An adaptive flow compensation control method for tunnel ventilation system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and specifically to an adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system. The present invention first determines the frequency and points of air quality data collection by comprehensively considering tunnel length, curve radius, vehicle flow and environmental factors, and uses a variety of sensors to collect harmful gas concentration, temperature, and pressure data and draw index curves. Then, these curves are fitted with polynomial functions to construct a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution, and the ventilation demand function expression is calculated. Then, the compensation ventilation flow and the preliminary control plan are calculated based on the model and expression. Finally, a boundary restriction criterion is established to evaluate the importance of factors such as ventilation equipment capacity, energy consumption and cost, and the final ventilation control plan is determined by optimizing the comprehensive evaluation function to ensure the safe, efficient and energy-saving operation of the tunnel ventilation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular to an adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of the tunnel, good air quality is a key factor in ensuring driving safety and personnel health. As a relatively closed space, the tunnel will emit a large amount of harmful gases during vehicle driving, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc. At the same time, the heat generated by the operation of the vehicle and the difference in air pressure inside and outside the tunnel will also have a significant impact on the environment inside the tunnel. If the air quality in the tunnel is not effectively controlled, the excessive concentration of harmful gases may cause poisoning, suffocation and other serious consequences for the driver and passengers. The high temperature environment will affect the vehicle performance and driving comfort, and the unreasonable air pressure distribution may affect the normal operation of the ventilation system and the stability of the tunnel structure.

[0003] Most traditional tunnel ventilation systems use a fixed ventilation mode, that is, they operate according to a pre-set ventilation volume and ventilation time. This method cannot make adaptive adjustments in real time according to the actual changes in the air quality in the tunnel. For example, during periods of low traffic flow, operating in a fixed mode may lead to over-ventilation and waste of energy; during peak traffic or special circumstances (such as traffic congestion, fire, etc.), insufficient ventilation may not be able to effectively reduce the concentration of harmful gases and adjust parameters such as temperature and pressure in a timely manner, thereby failing to ensure the air quality and safety in the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes an adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system, which can accurately calculate the ventilation demand according to the real-time changes of the air quality in the tunnel, and perform adaptive compensation control on the ventilation flow. At the same time, factors such as the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment are considered to determine the optimal ventilation compensation flow configuration scheme, so as to realize the safe, efficient, energy-saving and economical operation of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system, comprising:

[0007] Collect air quality data within a set time in the tunnel, and obtain air quality index curves based on the collected data;

[0008] The harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve in the air quality index curve are fitted with polynomial functions to obtain a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel; the ventilation demand function expression is calculated based on the relationship between the harmful gas concentration, temperature, pressure data and ventilation flow in the tunnel;

[0009] According to the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel and the ventilation demand function expression, the compensation ventilation flow in different time periods is calculated, and the preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan is determined based on the compensation ventilation flow;

[0010] Establish boundary restriction criteria, and determine the final tunnel ventilation system control plan based on the preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan and the boundary restriction criteria;

[0011] Among them, the steps to determine the final tunnel ventilation system control plan include:

[0012] Determine the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment according to the actual operational needs and priorities of the tunnel;

[0013] Comprehensively analyze and adjust the ventilation compensation flow based on the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment;

[0014] After comprehensive analysis and adjustment of the ventilation compensation flow, the final ventilation compensation flow configuration plan is determined, that is, the final tunnel ventilation system control plan.

[0015] The air quality data collection method is: determining the data collection frequency, determining the data collection points and determining the data collection indicators;

[0016] Wherein, the data collection frequency is determined according to tunnel length, curve radius, vehicle flow and environmental factors;

[0017] The data collection points include: the entrance, middle section and exit of the tunnel, the curved section and straight section of the tunnel;

[0018] Among them, the data collection indicators include harmful gas concentration, temperature, and pressure.

[0019] The polynomial function fitting method for the harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve is: first, a quadratic polynomial function is used for fitting. If the fitting effect cannot be achieved, a cubic polynomial function is used for fitting to obtain the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function; after determining the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function, the least squares method is used to determine the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, temperature function coefficient and pressure function coefficient.

