodiment, the axial rotary valve described above can adopt the axial rotary valve structure commonly used in continuous wave pulse generators. The adjustment mechanism can be a shielding plate that covers the liquid outlet channel of the axial rotary valve. For example, if the axial rotary valve is a cylindrical structure and its liquid outlet channel is opened on the side wall of the cylindrical structure, the adjustment mechanism can be a sleeve fitted on the outside of the cylindrical axial rotary valve. The sleeve moves relative to the axial rotary valve to shield the liquid outlet channel on the axial rotary valve. The adjustment drive mechanism 7 can be a hydraulically driven cylinder, a linear drive motor, or a screw module.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and explanation of the technical solution of the present invention based on the above-described embodiment 1. In this embodiment, reference is made to the appendix to the specification. Figure 9As shown, the pulse control terminal 17 includes a control module. The input terminals of the control module are respectively connected to the pressure monitoring module and the load monitoring module. The input terminal of the pressure monitoring module is connected to the pressure sensor 18. The input terminal of the load monitoring module is connected to the load detection sensor assembly. The output terminals of the control module are respectively connected to the amplitude adjustment module and the start module. The output terminal of the amplitude adjustment module is connected to the adjustment drive mechanism 7. The output terminal of the start module is connected to the rotation mechanism 14.

[0065] The pressure sensor 18 collects and calculates data, converting the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid collected by the pressure sensor 18 into pulse wave amplitude data. The load detection sensor assembly collects and calculates data from the load monitoring module to obtain the load data of the pulse generator downhole. The control module compares the data and generates corresponding control commands, which are then adjusted by the amplitude adjustment module. The activation module controls the opening and closing cycle of the axial rotary valve. This configuration reduces the data processing load of the control module, making the pulse control terminal 17 more responsive and capable of rapid adjustments.

[0066] As an example of this embodiment, the load monitoring module can receive depth data transmitted from ground equipment, which is calculated by counting the number of drill pipes. Alternatively, it can be obtained by using crane proximity switch sensors, winch proximity switch sensors, or winch photoelectric encoder sensors in the ground equipment. The load monitoring module collects and calculates this detection data to obtain the borehole depth data.

[0067] As an example of this embodiment, the pulse control terminal 17 is integrated with the rotation mechanism 14. Specifically, a protective sleeve 15 is fitted around the outside of the rotation mechanism 14, the pulse control terminal 17 is installed inside the protective sleeve 15, and the pressure sensor 18 is mounted on the side wall of the protective sleeve 15. The protective sleeve 15 protects the rotation mechanism 14 and the pulse control terminal 17 from damage caused by the drilling fluid. It also facilitates the connection and control of the pulse control terminal 17 with the pressure sensor 18 and the rotation mechanism 14, reducing wiring. When the load detection sensor assembly is a torque sensor 19, the torque sensor 19 is mounted on the side wall of the protective sleeve 15.

[0068] As another example of this embodiment, the pulse control terminal 17 can be integrated with the adjustment drive mechanism 7. Specifically, a protective cover 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the adjustment drive mechanism 7. The protective cover 11 is threadedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder 2. A reinforcing support plate 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the protective cover 11. The reinforcing support plate 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the drill collar 1. The pulse control terminal 17 is integrated inside the protective cover 11 and protected by the protective cover 11, while the pressure sensor 18 is still mounted at the inlet end of the axial rotary valve (which can be set on the inner wall of the drill collar 1) to collect the drilling fluid pressure at the inlet end of the axial rotary valve.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment further supplements and elaborates on the technical solution of the present invention based on the above embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. In this embodiment, a specific structure of an axial rotary valve is provided. Compared with the existing axial rotary valve for continuous wave pulse generators, the structure of the axial rotary valve provided in this embodiment is more optimized and stable.

[0071] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the axial rotary valve includes a fixed valve cylinder 2, which is fixedly connected inside the drill collar 1; a rotary valve cylinder 3 is nested inside the fixed valve cylinder 2 and rotatably connected thereto; the rotary mechanism 14 is connected to the rotary valve cylinder 3 and drives the rotary valve cylinder 3 to rotate relative to the fixed valve cylinder 2; an outlet liquid hole 201 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed valve cylinder 2, and an inner outlet liquid hole 301 that cooperates with the outlet liquid hole 201 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the rotary valve cylinder 3.

