A test device and method for a metal halogen battery

Abstract

The application provides a testing device and method for metal halogen battery, which comprises a transparent container and a sealing cover; a solid or liquid positive halogen element is arranged on the inner bottom of the transparent container; a negative electrode assembly is hung on the inner top of the transparent container, and the negative electrode assembly is above the positive halogen element and does not directly contact with the positive halogen element; the negative electrode assembly comprises two negative metal sheets and a conductive mesh arranged between the two negative metal sheets; a negative electrode lead is connected to the conductive mesh, a first through hole is formed in the top wall of the transparent container for the negative electrode lead to pass through, and the upper end of the negative electrode lead falls outside the transparent container through the first through hole; a second through hole is formed in the side wall of the transparent container for the positive electrode lead to pass through, the inner end of the positive electrode lead abuts against the surface of the negative metal sheet, and the outer end of the positive electrode lead falls outside the transparent container. The testing device provides a reference for selecting suitable electrode materials and setting technical parameters in industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a testing device and method for metal halide batteries. Background Art

[0002] The most commonly used metal halide battery on the market is the lithium-iodine battery. Lithium-iodine batteries are mainly used as power sources inside microelectronic devices and implantable medical devices. They have high energy density and obvious volume advantages. In the lithium-iodine battery system, iodine is usually used as the positive electrode active substance, while metallic lithium is used as the negative electrode material. The iodine is converted into a gas by heating, and then a chemical reaction occurs on the surface of the metallic lithium negative electrode to generate lithium iodide in situ. The generated lithium iodide can not only serve as an electrolyte, but also acts as a diaphragm, effectively isolating the positive and negative electrodes, preventing short circuits, and allowing the transmission of ions. The reaction equation of the lithium-iodine battery is: 2Li + I2 = 2LiI.

[0003] Generally speaking, gaseous halogens pose significant risks to both operators and the environment. Furthermore, metal halide batteries are expensive to manufacture, time-consuming, and require significant materials. Furthermore, the formation of the solid electrolyte is difficult to monitor, placing significant cost and operational pressures on the development of new cathode and anode materials for metal halide batteries. Therefore, developing a simple, easy-to-use, low-cost testing device that allows for convenient observation of battery reactions is crucial to screen suitable materials for metal halide batteries and reduce manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide a testing device for metal halide batteries.

[0005] A metal halide battery testing device includes a transparent container;

[0006] The transparent container is provided with a material inlet, and a detachable sealing cover is provided at the material inlet;

[0007] The bottom of the inner side of the transparent container is filled with a solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element;

[0008] A negative electrode assembly is suspended on the top of the inner side of the transparent container, and the negative electrode assembly is located above the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element and is not in direct contact with the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element;

[0009] The negative electrode assembly includes two stacked negative electrode metal sheets and a conductive mesh sandwiched between the two negative electrode metal sheets;

[0010] A negative electrode lead is connected to the conductive mesh, a first through hole for the negative electrode lead to pass through is opened on the top wall of the transparent container, and the upper end of the negative electrode lead passes through the first through hole and falls outside the transparent container;

[0011] The side wall of the transparent container is provided with a second through hole for the positive electrode lead to pass through, the inner end of the positive electrode lead abuts against the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, and the outer end of the positive electrode lead falls outside the transparent container.

[0012] The testing device of the metal halogen battery further comprises a heating device capable of heating the bottom of the transparent container.

[0013] When the bottom of the transparent container is heated, the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element is sublimated into a gaseous state after being heated, and the gaseous positive electrode halogen element adheres to the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, thereby generating a solid electrolyte film layer in situ on the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet.

[0014] The testing device of the metal halogen battery of the present application can directly observe the volatilization of the positive electrode halogen element and the generation of the solid electrolyte on the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, thereby providing a reference for selecting appropriate positive and negative electrode materials and setting technical parameters in subsequent industrial production, and reducing manufacturing costs. In addition, the gaseous positive electrode halogen element is confined within the transparent container, thereby avoiding harm to the operator and pollution of the environment. The excess gaseous positive electrode halogen element will be sublimed into a solid or liquid state when the transparent container cools down below the sublimation temperature, thereby being repeatedly used and avoiding waste. Furthermore, the inner end of the positive electrode lead abuts against the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, thereby ensuring good contact between the positive electrode lead and the solid electrolyte layer. Meanwhile, the positive electrode lead and the outer end of the positive electrode lead both fall outside the transparent container, thereby providing conditions for measuring the performance indicators such as battery voltage, internal resistance, short-circuit current, etc. without opening the transparent container.

[0015] Further, the negative electrode lead is further sleeved with a first rubber plug for sealing the gap between the negative electrode lead and the hole wall of the first through hole, thereby preventing the gaseous positive electrode halogen element from overflowing out of the first through hole and polluting the environment and harming the operator.