[0020] The calculation method for determining the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, temperature function coefficient and pressure function coefficient using the least squares method is:

[0021] For each data point , is the number of data points, They are Substitute the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the points into the polynomial function to get the fitting value , and then calculate the sum of squared errors ; By setting the partial derivative of the error sum of squares with respect to the polynomial coefficients to 0, establish a system of equations and solve them to obtain the optimal coefficient value , is the degree of the polynomial.

[0022] The three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel is constructed as follows: in three-dimensional space, a coordinate system is established with the harmful gas concentration, temperature and pressure at the corresponding time as the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates, and the fitting function is plotted on the corresponding coordinate plane to obtain the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution.

[0023] The ventilation demand function expression is:

[0024] ;

[0025] in, is the ventilation flow rate, is the initial harmful gas concentration, is the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel, is the external ambient temperature, is the temperature in the tunnel, It is the pressure that needs to be adjusted in the tunnel, which is the difference between the set standard pressure and the actual pressure in the tunnel. is the coefficient of the ventilation demand function.

[0026] The compensation ventilation flow calculation step comprises:

[0027] Use the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel to obtain the concentration, temperature and pressure values ​​of harmful gases;

[0028] Substitute the harmful gas concentration value, temperature value, and pressure value into the ventilation demand function expression to obtain the ventilation flow rate in each time period;

[0029] Calculate the difference between the ventilation flow rate and the actual ventilation flow rate to obtain the compensated ventilation flow rate .

[0030] The preliminary tunnel ventilation system control scheme includes:

[0031] if , it means that the actual ventilation flow rate is less than the ventilation flow rate required by the calculation, and the ventilation flow rate needs to be increased;

[0032] if , it means that the actual ventilation flow rate is greater than the ventilation flow rate required for calculation, and the ventilation flow rate needs to be reduced.

[0033] The boundary restriction criterion is determined by a boundary restriction criterion comprehensive evaluation function, and the boundary restriction criterion comprehensive evaluation function is:

[0034] ;

[0035] in, represents the comprehensive evaluation function, Indicates ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment, Represents the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption, represents the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on cost, Indicates the compensating ventilation flow; , and are the weight of the maximum operating capacity of the ventilation equipment, the weight of the energy consumption limit, and the weight of the cost limit, respectively. ;

[0036] Among them, ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment It is expressed as:

[0037] ;

[0038] in, Indicates the maximum ventilation volume of the ventilation equipment. is an adjustment factor used to adjust the rate of change of the function;

[0039] Among them, the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption is It is expressed as:

[0040] ;

[0041] in, Represents the relationship between the energy consumption of the ventilation system and the compensating ventilation flow rate, Indicates the upper limit of energy consumption. is an adjustment factor;

[0042] Among them, the function of the influence of ventilation compensation flow on cost is It is expressed as:

[0043] ;

[0044] in, represents the relationship between the total cost and the compensation ventilation flow, represents the upper limit of the cost, is an adjustment factor.

[0045] The final tunnel ventilation system control scheme includes: specific values ​​of ventilation compensation flow and corresponding ventilation equipment operating parameters, operating time schedule and energy-saving control strategy.

[0046] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application include at least the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The present invention can monitor the air quality in the tunnel in real time and accurately, and more accurately describe the changes in air quality by fitting a polynomial function and establishing a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution. The calculated ventilation demand function expression can scientifically and reasonably reflect the relationship between ventilation volume and air quality parameters, thereby accurately calculating the ventilation demand. When determining the ventilation compensation flow, practical factors such as the maximum operating capacity of the ventilation equipment, energy consumption limitations and cost limitations are comprehensively considered. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation function for optimization, adaptive flow compensation control of the ventilation system can be achieved, the effect and efficiency of tunnel ventilation can be improved, the air quality and driving safety in the tunnel can be guaranteed, and the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction can be achieved at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 An overall flow chart of an adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system is shown;

[0049] Figure 2 A flow chart of a tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S100 is shown;

[0050] Figure 3 A flow chart of a tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S200 is shown;

[0051] Figure 4 A flow chart of a tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S300 is shown;

[0052] Figure 5 A flow chart of a tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S400 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] See also Figure 1 , which shows an adaptive flow compensation control method for a tunnel ventilation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0055] S100: Collecting air quality data within a set time in the tunnel, and obtaining air quality index curves according to the collected data.