[0072] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the drilling fluid flows from top to bottom, entering through the upper opening of the rotating valve cylinder 3 and exiting through the inner outlet hole 301 on the side wall of the rotating valve cylinder 3. When the rotating valve cylinder 3 rotates to the state where the inner outlet hole 301 coincides with the outer outlet hole 201, the drilling fluid flows out from both the inner outlet hole 301 and the outer outlet hole 201, and the drilling fluid pressure decreases. When the rotating valve cylinder 3 rotates to the state where the inner outlet hole 301 and the outer outlet hole 201 are misaligned, the outlet channel between the rotating valve cylinder 3 and the fixed valve cylinder 2 is cut off, and the drilling fluid pressure increases. The axial rotary valve proposed in this embodiment has a simple structure and stable operation.

[0073] As one implementation method of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes an outer adjustment block 4 and a fixed lifting plate 6. The outer adjustment block 4 is nested within the outlet liquid hole 201 to change the flow area of ​​the outlet liquid hole 201. An outer connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer adjustment block 4, and the outer connecting rod 5 extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6. The adjustment drive mechanism 7 is connected to the fixed lifting plate 6 and drives the fixed lifting plate 6 to rise and fall. In this embodiment, the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel is adjusted by shielding the outlet liquid hole 201.

[0074] As an example of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 5 As shown, the fixed valve cylinder 2 is provided with an outer sliding groove 203 at the lower part of the outlet fluid hole 201 to accommodate the outer adjusting block 4. During the up-and-down sliding process of the outer adjusting block 4, the lower part of the outer adjusting block 4 is always nested in the outer sliding groove 203. This implementation structure improves the stability of the outer adjusting block 4 during lifting and lowering movements as well as its stability when subjected to lateral compression by drilling fluid.

[0075] As another embodiment of this invention, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 6 As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes an inner adjustment block 8 and a rotating lifting plate 9. The inner adjustment block 8 is nested within the inner liquid outlet 301 to change the flow area of ​​the inner liquid outlet 301. The lower end of the inner adjustment block 8 is connected to the rotating lifting plate 9. In this embodiment, the flow area of ​​the liquid outlet channel of the axial rotary valve is adjusted by shielding the inner liquid outlet 301.

[0076] As an example of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 6 As shown, the rotary valve cylinder 3 is a cylindrical structure with an open top. The rotary valve cylinder 3 has an inner sliding groove 302 at the lower part of the inner liquid outlet hole 301. The inner adjusting block 8 is nested in the inner sliding groove 302. The lower part of the inner sliding groove 302 is connected to an active cavity 303 for accommodating the rotary lifting plate 9.

[0077] As the preferred implementation method of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 and attached Figure 4As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes an outer adjustment block 4, a fixed lifting plate 6, an inner adjustment block 8, and a rotating lifting plate 9. The outer adjustment block 4 is nested within the outlet liquid hole 201 to change the flow area of ​​the outlet liquid hole 201. An outer connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer adjustment block 4, extending to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6. The adjustment drive mechanism 7 is connected to the fixed lifting plate 6 and drives the fixed lifting plate 6 to rise and fall. The inner adjustment block 8 is nested within the inner outlet liquid hole 301 to change the flow area of ​​the inner outlet liquid hole 301, and the lower end of the inner adjustment block 8 is connected to the rotating lifting plate 9. An inner connecting rod 10 is rotatably connected to the lower part of the rotating lifting plate 9, extending to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6. When the rotating valve cylinder 3 rotates, the rotating lifting plate 9 rotates with the rotating valve cylinder 3. When adjusting the inner adjustment block 8, the inner connecting rod 10 slides within the annular groove 901 to avoid interference between the inner connecting rod 10 and the rotating lifting plate 9.

[0078] As an example of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 As shown, the bottom of the rotating lifting plate 9 is provided with an annular groove 901, the cross-section of the annular groove 901 is T-shaped, and the upper end of the inner connecting rod 10 is provided with a T-connector that is adapted to the annular groove 901.

[0079] Furthermore, the rotating valve cylinder 3 has a through hole 304 for the inner connecting rod 10 to pass through, and the fixed valve cylinder 2 has a through groove 204 for the inner connecting rod 10 to pass through and communicating with the through hole 304.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and explanation of the technical solution of the present invention based on the above-described embodiment 3. In this embodiment, reference is made to the appendix to the specification. Figure 5 As shown, the fixed valve cylinder 2 includes an integrally formed annular part and a cylindrical part. The annular part is fixed on the inner wall of the drill collar 1, and the cylindrical part is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical part, and the cylindrical part and the annular part are concentric. The rotating valve cylinder 3 is assembled inside the cylindrical part, and the outflow liquid hole 201 is opened on the side wall of the cylindrical part.

