A comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling

Abstract

The present application relates to a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling, comprising a support frame for detachably mounting to a segment assembly area of ​​a tunnel boring machine; a plurality of protective rods fixed to the support frame, each comprising two rods; a protective mechanism disposed between two protective rods in the same group, configured to block the gap between the two protective rods in the same group and to block the support frame away from the tunnel boring machine to prevent rock fragments generated by rockbursts; an early warning mechanism disposed on the tunnel boring machine; and a microseismic monitoring system connected to the protective mechanism and the early warning mechanism for real-time rockburst microseismic data. When a rockburst occurs, the microseismic monitoring system sends a control signal to the protective mechanism and the early warning mechanism to activate the protective mechanism and the early warning mechanism. The present invention can quickly protect workers when a rockburst occurs, improve the efficiency and safety of workers performing segment installation operations in rockburst-prone areas, and achieve safe and efficient tunneling of TBM tunnels with high rockburst potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel rockburst prevention and control, and in particular to a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling. Background Art

[0002] Rockbursts are unavoidable rock mass hazards in deep rock mass engineering projects, often occurring during the excavation of high-in-situ stress tunnels. When a rockburst occurs, the elastic deformation energy accumulated within the rock mass is rapidly released, ejecting large amounts of rock fragments, causing casualties and serious damage to tunneling machinery, increasing construction timelines and costs. With the rapid increase in the use of TBMs, the impact of rockbursts on TBM tunneling has become increasingly significant. For example, a severe rockburst in the drainage tunnel during the construction of the Jinping-II Power Station in Sichuan damaged TBM equipment and caused severe casualties.

[0003] At present, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) usually includes propulsion system, cutting system, excavation system, segment assembly system, etc. The excavation and shaping of tunnels by TBM mainly include the following aspects: first, excavation of foundation pits or construction of vertical shafts at the beginning and end of the tunnel, which are used as assembly and disassembly wells for shield machines and their equipment; then the cutting device of the TBM excavates the soil in front of the tunnel; the cut soil is transported out of the cave by the excavation machinery; the TBM is pushed forward by the propulsion system of the TBM and the jack is used to pressurize the rear part to push forward the TBM; at the same time, the soil is excavated; while the TBM is advancing, the splicing machine is used to advance the soil. Precast concrete segments are assembled to form the tunnel lining structure to support the tunnel wall. After the segments are assembled, filling materials, such as cement slurry, are injected into the space behind the lining to fill the gaps and improve the stability of the lining. In the process of the tunnel boring machine assembling the precast concrete segments through the splicing machine to form the tunnel lining structure, workers need to accurately operate the splicing machine to assemble the segments on the tunnel wall. However, the splicing machine is located at the tail of the tunnel boring machine, and one side of it is exposed to the outside of the tunnel boring machine shell. When a rock burst occurs, the rock fragments generated by the rock burst will cause serious harm to workers in the segment assembly area. For this reason, it is urgent to develop a comprehensive rock burst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling to protect workers working in rock burst-prone areas when a rock burst occurs, so as to improve the construction efficiency and segment assembly quality of TBM tunnel segments with high rock burst tendency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to facilitate the workers in the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine to accurately observe the real-time assembly process of the splicing machine and to quickly protect the workers when a rock burst occurs, the present application provides a TBM tunnel boring rock burst comprehensive prevention and control system.

[0005] This application provides a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling, comprising:

[0007] Support frame, used for detachable installation in the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine;

[0008] A plurality of protective rods are fixed to the support frame, and two of the protective rods form a group. The plurality of protective rods are parallel to each other, and a shell skeleton structure is formed between the plurality of protective rods and the support frame.

[0009] A protection mechanism is provided between two protection bars in the same group, and is used to block the gap between the two protection bars in the same group and to block the support frame away from the side of the tunnel boring machine, so as to block rock fragments generated by rock burst;

[0010] The early warning mechanism is installed on the tunnel boring machine and is used to issue early warning information to warn when a rock burst occurs;

