A support structure for soft surrounding rock tunnel and use method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock tunnel support, and specifically discloses a support structure for soft surrounding rock tunnels and a method of using the support structure, comprising a lower support plate and an upper support plate, and also comprising: a plurality of sets of rotating punching mechanisms and mounting plates, which are used for punching holes and mounting supports on the inner wall of the tunnel, wherein the rotating punching mechanism is located on the mounting plate; a support dust suppression mechanism, which is used for fixing and mounting the lower support plate and the upper support plate, and suppressing dust generated during drilling, wherein the support dust suppression mechanism is located on the rotating punching mechanism; the present invention, through the action of the rotating punching mechanism and based on the rotation of the anchor rod and the conical rod, does not require the staff to install the anchor rod on the inner wall of the tunnel after drilling the holes on the inner wall of the tunnel to support and protect the inner wall, so that the drilling and installation operations are carried out simultaneously, which correspondingly reduces the operation steps for the staff to support the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the work efficiency of the staff in supporting the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surrounding rock tunnel support, and in particular relates to a support structure for a soft surrounding rock tunnel and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel surrounding rock refers to the rock (soil) within a certain range around the tunnel (tunnel) that affects the stability of the tunnel (tunnel), or the rock (soil) whose strata around the tunnel are redistributed due to tunnel excavation. The strata around the tunnel can be rocks of varying hardness or loose soil. We regard soil as a special type of rock (severely weathered and broken), so the strata around the tunnel, whether soil or rock, are collectively referred to as surrounding rock.

[0003] A tunnel is a structure built underground, underwater or in a mountain for laying railways or building roads for the passage of motor vehicles. According to its location, it can be divided into three categories: mountain tunnels, underwater tunnels and urban tunnels. Mountain tunnels are those that pass under mountains or hills to shorten the distance and avoid steep slopes; underwater tunnels are those that pass under rivers or on the seabed to cross rivers or straits; urban tunnels are those that pass underground in cities to meet the needs of railways passing through large cities. Of these three types of tunnels, mountain tunnels are the most commonly built.

[0004] In the patent with publication number CN108331594B, a support structure for soft rock tunnels is mentioned, including an initial support installed in the rock body of the surrounding rock tunnel, an external support installed between the outer surface of the initial support and the rock body of the surrounding rock tunnel, and an internal support installed in the initial support, wherein the initial support includes an upper support with an arc-shaped structure in the main view, a lower support with a "U"-shaped structure in the main view, and fastening bolts for firmly connecting the upper support and the lower support. The support structure can form a three-in-one reinforcement support mechanism in the tunnel, firmly support the rock body of the surrounding rock tunnel, improve the overall structural firmness and stability of the soft rock tunnel, reduce the pressure caused by displacement, shaking, and sliding of the rock body of the surrounding rock tunnel on the tunnel when the soft rock tunnel is in use, and reduce the erosion damage to the support structure that affects the safe use of the soft rock tunnel;

[0005] Compared with the above documents, in the above documents, although a three-in-one reinforcement support mechanism can be formed in the tunnel to provide firm support for the rock mass of the surrounding rock tunnel, improve the overall structural firmness and stability of the soft surrounding rock tunnel, and reduce the pressure caused by displacement, shaking, and sliding of the rock mass of the surrounding rock tunnel on the tunnel during use, as well as erosion damage to the support structure, which affects the safe use of the soft surrounding rock tunnel, the installation method of the anchor rod in the above documents requires the staff to complete the drilling of the inner wall of the tunnel before the anchor rod can be installed on the inner wall of the tunnel to support and protect the inner wall. The drilling and installation work are carried out separately, which correspondingly increases the operating steps for the staff to support the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby reducing the work efficiency of the staff in supporting the tunnel. For this reason, a support structure and a use method for a soft surrounding rock tunnel are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a support structure for a soft surrounding rock tunnel and a method of use thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A support structure for a soft surrounding rock tunnel, comprising a lower support plate and an upper support plate, and also comprising:

[0009] Multiple sets of rotating punching mechanisms and mounting plates are used to punch holes and install supports on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the rotating punching mechanisms are located on the mounting plates;

[0010] The support and dust suppression mechanism is used to fix and install the lower support plate and the upper support plate and suppress the dust generated during drilling. The support and dust suppression mechanism is located on the rotating drilling mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the rotary punching mechanism includes a plurality of motor boxes installed on one side of the mounting plate, a servo motor is fixedly installed inside the motor box, an output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, and an end of the rotating shaft away from the servo motor rotates and extends to the outside of the motor box, and rotates and extends to the other side of the mounting plate, an end of the rotating shaft away from the servo motor is fixedly connected to an anchor rod, and the end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected to a conical rod with a hollow interior, and a plurality of mounting openings are provided on the lower support plate and the upper support plate.

