A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of civil engineering technology, and more particularly to a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device and test method, the test device comprising a support assembly, a lower clamping assembly, an upper clamping assembly and a monitoring assembly, the lower clamping assembly being inserted on the support assembly and fixedly connected thereto, the lower clamping assembly comprising a lower support, the upper surface of the lower support being fixedly clamped by a lower clamping block and a lower clamping plate to hold a cement block sample or a casting box, the upper clamping assembly being movably arranged above the lower clamping assembly, the upper clamping assembly comprising an upper support, the lower surface of the upper support being fixedly clamped by an upper clamping block and an upper clamping plate to hold a steel block sample, the upper surface of the support assembly being provided with a U-shaped slideway, and the monitoring assembly being slidably arranged on the U-shaped slideway. The present test method is applied to the above-mentioned test device, the detachable lower support and upper support are more convenient for the installation and disassembly of cement block samples and steel block samples, and the slidably arranged monitoring assembly can monitor and sample the shear surface from different angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] The anchor system is a support system widely used in geotechnical engineering. Its load transfer capacity is a key factor affecting the reinforcement effect. The load transfer mechanism is usually controlled by many factors: two interfaces (i.e., anchor-grouting interface and rock-grouting interface), the mechanical properties of anchor and grouting materials, etc. The anchor-grouting interface has been considered to be the weakest link in the rock anchor system. The anchor reinforcement effect can be largely attributed to the bond strength of the anchor-grouting anchoring interface. The bond strength of the fully grouted anchor consists of three components: chemical bonding force, friction force and mechanical interlocking force. Among them, the mechanical interlocking force accounts for the most important part, which is mainly related to the mechanical properties of the grouting material, the surrounding rock conditions and the shape of the anchor. The friction resistance can only have an effect after relative movement.

[0003] At present, the methods for studying the shear behavior of the anchor-grouting interface usually adopt push-out test and pull-out test. Due to the Poisson effect of the anchor, the interface shear strength obtained by the push-out test is inconsistent with that of the pull-out test. In addition, the lack of measured lateral displacement and radial stress during the push-out and pull-out process makes it difficult to intuitively observe the shear deformation and failure characteristics of the interface. In addition, the normal stress and shear stress of the interface may be uneven during the pull-out process, and the obtained macroscopic pull-out stress-strain curve is difficult to reflect the constitutive relationship of the stress and strain of the interface itself. At the same time, the conventional pull-out test monitors the strain under the pull-out load by pasting strain gauges on the anchor rod body. The strain gauge measurement is easily affected by temperature and humidity, interface damage, etc. and errors may occur. In addition, there is also a direct shear method of the metal-cement interface under constant normal constraint, but the shape of the anchor / mortar interface is often simplified to trapezoidal interlocking, which is simply attributed to several trapezoidal plane parameters, which does not conform to the characteristics of the real anchor / grouting interface. The most essential shear constitutive relationship of the anchor-grouting interface is difficult to clarify. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device and test method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device, comprising a support assembly, a lower clamping assembly, an upper clamping assembly and a monitoring assembly, wherein a mounting seat is slidably arranged on the upper part of the support assembly, the lower clamping assembly is inserted in the mounting seat and fixedly connected to the mounting seat by screws, the lower clamping assembly comprises a lower support, the upper surface of the lower support is fixedly clamped with a cement block sample or a casting box by a lower clamping block and a lower clamping plate, the upper clamping assembly is movably arranged above the lower clamping assembly, the upper clamping assembly comprises an upper support plate and an upper support, the upper support is inserted at the lower end of the upper support plate, the lower surface of the upper support is fixedly clamped with a steel block sample by an upper clamping block and an upper clamping plate, a plurality of ribs are arranged on the lower surface of the steel block sample, a rib groove corresponding to the ribs is arranged on the upper surface of the cement block sample, the ribs are plugged into or separated from the rib grooves, a U-shaped slide is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper surface of the support assembly, and the monitoring assembly is slidably arranged on the U-shaped slide.

