Control method, device and medium for cooling rate of concrete dam by water

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of concrete dams, and mainly to a method, device and medium for controlling the cooling rate of water cooling of concrete dams, including: when the current average temperature of the cast block in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition, the target age is determined according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the concrete dam and the current average temperature; according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies are determined using a first mapping relationship; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analysis under the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate; the target cooling strategy is determined from multiple candidate cooling strategies, and the concrete dam is controlled for water cooling according to the target cooling strategy. Through the embodiments of the present application, quality problems caused by changes in water flow rate during the control of concrete water cooling can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of concrete dams, and mainly to a method, device and medium for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water. Background Art

[0002] In order to prevent temperature cracks from occurring during the construction period of concrete dams, a variety of engineering measures are usually used to control the temperature of concrete dams. Among them, water cooling is the most effective temperature control measure for concrete dams. Since the concrete dam is cast in sections and blocks, each casting block needs to be cooled by water in stages. The staged water cooling of concrete dams can include initial, mid-term, and late-term water cooling. The initial water flow is mainly to control the maximum temperature of the concrete; the mid-term water flow is intended to further reduce the temperature of the concrete and reduce the temperature difference between the inside and outside; the late cooling is mainly to reduce the temperature of the concrete to a quasi-stable temperature. During the cooling process at each stage, when the temperature drop rate of the concrete is large, the temperature stress increment is correspondingly large, which can easily cause the tensile temperature stress of the concrete to exceed the allowable tensile stress of the concrete, resulting in concrete cracking. Therefore, during the cooling process of the concrete at each stage, the cooling rate of the concrete must be controlled.

[0003] In actual engineering, temperature measuring instruments are buried in concrete to monitor the temperature changes of concrete, thereby realizing feedback control of the concrete temperature. However, on the one hand, both the temperature measurement and the water flow rate regulation process require a certain amount of time; on the other hand, the thermal conductivity of concrete itself is small and the heat conduction speed is slow. These factors lead to a certain lag in the feedback control of concrete temperature. For such scenarios, in related technologies, the cooling rate of concrete is controlled by adjusting the water flow rate. Since the feedback control of the concrete temperature of each casting block is based on the average temperature of multiple temperature measuring instruments in the casting block, frequent and significant changes in the water flow rate or interruption of water flow within a certain period of time will cause drastic changes in local temperature (such as around the cooling water pipe), resulting in excessive growth of local temperature stress, which has an adverse effect on concrete crack prevention.

[0004] Therefore, how to avoid frequent and drastic changes in water flow or interruption of water flow within a certain period of time, which will cause drastic changes in local temperature (such as around cooling water pipes), resulting in excessively rapid growth of local temperature stress in concrete and causing safety hazards, remains an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of this application is to propose a method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow, so as to solve or at least partially solve the problems in the related art. The second purpose of this application is to provide a device for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow, and the third purpose of this application is to provide a medium.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0007] A method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water, comprising:

[0008] Detect whether the current average temperature of the cast blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition;

[0009] When the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determining a target age of the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, the current age of the cast blocks and the current average temperature;

[0010] According to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, a first mapping relationship is used to determine multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age; the candidate cooling strategies include: the candidate cooling water temperatures and the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analysis under the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate;

[0011] A target cooling strategy is determined from the plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and water cooling is controlled for the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0012] Optionally, the first mapping relationship is established in the following steps based on the superposition principle and taking into account the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and boundary conditions:

[0013] In the absence of water cooling, a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is established according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface; a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of each cast block in the concrete dam is established according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise; a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside temperature is established according to the average temperature, the minimum temperature, the variation range and the variation period of the outside temperature;

[0014] In the case of water cooling, a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block of concrete in the concrete dam and the cooling parameter is established according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate;

[0015] The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship, and the fifth mapping relationship.

[0016] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0017] When the cooling parameter changes, adjusting the fifth mapping relationship according to the changed cooling parameter;

[0018] The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

[0019] Optionally, the determining, based on the target age, the preset target temperature and the multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, using a first mapping relationship, multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age includes:

[0020] Obtaining a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age;

[0021] The water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature is determined according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

[0022] Optionally, when the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determining a target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature includes:

[0023] When the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold, determining a difference between the current average temperature and the preset target temperature;

[0024] Divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature;

[0025] The sum of the cooling time and the current age is determined as the target age.

[0026] Optionally, determining a target cooling strategy from a plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and controlling water cooling of cast blocks in a concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy, includes:

[0027] Determining the comprehensive benefits of each of the candidate cooling strategies;

[0028] Determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy;

[0029] The water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is controlled according to the target cooling strategy.

[0030] Optionally, before determining multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age using the first mapping relationship according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, the method further includes:

[0031] Establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time;

[0032] According to the temperature process curve, the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship are calibrated; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

[0033] A device for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow, the device comprising:

[0034] A detection module, used to detect whether the current average temperature of the cast blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition;

[0035] A first determination module is used to determine the target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature when the current average temperature reaches the preset threshold condition;

[0036] A second determination module is used to determine, based on the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age using a first mapping relationship; the candidate cooling strategies include: the candidate cooling water temperatures and the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analysis under a one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate;

[0037] The control module is used to determine a target cooling strategy from a plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and to control water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0038] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0039] The first mapping relationship determination module is used to consider the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and the boundary conditions, based on the superposition principle, in the absence of the influence of water cooling, according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam, and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface, establish a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast block in the concrete dam; according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise, establish a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block in the concrete dam; according to the average temperature, the lowest temperature, the variation amplitude and the variation cycle of the outside temperature, establish a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside temperature; in the presence of the influence of water cooling, according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships, establish a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block in the concrete dam, and the cooling parameters; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate; the first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the fifth mapping relationship.