[0012] Preferably, a first rotation groove is formed on one side of the mounting plate and the motor box, and one end of the rotating shaft away from the servo motor rotates and extends to the outside of the motor box through the first rotation groove, and rotates and extends to the other side of the mounting plate.

[0013] Preferably, the support and dust suppression mechanism includes a plurality of fixed plates installed on the outer wall of the conical rod, a rotating rod is rotatably connected between two of the fixed plates, and one end of the rotating rod is rotatably extended to the outside of the fixed plate, one end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to a fixed disk, one side of the fixed disk is connected to a torsion spring, one side of the outer wall of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to a protective box, the outer side wall of the rotating rod is located between the two fixed plates and is fixedly connected to a rotating blade, the bottom of the rotating blade is fixedly connected to a cleaning plate, and the bottom of the cleaning plate is connected to a plurality of cleaning brushes.

[0014] Preferably, a second rotation groove is opened on the fixed plate, one end of the rotation rod rotates through the second rotation groove and extends to the outside of the fixed plate, one end of the torsion spring away from the fixed plate is connected to the outer wall of the fixed plate, and the torsion spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotation rod.

[0015] Preferably, the fixing plate and the torsion spring are both located inside the protection box, and one end of the rotating rod that is extended to the outside of the fixing plate is extended to the inside of the protection box.

[0016] Preferably, the support and dust suppression mechanism also includes a plurality of first agent outlets and second agent outlets opened on the outer wall of the conical rod, the inner wall of the conical rod is located on both sides of the first agent outlet and is fixedly connected with a tension spring, the interior of the second agent outlet is fixedly connected with an atomizing mesh plate, a sliding rod is connected between the two tension springs, and the end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected with a fitting baffle.

[0017] Preferably, the fitting baffle is located inside the first dosage outlet, and the outer wall of the fitting baffle is slidingly fitted with the inner wall of the first dosage outlet, the first dosage outlet is located on the inner wall of the conical rod, and the diameter of the first dosage outlet is smaller than the size of the second dosage outlet.

[0018] Preferably, the size of the sliding rod is smaller than the size of the first agent outlet, and the cleaning brush and the atomizing screen are arranged to be slidingly fitted.

[0019] A method for using a supporting structure of a surrounding rock tunnel, comprising:

[0020] Step 1: When the workers are supporting and installing the inner wall of the tunnel, they first install the lower support plate and the upper support plate on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the lower support plate and the upper support plate are fixed and installed by tightening bolts;

[0021] Step 2: After the lower support plate and the upper support plate are installed, the multiple tapered rods are aligned with the installation openings on the lower support plate and the upper support plate, inserted into the installation openings, and the servo motor is turned on to make it work;

[0022] Step 3: When the conical rod rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blades can be used to rotate and punch holes on the inner wall of the tunnel according to the function of multiple rotating blades arranged on its outer wall, and when the conical rod rotates, the fitting baffle inside it can be moved toward the inside of the second outlet according to the function of centrifugal force, so that the first outlet is opened, and the dust suppressant inside the conical rod is atomized and sprayed out through the atomizing mesh plate;

[0023] Step 4: When the rotating blade is rotating and drilling holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blade can be flexibly rotated, and the rotating blade can perform rotational cutting on the inner wall of the hole in the tunnel, so that the inner wall of the hole is rotated and cut into a groove. After the tapered rod and the anchor rod are plugged into the hole, the rotating blade can be clamped into the groove of the inner wall of the hole according to the cooperation of the rotating blade and the cut groove;

[0024] Step 5: When the rotating blade rotates flexibly according to the rotating rod, it can drive the cleaning plate and the cleaning brush at the bottom to move, so that the cleaning brush can slide and clean the atomizing screen plate.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] By rotating the drilling mechanism and according to the rotating action of the anchor rod and the tapered rod, holes can be drilled on the inner wall of the tunnel when the anchor rod and the tapered rod are plugged in and installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. After the drilling is completed, the anchor rod and the tapered rod can be used to fasten and install the lower support plate and the upper support plate to the inner wall of the tunnel. Compared with the method of fastening and installing the inner wall of the tunnel in the prior art, there is no need for the staff to install the anchor rod on the inner wall of the tunnel to support and protect the inner wall after the drilling is completed, so that the drilling and installation operations are carried out simultaneously, which correspondingly reduces the operating steps for the staff to support the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the work efficiency of the staff in supporting the tunnel.