[0016] Further, the positive electrode lead is sleeved with a second rubber plug for sealing the gap between the positive electrode lead and the hole wall of the second through hole, thereby preventing the gaseous positive electrode halogen element from overflowing out of the second through hole and polluting the environment and harming the operator. The positive electrode lead can be arranged perpendicular to the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheet is located. Of course, the positive electrode lead can be but is not limited to being arranged perpendicular to the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheet is located, and can also be arranged at an acute angle with the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheet is located or in the same plane.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer contour line of the negative electrode metal sheet is located outside the contour line of the conductive mesh, and the two negative electrode metal sheets are bonded and fixed together, so that the conductive mesh is completely encapsulated between the two negative electrode metal sheets, so that more gaseous positive electrode halogen elements are attached to the outer surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, and the conductive mesh plays the role of collecting current and conducting current.

[0018] The transparent container is preferably a transparent glass container. Of course, the transparent container can be, but is not limited to, a transparent glass container, as long as it is heat-resistant, transparent, and made of a material that does not react with battery materials.

[0019] The positive electrode halogen element is a single type of halogen element, or a mixture of multiple different types of halogen elements.

[0020] The heating device is preferably a magnetic stirring heater.

[0021] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing a metal halide battery using the metal halide battery testing device described in the first object of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0022] (1) placing the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element into the transparent container;

[0023] (2) Installing the negative electrode assembly on the top wall of the transparent container;

[0024] (3) Installing the positive electrode lead on the side wall of the transparent container;

[0025] (4) Covering the sealing cover;

[0026] (5) Turning on the heating device to heat the bottom of the transparent container so that the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element is sublimated into a gaseous state after being heated; heating is continued, and the heating device is turned off when the set heating time is reached.

[0027] Once the gaseous positive electrode halogen element comes into contact with the negative electrode metal sheet, it will adhere to the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet and form a solid electrolyte membrane layer on the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet.

[0028] Furthermore, in step (5), the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element is heated while being stirred. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the metal halide battery testing device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Left view of the metal halide battery test device, wherein the negative electrode assembly is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the metal halide battery testing device and method of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a metal halide battery testing device, comprising a transparent container 10;

[0033] The transparent container 10 is provided with a material inlet 11, and a detachable sealing cover 20 is provided at the material inlet 11;

[0034] The bottom of the transparent container 10 is filled with a solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element 30;

[0035] A negative electrode assembly 40 is suspended on the top of the transparent container 10. The negative electrode assembly 40 is located above the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element 30 and is not in direct contact with the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element 30.

[0036] The negative electrode assembly 30 includes two stacked negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) and a conductive mesh 43 sandwiched between the two negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42);

[0037] A negative electrode lead 50 is connected to the conductive mesh 43 , and a first through hole for the negative electrode lead 50 to pass through is formed on the top wall of the transparent container 10 . The upper end of the negative electrode lead 50 passes through the first through hole and falls outside the transparent container 10 .

[0038] A second through hole is provided on the side wall of the transparent container 10 for the positive electrode lead 60 to pass through, the inner end of the positive electrode lead 60 is in direct contact with the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet (41, 42), and the outer end of the positive electrode lead 60 falls outside the transparent container 10;

[0039] The metal halide battery testing device further includes a heating device (conventional existing structure, not shown) capable of heating the bottom of the transparent container 10;

[0040] The positive electrode halogen element 30 is a solid iodine element, the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) are lithium sheets, and the positive electrode lead 60 and the negative electrode lead 50 are both made of stainless steel.

[0041] The method for testing a metal halide battery using the above-mentioned metal halide battery testing device comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) 10 g of solid iodine 30 is placed into the transparent container 10;

[0043] (2) Installing the negative electrode assembly 40 on the top of the transparent container 10;

[0044] (3) Installing the positive electrode lead 60 on the side wall of the transparent container 10 so that the inner end of the positive electrode lead 60 is in direct contact with the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet (41, 42) and the outer end of the positive electrode lead 60 falls outside the transparent container 10;

[0045] (4) Cover with the sealing cover 20;

[0046] (5) Turn on the heating device to heat the bottom of the transparent container 10 so that the solid iodine element 30 is sublimated into a gaseous state after heating; continue heating, control the heating temperature at 30 to 50° C., heat for more than 5 minutes, and then turn off the heating device.

[0047] Without opening the transparent container 10, the positive and negative electrodes of a multimeter were connected to the outer ends of the positive lead 60 and the negative lead 50, respectively, to measure the battery voltage, which was 2.765 V. Of course, other performance indicators such as the internal resistance and short-circuit current of the battery can also be measured using a measuring instrument.