[0040] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0041] an adjusting module, configured to adjust the fifth mapping relationship according to the changed cooling parameter when the cooling parameter changes;

[0042] The first mapping relationship sub-determination module is used to determine the first mapping relationship according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

[0043] Optionally, the second determining module includes:

[0044] a sixth mapping relationship determination module, configured to obtain a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age;

[0045] The water flow rate determination module is used to determine the water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

[0046] Optionally, the first determining module includes:

[0047] a temperature difference determination module, configured to determine a difference between the current average temperature and the preset target temperature when the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold;

[0048] A cooling time determination module, configured to divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature;

[0049] The target age determination module is used to determine the sum of the cooling time and the current age as the target age.

[0050] Optionally, the control module includes:

[0051] A first control submodule, used to determine the comprehensive benefits of each candidate cooling strategy;

[0052] A second control submodule is used to determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy;

[0053] The third control submodule is used to control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0054] Optionally, the device further comprises:

[0055] The data acquisition module is used to establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time;

[0056] A correction module is used to calibrate the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship according to the temperature process curve; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

[0057] A non-volatile storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned concrete dam water cooling rate control method.

[0058] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0059] In the present application, by detecting whether the current average temperature of the cast blocks in the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition; when the current average temperature of the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition, the target age of the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature is determined according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the cast blocks in the concrete dam and the current average temperature; thus, the target age can be determined according to the cooling rate specified by the user; according to the target age and the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies are determined using the first mapping relationship; the candidate cooling strategies include: candidate cooling water temperatures and water flow rates corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is a one-dimensional temperature of the concrete dam The first mapping relationship obtained by off-field analysis is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate. The first mapping relationship can be regarded as the analytical solution of the total temperature field of the entire concrete dam under the comprehensive influence of various influencing factors. After analyzing the various parameters of the target age from the temperature at the current age to the target temperature, there are only two unknowns in the first mapping relationship: cooling water temperature and water flow rate. At this time, a candidate cooling water temperature is substituted to obtain the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperature, thereby obtaining candidate cooling strategies corresponding to multiple candidate cooling water temperatures; determine the target cooling strategy from multiple candidate cooling strategies, and control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy. In this way, according to the stable cooling rate specified by the user, the water cooling control strategy can be quickly determined, and the water cooling control can be smoothly performed, thereby avoiding safety hazards during the water cooling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water in one embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layered pouring of the concrete dam described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the average temperature of the outside air temperature in one embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of temperature changes of the outside air temperature in one embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooling range of the water pipe described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the target age described in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of the concrete dam water cooling rate control device described in one embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Among them, 600 is a concrete dam water cooling and temperature reduction rate control device, 601 is a detection module, 602 is a first determination module, 603 is a second determination module, and 604 is a control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will describe the implementation methods of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present application, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0070] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present application, the method for controlling the cooling rate of the concrete dam through water can be performed according to the following steps:

[0071] Step S101, detecting whether the current average temperature of the casting blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition.

[0072] Specifically, the preset threshold condition of the temperature is that the current average temperature is the preset threshold of the temperature. The preset threshold can be a temperature value determined in the relevant temperature control construction technology and requiring water cooling intervention. During each concrete pouring process, multiple temperature measuring instruments are buried at different elevations to monitor the real-time temperature changes of the concrete dam. According to the pre-buried temperature measuring instruments, the current average temperature of the concrete dam can be determined. When the current average temperature of the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold, water cooling is required to ensure the safety of the concrete dam.

[0073] Step S102, when the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determine the target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature.

[0074] Specifically, the hydropower industry specifications stipulate the cooling rate of water cooling at each stage of concrete dams. For example, the "Specifications for Temperature Control Design of Concrete Dams" (NB / T 35092-2017) requires that "the maximum daily temperature drop of concrete during initial water cooling should not exceed 1°C, and the average daily temperature drop should not exceed 0.6°C"; "the maximum daily temperature drop of concrete during mid-term water cooling should not exceed 0.6°C, and the average daily temperature drop should not exceed 0.4°C"; "the maximum daily temperature drop of concrete during late water cooling should not exceed 0.5°C, and the average daily temperature drop should not exceed 0.3°C". The preset cooling rate is the cooling rate selected by the user within the industry specifications. The preset target temperature can be the quasi-stable temperature of concrete in the industry specifications, which is equivalent to a low value within the safe temperature range of the concrete dam. Due to the low thermal conductivity, it takes a long time to heat up from the preset target temperature to the temperature threshold, so that the dam is within a safe range and does not need frequent water cooling control. The age of the cast block refers to the time after the concrete is poured, usually calculated in hours and days. According to the preset cooling rate specified by the user, the target age for reducing the current temperature to the target temperature can be obtained accordingly, so that the temperature of the cast block of the concrete dam can be reduced to a safe range at the target age at a stable preset cooling rate.

[0075] Step S103, according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, using a first mapping relationship, determine multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age.

[0076] Among them, the candidate cooling strategies include: candidate cooling water temperatures and water flow rates corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the correspondence between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate.

[0077] Specifically, the first mapping relationship is obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam. By analyzing the single dam section of the concrete dam as a one-dimensional temperature field, the analytical solution of the overall temperature field of the concrete dam can be obtained. After the target age is determined by the current age, the current average temperature, and the preset target temperature, the first mapping relationship is substituted to obtain an equation in which only the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate are unknown. Therefore, the first mapping relationship can be used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature, and the water flow rate.