[0056] S200: polynomial function fitting is performed on the harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve in the air quality index curve respectively to obtain a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel; according to the relationship between the harmful gas concentration, temperature, pressure data and ventilation flow in the tunnel, the ventilation demand function expression is calculated.

[0057] S300: According to the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel and the ventilation demand function expression, the compensation ventilation flow in different time periods is calculated, and a preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan is determined based on the compensation ventilation flow.

[0058] S400: Establish boundary restriction criteria and determine the final tunnel ventilation system control plan.

[0059] S100 determines the appropriate sampling interval according to tunnel length, curve radius, vehicle flow and environmental factors, evenly distributes and installs air quality monitoring equipment with multiple sensors at multiple key locations in the tunnel, monitors harmful gas concentration, temperature, pressure and other indicators, and organizes and stores data in chronological order, and finally draws a curve chart with time as the horizontal axis and the corresponding indicator value as the vertical axis. Its advantage is that it can comprehensively and accurately collect air quality data in the tunnel, fully consider various influencing factors, so that the collected data can truly reflect the changing trend of air quality in the tunnel and the differences in different areas, and provide a reliable and detailed data basis for the adaptive flow compensation control of the subsequent ventilation system, which helps to more accurately analyze and deal with tunnel ventilation problems and improve the control effect and adaptability of the ventilation system.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows a flowchart of an exemplary tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S100 of the present application, and its contents include:

[0061] S110: Determine the data collection frequency.

[0062] Determine the appropriate sampling interval based on tunnel length, curve radius, vehicle flow and environmental factors to ensure that the data can reflect the changing trend of air quality in the tunnel.

[0063] In long tunnels or tunnels with small curve radii, air quality changes may be more dramatic, requiring more frequent data collection. Tunnels with heavy traffic have greater harmful gas emissions and require more frequent data collection. External environmental factors, such as wind speed and wind direction, can also affect tunnel air quality, and these factors need to be considered to adjust the frequency of data collection.

[0064] Exemplarily, by statistically analyzing historical data, the trend and periodicity of air quality changes are determined, thereby determining the frequency of data collection, such as collecting data every 1 minute or 5 minutes.

[0065] S120: Determine data collection points.

[0066] Professional air quality monitoring equipment should be installed at multiple key locations in the tunnel. The air quality monitoring equipment should be equipped with high-precision harmful gas concentration detection sensors, temperature sensors and pressure sensors. The installation locations of the equipment should be evenly distributed to ensure that the air quality conditions in different areas of the tunnel can be fully and accurately reflected. For example, monitoring points are set at the entrance, middle section and exit of the tunnel, and monitoring points are also appropriately arranged in the curved and straight sections to fully consider the differences in air quality at different locations in the tunnel.

[0067] S130: Determine data collection indicators.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the air quality monitoring device includes a harmful gas concentration detection sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, which respectively monitor the harmful gas concentration, temperature, and pressure to more comprehensively evaluate the air quality.

[0069] The harmful gas concentration detection sensor performs real-time monitoring and data collection of harmful gases in the tunnel at set time intervals. Common harmful gases include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc. The concentration value of harmful gases collected each time is recorded, and the data is sorted and stored in chronological order. For example, the CO concentration collected in the first 5 minutes is x1ppm, the NO2 concentration is y1ppm, and the SO2 concentration is z1ppm, and these data are recorded as the harmful gas concentration data for this time period.

[0070] Similarly, the temperature sensor collects the temperature in the tunnel. Temperature data is important for evaluating the thermal environment in the tunnel and its impact on ventilation needs. Each temperature value collected is recorded, usually in degrees Celsius (℃). For example, the temperature in the tunnel collected at a certain moment is T1℃, and it is included in the air quality data for that time period.

[0071] The collection of pressure data is also essential, as it reflects the air pressure conditions in the tunnel and has a certain impact on the operation of the ventilation system and air flow. The monitoring equipment accurately measures the pressure value in the tunnel, generally in Pascal (Pa). For example, the pressure value collected at a specific time point is P1Pa, which is recorded as the pressure data for the corresponding time period.

[0072] S140: Draw an air quality index curve.