[0006] Furthermore, the support assembly also includes a base, a receiving groove is opened in the middle of the upper surface of the base, a plurality of rollers are rotatably arranged at the bottom of the receiving groove, sliding grooves are opened on both sides of the receiving groove, sliding bars are fixedly arranged on both sides of the mounting seat, the sliding bars are slidably connected to the sliding grooves, the rollers are rollingly connected to the bottom of the mounting seat, and a plurality of supporting hydraulic cylinders are arranged around the upper surface of the base, and the piston rod ends of the supporting hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper support plate.

[0007] Furthermore, a servo hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of one end of the base away from the U-shaped slide, and the piston rod end of the servo hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat. A linear displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one end of the accommodating groove away from the U-shaped slide, and the sliding end of the linear displacement sensor is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat.

[0008] Furthermore, the interior of the lower support is hollow, and a lower clamping motor is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the lower support. A lower moving screw is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the lower clamping motor and the inner wall of the lower support. The lower clamping block is threadedly connected to the lower moving screw. A plurality of lower clamping hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower clamping motor, and the piston rod ends of the lower clamping hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the lower clamping plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the interior of the upper support is hollow, and an upper clamping motor is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the upper support. An upper moving screw is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the upper clamping motor and the inner wall of the upper support. The upper clamping block is threadedly connected to the upper moving screw. Two upper clamping hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper clamping motor, and the piston rod ends of the upper clamping hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the upper clamping plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a T-shaped block is fixedly provided at the upper end of the upper support, a T-shaped groove is opened on one side of the lower end of the upper support plate, the T-shaped block is inserted in the T-shaped groove, a trapezoidal groove is opened in the middle of the lower end of the T-shaped groove, a trapezoidal block is movably provided in the middle of the T-shaped block, the trapezoidal block is plugged into or separated from the trapezoidal groove, and a laser displacement sensor is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the upper support plate away from the T-shaped groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a U-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the U-shaped slide, and the monitoring assembly includes a slide seat, a boss is fixedly provided at the lower end of the slide seat, the boss is slidably connected to the U-shaped groove, the lower surface of the slide seat is slidably connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped slide, a toothed belt is provided below the U-shaped slide via a transmission gear, a connecting block is fixedly provided on one side of the lower surface of the slide seat, and the connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer side of the toothed belt.

[0012] Furthermore, an adjusting hydraulic cylinder is provided at the upper end of the slide, a supporting block is fixedly provided at the end of the piston rod of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, a DIC camera is rotatably provided on the supporting block through a worm gear structure, a plurality of lighting lamps are provided on the upper part of a side of the supporting block away from the DIC camera, and the DIC camera and the lighting lamps are both facing the abutment between the steel block sample and the cement block sample.

[0013] Furthermore, a bottom plate is inserted at the bottom of the casting box, and the lower surface of the bottom plate is abutted or separated from the upper surface of the lower support. Two baffles are symmetrically inserted on the bottom plate, and a first plug plate and a second plug plate are inserted between each baffle and the inner wall of the casting box. The first plug plate and the second plug plate are plugged through a slot, and the steel block sample is placed between the two baffles, and the end surface of the steel block sample without ribs is abutted against the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the end of the steel block sample with ribs faces upward.

[0014] A real anchor bolt-grouting interface shear test method is applied to any of the real anchor bolt-grouting interface shear test devices, and the steps are as follows:

[0015] S1: Based on the three-dimensional scanning technology, the digital feature model of the support anchor is obtained, the rib features of the digital feature model are unfolded into a plane along the circumference to obtain the anchor simulation body, the steel ingot is selected to cut and finely process the rectangular steel block sample, and the anchor simulation body file is imported into the metal engraving machine to finely carve the upper surface of the steel block sample to produce the steel block sample for the real anchor-grouting interface shear test;

[0016] S2: After the bottom plate and the casting box are plugged in, they are placed on the lower support. The lower clamping assembly clamps the casting box, two baffles are inserted into the casting box, and the steel block sample is placed between the two baffles, with the side of the steel block sample provided with ribs facing upwards. Cement is prepared according to the ratio of Portland cement: river sand: water: early strength calcium oxalate = 1:1:0.44:0.03 and cast between the two baffles. After the casting is completed, it is placed on a vibration table for a set time, and then the upper part of the casting box is scraped flat and sealed. After the casting box and the lower support are placed in a constant temperature and humidity curing box for a set number of days, the casting box is removed and the cement block sample and the steel block sample are taken out;