[0078] In a feasible implementation, under the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, considering the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and the boundary conditions, based on the superposition principle, the above first mapping relationship is established in the following steps:

[0079] In the absence of water cooling, a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is established according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface; a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of each cast block in the concrete dam is established according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise; a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside temperature is established according to the average temperature, the minimum temperature, the variation range and the variation period of the outside temperature;

[0080] In the case of water cooling, a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block of concrete in the concrete dam and the cooling parameter is established according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate;

[0081] The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship, and the fifth mapping relationship.

[0082] Specifically, concrete dams are usually constructed in layers. The thickness of each layer of concrete blocks is generally no more than 3.0m, while the plane size is usually more than 20.0m, which is much larger than the thickness of the blocks. To a certain extent, the temperature field formed by the bottom-up pouring of a single dam section of the concrete dam can be regarded as a one-dimensional temperature field, that is, ignoring the temperature change of the concrete block in the horizontal direction, it is considered that the temperature of each dam section mainly changes in the vertical direction. Therefore, the one-dimensional temperature field of a single dam section can be solved:

[0083] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layered pouring of the concrete dam described in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 middle, and are the top and bottom heights of the i-th layer of concrete casting blocks (with the height of the foundation surface as 0); and are the top and bottom heights of the concrete blocks of the kth layer (k is the highest layer). Figure 2 The pouring process shown, when water cooling is not considered, assumes:

[0084] ① The top layer of concrete is the kth layer, and the initial temperature during pouring is , pouring time (date) is The formula for adiabatic temperature rise of hydration heat is:

[0085] (a.1)

[0086] In formula (a.1), is the adiabatic temperature rise of the kth layer of concrete, and are the maximum adiabatic temperature rise (°C) and the corresponding attenuation coefficient (1 / d) of the kth layer of concrete, respectively. is the age of the kth layer of concrete (d), and e is the base of the exponential function.

[0087] ② When the top layer (kth layer) is poured, the i-th layer ( The average temperature of concrete is .

[0088] ③ i-th layer Concrete pouring time (date) is , then after the top layer (kth layer) of concrete is poured, The adiabatic temperature rise increment of the hydration heat of the concrete layer is

[0089] (a.2)

[0090] In formula (a.2), For the After pouring the first layer of concrete The adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete layer, and are the maximum adiabatic temperature rise (°C) and the corresponding attenuation coefficient (1 / d) of the i-th layer of concrete, respectively. , The time interval between pouring two adjacent layers of concrete.

[0091] ④ Considering that the initial temperature of bedrock is close to the annual average temperature, the temperature change of the bottom concrete is also around the annual average temperature, and the bedrock temperature has limited influence on the upper concrete temperature. To simplify the calculation, the foundation surface (the contact surface between the bottom concrete and the bedrock) is assumed to be an adiabatic boundary.

[0092] The concrete dam layer pouring process, such as Figure 2 As shown, the temperature control of different casting blocks is not synchronized.

[0093] Considering the linear nature of the heat conduction equation and boundary conditions, for a layered concrete dam, the top layer (the Layer) Concrete pouring layer( ) The concrete temperature field can be decomposed into the following three cases:

[0094] Case 1: Initial temperature: ; Adiabatic temperature rise: 0; Outside temperature: 0;

[0095] Case 2: Initial temperature: 0; Adiabatic temperature rise: ; Outside temperature: Outside temperature: 0;

[0096] Case 3: Initial temperature: 0; Adiabatic temperature rise: 0; Outside temperature: .

[0097] Specifically, step a.1: solving the temperature field caused by the initial temperature for case 1, that is, the steps of establishing the second mapping relationship are as follows:

[0098] The differential equations and boundary conditions corresponding to case 1 are

[0099] (a.3)

[0100] In formula (a.3), For the The overall temperature field formed by the temperature of the concrete layer is the coordinate and Layer concrete age function. and are the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of concrete respectively (considering that the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of concretes of different grades are not much different, in order to simplify the calculation, when there are multiple types of concrete, the average value is taken), is the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface.

[0101] The analytical solution of formula (a.3) is:

[0102] (a.4)

[0103] In formula (a.4), is the root of the following transcendental equation, which can be solved by looking up the table.

[0104] (a.5)

[0105] Sum the temperature fields of each layer of concrete to obtain the temperature field caused by the initial temperature of each layer of concrete :

[0106] (a.6)

[0107] In order to prevent the concrete temperature from changing suddenly at the junction of two adjacent time periods,

[0108] (a.7)

[0109] Specifically, step a.2: solving the temperature field caused by adiabatic temperature rise for situation 2, that is, the steps of establishing the third mapping relationship are as follows:

[0110] The differential equations and boundary conditions corresponding to Case 2 are:

[0111] (a.8)

[0112] The analytical solution of formula (a.8) is

[0113] (a.9)

[0114] In the formula, is the root of formula (a.5).

[0115] Sum the temperature fields of each layer of concrete and get the sum of the temperature fields of each layer of concrete :

[0116] (a.10)

[0117] Formula (a.10) is the top layer ( After the first layer of concrete is poured, the temperature field formed by the adiabatic temperature rise increment of each layer of concrete below. When considering the complete adiabatic temperature rise process of each layer of poured blocks, formula (a.10) needs to be superimposed. That is, the temperature field formed by the adiabatic temperature rise increment :

[0118] (a.11)

[0119] Specifically, step a.3: solving the temperature field caused by the air temperature for situation 3, that is, the steps of establishing the fourth mapping relationship are as follows:

[0120] Reference Figure 3a and Figure 3b , Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the average temperature of the outside air temperature in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3b Schematic diagram of the temperature change of the outside air temperature in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown in Figure 3, the outside temperature changes periodically. Case 3 is the overall temperature field that only considers the change of the outside temperature, which can be regarded as the superposition of the constant average temperature and the temperature change. Therefore, the temperature field caused by the outside temperature can be expressed as:

[0121] (a.12)

[0122] In formula (a.12), is the average temperature; is the temperature change range; is the temperature change cycle; is the age of the uppermost concrete layer; It is the time interval from the lowest temperature to the pouring of the top layer of concrete.