[0011] The microseismic monitoring system is connected to the protection mechanism and the early warning mechanism and is used to collect rock burst microseismic data in real time. When a rock burst occurs in the rock mass, the microseismic monitoring system sends a control signal to the protection mechanism and the early warning mechanism to enable the protection mechanism and the early warning mechanism to operate.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress, indicating that a rock burst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the protection mechanism. The protection mechanism responds to the signal and quickly forms a closed structure between the two protection rods in the same group, while blocking the gap on the side of the support frame away from the tunnel boring machine to block the rock fragments produced by the rock burst. Then, after receiving the control signal from the microseismic monitoring system, the early warning mechanism immediately issues an early warning message, such as an audible and visual alarm, to remind construction personnel that the risk of rock burst is high and ensure that personnel can quickly evacuate to a safe area. When a rock burst occurs, the shell skeleton structure composed of the protection mechanism and the support frame can effectively absorb the impact of the rock burst fragments. The impact force is reduced to protect the workers in the segment assembly area from being injured. After the rockburst, the protection mechanism returns to its initial state under the control of the microseismic monitoring system, ensuring a clear view in the operating area and facilitating subsequent inspections and construction by construction personnel. Real-time monitoring and early warning, combined with the rapid response of the protection mechanism, can effectively protect the safety of construction personnel and reduce the impact of rockburst disasters on tunnel construction. The protection mechanism remains open in the non-rockburst state, ensuring a clear view in the operating area and not affecting construction efficiency. Through the coordination of the microseismic monitoring system, protection mechanism and early warning mechanism, intelligent rockburst prevention and control is realized, and the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and protection are improved.

[0013] Optionally, one of the two protection rods in the same group is set as a reeling rod and the other protection rod is set as a stretching rod, and the protection rods are both rotatably connected to the support frame;

[0014] The protection mechanism comprises:

[0015] The protective net has one end fixedly wound onto the reeling rod;

[0016] A traction rope, one end of which is wound around the stretching rod and the other end is connected to one end of the protective net;

[0017] A locking assembly is provided between the protective net and the stretching rod, and is used to fix the end of the protective net away from the reeling rod to one side of the stretching rod;

[0018] Wherein, the winding rod and the stretching rod are both provided with a self-locking rotating assembly for driving the winding rod and the stretching rod to rotate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, in the non-rockburst warning state, the protective net is reeled in by the reeling rod and is in a reeled state to keep the field of vision in the operating area unobstructed. When the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress, indicating that a rockburst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the protection mechanism. After the self-locking rotating assembly on the reeling rod and the stretching rod receives the control signal, the reeling rod begins to rotate in the opposite direction to unfold the protective net. At the same time, the stretching rod rotates forward, and the protective net is pulled away from one end of the reeling rod by the traction rope until the protective net is fully unfolded and fixed to one side of the stretching rod. After the protective net is fully unfolded, the locking assembly fixes the end of the protective net away from the reeling rod to the side of the stretching rod to ensure that the protective net can be firmly fixed when a rockburst occurs. The gap between two adjacent protective rods is blocked. When a rock burst occurs, the shell skeleton structure composed of the protective net and the support frame can effectively absorb the impact force of the rock burst fragments and protect the workers in the segment assembly area. After the rock burst, the self-locking rotating components on the reeling rod and the stretching rod receive the control signal again, the reeling rod rotates forward, and the stretching rod rotates reversely to reel the protective net back to its initial state and restore the field of view of the operation area. Through the coordinated use of the self-locking rotating components, locking components, traction ropes, etc., the protective net can be quickly deployed after the rock burst warning signal is issued, providing immediate protection for construction personnel and equipment. In the non-rock burst warning state, the protective net is reeled in to keep the field of view of the operation area clear, thereby improving construction efficiency and construction accuracy.

[0020] Optionally, the self-locking rotation assembly includes:

[0021] The worm gear is fixedly mounted on the protective rod;

[0022] A worm is rotatably connected to the support frame, and the worm wheel and the worm are meshed with each other;

[0023] The driving motor is arranged at one end of the worm.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when the protective rod is driven to rotate by the self-locking rotating assembly, the driving motor is first started after receiving the control signal, driving the worm to rotate, and the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate, and then the worm wheel can drive the protective rod (winding rod or stretching rod) fixed to it to rotate; when the worm and worm gear assembly on the stretching rod drives the stretching rod to rotate forward, the worm and worm gear assembly on the winding rod drives the winding rod to rotate reversely, the protective net can be pulled away from one end of the winding rod by the traction rope until the protective net is fully unfolded and fixed to one side of the stretching rod, and the protective net can be unfolded; the worm gear has a self-locking characteristic, which can ensure the stability of the protective rod when a rock burst occurs, prevent the protective net from accidentally winding up, and improve the stability of the protective structure.