[0027] Through the support and dust suppression mechanism, when the conical rod rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blades can rotate and punch holes on the inner wall of the tunnel according to the function of multiple rotating blades arranged on its outer wall, which correspondingly increases the drilling efficiency of the conical rod on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0028] According to the centrifugal force, the first agent outlet can be opened, so that the dust suppressant inside the conical rod is sprayed out through the atomizing mesh plate. According to the spraying effect of the dust suppressant, the dust generated during drilling can be suppressed by spraying, thereby reducing the generation of dust, making it easier for the workers to drill holes and install supports on the inner wall of the tunnel, and improving the work efficiency of the workers in drilling holes and installing supports on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0029] According to the cooperation between the rotating rod and the torsion spring, when the rotating blade rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the flexibility of the rotating blade is increased, and the phenomenon of collision and cracking when encountering hard stones is avoided, which correspondingly improves the use effect and service life of the rotating blade;

[0030] When the rotating blade rotates flexibly according to the rotating rod, it can drive the cleaning plate and the cleaning brush at the bottom to move, so that the cleaning brush can slide and clean the atomizing screen, which can reduce the gravel and impurities generated when the inner wall of the tunnel is rotated and punched and adhere to the outer wall of the atomizing screen, thereby improving the agent discharge effect of the atomizing screen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the rotary punching mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a side sectional structural diagram of the rotary punching mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a side cross-sectional structural diagram of the anchor rod of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 The enlarged structure diagram at point B in the middle.

[0037] In the figure: 1. lower support plate; 2. upper support plate; 3. mounting plate; 301. motor box; 302. servo motor; 303. rotating shaft; 304. anchor rod; 305. conical rod; 4. fixing plate; 401. rotating rod; 402. fixing plate; 403. torsion spring; 404. protection box; 405. rotating blade; 406. cleaning plate; 407. first agent outlet; 408. second agent outlet; 409. atomizing screen; 4010. tension spring; 4011. sliding rod; 4012. fitting baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a support structure for a soft rock tunnel includes a lower support plate 1 and an upper support plate 2, and also includes: a plurality of rotating punching mechanisms and a mounting plate 3, which are used to perform drilling and mounting support on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating punching mechanism is located on the mounting plate 3, and the rotating punching mechanism includes a plurality of motor boxes 301 mounted on one side of the mounting plate 3, a servo motor 302 is fixedly mounted inside the motor box 301, a rotating shaft 303 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 302, and the end of the rotating shaft 303 away from the servo motor 302 is rotated to extend to the outside of the motor box 301, and is rotated to extend to the other side of the mounting plate 3, an end of the rotating shaft 303 away from the servo motor 302 is fixedly connected to an anchor rod 304, and the end of the anchor rod 304 is fixedly connected to a conical rod 305 with a hollow interior, and a plurality of mounting openings are provided on both the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2;

[0040] The present invention further specifically describes that a first rotation groove is provided on one side of the mounting plate 3 and the motor box 301, and one end of the rotating shaft 303 away from the servo motor 302 rotates and extends to the outside of the motor box 301 through the first rotation groove, and rotates and extends to the other side of the mounting plate 3;

[0041] As can be seen from the above, when the staff supports and installs the inner wall of the tunnel, they first install the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 are fixedly installed by fastening bolts. It should be noted that: the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 are fixedly installed by fastening bolts, which are all existing technologies, and their working principles are not described in detail;