[0123] make , , .

[0124] Right now is the average temperature, For temperature changes.

[0125] (1) When the outside temperature When , the corresponding differential equation and boundary conditions are

[0126] (a.13)

[0127] The analytical solution of equation (a.13) is obtained (i.e. the temperature field when the external temperature is the average temperature) for:

[0128] (a.14)

[0129] (2) The change in the external temperature of the top concrete block is expressed as When the top concrete block is When the outside temperature changes, it can be expressed as The top layer of concrete is The corresponding differential equations and boundary conditions are:

[0130] (a.15)

[0131] The analytical solution of formula (a.15) (i.e. the temperature field of the external temperature change) for:

[0132]

[0133]

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] (a.16)

[0138] In formula (a.16), is the time variable.

[0139] When the complete temperature change is considered, in the uppermost layer ( Temperature field caused by air temperature after pouring of concrete for

[0140] (a.17)

[0141] In the entire dam section, when the top layer is When the layer is When the temperature field of the concrete block is affected, the Replace with .

[0142] When considering the entire time process, the temperature field caused by air temperature The temperature fields of each time period need to be superimposed, that is

[0143] (a.18)

[0144] Specifically, step a.4: considering the influence of water cooling, the temperature field solution of water cooling and adiabatic temperature rise, that is, the steps of establishing the fifth mapping relationship, are as follows:

[0145] Concrete dams generally use water cooling for temperature control. The above solution to the one-dimensional temperature field of a single dam section of a concrete dam takes into account the initial temperature, adiabatic temperature rise and external temperature changes, but does not consider the impact of water cooling.

[0146] At present, the influence of water cooling on the temperature field of concrete dam is considered as a whole. The equivalent negative heat source method in related technologies is mainly used. This method equates the water cooling effect to a uniform heat sink and superimposes it with the hydration heat of concrete. Under the combined effect of water cooling and adiabatic temperature rise of concrete, the average temperature of concrete within the cooling range of the cooling water pipe column can be expressed as:

[0147] (a.19)

[0148] In the formula, is the average temperature of the concrete cylinder in adiabatic state when water cooling and adiabatic temperature rise of concrete are considered simultaneously (℃); and are time (d) and concrete age (d), respectively; and (℃) and initial concrete temperature (℃); is the adiabatic temperature rise function, and are the maximum adiabatic temperature rise of concrete (°C) and the corresponding attenuation coefficient (1 / d), respectively; is the water cooling function; is the thermal conductivity of concrete (m 2 / d); and are the thermal conductivity of concrete and cooling water pipe, respectively (kJ / (m·d·℃)); is the length of the water pipe (m); , , They are the specific heat (kJ / (kg·℃)), density (kg / m3), and flow rate (m 3 / d); and are the horizontal spacing (m) and vertical spacing (m) between adjacent cooling water pipes in concrete, respectively. is the radius of the cylindrical cooling range centered on the water pipe (m), is the outer radius of the water pipe (m), is the inner radius of the water pipe (m), is a flow-related dimensionless parameter, is the ratio of the thermal conductivity of concrete to the thermal conductivity of the cooling water pipe, These are water cooling parameters.

[0149] Cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate; water pipe parameters include: the radius of the cylindrical cooling range centered on the water pipe, the outer radius of the water pipe, the inner radius of the water pipe, and the length and thermal conductivity of the cooling water pipe.

[0150] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling range of the water pipe in one embodiment of the present application. A specific analysis is performed based on the relevant parameters of the water pipe buried in the concrete dam.

[0151] From (a.19), we can get:

[0152] (a.20)

[0153] In (a.20), e is the base of the exponential function. Assuming that the water cooling starts at the same time as the concrete heat release, the time Can be replaced by concrete age ,have

[0154] (a.21)

[0155] When only the adiabatic temperature rise of concrete is considered,

[0156] (a.22)

[0157] Comparing the structures of formula (a.21) and formula (a.22), we can It is regarded as the superposition of the following two adiabatic temperature rises.

[0158] (a.23)

[0159] Knowable , Since the calculation uses the differential form, construct It has no effect on the calculation results.

[0160] Using formula (a.9), we get After the first layer of concrete blocks is poured, The concrete temperature field caused by the cooling water flow and adiabatic temperature rise effect of the layer of concrete is:

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] (a.24)

[0164] According to the assumptions, there are ,at this time and are the initial temperatures of the i-th layer of casting blocks.

[0165] Sum the temperature field of each layer of concrete, and we get

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] (a.25)

[0169] Formula (a.25) is the top layer ( After the concrete of the first layer is poured, the temperature field formed by the cooling and water flow of the following layers of concrete and the incremental adiabatic temperature rise effect. When considering the complete water flow cooling and adiabatic temperature rise process of each layer of poured blocks, it is necessary to superimpose equation (a.25). That is, the temperature field formed by the incremental cooling and water flow and adiabatic temperature rise effect is obtained. :

[0170] (a.26)

[0171] a.5 Solution of the overall temperature field of concrete dam

[0172] From the analytical solutions of the above cases, the overall temperature field considering the initial temperature of each layer of concrete blocks, adiabatic temperature rise, water cooling, and air temperature change is obtained as follows:

[0173] (a.27)

[0174] In formula (a.27), , , The expressions are formula (a.6), formula (a.26), and formula (a.18) respectively.