[0082] Furthermore, the annular portion is provided with buffer holes 202 that are equidistantly distributed around the circumference. When the drilling fluid flows through the fixed valve cylinder 2, the drilling fluid flows into the cylindrical portion and the buffer holes 202 respectively. By setting the buffer holes 202, the drilling fluid can flow normally through the fixed valve cylinder 2, avoiding blockage of the drilling fluid and reducing the scouring and erosion of the fixed valve cylinder 2 by the drilling fluid.

[0083] As a preferred embodiment of this practice, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 10 Appendix Figure 11 and attached Figure 12As shown, a dynamic liquid outlet cylinder 20 is installed inside the buffer hole 202. The dynamic liquid outlet cylinder 20 includes a drain cylinder 21 that is fixedly connected to the annular part of the fixed valve cylinder 2. A drain port 2101 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the drain cylinder 21. A movable disc 22 is nested inside the drain cylinder 21. A spring telescopic rod 23 is connected to the bottom of the movable disc 22.

[0084] Specifically, by providing a dynamic outlet cylinder 20, the drilling fluid flowing through the fixed valve cylinder 2 is kept within a certain threshold range, and the pressure of the drilling fluid flowing through the fixed valve cylinder 2 is dynamically adjusted so that the pulse generator operates within a certain threshold range, reducing the scouring and erosion of the pulse generator by the drilling fluid. More specifically, when the drilling fluid pressure is high, the drilling fluid enters the drain cylinder 21 through the buffer hole 202 and squeezes the movable disk 22, causing the movable disk 22 to move downward, thereby expanding the flow area of ​​the drain port 2101 and reducing the end face pressure of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and the drilling fluid pressure entering the rotating valve cylinder 3.

[0085] More preferably, the drain cylinder 21 is a vertical cylinder with an open top, and the height of the drain port 2101 is lower than the height of the outlet hole 201. This avoids impact interference between the drilling fluid flowing out of the buffer hole 202 and the drilling fluid discharged from the outlet hole 201.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and explanation of the technical solution of the present invention based on the above embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0088] As an example of this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 As shown, the adjustment drive mechanism 7 is a lead screw module, including a lead screw threadedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6 and a lead screw motor connected to the lead screw.

[0089] As yet another example, the adjustment drive mechanism 7 is a hydraulic lifting rod.

[0090] As a preferred example of this embodiment, a protective cover 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the adjusting drive mechanism 7. The protective cover 11 is threadedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder 2, and a reinforcing support plate 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the protective cover 11. The reinforcing support plate 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the drill collar 1. The protective cover 11 and the reinforcing support plate 12 improve the stability of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and the adjusting drive mechanism 7, and enhance their resistance to pressure and erosion.

[0091] As a preferred example of this embodiment, a protective cylinder 15 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating mechanism 14, the pulse control terminal 17 is installed inside the protective cylinder 15, and the pressure sensor 18 is mounted on the side wall of the protective cylinder 15. The protective cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar 1 via a mounting rod 16, and the upper part of the protective cylinder 15 is pointed. The rotating mechanism 14 is connected to the rotating valve cylinder 3 via a rotating shaft 13, and the rotating mechanism 14 includes a rotating motor connected to the rotating shaft 13 via an electromagnetic clutch.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specification is attached. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 9 An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling is shown, including a drill collar 1. A fixed valve cylinder 2 is fixedly connected inside the drill collar 1. A rotating valve cylinder 3 is rotatably connected to the fixed valve cylinder 2. An outlet fluid hole 201 is opened on the circumferential side wall of the fixed valve cylinder 2. An inner outlet fluid hole 301 that cooperates with the outlet fluid hole 201 is opened on the circumferential side wall of the rotating valve cylinder 3. An outer adjusting block 4 for changing the flow area of ​​the outlet fluid hole 201 is nested inside the outlet fluid hole 201. An outer connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer adjusting block 4. The outer connecting rod 5 extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and is fixedly connected. There is a fixed lifting plate 6; an inner adjusting block 8 for changing the flow area is nested inside the inner liquid outlet 301. The inner adjusting block 8 extends into the interior of the rotating valve cylinder 3 and is fixedly connected to the rotating lifting plate 9. The rotating lifting plate 9 is nested inside the rotating valve cylinder 3 and is slidably connected to its inner wall. An inner connecting rod 10 is snapped into the lower part of the rotating lifting plate 9 and is rotatably connected to it. The inner connecting rod 10 extends to the lower part of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6. A rotating shaft 13 is fixedly connected to the rotating valve cylinder 3. A rotating mechanism 14 is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 13. An adjusting drive mechanism 7 is connected to the fixed lifting plate 6.