[0025] Optionally, the locking assembly includes:

[0026] The locking housing is provided between the winding rod and the stretching rod and is fixed to a side of the support frame close to the stretching rod, and the traction rope passes through the locking housing;

[0027] There are two locking rods, which are symmetrically slidably connected to the interior of the locking housing;

[0028] An electric telescopic rod is provided between the locking rod and the locking housing;

[0029] The locking block is fixedly arranged at the end of the protective net, the locking block is fixedly connected to the traction rope, and the locking block can be clamped between the two locking rods.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, in the non-rockburst warning state, the locking rod is in the initial position inside the locking shell, the locking block is not engaged with the locking rod, and the protective net remains in the retracted state; when the protective net is fully unfolded, the traction rope drives the locking block to move to the inside of the locking shell, and at this time the electric telescopic rod drives the two locking rods to move toward the center until the two locking rods are engaged with the two sides of the locking block, and the protective net is fixed to one side of the stretching rod; after the rockburst, the electric telescopic rod drives the two locking rods to move to both sides to release the engagement with the locking block; the locking assembly can be used to engage the end of the protective net, thereby firmly fixing the protective net, preventing the traction rope that plays a traction role from breaking, and improving the impact resistance of the protective net.

[0031] Optionally, a plurality of springs are provided between the locking rod and the locking housing, and the springs are always in a compressed state and exert a force on the two locking rods to move closer to each other.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, when the locking block is clamped between the two locking rods, the spring always applies a thrust to the locking rod. The force applied by the spring enables the two locking rods to be more tightly clamped to the two sides of the locking block. Even under the strong impact caused by rock burst, the locking rod is not easily displaced, thereby improving the stability of the locking structure.

[0033] Optionally, a chamfer is provided on a side of the two locking rods that is close to each other and away from the stretching rod.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide angle enables the locking block to enter between the two locking rods more smoothly without the need for additional drive of the electric telescopic rod, thereby improving the locking response speed and ensuring that the protective net can be quickly locked after the rock burst warning signal is issued.

[0035] Optionally, a protective gate is hinged on one side of the support frame near the tunnel boring machine segment assembly area, and a driving device is provided between the protective gate and the support frame. The driving device is connected to the microseismic monitoring system and is used to close the protective gate after receiving a control signal.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, in the non-rockburst warning state, the protective gate is in the open state to ensure normal construction and personnel entry and exit in the tunnel boring machine segment assembly area. When the microseismic monitoring system detects changes in rock stress, indicating that a rockburst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the drive device. After receiving the control signal, the drive device drives the protective gate to close quickly, forming a closed protective space. When a rockburst occurs, the protective gate can effectively block the lateral impact of rockburst fragments and protect the workers in the segment assembly area.

[0037] Optionally, a plurality of auxiliary support rods are provided between two protection rods in the same group, both ends of the auxiliary support rods are fixedly connected to the support frame, and the plurality of auxiliary support rods are evenly distributed along an arc.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the auxiliary struts can enhance the connection strength between the protective rods and the support frame, improve the stability of the entire protective structure, and multiple auxiliary struts are evenly distributed along the arc, which can make the stress distribution of the protective structure more uniform when a rock burst occurs, and facilitate pressure relief, avoid structural damage caused by local stress concentration, and improve the overall bearing capacity and impact resistance of the protective structure.

[0039] Optionally, the number of the traction ropes is set to be multiple, and the multiple traction ropes are evenly distributed along the length direction of the protective rod.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple traction ropes are evenly distributed along the length of the protective rod, which can ensure that the force distribution of the protective net is more uniform when it is deployed and retracted, avoiding structural damage caused by excessive local force, and improving the stability and safety of the protective net. Even if a traction rope fails or is damaged, the other traction ropes can continue to function to ensure the normal operation of the protective net.

[0041] Optionally, the early warning mechanism includes:

[0042] The sound and light alarm device is connected to the microseismic monitoring system and is used to issue sound and light warnings after receiving control signals;

[0043] The communication device is connected to the tunnel boring machine control center and is used to exchange information with the control center.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, the microseismic monitoring system monitors the microseismic signals inside the rock mass in real time. Once a rockburst precursor is detected, a control signal is immediately generated. After receiving the control signal from the microseismic monitoring system, the sound and light alarm device immediately activates the sound and light alarm, issuing a strong sound and light warning to remind on-site workers to pay attention to the risk of rockburst. The communication device maintains a real-time connection with the tunnel boring machine control center for two-way information exchange. The control center adjusts the tunneling parameters or initiates protective measures based on the early warning information.