[0175] In order to reduce the calculation error, the following method is also used in the analysis

[0176] (1) When using formula (a.6), formula (a.10), and formula (a.25) to calculate the temperature increment in each period under the conditions of initial temperature, adiabatic temperature rise, and cooling water flow, it is only necessary to consider the influence of the temperature of each casting block on the temperature of the upper and lower adjacent casting blocks;

[0177] (2) When the calculation includes When calculating the formula for the term (upper and lower adjacent) values. When the value is less than 0, it is replaced by 0.

[0178] (3) When using equations (a.14) and (a.16) to calculate the effect of air temperature on concrete temperature, only the top layer and the next layer (the Layer and layer, ) Affected by temperature, The temperature of the concrete blocks below the layer is not affected by the air temperature. Layer and When the temperature increment of the concrete block in the layer is less than 0, it is replaced by 0.

[0179] b. Temperature field after cooling water temperature and water flow rate are adjusted

[0180] At different stages of water cooling of concrete casting blocks, different cooling rates need to be adopted to cope with different concrete strength increases, and the cooling water temperature or water flow rate will change.

[0181] b.1 Change cooling water temperature or water flow

[0182] Assume that the age of the concrete block is The concrete temperature is , at this time, the cooling rate can be controlled by adjusting the water flow rate or cooling water temperature. Assume that the cooling water temperature becomes , the water flow rate becomes , the corresponding water cooling parameters are given by becomes According to formula (a.19), the average temperature of concrete within the cylindrical cooling range is for:

[0183]

[0184] (b.1)

[0185] have

[0186]

[0187] (b.2)

[0188] From formula (a.9), we can get After the first layer of concrete blocks is poured, layer After the concrete changes the water flow rate and cooling water temperature, the concrete temperature field caused by the cooling water flow and adiabatic temperature rise effect increment for:

[0189]

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] (b.3)

[0193] Use formula (a.27) to calculate the overall temperature field of the concrete dam. During the process, the sth layer of concrete (elevation range ) at time Before (including time, For the The temperature field of the first layer of concrete pouring time) is calculated using formula (a.24), The subsequent temperature field is calculated using equation (b.3).

[0194] b.2 Stop cooling water supply

[0195] After the concrete dam casting blocks are cooled by water in the later stage, the temperature of the concrete dam reaches a quasi-stable temperature and the water cooling stops. At this time, although the cement hydration reaction in the concrete has released most of the hydration heat, with the large-scale use of fly ash in concrete dam projects in recent years, the heating of the concrete is delayed, and the residual hydration heat in the later stage causes the dam body temperature to rise. It is necessary to consider the temperature change after the concrete water cooling is completed.

[0196] Assume that the age of the concrete block is The concrete temperature is At this time, water cooling is stopped and the corresponding water cooling parameters are becomes 0 (i.e. ). According to formula (b.1), the average temperature of concrete within the cylindrical cooling range is for

[0197] (b.4)

[0198] have:

[0199] (b.5)

[0200] After the water cooling is stopped, the concrete only has residual hydration heat. At this time, the temperature field of the concrete dam caused by the adiabatic temperature rise increment can be calculated using equations (a.9) to (a.11), and the specific calculation method is similar to that of b.1.

[0201] It should be noted that in the temperature field caused by the analysis of the temperature in step a.3 above, the temperature change period in equations (a.12)-(a.18) is capitalized. ; In the temperature field caused by water cooling, the water cooling parameters in equations (a.19)-(a.26) and equations b.1 to b.5 are lowercase .

[0202] In this embodiment, under one-dimensional temperature field analysis, the temperature field caused by the initial temperature of each layer of concrete blocks, adiabatic temperature rise, water cooling, and air temperature changes are comprehensively considered to obtain the overall temperature field of the concrete dam. Based on this, it is convenient to analyze the temperature field of the concrete dam, thereby quickly obtaining the required water cooling solution.

[0203] After determining the target age of the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature based on the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the concrete dam and the current average temperature, the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperature can be determined based on the first mapping relationship obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam. At this time, the concrete age when the preset temperature threshold is reached is , with the preset threshold of concrete temperature as , when the temperature drops to the preset target temperature, the concrete age is , target temperature , we can get multiple groups of candidate cooling water temperatures and corresponding water flow rates.

[0204] Step S104, determining a target cooling strategy from a plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and controlling water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0205] Specifically, under the condition of the same cooling effect, the lower the cooling water temperature, the less water flow is required, but lowering the water temperature requires more resources: such as the electrical energy resources and time resources required to reduce the water flow to the cooling temperature. Extracting the corresponding amount of cooling water to maintain the water flow also requires certain resources. The greater the water flow, the greater the cost, and the higher the cooling water temperature, the greater the cost. Therefore, comprehensive considerations are required when determining the target water cooling control strategy.

[0206] In practical applications, the two cooling variables can be combined with the actual situation to select the target water cooling strategy for cooling control. Regardless of which candidate water cooling strategy is used, cooling control can be performed smoothly to avoid safety hazards.

[0207] In this embodiment, by detecting whether the current average temperature of the cast block in the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition; when the current average temperature of the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition, the target age of the cast block in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature is determined according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the cast block in the concrete dam and the current average temperature; thus, the target age can be determined according to the cooling rate specified by the user; according to the target age and the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies are determined using the first mapping relationship; the candidate cooling strategies include: candidate cooling water temperatures and water flow rates corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is a one-dimensional temperature relationship of the concrete dam. The first mapping relationship is obtained by analyzing the temperature field under the condition of temperature field, which is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate. The first mapping relationship can be regarded as the analytical solution of the total temperature field of the entire concrete dam under the comprehensive influence of various influencing factors. After analyzing the parameters of the target age from the temperature at the current age to the target temperature, there are only two unknowns, cooling water temperature and water flow rate, in the first mapping relationship. At this time, a candidate cooling water temperature is input to obtain the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperature, thereby obtaining candidate cooling strategies corresponding to multiple candidate cooling water temperatures; determine the target cooling strategy from the multiple candidate cooling strategies, and control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy. In this way, according to the stable cooling rate specified by the user, the water cooling control strategy can be quickly determined, and the water cooling control can be smoothly performed, thereby avoiding safety hazards during the water cooling process.