[0094] The rotating mechanism 14 is fitted with a protective cylinder 15, and a pulse control terminal 17 is installed inside the protective cylinder 15. The pulse control terminal 17 includes a control module. The input end of the control module is connected to a pressure monitoring module and a load monitoring module, respectively. The input end of the pressure monitoring module is connected to a pressure sensor 18 installed on the protective cylinder 15. The input end of the load monitoring module is connected to a load detection sensor assembly. The output end of the control module is connected to an amplitude adjustment module and a start module, respectively. The output end of the amplitude adjustment module is connected to the adjustment drive mechanism 7, and the output end of the start module is connected to the rotating mechanism 14.

[0095] In use, the rotating mechanism 14 is started by the pulse control terminal 17. The rotating mechanism 14 drives the rotating valve cylinder 3 to rotate through the rotating shaft 13. The inner liquid outlet 301 of the rotating valve cylinder 3 and the outer liquid outlet 201 of the fixed valve cylinder 2 are periodically connected, so that the drilling fluid periodically passes through the liquid outlet and the outer liquid outlet 201, thereby periodically changing the pressure of the drilling fluid and generating pulse waves. The data detected by various drilling detectors are converted into mechanical pulse waves. The ground detection device interprets the information by detecting the pulse waves formed by the drilling fluid and then obtains various drilling data.

[0096] Please refer to the appendix during the process. Figure 3 and attached Figure 9 The system monitors the depth data of the pulse generator underground through a load detection sensor assembly, and monitors the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid, i.e., the amplitude data of the pulse wave, through a pressure sensor 18. The amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured at a certain drilling depth and a certain drilling fluid pressure is compared with a set amplitude threshold for the pulse wave at the corresponding depth and drilling fluid pressure. When the real-time pulse wave amplitude is less than the set amplitude threshold, i.e., the amplitude is too small, it is not conducive to the collection and translation of pulse signals by the ground detection device, affecting the signal transmission quality. At this time, the pulse control terminal 17 starts the adjustment drive mechanism 7, which drives the fixed lifting plate 6 downward. The fixed lifting plate 6 drives the external connecting rod 5 to move the external lifting plate downward. The regulating block 4 moves downward within the outlet fluid hole 201. Simultaneously, the fixed lifting plate 6, through the inner connecting rod 10 and the rotating lifting plate 9, drives the inner regulating block 8 to move downward within the inner outlet fluid hole 301. This causes the flow area of ​​the outlet fluid hole 201 and the inner outlet fluid hole 301 to increase synchronously, thereby increasing the amount of drilling fluid flowing out through the outlet fluid hole 201 and the inner outlet fluid hole 301 in one cycle. This, in turn, increases the amplitude of the pulse wave until the pressure sensor 18 detects that the amplitude of the pulse wave is within the set amplitude threshold range. Then, the regulating drive mechanism 7 is turned off. In addition, when the real-time pulse wave amplitude is greater than the set amplitude threshold, the operator can reduce the pressurization power of the drilling fluid circulation equipment on the drilling fluid to save energy.

[0097] It should be noted that the amplitude threshold of the pulse wave is a range value, and the specific value can be obtained through repeated tests under different drilling depths and different drilling fluid pressure conditions, which will not be elaborated in this application.

[0098] Compared to traditional drilling fluid pulse generators, this invention achieves automatic adjustment of drilling fluid pulse wave amplitude through an external adjustment block 4 located in the external fluid outlet 201 and an internal adjustment block 8 located in the internal fluid outlet 301. This adapts to different drilling depths and different drilling fluid pressures, exhibiting better adaptability, improving the formation quality of pulse waves, and thus improving the quality of pulse wave information propagation.

[0099] Please see the appendix Figure 5The fixed valve cylinder 2 includes an integrally formed annular part and a cylindrical part. The annular part is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar 1 by bolts. The annular part is provided with buffer holes 202 that are equidistantly distributed around the circumference.