[0045] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0046] 1. Real-time monitoring and early warning, combined with rapid response from protective mechanisms, effectively protects construction workers and reduces the impact of rockburst hazards on TBM tunnel construction. Furthermore, protective mechanisms remain open in the non-rockburst state, ensuring a clear view of the operating area and maintaining construction efficiency. Through the coordinated efforts of the microseismic monitoring system, protective mechanisms, and early warning agencies, intelligent rockburst prevention and control is achieved, improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and prevention efforts.

[0047] 2. Through the coordinated use of self-locking rotating components, locking components, and traction ropes, the protective net can be quickly deployed upon the issuance of a rockburst warning signal, providing immediate protection for construction personnel and equipment. In the absence of a rockburst warning, the protective net retracts, maintaining a clear view of the operating area and improving construction efficiency and accuracy.

[0048] 3. The self-locking rotating assembly has a self-locking feature, which can ensure the stability of the protection rod when a rock burst occurs, prevent the protection net from accidentally rolling up, and improve the stability of the protection structure;

[0049] 4. The auxiliary struts can enhance the connection strength between the protection rods and the support frame, improving the stability of the entire protection structure. The multiple auxiliary struts are evenly distributed along the arc, which can make the stress distribution of the protection structure more uniform when a rock burst occurs, facilitate pressure relief, avoid structural damage caused by local stress concentration, and improve the overall bearing capacity and impact resistance of the protection structure.

[0050] 5. The locking assembly can be used to clamp the ends of the protective net, thereby firmly fixing the protective net, preventing the traction rope from breaking, and improving the impact resistance of the protective net; when the locking block is clamped between the two locking rods, the spring always applies thrust to the locking rod. The force given by the spring enables the two locking rods to be more tightly clamped to the two sides of the locking block. Even under the strong impact caused by rock burst, the locking rod is not easily displaced, thereby improving the stability of the locking structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system of this application;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram showing the partial structure of the comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram showing the partial structure of the protection mechanism;

[0054] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view showing the protective mechanism;

[0055] Figure 5 It is a partial cross-sectional view showing the locking assembly.

[0056] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. Tunnel boring machine; 2. Support frame; 3. Protective rod; 31. Winding rod; 32. Stretching rod; 4. Protective mechanism; 41. Protective net; 42. Traction rope; 43. Locking assembly; 431. Locking shell; 432. Locking rod; 4321. Guide angle; 433. Electric telescopic rod; 434. Spring; 435. Locking block; 44. Self-locking rotating assembly; 441. Worm gear; 442. Worm; 443. Drive motor; 45. Auxiliary support rod; 46. Protective gate; 47. Drive device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 5 This application is described in further detail.

[0058] The present application embodiment discloses a TBM tunneling rock burst comprehensive prevention and control system. Figure 1 and Figure 2The TBM tunnel boring rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system includes a support frame 2 for installation in the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine 1 and a microseismic monitoring system. The support frame 2 can be detachably connected by means of bolts or the like. A plurality of protective rods 3 are fixed on the support frame 2. Two protective rods 3 are set as a group, and one of the two protective rods 3 in the same group is set as a winding rod 31, and the other protective rod 3 is set as a stretching rod 32. The protective rods 3 are all rotatably connected to the support frame 2. The plurality of protective rods 3 are parallel to each other, and a shell skeleton structure is formed between the plurality of protective rods 3 and the support frame 2. A protective mechanism 4 is provided between the two protective rods 3 in the same group. The protective mechanism 4 is used to block the gap between the two protective rods 3 in the same group and to block the support frame 2 away from the tunnel boring machine 1 to block rock fragments generated by rockburst. The tunnel boring machine 1 is also provided with an early warning mechanism, which is used to issue an early warning message when a rockburst occurs to serve as a warning. The microseismic monitoring system is connected to the protection mechanism 4 and the early warning mechanism for real-time collection of rockburst microseismic data. When a rockburst occurs in the rock mass, the microseismic monitoring system sends a control signal to the protection mechanism 4 and the early warning mechanism to enable the protection mechanism 4 and the early warning mechanism to operate.