[0073] According to the sorted air quality data, the harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve are drawn respectively. With time as the horizontal axis and the harmful gas concentration value, temperature value and pressure value as the vertical axis, the corresponding curve chart is generated using drawing software or data analysis tools. These curves intuitively show the changing trend of the air quality indicators in the tunnel over time, providing an important basis for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0074] S200 selects appropriate polynomial functions to fit the harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve to obtain a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution. The ventilation demand function expression is calculated by integrating the relationship between the principles of gas dilution, heat conduction convection and Bernoulli equation and ventilation flow. S200 can accurately fit the air quality data curve, construct a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution, and scientifically and rationally consider the relationship between multiple physical principles and ventilation flow to determine the ventilation demand, providing an accurate model foundation and demand calculation basis for the subsequent flow compensation control of the ventilation system, which helps to achieve more efficient and accurate tunnel ventilation control and ensure the optimized operation of the air quality and ventilation system in the tunnel.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 3 , which shows a flowchart of an exemplary tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S200 of the present application, and its contents include:

[0076] S210: Select a suitable polynomial function for fitting according to the shapes and trends of the harmful gas concentration curve, the temperature curve, and the pressure curve in the air quality index curve.

[0077] In a possible implementation, for the harmful gas concentration curve, a harmful gas concentration function is provided. ,in, Indicates the concentration of harmful gases. Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of the quadratic polynomial function. Observe the fitting effect by plotting the comparison chart of the fitting curve and the actual data points. If the fitting effect is not good, use the cubic polynomial function , Indicates the concentration of harmful gases. Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of a cubic polynomial function.

[0078] In a possible implementation, for the temperature curve, the temperature function is assumed to be ,in, Indicates the temperature value, Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of the quadratic polynomial function. Observe the fitting effect by plotting the comparison chart of the fitting curve and the actual data points. If the fitting effect is not good, use the cubic polynomial function , Indicates the temperature value, Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of a cubic polynomial function.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the pressure curve, assuming the pressure function is ,in, Indicates the pressure value. Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of the quadratic polynomial function. Observe the fitting effect by plotting the comparison chart of the fitting curve and the actual data points. If the fitting effect is not good, use the cubic polynomial function , Indicates the pressure value. Indicates time, Represents the coefficients of a cubic polynomial function.

[0080] After determining the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function, the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, temperature function coefficient and pressure function coefficient are determined.

[0081] In a possible implementation, the least square method is used to determine the coefficient values ​​of the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, the temperature function coefficient, and the pressure function coefficient that minimize the sum of square errors between the fitting curve and the actual data points.

[0082] The specific calculation method is:

[0083] For each data point , is the number of data points, They are Substitute the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the points into the polynomial function to get the fitting value , and then calculate the sum of squared errors By setting the partial derivative of the error sum of squares with respect to the polynomial coefficients to 0, a system of equations is established and solved to obtain the optimal coefficient value. , is the degree of the polynomial.

[0084] Take the quadratic polynomial fitting of harmful gas concentration as an example. Data points , They are Substitute the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the points into the quadratic polynomial function to get the fitting value .

[0085] Calculate the sum of squared errors ,in, represents the sum of squared errors.

[0086] The sum of squared errors about the coefficient Find the partial derivatives and set them to 0, and we get the system of equations:

[0087] ;

[0088] ;

[0089] ;

[0090] Solving the system of equations gives the coefficients The value of .

[0091] The method for solving the coefficients of cubic polynomials and temperature and pressure functions is similar.

[0092] S220: Establish a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel.

[0093] According to the fitted harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function, a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel is constructed. In three-dimensional space, a coordinate system is established with the harmful gas concentration, temperature and pressure at the corresponding time as the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates. The fitting function is plotted on the corresponding coordinate plane to obtain a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution.

[0094] For example, at a certain moment, the harmful gas concentration value at that moment is calculated by using the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function. , temperature value , pressure value , determine a point in three-dimensional space ( , , ), connects points at multiple moments to form a three-dimensional spatial curve that describes the change of air quality over time.

[0095] S230: Calculate a ventilation demand function expression according to a relationship between the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel and the ventilation flow rate.

[0096] According to the principle of gas dilution, the greater the ventilation flow, the faster the concentration of harmful gases decreases;

[0097] According to the formula of heat conduction and convection, ventilation can take away the heat in the tunnel. The change in temperature is proportional to the ventilation flow and temperature difference, and inversely proportional to the heat capacity of the tunnel.