[0100] Specifically, when the drilling fluid flows through the fixed valve cylinder 2, the drilling fluid flows into the cylindrical part and the buffer hole 202 respectively. By setting the buffer hole 202, the drilling fluid can flow normally through the fixed valve cylinder 2, avoiding blockage of the drilling fluid and reducing the scouring and erosion of the fixed valve cylinder 2 by the drilling fluid.

[0101] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 5 The fixed valve cylinder 2 is located below the outlet liquid hole 201 and is provided with an outer sliding groove 203 for accommodating the outer adjusting block 4. During the up-and-down sliding process of the outer adjusting block 4, its lower part is always nested in the outer sliding groove 203.

[0102] Specifically, it improves the stability of the external regulating block 4 during lifting and lowering movements, as well as its stability when subjected to lateral pressure from drilling fluid.

[0103] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 6 The rotating valve cylinder 3 is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top. The inner liquid outlet 301 has an inner sliding groove 302 at the bottom. The inner adjusting block 8 is nested in the inner sliding groove 302. The lower part of the inner sliding groove 302 is connected to a movable cavity 303 for accommodating the rotating lifting plate 9.

[0104] Specifically, when adjusting the inner adjusting block 8, the rotating lifting plate 9 moves up and down within the movable cavity 303.

[0105] Please see the appendix Figure 4 To be continued Figure 7 The rotating lifting plate 9 has a disc-shaped structure. The lower part of the rotating lifting plate 9 has an annular groove 901 for the inner connecting rod 10 to slide. The upper part of the inner connecting rod 10 is nested in the annular groove 901 and slides against its inner wall. The rotating valve cylinder 3 has a through hole 304 for the inner connecting rod 10 to pass through. The fixed valve cylinder 2 has a through groove 204 for the inner connecting rod 10 to pass through and communicate with the through hole 304.

[0106] Specifically, when the rotating valve cylinder 3 rotates, the rotating lifting plate 9 rotates along with the rotating valve cylinder 3. When adjusting the inner adjusting block 8, the inner connecting rod 10 slides in the annular groove 901 to avoid interference between the inner connecting rod 10 and the rotating lifting plate 9.

[0107] Please see the appendix Figure 4 The fixed lifting plate 6 has a disc-shaped structure, and the adjustment drive mechanism 7 is a vertical lead screw module. The adjustment drive mechanism 7 includes a vertical lead screw that is threadedly connected to the fixed lifting plate 6 and a lead screw motor that is connected to the vertical lead screw.

[0108] Specifically, it should be noted that the adjusting drive mechanism 7 can also be a hydraulic lifting rod.

[0109] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 A protective cover 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the adjustment drive mechanism 7. The protective cover 11 is threadedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder 2. A reinforcing support plate 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the protective cover 11. The reinforcing support plate 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar 1 by bolts.

[0110] Specifically, the stability of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and the regulating drive mechanism 7 is improved by using the protective cover 11 and the reinforced support plate 12, thereby enhancing their resistance to pressure and erosion.

[0111] Please see the appendix Figure 3 The rotating mechanism 14 includes a rotating motor connected to the rotating shaft 13 via an electromagnetic clutch. The rotating motor is installed inside the protective cylinder 15. The protective cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar 1 via a mounting rod 16. The upper part of the protective cylinder 15 is pointed.

[0112] Example 7

[0113] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 10 To be continued Figure 12 An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling is shown. Based on embodiment 6, a dynamic liquid outlet cylinder 20 is installed in the buffer hole 202. The dynamic liquid outlet cylinder 20 includes a drain cylinder 21 fixedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder 2. A drain port 2101 is opened on the circumferential side wall of the drain cylinder 21. A movable disk 22 is nested inside the drain cylinder 21. A spring telescopic rod 23 is connected to the bottom of the movable disk 22.

[0114] Specifically, by providing a dynamic outlet cylinder 20, the drilling fluid flowing through the fixed valve cylinder 2 is kept within a certain threshold range, and the pressure of the drilling fluid flowing through the fixed valve cylinder 2 is dynamically adjusted so that the pulse generator operates within a certain threshold range, reducing the scouring and erosion of the pulse generator by the drilling fluid. More specifically, when the drilling fluid pressure is high, the drilling fluid enters the drain cylinder 21 through the buffer hole 202 and squeezes the movable disk 22, causing the movable disk 22 to move downward, thereby expanding the flow area of ​​the drain port 2101 and reducing the end face pressure of the fixed valve cylinder 2 and the drilling fluid pressure entering the rotating valve cylinder 3.