[0059] When the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress, indicating that a rockburst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the protection mechanism 4. In response to the signal, the protection mechanism 4 quickly forms a closed structure between the two protection rods 3 in the same group, and at the same time blocks the gap on the side of the support frame 2 away from the tunnel boring machine 1 to block the rock fragments produced by the rockburst. Then, after receiving the control signal from the microseismic monitoring system, the early warning mechanism immediately issues an early warning message, such as an audible and visual alarm, to remind construction workers that the risk of rockburst is high and ensure that personnel can quickly evacuate to a safe area.

[0060] When a rock burst occurs, the shell skeleton structure composed of the protection mechanism 4 and the support frame 2 can effectively absorb the impact force of the rock burst fragments, protecting the workers in the segment assembly area from being easily injured. After the rock burst, the protection mechanism 4 is restored to its initial state under the control of the microseismic monitoring system, ensuring a clear view of the operating area and facilitating subsequent inspections and construction by construction personnel.

[0061] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The protective mechanism 4 includes a protective net 41 with one end fixedly wound around the reeling rod 31, and a traction rope 42 with one end wrapped around the stretching rod 32 and the other end connected to one end of the protective net 41. Multiple traction ropes 42 are provided, evenly spaced along the length of the protective rod 3. A locking assembly 43 is provided between the protective net 41 and the stretching rod 32. This locking assembly 43 is used to secure the end of the protective net 41 away from the reeling rod 31 to the side of the stretching rod 32. Both the reeling rod 31 and the stretching rod 32 are equipped with a self-locking rotation assembly 44 for driving the reeling rod 31 and the stretching rod 32 to rotate. Multiple auxiliary struts 45 are also provided between two protective rods 3 in the same group. Both ends of the auxiliary struts 45 are fixedly connected to the support frame 2 and are evenly distributed along an arc. The auxiliary struts 45 are used to strengthen the connection between the protective rod 3 and the support frame 2. The even distribution of the auxiliary struts 45 along the arc ensures more uniform stress distribution and facilitates pressure relief in the protective structure during a rockburst. A protective gate 46 is hingedly connected to the support frame 2 near the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine 1. A drive device 47 is provided between the protective gate 46 and the support frame 2. The drive device 47 is connected to the microseismic monitoring system and is used to receive a control signal to close the protective gate 46. For example, the drive device 47 can be a motor provided at one end of the hinge shaft of the protective gate 46.

[0062] In the non-rockburst warning state, the protective net 41 is reeled in by the reeling rod 31 and is in a reeled state to keep the field of vision in the operating area unobstructed. When the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress, indicating that a rockburst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the protection mechanism 4. After the self-locking rotating assembly 44 on the reeling rod 31 and the stretching rod 32 receives the control signal, the reeling rod 31 starts to rotate in the opposite direction to unfold the protective net 41. At the same time, the stretching rod 32 rotates forward, and the protective net 41 is pulled away from one end of the reeling rod 31 by the traction rope 42 until the protective net 41 is fully unfolded and fixed to one side of the stretching rod 32. After the protective net 41 is fully unfolded, the locking assembly 43 fixes the end of the protective net 41 away from the reeling rod 31 to the side of the stretching rod 32, ensuring that the protective net 41 can firmly block the gap between the two adjacent protective rods 3 when a rockburst occurs.

[0063] When a rock burst occurs, the shell skeleton structure composed of the protective net 41 and the support frame 2 can effectively absorb the impact force of the rock burst fragments and protect the workers in the segment assembly area. After the rock burst, the self-locking rotating assembly 44 on the winding rod 31 and the stretching rod 32 receives the control signal again, the winding rod 31 rotates forward, and the stretching rod 32 rotates reversely to reel the protective net 41 back to its initial state, restoring the field of view of the operation area. At the same time, in the non-rock burst warning state, the protective gate 46 is in the open state to ensure the normal construction and personnel entry and exit of the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine 1. When the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress and indicates that a rock burst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the drive device 47. After receiving the control signal, the drive device 47 drives the protective gate 46 to close quickly, forming a closed protective space to block the lateral impact of rock burst fragments and protect the workers in the segment assembly area.

[0064] For example, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The self-locking rotating assembly 44 includes a worm gear 441 fixedly mounted on the protective rod 3, a worm 442 rotatably connected to the support frame 2, and the worm gear 441 and the worm 442 are meshed with each other. A driving motor 443 is provided at one end of the worm 442.