[0048] Of course, the positive electrode halogen element 30 and the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) of the present invention can be replaced with other halogens (e.g., liquid bromine (Br), solid iodine (I), solid astatine (At), solid thallium (Ts)) and other metal sheets (e.g., sodium (Na), potassium (K), etc.) as needed. This is to test the reaction conditions and battery performance of metal halide batteries prepared from various positive and negative electrode material combinations. The heating temperature and heating time of the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element 30 are adjusted according to the type of halogen element and the test requirements.

[0049] The conductive mesh 43 is a nickel mesh or a stainless steel mesh.

[0050] Preferably, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the negative electrode lead 50 is also covered with a first rubber plug 51 to seal the gap between the negative electrode lead 50 and the wall of the first through-hole, preventing gaseous positive electrode halogen from escaping from the first through-hole, polluting the environment and causing harm to operators. Of course, the first rubber plug 51 can also be provided when the first through-hole is relatively small.

[0051] Preferably, Figure 2 As shown, a second rubber plug 61 is sleeved over the positive lead 60 to seal the gap between the positive lead 60 and the wall of the second through-hole, preventing gaseous positive halogen from escaping from the second through-hole, potentially polluting the environment and endangering operators. Of course, the second rubber plug 61 can also be provided when the second through-hole is relatively small.

[0052] The positive electrode lead 60 can be arranged perpendicularly to the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) are located. Of course, the positive electrode lead 60 can be, but is not limited to, arranged perpendicularly to the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) are located, and can also be arranged at an acute angle or parallel to the plane in which the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) are located.

[0053] Preferably, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the outer contour line of the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42) is located outside the contour line of the conductive mesh 43, and the two metal sheets (41, 42) are bonded and fixed together, so as to completely encapsulate the conductive mesh 43 between the two metal sheets (41, 42), so that more gaseous positive electrode halogen elements are attached to the outer surface of the negative electrode metal sheets (41, 42), and the conductive mesh 43 plays a role of current collection and current discharge.

[0054] The transparent container 10 is preferably a transparent glass container. Of course, the transparent container 10 can be, but is not limited to, a transparent glass container, and can be any container that is heat-resistant, transparent, and does not react with the material of the battery.

[0055] The positive electrode halogen element 30 is a single kind of halogen element, or a mixture of multiple different kinds of halogen elements.

[0056] The heating device is preferably a magnetic stirring heater. In this case, the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element 30 in step (4) can be heated while being stirred.

[0057] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent flow transformation using the content of the present application specification, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A metal halide battery testing device, characterized in that: comprising a transparent container; The transparent container is provided with a material inlet, and a detachable sealing cover is provided at the material inlet; The bottom of the inner side of the transparent container is filled with a solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element; A negative electrode assembly is suspended on the top of the inner side of the transparent container, and the negative electrode assembly is located above the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element and is not in direct contact with the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element; The negative electrode assembly includes two stacked negative electrode metal sheets and a conductive mesh sandwiched between the two negative electrode metal sheets; A negative electrode lead is connected to the conductive mesh, a first through hole for the negative electrode lead to pass through is opened on the top wall of the transparent container, and the upper end of the negative electrode lead passes through the first through hole and falls outside the transparent container; A second through hole is provided on the side wall of the transparent container for the positive electrode lead to pass through, the inner end of the positive electrode lead contacts the surface of the negative electrode metal sheet, and the outer end of the positive electrode lead falls outside the transparent container; The metal halide battery testing device further includes a heating device capable of heating the bottom of the transparent container.

2. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The negative electrode lead is also sleeved with a first rubber plug for sealing the gap between the negative electrode lead and the wall of the first through hole.

3. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: A second rubber plug is sleeved on the positive electrode lead to seal the gap between the positive electrode lead and the wall of the second through hole.

4. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The positive electrode lead is arranged perpendicular to the plane where the negative electrode metal sheet is located.

5. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The outer contour line of the negative electrode metal sheet is located outside the contour line of the conductive mesh, and the two negative electrode metal sheets are bonded and fixed together, so that the conductive mesh is completely encapsulated between the two negative electrode metal sheets.

6. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The transparent container is a transparent glass container.

7. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The positive electrode halogen element is a single type of halogen element, or a mixture of multiple different types of halogen elements.

8. The metal halide battery testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The heating device is a magnetic stirring heater.

9. A method for testing a metal halide battery using the metal halide battery testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: (1) placing the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element into the transparent container; (2) Installing the negative electrode assembly on the top wall of the transparent container; (3) Installing the positive electrode lead on the side wall of the transparent container; (4) Covering the sealing cover; (5) Turning on the heating device to heat the bottom of the transparent container so that the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element is sublimated into a gaseous state after being heated; heating is continued, and the heating device is turned off when the set heating time is reached.

10. The metal halide battery testing method according to claim 9, wherein: In step (5), the solid or liquid positive electrode halogen element is heated while stirring.

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