[0042] After the installation of the lower supporting plate 1 and the upper supporting plate 2 is completed, the multiple conical rods 305 are matched with the installation openings on the lower supporting plate 1 and the upper supporting plate 2, and are inserted into the inside of the installation openings. The servo motor 302 is turned on to make it work. When the servo motor 302 is working, it drives the rotating shaft 303 at its end to rotate, and correspondingly drives the anchor rod 304 and the conical rod 305 at one end of the rotating shaft 303 to rotate. According to the action of the conical rod 305, the inner wall of the tunnel inside the installation opening can be rotated and punched. After the drilling is completed, the anchor rod 304 can be inserted into the punched hole inside the installation opening. Multiple anchor rods 304 can be inserted into the inside of the installation opening and into the holes punched on the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the lower supporting plate 1 and the upper supporting plate 2 can be stably connected to the inner wall of the tunnel. After installation and fixing, the inner wall of the tunnel can be installed and supported. Through the setting of this structure, according to the rotation effect of the anchor rod 304 and the tapered rod 305, the inner wall of the tunnel can be drilled when the two are plugged and installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. After the drilling is completed, the anchor rod 304 and the tapered rod 305 can be used to fasten and install the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 to the inner wall of the tunnel. Compared with the method of fastening and installing the inner wall of the tunnel in the prior art, it is not necessary for the staff to install the anchor rod 304 on the inner wall of the tunnel after drilling the inner wall of the tunnel to support and protect the inner wall, so that the drilling and installation operations are carried out simultaneously, which correspondingly reduces the operating steps of the staff for supporting the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the work efficiency of the staff for supporting the tunnel. Example 2

[0043] like Figure 1-6 As shown, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, a support dust suppression mechanism is additionally provided, which is used to fix and install the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 and suppress the dust generated during punching. The support dust suppression mechanism is located on the rotating punching mechanism. The support dust suppression mechanism includes a plurality of fixed plates 4 installed on the outer wall of the conical rod 305, a rotating rod 401 is rotatably connected between the two fixed plates 4, and one end of the rotating rod 401 is rotatably extended to the outside of the fixed plate 4, one end of the rotating rod 401 is fixedly connected to a fixed disk 402, one side of the fixed disk 402 is connected to a torsion spring 403, one side of the outer wall of the fixed plate 4 is fixedly connected to a protective box 404, the outer side wall of the rotating rod 401 is located between the two fixed plates 4 and is fixedly connected to a rotating blade 405, the bottom of the rotating blade 405 is fixedly connected to a cleaning plate 406, and the bottom of the cleaning plate 406 is connected to a plurality of cleaning brushes;

[0044] The present invention is further specifically described in detail. A second rotation groove is opened on the fixed plate 4. One end of the rotation rod 401 rotates and extends to the outside of the fixed plate 4 through the second rotation groove. One end of the torsion spring 403 away from the fixed plate 402 is connected to the outer wall of the fixed plate 4. The torsion spring 403 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotation rod 401. The fixed plate 402 and the torsion spring 403 are both located inside the protection box 404. The end of the rotation rod 401 that rotates and extends to the outside of the fixed plate 4 rotates and extends to the inside of the protection box 404.

[0045] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the support dust suppression mechanism also includes a plurality of first agent outlets 407 and second agent outlets 408 opened on the outer wall of the tapered rod 305, the inner wall of the tapered rod 305 is located on both sides of the first agent outlet 407 and is fixedly connected with a tension spring 4010, the interior of the second agent outlet 408 is fixedly connected with an atomizing mesh plate 409, a sliding rod 4011 is connected between the two tension springs 4010, and the end of the sliding rod 4011 is fixedly connected with a fitting baffle 4012;

[0046] The present invention further specifically describes that the fitting baffle 4012 is located inside the first agent outlet 407, and the outer wall of the fitting baffle 4012 and the inner wall of the first agent outlet 407 are slidingly fitted, the first agent outlet 407 is located on the inner wall of the tapered rod 305, the caliber of the first agent outlet 407 is smaller than the size of the second agent outlet 408, the size of the sliding rod 4011 is smaller than the size of the first agent outlet 407, and the cleaning brush and the atomizing screen 409 are slidingly fitted;

[0047] As can be seen from the above, when the conical rod 305 rotates to drill holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blades 405 can be rotated to drill holes on the inner wall of the tunnel according to the effect of the multiple rotating blades 405 arranged on the outer wall, which correspondingly increases the drilling efficiency of the conical rod 305 on the inner wall of the tunnel, and when the conical rod 305 rotates, according to the effect of centrifugal force, the fitting baffle 4012 inside it can be moved to the inside of the second outlet 408, so that the first outlet 407 is opened, and the dust suppressant inside the conical rod 305 is atomized and sprayed through the atomizing mesh plate 409. According to the effect of the dust suppressant spraying, the dust generated during the drilling can be sprayed to suppress the dust, thereby reducing the generation of dust, making it easier for the staff to drill holes and install support on the inner wall of the tunnel, and improving the work efficiency of the staff to drill holes and install support on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0048] According to the cooperation between the rotating rod 401 and the torsion spring 403, when the rotating blade 405 rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the flexibility of the rotating blade 405 is increased, avoiding collision and cracking when encountering hard stones, and correspondingly improving the use effect and service life of the rotating blade 405. The rotating blade 405 can rotate and cut the inner wall of the hole punched in the tunnel, so that the inner wall of the hole is rotated and cut into a groove. After the conical rod 305 and the anchor rod 304 are plugged into the hole, according to the cooperation of the rotating blade 405 and the cut groove, the rotating blade 405 can be clamped into the groove of the inner wall of the hole, and the conical rod 305 and the anchor rod 304 are limited, thereby improving the support effect of the plug-in support of the conical rod 305 and the anchor rod 304;