[0065] When the protective rod 3 is driven to rotate by the self-locking rotating component 44, the driving motor 443 is first started after receiving the control signal, driving the worm 442 to rotate, and the worm 442 drives the worm wheel 441 to rotate, and then the worm wheel 441 can drive the protective rod 3 (winding rod 31 or stretching rod 32) fixed to it to rotate; when the worm wheel 441 and worm 442 assembly on the stretching rod 32 drives the stretching rod 32 to rotate forward, and the worm wheel 441 and worm 442 assembly on the winding rod 31 drives the winding rod 31 to rotate reversely, the protective net 41 can be pulled away from one end of the winding rod 31 by the traction rope 42 until the protective net 41 is fully unfolded and fixed to one side of the stretching rod 32, and the protective net 41 can be unfolded.

[0066] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The locking assembly 43 includes a locking housing 431, which is positioned between the reeling rod 31 and the stretching rod 32 and fixed to the side of the support frame 2 near the stretching rod 32. The traction rope 42 extends through the locking housing 431. Two locking rods 432 are symmetrically connected to the interior of the locking housing 431 for sliding movement. An electric telescopic rod 433 is disposed between the locking rods 432 and the locking housing 431. Multiple springs 434 are also disposed between the locking rods 432 and the locking housing 431. The springs 434 are always compressed and provide a force for the two locking rods 432 to move toward each other. A guide angle 4321 is provided on the side of the two locking rods 432 that is closer to each other and away from the stretching rod 32. The guide angle 4321 is used to facilitate the insertion of a locking block 435 between the two locking rods 432. A locking block 435 is fixedly attached to the end of the protective net 41. The locking block 435 is fixedly connected to the traction rope 42 and can be snapped into place between the two locking rods 432.

[0067] In the non-rockburst warning state, the locking rod 432 is in the initial position inside the locking shell 431, the locking block 435 is not engaged with the locking rod 432, and the protective net 41 remains in the retracted state; when the protective net 41 is fully unfolded, the traction rope 42 drives the locking block 435 to move to the inside of the locking shell 431. At this time, the electric telescopic rod 433 drives the two locking rods 432 to move toward the center until the two locking rods 432 are engaged with the two sides of the locking block 435, and the protective net 41 is fixed to one side of the stretching rod 32.

[0068] After the rock burst, the electric telescopic rod 433 drives the two locking rods 432 to move to both sides, releasing the locking block 435. When the locking block 435 is clamped between the two locking rods 432, the spring 434 always applies a thrust to the locking rod 432. The force exerted by the spring 434 enables the two locking rods 432 to be more tightly clamped to both sides of the locking block 435. Even under the strong impact caused by the rock burst, the locking rod 432 is not easily displaced, thereby improving the stability of the locking structure.

[0069] The early warning mechanism includes an audible and visual alarm device and a communication device. The audible and visual alarm device is connected to the microseismic monitoring system and is used to issue audible and visual warnings after receiving control signals. The communication device is connected to the control center of the tunnel boring machine 1 and is used to exchange information with the control center.

[0070] The microseismic monitoring system monitors the microseismic signals inside the rock mass in real time. Once a rockburst precursor is detected, a control signal is immediately generated. After receiving the control signal from the microseismic monitoring system, the sound and light alarm device immediately activates the sound and light alarm, issuing a strong sound and light warning to remind on-site workers to pay attention to the risk of rockburst. The communication device maintains a real-time connection with the control center of the tunnel boring machine 1 for two-way information exchange. The control center adjusts the tunneling parameters or initiates protective measures based on the early warning information.

[0071] The implementation principle of a comprehensive rock burst prevention and control system for TBM tunnel boring in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when the microseismic monitoring system detects a change in rock stress, indicating that a rock burst may be about to occur, it will immediately send a control signal to the protection mechanism 4. The protection mechanism 4 responds to the signal and quickly forms a closed structure between the two protection rods 3 in the same group, while blocking the gap between the support frame 2 and the side of the tunnel boring machine 1 to block the rock fragments produced by the rock burst. Then, after receiving the control signal from the microseismic monitoring system, the early warning mechanism immediately issues an early warning message, such as an audible and visual alarm, to remind construction personnel that the risk of rock burst is high, ensuring that personnel can quickly evacuate to a safe area. When a rock burst occurs, the shell skeleton structure composed of the protection mechanism 4 and the support frame 2 can It can effectively absorb the impact of rock burst fragments and protect the workers in the segment assembly area from being injured. After the rock burst, the protection mechanism 4 is restored to its initial state under the control of the microseismic monitoring system, ensuring a clear view of the operating area and facilitating subsequent inspections and construction by construction personnel. Real-time monitoring and early warning, combined with the rapid response of the protection mechanism 4, can effectively protect the safety of construction personnel and reduce the impact of rock burst disasters on tunnel construction. The protection mechanism 4 remains open in the non-rock burst state, ensuring a clear view of the operating area and not affecting construction efficiency. Through the coordinated role of the microseismic monitoring system, the protection mechanism 4 and the early warning mechanism, intelligent rock burst prevention and control is realized, and the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and protection are improved.