[0208] In a feasible implementation manner, before determining multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age using the first mapping relationship according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, the method further includes:

[0209] Establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time;

[0210] According to the temperature process curve, the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship are calibrated; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

[0211] Specifically, during the pouring process of each concrete block of the concrete dam, multiple temperature measuring instruments are buried at different elevations to monitor the real-time temperature changes of the concrete. A temperature process curve is obtained based on the temperature data collected by these temperature measuring instruments that change over time. In practical applications, the data in the temperature process curve may be the average temperature corresponding to a historical time point. Based on the data in the measured concrete temperature process curve, the first mapping relationship (i.e., the above expression a.27) can be used to calibrate the thermal parameters of the concrete, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, adiabatic temperature rise, etc., to obtain the accurate values ​​of the thermal parameters of the concrete dam.

[0212] In the present application, in the process of parsing and obtaining the first mapping relationship, some common indicators in thermal theory are used for calculation, so there are certain errors. In this embodiment, some thermal parameters related to the concrete dam itself are adjusted through the temperature process curve generated by the real-time measured temperature data, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of determining the water cooling strategy.

[0213] In a feasible implementation manner, determining a target cooling strategy from a plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and controlling water cooling of cast blocks in a concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy, includes:

[0214] Determining the comprehensive benefits of each of the candidate cooling strategies;

[0215] Determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy;

[0216] The water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is controlled according to the target cooling strategy.

[0217] Specifically, after determining multiple groups of candidate cooling strategies, the target cooling strategy can be selected from multiple perspectives. For example, in some scenarios, the lower the cooling water temperature, the fewer resources the strategy requires; in some scenarios, the smaller the water flow rate, the fewer resources the strategy requires. Both the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate have a certain impact on the cooling cost. In this embodiment, the comprehensive benefits of each of the candidate cooling strategies are considered to select the target cooling strategy, and the comprehensive benefits can be judged by the resources required for the execution of each cooling strategy and the actual cooling effect.

[0218] Optionally, taking the cooling water temperature in the water cooling control as a benchmark, the candidate cooling strategy with the lowest cooling water temperature is used as the target cooling strategy, thereby achieving the expected cooling effect at a low cost.

[0219] In a feasible implementation manner, when the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determining the target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature includes:

[0220] When the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold, determining a difference between the current average temperature and a preset target temperature;

[0221] Divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature;

[0222] The sum of the cooling time and the current age is determined as the target age.

[0223] Specifically, the target age of the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature is determined according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the concrete dam and the current temperature. When the current average temperature is the preset temperature threshold, the preset target temperature is first subtracted from the current average temperature to obtain the temperature difference; the temperature difference is divided by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature according to the preset cooling rate; the cooling time is added to the current age to obtain the target age.

[0224] Also refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the target age described in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the concrete age (i.e., current age) when the temperature reaches the preset threshold is , taking the concrete threshold temperature as , when the temperature drops to the preset target temperature, the concrete age is (i.e. target age), with target temperature as , daily average cooling rate (i.e. preset cooling rate) , a is the angle between the daily average cooling rate and the horizontal axis. Then the target age can be obtained .

[0225] In this embodiment, based on multiple indicators that meet technical specifications: a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, and the actual state of the current concrete: the current average temperature is a preset threshold value of the temperature, it can be determined that when water cooling control is performed, the temperature is cooled to the target age of the target temperature at the expected cooling rate, so as to determine a water cooling strategy that can perform smooth cooling based on the actual situation of the current water cooling control required.

[0226] In a feasible implementation, referring to the above-mentioned process of analyzing the overall temperature field of the concrete dam, the above-mentioned step S103, according to the target age, the preset target temperature and the multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, using the first mapping relationship, determines the multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0227] Obtaining a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age;

[0228] The water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature is determined according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

[0229] Specifically, referring to the analytical process of formula (a.27) obtained by the above analysis, in this embodiment, the adiabatic temperature rise caused by the hydration heat during concrete pouring and the water cooling can be considered to act on the temperature field at the same time, and the candidate cooling water temperature selected by the user can be substituted into the formula for calculation.

[0230] After determining the preset target temperature and target age as well as the current average temperature and current age, we can work backwards from equation (a.27) to equation (a.24), and then analyze to equation (a.19). At this time, we get the formula with only two unknown parameters, cooling water temperature and water flow rate, and thus determine the sixth mapping relationship. Substituting the candidate cooling water temperature into the expression of the sixth mapping relationship, we can get the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperature. Each candidate cooling water temperature and its corresponding water flow rate constitute a candidate cooling strategy.

[0231] In this embodiment, based on the first mapping relationship obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional temperature field, after determining the target temperature and target age as well as the current temperature and current age, a cooling strategy that can smoothly control water cooling can be obtained. There is no need to perform complex simulation modeling and calculations, which reduces the difficulty of determining the water cooling control strategy and avoids the cracking problem that is easy to occur during the water cooling process.