[0115] Please see the appendix Figure 11 and attached Figure 12 The drain cylinder 21 is a vertical cylinder with an open top, and the drain port 2101 is set at a height lower than the outlet hole 201.

[0116] Specifically, this avoids impact interference between the drilling fluid flowing out of the buffer hole 202 and the drilling fluid discharged from the outlet hole 201.

[0117] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments adopted in this application are not limited to these. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling, comprising a drill collar (1), wherein an axial rotary valve is assembled inside the drill collar (1), the axial rotary valve is connected to a rotating mechanism (14), and the rotating mechanism (14) drives the axial rotary valve to open and close; characterized in that: The drill collar (1) is also equipped with a pulse control terminal (17), a pressure sensor (18), and a load detection sensor. The axial rotary valve is equipped with an adjustment mechanism and an adjustment drive mechanism (7) for adjusting the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel. The adjustment drive mechanism (7) drives the adjustment mechanism to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel. The pressure sensor (18), the load detection sensor assembly, the rotation mechanism (14), and the adjustment drive mechanism (7) are all connected to the pulse control terminal (17). The pulse control terminal (17) adjusts the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel by controlling the pressure sensor (18), the load detection sensor assembly, the rotation mechanism (14), and the adjustment drive mechanism (7). The sensor assembly monitors the load data of the pulse generator downhole. The load data includes any one or more combinations of the torque load data of the rotating mechanism (14), the depth data of the pulse generator, and the temperature data of the location of the pulse generator. The pulse control terminal (17) monitors the dynamic pulse pressure change data of the drilling fluid, i.e., the amplitude data of the pulse wave, through the pressure sensor (18). The pulse control terminal (17) controls the operation of the adjustment drive mechanism (7) according to the received load data and the amplitude data of the pulse wave to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel. The axial rotary valve includes a fixed valve cylinder (2), which is fixedly connected inside the drill collar (1); a rotary valve cylinder (3) is nested inside the fixed valve cylinder (2) and rotatably connected thereto; the rotating mechanism (14) is connected to the rotary valve cylinder (3) and drives the rotary valve cylinder (3) to rotate relative to the fixed valve cylinder (2); an outlet liquid hole (201) is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed valve cylinder (2), and an inner outlet liquid hole (301) that cooperates with the outlet liquid hole (201) is provided on the circumferential side wall of the rotary valve cylinder (3). The adjustment mechanism includes an outer adjustment block (4) and a fixed lifting plate (6). The outer adjustment block (4) is nested inside the outlet liquid hole (201) to change the flow area of ​​the outlet liquid hole (201). An outer connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer adjustment block (4). The outer connecting rod (5) extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder (2) and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate (6). The adjustment drive mechanism (7) is connected to the fixed lifting plate (6) and drives the fixed lifting plate (6) to rise and fall. The adjustment mechanism includes an inner adjustment block (8) and a rotating lifting plate (9). The inner adjustment block (8) is nested in the inner liquid outlet (301) to change the flow area of ​​the inner liquid outlet (301). The lower end of the inner adjustment block (8) is connected to the rotating lifting plate (9). The lower part of the rotating lifting plate (9) is fitted with an inner connecting rod (10) that is rotatably connected to it. The inner connecting rod (10) extends to the bottom of the fixed valve cylinder (2) and is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting plate (6).

2. The adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The load detection sensor assembly includes a torque sensor (19), which is used to detect the torque load of the rotating mechanism (14); the pulse control terminal (17) compares the torque load of the rotating mechanism (14) detected by the torque sensor (19) with the set torque threshold range, and controls the adjustment drive mechanism (7) to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel according to the comparison result.

3. The adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The load detection sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor, which is used to detect the formation temperature where the pulse generator is located. The pulse control terminal (17) calculates the drilling depth of the pulse generator location based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor. The pulse control terminal (17) compares the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured under the monitored drilling depth and drilling fluid pressure with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave under the corresponding drilling fluid pressure at the corresponding drilling depth. Based on the comparison result, the control adjustment drive mechanism (7) is activated to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel.