[0072] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for TBM tunneling, characterized by: include: A support frame (2) is used for being detachably mounted on a segment assembly area of ​​a tunnel boring machine (1); A protective rod (3) is fixed to the support frame (2), and a plurality of protective rods (3) are provided, with two forming a group, and a shell skeleton structure is formed between the plurality of protective rods (3) and the support frame (2); A protection mechanism (4) is provided between two protection bars (3) in the same group, and is used to block the gap between the two protection bars (3) in the same group and to block the support frame (2) away from the side of the tunnel boring machine (1), so as to block rock fragments generated by rock burst; An early warning mechanism is provided on the tunnel boring machine (1) and is used to issue early warning information when a rock burst occurs to serve as a warning; A microseismic monitoring system is connected to the protection mechanism (4) and the early warning mechanism and is used to collect rock burst microseismic data in real time. When a rock burst occurs in the rock mass, the microseismic monitoring system sends a control signal to the protection mechanism (4) and the early warning mechanism to enable the protection mechanism (4) and the early warning mechanism to operate; One of the two protection rods (3) in the same group is set as a winding rod (31), and the other protection rod (3) is set as a stretching rod (32), and the protection rods (3) are both rotatably connected to the support frame (2); The protection mechanism (4) comprises: A protective net (41) with one end fixedly wound onto the reeling rod (31); A traction rope (42), one end of which is wound around the stretching rod (32) and the other end of which is connected to one end of the protective net (41); A locking assembly (43) is provided between the protective net (41) and the stretching rod (32) and is used to fix the end of the protective net (41) away from the reeling rod (31) to one side of the stretching rod (32); Wherein, the winding rod (31) and the stretching rod (32) are both provided with a self-locking rotating assembly (44) for driving the winding rod (31) and the stretching rod (32) to rotate; The self-locking rotation assembly (44) comprises: A worm gear (441) is fixedly mounted on the protective rod (3); A worm (442) is rotatably connected to the support frame (2), and the worm wheel (441) and the worm (442) are meshed with each other; A driving motor (443) is provided at one end of the worm (442); The locking assembly (43) comprises: A locking housing (431) is disposed between the reeling rod (31) and the stretching rod (32), and is fixed to a side of the support frame (2) close to the stretching rod (32), and the traction rope (42) passes through the locking housing (431); There are two locking rods (432), and the two locking rods (432) are symmetrically slidably connected to the interior of the locking housing (431); An electric telescopic rod (433) is arranged between the locking rod (432) and the locking housing (431); The locking block (435) is fixedly arranged at the end of the protective net (41), the locking block (435) is fixedly connected to the traction rope (42), and the locking block (435) can be clamped between the two locking rods (432).

2. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of springs (434) are provided between the locking rod (432) and the locking housing (431); the springs (434) are always in a compressed state and impart a force to the two locking rods (432) to move closer to each other.

3. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chamfer (4321) is provided on one side of the two locking rods (432) that is close to each other and away from the stretching rod (32).

4. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective gate (46) is also hingedly connected to one side of the support frame (2) near the segment assembly area of ​​the tunnel boring machine (1). A driving device (47) is provided between the protective gate (46) and the support frame (2). The driving device (47) is connected to a microseismic monitoring system and is used to close the protective gate (46) after receiving a control signal.

5. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of auxiliary support rods (45) are provided between two protection rods (3) in the same group. Both ends of the auxiliary support rods (45) are fixedly connected to the support frame (2). The plurality of auxiliary support rods (45) are evenly distributed along an arc.

6. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the traction ropes (42) is set to be multiple, and the multiple traction ropes (42) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the protection rod (3).

7. A TBM tunneling rockburst comprehensive prevention and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The early warning agencies include: The sound and light alarm device is connected to the microseismic monitoring system and is used to issue sound and light warnings after receiving control signals; The communication device is connected to the control center of the tunnel boring machine (1) and is used for exchanging information with the control center.

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