[0232] In a feasible implementation manner, the analytical process of the overall temperature field of the concrete dam in the above implementation manner is followed, and the above concrete dam water cooling rate control method further includes the following steps:

[0233] When the cooling parameter of the water cooling changes, the fifth mapping relationship is adjusted according to the changed cooling parameter;

[0234] The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

[0235] Specifically, referring to the analytical steps in the above embodiment, if the user selects candidate cooling water temperature 1, the corresponding water cooling parameter is p in formula (a.24), and formula (a.24) is introduced to obtain the temperature field caused by water cooling at this time (i.e., formula (a.26)), thereby calculating formula (a.27); similarly, if the user selects candidate cooling water temperature 2, the corresponding water cooling parameter is p in formula (b.3) , introduce equation (b.3) to calculate the temperature field caused by water cooling at this time (i.e. equation (a.26)), and then calculate equation (a.27). That is, when calculating the temperature field under the influence of water cooling, different parameters are substituted for analysis to determine the cooling strategy required in different scenarios.

[0236] In this implementation, the parameters specified by the user are analyzed according to actual conditions, so as to improve the adaptability of the strategy for determining a smooth water flow control strategy on this basis.

[0237] The core technical concept of this application is: to analyze the concrete dam based on the one-dimensional temperature field, to obtain the analytical solution of the overall temperature field of the concrete dam under various influencing factors, and when water control is required, to determine various parameters and substitute them into the analytical solution of the overall temperature field, to obtain an equation that only includes two unknowns, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate, so that the water flow rate corresponding to the cooling water temperature selected by the technician can be calculated, and the water cooling strategy can be obtained for water cooling control. In this cooling process, the cooling water temperature and the corresponding water flow rate tend to be stable, and there is no need to frequently switch the water flow rate, nor to interrupt the water flow rate control. In this way, the concrete dam can be smoothly controlled for water cooling according to the cooling strategy finally obtained, which effectively avoids the safety hazards caused by frequently and drastically changing the water flow rate or interrupting the water flow in a certain period of time during the water cooling process.

[0238] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the concrete dam water cooling rate control device described in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present application, a concrete dam water cooling rate control device 600 includes:

[0239] The detection module 601 is used to detect whether the current average temperature of the casting blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition;

[0240] A first determination module 602 is used to determine a target age for a casting block in a concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, a current age of the casting block and the current average temperature when the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition;

[0241] The second determination module 603 is used to determine multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age by using a first mapping relationship according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures; the candidate cooling strategies include: the candidate cooling water temperatures and the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analyzing the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate;

[0242] The control module 604 is used to determine a target cooling strategy from the plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and to control water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0243] In this embodiment, by detecting whether the current average temperature of the cast block in the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition; when the current average temperature of the concrete dam reaches the preset threshold condition, the target age of the cast block in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature is determined according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the cast block in the concrete dam and the current average temperature; thus, the target age can be determined according to the cooling rate specified by the user; according to the target age and the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies are determined using the first mapping relationship; the candidate cooling strategies include: candidate cooling water temperatures and water flow rates corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is a one-dimensional temperature relationship of the concrete dam. The first mapping relationship is obtained by analyzing the temperature field under the condition of temperature field, which is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate. The first mapping relationship can be regarded as the analytical solution of the total temperature field of the entire concrete dam under the comprehensive influence of various influencing factors. After analyzing the various parameters of the target age from the temperature at the current age to the target temperature, there are only two unknowns, cooling water temperature and water flow rate, in the first mapping relationship. At this time, a candidate cooling water temperature is input to obtain the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperature, thereby obtaining candidate cooling strategies corresponding to multiple candidate cooling water temperatures; determine the target cooling strategy from the multiple candidate cooling strategies, and control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy. In this way, according to the stable cooling rate specified by the user, the water cooling control strategy can be quickly determined, and the water cooling control can be smoothly performed, thereby avoiding safety hazards during the water cooling process.

[0244] In a feasible implementation manner, the concrete dam water cooling rate control device 600 further includes:

[0245] The first mapping relationship establishment module (not shown in the figure) is used to consider the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and boundary conditions, and based on the superposition principle, in the absence of the influence of water cooling, establish a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface; establish a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of each cast block in the concrete dam according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise; establish a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside air temperature according to the average temperature, the lowest temperature, the variation amplitude and the variation cycle of the outside air temperature; in the presence of the influence of water cooling, establish a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of each cast block in the concrete dam and the cooling parameters according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate; the first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the fifth mapping relationship.

[0246] In a feasible implementation manner, the concrete dam water cooling rate control device 600 further includes:

[0247] an adjusting module, configured to adjust the fifth mapping relationship according to the changed cooling parameter when the cooling parameter changes;

[0248] The first mapping relationship sub-determination module is used to determine the first mapping relationship according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

[0249] In a feasible implementation manner, the second determining module 603 includes:

[0250] a sixth mapping relationship determination module, configured to obtain a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age;

[0251] The water flow rate determination module is used to determine the water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

[0252] In a feasible implementation manner, the first determining module 602 includes:

[0253] a temperature difference determination module, configured to determine a difference between the current average temperature and the preset target temperature when the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold;

[0254] A cooling time determination module, configured to divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature;

[0255] The target age determination module is used to determine the sum of the cooling time and the current age as the target age.

[0256] In a feasible implementation manner, the control module 604 includes:

[0257] A first control submodule, used to determine the comprehensive benefits of each candidate cooling strategy;

[0258] A second control submodule is used to determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy;

[0259] The third control submodule is used to control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

[0260] In a feasible implementation manner, the concrete dam water cooling rate control device 600 further includes:

[0261] The data acquisition module is used to establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time;

[0262] A correction module is used to calibrate the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship according to the temperature process curve; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

[0263] In the present application, the description of the device embodiment is relatively short, and specific details can be referred to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0264] In one embodiment of the present application, a non-volatile storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow is implemented as described in the above embodiment.