4. The adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The load detection sensor assembly includes a grating encoder, which is installed on the drill collar (1) to detect the displacement of the drill collar. The pulse control terminal (17) calculates the drilling depth by converting the drill bit displacement data detected by the grating encoder. The pulse control terminal (17) compares the amplitude of the real-time pulse wave measured under the monitored drilling depth and drilling fluid pressure with the set amplitude threshold of the pulse wave under the drilling fluid pressure corresponding to the corresponding drilling depth. Based on the comparison result, the control adjustment drive mechanism (7) is activated to adjust the flow area of ​​the axial rotary valve outlet channel.

5. The adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed valve cylinder (2) is provided with an outer sliding groove (203) for accommodating the outer adjusting block (4) at the lower part of the outlet liquid hole (201). During the up-and-down sliding process of the outer adjusting block (4), the lower part of the outer adjusting block (4) is always nested in the outer sliding groove (203).

6. The adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating valve cylinder (3) is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top. The rotating valve cylinder (3) has an inner sliding groove (302) at the lower part of the inner liquid outlet hole (301). The inner adjusting block (8) is nested in the inner sliding groove (302). The lower part of the inner sliding groove (302) is connected to an active cavity (303) for accommodating the rotating lifting plate (9).

7. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotating lifting plate (9) is provided with an annular groove (901), the cross section of the annular groove (901) is T-shaped, and the upper end of the inner connecting rod (10) is provided with a T-connector that is compatible with the annular groove (901).

8. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating valve cylinder (3) has a through hole (304) through which the inner connecting rod (10) passes, and the fixed valve cylinder (2) has a through groove (204) through which the inner connecting rod (10) passes and communicates with the through hole (304).

9. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The adjustment drive mechanism (7) is a lead screw module, including a lead screw threadedly connected to the fixed lifting plate (6) and a lead screw motor connected to the lead screw.

10. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The adjustment drive mechanism (7) is a hydraulic lifting rod.

11. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The adjustment drive mechanism (7) is fixedly connected to a protective cover (11) on the outside. The protective cover (11) is threadedly connected to the fixed valve cylinder (2). The lower end of the protective cover (11) is fixedly connected to a reinforcing support plate (12). The reinforcing support plate (12) is fixed to the inner wall of the drill collar (1).

12. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The fixed valve cylinder (2) includes an integrally formed annular part and a cylindrical part. The annular part is fixed on the inner wall of the drill collar (1), and the cylindrical part is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical part, and the cylindrical part is concentric with the annular part. The rotating valve cylinder (3) is assembled inside the cylindrical part, and the outflow liquid hole (201) is opened on the side wall of the cylindrical part.

13. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 12, characterized in that: The annular part has buffer holes (202) that are equidistantly distributed around the circumference.

14. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 13, characterized in that: The buffer hole (202) is equipped with a dynamic liquid outlet cylinder (20). The dynamic liquid outlet cylinder (20) includes a drain cylinder (21) that is fixedly connected to the annular part of the fixed valve cylinder (2). A drain port (2101) is provided on the circumferential side wall of the drain cylinder (21). A movable disc (22) is nested inside the drain cylinder (21). A spring telescopic rod (23) is connected to the bottom of the movable disc (22).

15. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 14, characterized in that: The drain cylinder (21) is a vertical cylinder with an open top, and the drain port (2101) is set at a height lower than the outlet hole (201).

16. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (14) is fitted with a protective cylinder (15) on the outside, the pulse control terminal (17) is installed inside the protective cylinder (15), and the pressure sensor (18) is mounted on the side wall of the protective cylinder (15).

17. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in claim 16, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (15) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill collar (1) by the mounting rod (16), and the upper part of the protective cylinder (15) is pointed.

18. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (14) is connected to the rotating valve cylinder (3) via a rotating shaft (13), and the rotating mechanism (14) includes a rotating motor connected to the rotating shaft (13) via an electromagnetic clutch.

19. An adaptive pulse generator for oil drilling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The pulse control terminal (17) includes a control module. The input end of the control module is connected to the pressure monitoring module and the load monitoring module respectively. The input end of the pressure monitoring module is connected to the pressure sensor (18). The input end of the load monitoring module is connected to the load detection sensor assembly. The output end of the control module is connected to the amplitude adjustment module and the start module respectively. The output end of the amplitude adjustment module is connected to the adjustment drive mechanism (7). The output end of the start module is connected to the rotation mechanism (14).

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