[0098] According to Bernoulli's equation of fluid mechanics, changes in ventilation flow will cause changes in pressure.

[0099] Based on the above relationships, the ventilation demand function expression is constructed as follows:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, is the ventilation flow rate, is the initial harmful gas concentration, is the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel, is the external ambient temperature, is the temperature in the tunnel, It is the pressure that needs to be adjusted in the tunnel, which is the difference between the set standard pressure and the actual pressure in the tunnel. is the coefficient of the ventilation demand function.

[0102] S300 calculates the compensation ventilation flow in different time periods based on the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel and the ventilation demand function expression, and adjusts the operating parameters of the ventilation equipment based on the compensation amount. This step can accurately calculate the difference between the ventilation demand and the actual operation in different time periods according to the actual situation, and realize the dynamic adjustment of the operating parameters of the ventilation equipment, so as to more accurately control the air quality in the tunnel, so that the ventilation system can optimize the operating efficiency as much as possible, reduce energy consumption, reduce costs, and improve the adaptive adjustment ability and overall operation effect of the ventilation system while meeting the air quality standards.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 4 , which shows a flowchart of an exemplary tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S300 of the present application, and its contents include:

[0104] S310: Calculate the ventilation flow rate in each time period.

[0105] According to the operation characteristics of the tunnel and the time interval for data collection, the time is divided into several appropriate time periods. The three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel is used to obtain the concentration, temperature and pressure values ​​of harmful gases. The concentration, temperature and pressure values ​​of harmful gases are then introduced into the ventilation demand function expression to obtain the ventilation flow rate in each time period.

[0106] S320: Calculate the difference between the ventilation flow rate and the actual ventilation flow rate to obtain the compensated ventilation flow rate.

[0107] Get the current actual ventilation flow from the ventilation system control system , for example, through parameters such as fan speed and valve opening, and calculate the actual ventilation flow.

[0108] The ventilation flow calculated in step S310 is compared with the current actual ventilation flow, and the difference between the two is calculated, i.e., the compensation ventilation flow. ,Right now . Compensation ventilation flow It represents the difference between the actual operating status of the current ventilation system and the ideal ventilation status calculated based on the air quality model and demand function.

[0109] S330: Output the calculated configuration plan corresponding to the compensated ventilation flow and pass it to the ventilation system control system. The ventilation equipment is controlled by the ventilation system control system to form a preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan.

[0110] if , indicating that the actual ventilation flow is less than the ventilation flow required by the model calculation, and the ventilation flow needs to be increased to meet the air quality requirements. This is achieved by adjusting the operating parameters of the ventilation equipment (such as the fan speed, damper opening, etc.). For example, for the fan, the fan speed that needs to be increased or the frequency that needs to be adjusted is calculated based on the size of the compensation ventilation flow, and then a control instruction is sent to the fan control system to make the fan operate according to the new parameters to increase the ventilation flow to meet the needs of the model calculation.

[0111] if , it means that the actual ventilation flow rate is greater than the model calculated value, and it may be necessary to appropriately reduce the ventilation flow rate by reducing the fan speed accordingly or closing some ventilation channels.

[0112] By calculating the compensation ventilation flow, adaptive flow compensation control of the tunnel ventilation system is achieved, the effect and efficiency of tunnel ventilation are improved, and the air quality and driving safety in the tunnel are guaranteed.

[0113] S400 comprehensively considers boundary restriction criteria such as the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment, energy consumption limit and cost limit, reasonably adjusts and optimizes the ventilation compensation flow, and finally determines a ventilation compensation flow configuration plan that meets both the tunnel air quality requirements and the actual operating conditions, that is, the final tunnel ventilation system control plan, to achieve scientific management and sustainable development of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0114] Please refer to Figure 5 , which shows a flowchart of an exemplary tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method S400 of the present application, and its contents include:

[0115] S410: Determine the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment based on the actual operational needs and priorities of the tunnel.