[0049] When the rotating blade 405 rotates flexibly according to the rotating rod 401, it can drive the cleaning plate 406 and the cleaning brush at the bottom thereof to move, so that the cleaning brush can slide and clean the atomizing screen plate 409, which can reduce the gravel and impurities generated when the inner wall of the tunnel is rotated and punched and adhered to the outer wall of the atomizing screen plate 409, thereby improving the discharge effect of the atomizing screen plate 409;

[0050] It should be noted that the torsion spring 403 has a relatively large elastic force, and the rotating rod 401 can only rotate when encountering a relatively hard stone. Example 3

[0051] A method for using a supporting structure of a surrounding rock tunnel, comprising:

[0052] Step 1: When the staff is supporting and installing the inner wall of the tunnel, firstly, the lower supporting plate 1 and the upper supporting plate 2 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the lower supporting plate 1 and the upper supporting plate 2 are fixed and installed by tightening bolts;

[0053] Step 2: After the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2 are installed, the plurality of tapered rods 305 are aligned with the installation openings on the lower support plate 1 and the upper support plate 2, and inserted into the installation openings, and the servo motor 302 is turned on to make it work;

[0054] Step 3: When the conical rod 305 rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blades 405 are arranged on the outer wall thereof, so that the rotating blades 405 can rotate and punch holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, and when the conical rod 305 rotates, the fitting baffle 4012 inside thereof can move toward the inside of the second agent outlet 408 according to the effect of centrifugal force, so that the first agent outlet 407 is opened, and the dust suppressant inside the conical rod 305 is atomized and sprayed out through the atomizing mesh plate 409;

[0055] Step 4: When the rotating blade 405 performs rotational drilling on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blade 405 can be flexibly rotated, and the rotating blade 405 can perform rotational cutting on the inner wall of the tunnel hole, so that the inner wall of the hole is rotated and cut into a groove. After the tapered rod 305 and the anchor rod 304 are plugged into the hole, the rotating blade 405 can be clipped into the groove of the inner wall of the hole according to the cooperation between the rotating blade 405 and the cut groove.

[0056] Step 5: When the rotating blade 405 rotates flexibly according to the rotating rod 401, it can drive the cleaning plate 406 and the cleaning brush at the bottom thereof to move, so that the cleaning brush can slide and clean the atomizing screen plate 409.