[0265] In one embodiment of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water when executing the computer program.

[0266] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0267] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0268] The embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0269] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0270] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable terminal device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0271] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0272] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0273] The above is a detailed introduction to a method, device and medium for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam by water flow, characterized in that: The method comprises: Detect whether the current average temperature of the cast blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition; When the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determining a target age of the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, the current age of the cast blocks and the current average temperature; According to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, a first mapping relationship is used to determine multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age; the candidate cooling strategies include: the candidate cooling water temperatures and the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analysis under the one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate; A target cooling strategy is determined from the plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and water cooling is controlled for the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first mapping relationship is established in the following steps based on the superposition principle, taking into account the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and boundary conditions: In the absence of water cooling, a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is established according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface; a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of each cast block in the concrete dam is established according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise; a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside temperature is established according to the average temperature, the minimum temperature, the variation range and the variation period of the outside temperature; In the case of water cooling, a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block of concrete in the concrete dam and the cooling parameter is established according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate; The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship, and the fifth mapping relationship.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: When the cooling parameter changes, adjusting the fifth mapping relationship according to the changed cooling parameter; The first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining, based on the target age, the preset target temperature and the multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age by using a first mapping relationship includes: Obtaining a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age; The water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature is determined according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the current average temperature reaches a preset threshold condition, determining a target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to a preset cooling rate, a preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature, includes: When the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold, determining a difference between the current average temperature and the preset target temperature; Divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature; The sum of the cooling time and the current age is determined as the target age.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining a target cooling strategy from the plurality of candidate cooling strategies and controlling water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy includes: Determining the comprehensive benefits of each of the candidate cooling strategies; Determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy; The water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam is controlled according to the target cooling strategy.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before determining multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age using a first mapping relationship according to the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, the method further includes: Establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time; According to the temperature process curve, the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship are calibrated; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

8. A concrete dam water cooling rate control device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A detection module, used to detect whether the current average temperature of the cast blocks in the concrete dam reaches a preset threshold condition; A first determination module is used to determine the target age of the casting blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature according to the preset cooling rate, the preset target temperature, the current age of the casting blocks and the current average temperature when the current average temperature reaches the preset threshold condition; A second determination module is used to determine, based on the target age, the preset target temperature and multiple candidate cooling water temperatures, multiple candidate cooling strategies for the cast blocks in the concrete dam to reach the preset target temperature at the target age using a first mapping relationship; the candidate cooling strategies include: the candidate cooling water temperatures and the water flow rate corresponding to the candidate cooling water temperatures; the first mapping relationship is obtained by analysis under a one-dimensional temperature field of the concrete dam, and is used to characterize the corresponding relationship between the preset target temperature, the target age, the cooling water temperature and the water flow rate; The control module is used to determine a target cooling strategy from a plurality of candidate cooling strategies, and to control water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The device also includes: The first mapping relationship determination module is used to consider the linear properties of the heat conduction equation and the boundary conditions, based on the superposition principle, in the absence of the influence of water cooling, according to the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the concrete of the concrete dam, and the heat exchange coefficient of the concrete surface, establish a second mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the initial temperature of the concrete of the cast block in the concrete dam; according to the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete of the concrete dam and the attenuation coefficient corresponding to the adiabatic temperature rise, establish a third mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block in the concrete dam; according to the average temperature, the lowest temperature, the variation amplitude and the variation cycle of the outside temperature, establish a fourth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the outside temperature; in the presence of the influence of water cooling, according to the cooling parameters, the water pipe parameters and the three mapping relationships, establish a fifth mapping relationship between the temperature field of the concrete dam and the adiabatic temperature rise of each cast block in the concrete dam, and the cooling parameters; the cooling parameters include: cooling water temperature and water flow rate; the first mapping relationship is determined according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the fifth mapping relationship.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The device also includes: an adjusting module, configured to adjust the fifth mapping relationship according to the changed cooling parameter when the cooling parameter changes; The first mapping relationship sub-determination module is used to determine the first mapping relationship according to the second mapping relationship, the fourth mapping relationship and the adjusted fifth mapping relationship.

11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The second determining module includes: a sixth mapping relationship determination module, configured to obtain a sixth mapping relationship between cooling water temperature and water flow rate according to the first mapping relationship, the preset target temperature, and the target age; The water flow rate determination module is used to determine the water flow rate corresponding to each candidate cooling water temperature according to the sixth mapping relationship and each candidate cooling water temperature.

12. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The first determining module includes: a temperature difference determination module, configured to determine a difference between the current average temperature and the preset target temperature when the current average temperature is a preset temperature threshold; A cooling time determination module, configured to divide the difference by the preset cooling rate to obtain the cooling time required to cool from the current average temperature to the preset target temperature; The target age determination module is used to determine the sum of the cooling time and the current age as the target age.

13. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The control module comprises: A first control submodule, used to determine the comprehensive benefits of each candidate cooling strategy; A second control submodule is used to determine the candidate cooling strategy with the highest comprehensive benefit as the target cooling strategy; The third control submodule is used to control the water cooling of the cast blocks in the concrete dam according to the target cooling strategy.

14. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The device also includes: The data acquisition module is used to establish a temperature process curve based on the concrete dam temperature data collected in real time; A correction module is used to calibrate the thermal parameters in the first mapping relationship according to the temperature process curve; the thermal parameters include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, and adiabatic temperature rise.

15. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the program is executed by a processor, the method for controlling the cooling rate of a concrete dam through water flow as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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