[0116] For example, for some tunnels with very high air quality requirements (such as long tunnels, tunnels with heavy traffic, etc.), more emphasis will be placed on meeting the maximum operating capacity and air quality requirements of the ventilation equipment, even if this may lead to a slight increase in energy consumption and costs. For some tunnels with high energy costs or limited budgets, energy consumption and cost constraints may be more important, and it is necessary to reduce energy consumption and costs as much as possible while ensuring a certain air quality.

[0117] In a possible implementation, a weight coefficient is formulated to indicate the importance of each factor. Suppose the weight of the maximum operating capacity of the ventilation equipment is , the weight of energy consumption limit is , the weight of the cost constraint is ,and . Determine the value of the weight coefficient according to the actual situation. , , , indicating that the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment is relatively important, and energy consumption and cost constraints are also of certain importance.

[0118] S420: Based on the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment, the ventilation compensation flow is comprehensively analyzed and adjusted.

[0119] Taking ventilation compensation flow as variable, a comprehensive evaluation function of boundary restriction criteria is established:

[0120] ;

[0121] in, represents the comprehensive evaluation function, Indicates ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment, Represents the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption, The function representing the influence of ventilation compensation flow rate on cost;

[0122] Ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment It is expressed as:

[0123] ;

[0124] in, Indicates the maximum ventilation volume of the ventilation equipment. is an adjustment factor used to adjust the rate of change of the function.

[0125] Function of the influence of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption It is expressed as:

[0126] ;

[0127] in, Represents the relationship between the energy consumption of the ventilation system and the compensating ventilation flow rate, Indicates the upper limit of energy consumption. is an adjustment factor.

[0128] Function of the impact of ventilation compensation flow on cost It is expressed as:

[0129] ;

[0130] in, represents the relationship between the total cost and the compensation ventilation flow, represents the upper limit of the cost, is an adjustment factor.

[0131] By optimizing the comprehensive evaluation function , find the ventilation compensation flow value with the maximum calculation function value under the premise of satisfying various restriction factors.

[0132] S430: After comprehensive analysis and adjustment of the ventilation compensation flow, the final ventilation compensation flow configuration plan is determined, that is, the final tunnel ventilation system control plan.

[0133] The plan includes the specific value of ventilation compensation flow and the corresponding ventilation equipment operating parameters (such as fan speed, damper opening, etc.), operation schedule and energy-saving control strategy, etc. At the same time, a detailed implementation plan and emergency plan are formulated to deal with possible special situations (such as equipment failure, sudden deterioration of air quality, etc.).

[0134] The final plan should be recorded in a written report, including the details of the plan, implementation steps, expected results, and subsequent monitoring and evaluation plans. During the operation of the ventilation system, indicators such as ventilation effect, energy consumption and cost should be continuously monitored, and the plan should be adjusted and optimized according to actual conditions to ensure the safe, efficient, energy-saving and economical operation of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0135] The basic principles of the present application are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. are required by each embodiment of the present application. In addition, the specific details disclosed above are only for the purpose of illustration and ease of understanding, rather than limitation, and the above details do not limit the present application to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.

[0136] The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems involved in this application are only illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, and configured in the manner shown in the block diagram. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, these devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. are open words, referring to "including but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with them. The words "or" and "and" used here refer to the words "and / or" and can be used interchangeably with them, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The words "such as" used here refer to the phrase "such as but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with them.

[0137] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, device and method of the present application, each component or each step can be decomposed and / or recombined. Such decomposition and / or recombination should be regarded as equivalent solutions of the present application.

[0138] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present invention.