[0057] Furthermore, the present design is applied to the support and installation of the inner wall of the surrounding rock tunnel. According to the rotation of the anchor rod 304 and the tapered rod 305, the drilling and installation operations can be carried out simultaneously, which correspondingly reduces the operating steps for the staff to support the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the work efficiency of the staff in supporting the tunnel.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A support structure for a soft rock tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a lower supporting plate (1) and an upper supporting plate (2), and also comprises: A plurality of rotating punching mechanisms and mounting plates (3) are used to perform drilling and mounting support on the inner wall of a tunnel, wherein the rotating punching mechanisms are located on the mounting plate (3); the rotating punching mechanisms include a plurality of motor boxes (301) mounted on one side of the mounting plate (3); a servo motor (302) is fixedly mounted inside the motor box (301); an output end of the servo motor (302) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (303); an end of the rotating shaft (303) away from the servo motor (302) is rotated to extend to the outside of the motor box (301), and is rotated to extend to the other side of the mounting plate (3); an end of the rotating shaft (303) away from the servo motor (302) is fixedly connected to an anchor rod (304); an end of the anchor rod (304) is fixedly connected to a conical rod (305) with a hollow interior; and a plurality of mounting openings are provided on both the lower support plate (1) and the upper support plate (2); A support and dust suppression mechanism, used for fixing and installing a lower support plate (1) and an upper support plate (2), and suppressing dust generated during drilling; the support and dust suppression mechanism is located on the rotating drilling mechanism, and comprises a plurality of fixed plates (4) mounted on the outer wall of a conical rod (305); a rotating rod (401) is rotatably connected between two of the fixed plates (4), and one end of the rotating rod (401) is rotatably extended to the outside of the fixed plate (4); one end of the rotating rod (401) is fixedly connected to a fixed disk (402); one side of the fixed disk (402) is connected to a torsion spring (403); one side of the outer wall of the fixed plate (4) is fixedly connected to a protection box (404); the outer side wall of the rotating rod (401) is located between the two fixed plates (4) and is fixedly connected to a rotating blade (405); the bottom of the rotating blade (405) is fixedly connected to a cleaning plate (406); the bottom of the cleaning plate (406) is connected to a plurality of cleaning brushes; The support and dust suppression mechanism also includes a plurality of first agent outlets (407) provided on the inner wall of the conical rod (305) and a second agent outlet (408) provided on the outer wall of the conical rod (305); the inner wall of the conical rod (305) is fixedly connected with tension springs (4010) on both sides of the first agent outlets (407); the interior of the second agent outlet (408) is fixedly connected with an atomizing mesh plate (409); a sliding rod (4011) is connected between the two tension springs (4010); and a fitting baffle (4012) is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding rod (4011); The fitting baffle (4012) is located inside the first dosage outlet (407), and the outer wall of the fitting baffle (4012) and the inner wall of the first dosage outlet (407) are slidably fitted to set the diameter of the first dosage outlet (407) smaller than the size of the second dosage outlet (408); The size of the sliding rod (4011) is smaller than the size of the first agent outlet (407), and the cleaning brush and the atomizing screen (409) are arranged to slide and fit together.

2. A supporting structure for a soft rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first rotation groove is provided on one side of the mounting plate (3) and the motor box (301); one end of the rotation shaft (303) away from the servo motor (302) rotates through the first rotation groove to extend to the outside of the motor box (301), and rotates to extend to the other side of the mounting plate (3).

3. A supporting structure for a soft rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed plate (4) is provided with a second rotation groove, and one end of the rotation rod (401) rotates through the second rotation groove to extend to the outside of the fixed plate (4), and one end of the torsion spring (403) away from the fixed disk (402) is connected to the outer wall of the fixed plate (4), and the torsion spring (403) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotation rod (401).

4. A supporting structure for a soft rock tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed plate (402) and the torsion spring (403) are both located inside the protection box (404), and one end of the rotating rod (401) that extends outside the fixed plate (4) rotates and extends inside the protection box (404).

5. A method for using the support structure for a soft surrounding rock tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Included are: Step 1: When the staff is installing support for the inner wall of the tunnel, they first install the lower support plate (1) and the upper support plate (2) on the inner wall of the tunnel, and the lower support plate (1) and the upper support plate (2) are fixedly installed by tightening bolts; Step 2: After the lower support plate (1) and the upper support plate (2) are installed, the plurality of tapered rods (305) are aligned with the installation openings on the lower support plate (1) and the upper support plate (2), inserted into the installation openings, and the servo motor (302) is turned on to start working; Step 3: When the conical rod (305) rotates and punches holes on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blades (405) are arranged on the outer wall thereof to rotate and punch holes on the inner wall of the tunnel. When the conical rod (305) rotates, the fitting baffle (4012) inside the conical rod (305) is moved toward the inside of the second agent outlet (408) by the action of centrifugal force, so that the first agent outlet (407) is opened, and the dust suppressant inside the conical rod (305) is atomized and sprayed out through the atomizing mesh plate (409); Step 4: When the rotating blade (405) is rotating and drilling a hole on the inner wall of the tunnel, the rotating blade (405) can be flexibly rotated, and the rotating blade (405) can be rotationally cut on the inner wall of the hole drilled in the tunnel, and a groove is cut on the inner wall of the hole drilled. After the tapered rod (305) and the anchor rod (304) are plugged into the drilled hole, the rotating blade (405) is clamped into the groove of the inner wall of the drilled hole according to the cooperation between the rotating blade (405) and the cut groove; Step 5: When the rotating blade (405) rotates flexibly according to the rotating rod (401), the cleaning plate (406) and the cleaning brush at the bottom thereof are driven to move, so that the cleaning brush slides and cleans the atomizing screen plate (409).

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