[0139] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation system adaptive flow compensation control method, characterized in that: include: Collect air quality data within a set time in the tunnel, and obtain air quality index curves based on the collected data; The harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve in the air quality index curve are fitted with polynomial functions to obtain a three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel; the ventilation demand function expression is calculated based on the relationship between the harmful gas concentration, temperature, pressure data and ventilation flow in the tunnel; According to the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel and the ventilation demand function expression, the compensation ventilation flow in different time periods is calculated, and the preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan is determined based on the compensation ventilation flow; Establish boundary restriction criteria, and determine the final tunnel ventilation system control plan based on the preliminary tunnel ventilation system control plan and the boundary restriction criteria; Among them, the steps to determine the final tunnel ventilation system control plan include: Determine the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment according to the actual operational needs and priorities of the tunnel; Comprehensively analyze and adjust the ventilation compensation flow based on the weight coefficients of the maximum operating capacity, energy consumption limit and cost limit of the ventilation equipment; After comprehensive analysis and adjustment of the ventilation compensation flow, the final ventilation compensation flow configuration plan is determined, that is, the final tunnel ventilation system control plan; The polynomial function fitting method of the harmful gas concentration curve, temperature curve and pressure curve is as follows: firstly, a quadratic polynomial function is used for fitting. If the fitting effect cannot be achieved, a cubic polynomial function is used for fitting, so as to obtain the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function; after determining the harmful gas concentration function, temperature function and pressure function, the least square method is used to determine the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, temperature function coefficient and pressure function coefficient; The calculation method for determining the harmful gas concentration function coefficient, temperature function coefficient and pressure function coefficient using the least squares method is: For each data point , is the number of data points, They are Substitute the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the points into the polynomial function to get the fitting value , and then calculate the sum of squared errors ; By setting the partial derivative of the error sum of squares with respect to the polynomial coefficients to 0, establish a system of equations and solve them to obtain the optimal coefficient value , is the degree of the polynomial; The three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel is constructed in the following manner: in a three-dimensional space, a coordinate system is established with the concentration of harmful gases, temperature and pressure at corresponding time as horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates respectively, and the fitting function is plotted on the corresponding coordinate plane to obtain the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution; The ventilation demand function expression is: ； in, is the ventilation flow rate, is the initial harmful gas concentration, is the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel, is the external ambient temperature, is the temperature in the tunnel, It is the pressure that needs to be adjusted in the tunnel, which is the difference between the set standard pressure and the actual pressure in the tunnel. is the coefficient of ventilation demand function; The boundary restriction criterion is determined by a boundary restriction criterion comprehensive evaluation function, and the boundary restriction criterion comprehensive evaluation function is: ； in, represents the comprehensive evaluation function, Indicates ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment, Represents the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption, represents the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on cost, Indicates the compensating ventilation flow; , and are the weight of the maximum operating capacity of the ventilation equipment, the weight of the energy consumption limit, and the weight of the cost limit, respectively. ; Among them, ventilation compensation flow Function affecting the maximum operating capacity of ventilation equipment It is expressed as: ； in, Indicates the maximum ventilation volume of the ventilation equipment. is an adjustment factor used to adjust the rate of change of the function; Among them, the influence function of ventilation compensation flow on energy consumption is It is expressed as: ； in, Represents the relationship between the energy consumption of the ventilation system and the compensating ventilation flow rate, Indicates the upper limit of energy consumption. is an adjustment factor; Among them, the function of the influence of ventilation compensation flow on cost is It is expressed as: ； in, represents the relationship between the total cost and the compensation ventilation flow, represents the upper limit of the cost, is an adjustment factor.

2. The method for adaptive flow compensation control of a tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air quality data collection method is: determining the data collection frequency, determining the data collection points and determining the data collection indicators; Wherein, the data collection frequency is determined according to tunnel length, curve radius, vehicle flow and environmental factors; The data collection points include: the entrance, middle section and exit of the tunnel, the curved section and straight section of the tunnel; Among them, the data collection indicators include harmful gas concentration, temperature, and pressure.

3. The method for adaptive flow compensation control of a tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation ventilation flow calculation step comprises: Use the three-dimensional model of air quality distribution in the tunnel to obtain the concentration, temperature and pressure values ​​of harmful gases; Substitute the harmful gas concentration value, temperature value, and pressure value into the ventilation demand function expression to obtain the ventilation flow rate in each time period; Calculate the difference between the ventilation flow rate and the actual ventilation flow rate to obtain the compensated ventilation flow rate .

4. The method for adaptive flow compensation control of a tunnel ventilation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preliminary tunnel ventilation system control scheme includes: if , it means that the actual ventilation flow rate is less than the ventilation flow rate required by the calculation, and the ventilation flow rate needs to be increased; if , it means that the actual ventilation flow rate is greater than the ventilation flow rate required for calculation, and the ventilation flow rate needs to be reduced.

5. The method for adaptive flow compensation control of a tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The final tunnel ventilation system control scheme includes: specific values ​​of ventilation compensation flow and corresponding ventilation equipment operating parameters, operating time schedule and energy-saving control strategy.

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