[0017] S3: Spray scattered spots evenly on the side surface of the cement block sample with spray paint, clamp the cement block sample with the lower clamping assembly, fasten the lower clamping assembly carrying the cement block sample with the mounting seat, clamp the steel block sample with the upper clamping assembly, start the supporting hydraulic cylinder to lower the steel block sample and fit it with the cement block sample;

[0018] S4: Start the moving motor to make the monitoring component move with the toothed belt. The DIC camera monitors different side surfaces of the cement block sample. The DIC camera and the lighting lamp are debugged to obtain a clear image of the sample. A set of image information collected by the DIC camera at different positions on the U-shaped slide is recorded as T o ;

[0019] S5: Start the servo hydraulic cylinder to set the constant shear force displacement control, start the support hydraulic cylinder, set different constant normal stress and constant normal stiffness constraints, and conduct direct shear test. At the same time, the linear displacement sensor and laser displacement sensor record the displacement change, adjust the camera exposure frequency to be the same as the test machine acquisition frequency, and collect the speckle change image information once every interval t during the entire deformation process and record it as T oa ;

[0020] S6: Based on the test results obtained in S4 and S5, analyze the T of each group under different normal constraints. o Different T oa The speckle changes at different times can provide data on interface shear strength, peak displacement, ultimate displacement, residual strength and other characteristics;

[0021] S7: Divide the anchor simulation body into a mesh and import it into the finite element analysis software. Perform simulation analysis according to the force applied in the test. Compare and analyze the characteristic data of the test results with the numerical simulation results of the finite element analysis software to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention provides a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device, which clamps the cement block sample through the lower clamping component and the steel block sample through the upper clamping component, and performs the anchor rod-grouting interface shear test under the action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder and the servo hydraulic cylinder. The detachable lower support and the upper support are more convenient for the installation and disassembly of the cement block sample and the steel block sample, and the operation process is simple. The sliding monitoring component can monitor and sample the shear surface from different angles. The use of a DIC camera can intuitively monitor the interface damage characteristics and damage stages. At the same time, the height of the DIC camera can be changed by adjusting the hydraulic cylinder to make the camera's monitoring orientation more comprehensive. The adjustable baffle can cooperate with the first plug plate and the second plug plate to cast steel blocks of different sizes, and the adaptability is wider. The uniformity and consistency of the anchor rod-grouting interface can be ensured by customizing the mold and cooperating with the grouting casting method of the casting box, and the support anchor rod representing the engineering site more realistically and accurately is more economical and simple to manufacture, easy to implement, and more widely applicable.

[0024] 2. The present invention provides a real anchor-grouting interface shear test method. Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and mathematical analysis, two constraint conditions, constant normal load and constant normal stiffness, are used to simulate the actual constraints of the anchor-grouting interface, and direct shear of the interface under different normal constraints is performed, thereby achieving uniform distribution of shear stress on the bonding surface during interface shear failure. The two normal constraints correspond to the two boundary conditions of surface, shallow buried non-anchored slope engineering and deep buried underground engineering, respectively, and clarify the test conditions for different working conditions. The digital image correlation method is used to replace the traditional strain gauge measurement, which is not affected by temperature, humidity, patch conditions, etc., saves operation process, is more convenient and accurate, and uses DIC technology to monitor the interface failure process, which can intuitively and accurately obtain the interface shear failure characteristics, which can be used for comparative analysis of numerical simulation after relevant processing, which is more reliable and comprehensive. The results of Rhino modeling can not only be used for engraving machines, but also can be imported into finite element analysis software for numerical simulation. The data obtained from the test are compared and analyzed with the results of numerical simulation to explore the shear properties of the anchor-grouting interface under different normal constraints. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the real anchor-grouting interface shear test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention when no sample is installed;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the base and the mounting base according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base and the lower clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when pouring a cement block sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0034] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the pouring box structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the pouring box and bottom plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper clamping assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of an upper support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.15 for Fig.11 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0040] Fig.16 This is the engineering background diagram corresponding to the anchor-grouting interface under different normal constraints;

[0041] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the radial assumed rotational invariance of the anchor-grouting interface;

[0042] Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of DIC camera monitoring;

[0043] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of Rhino software operation when unfolding the plane for the anchor side rib feature;

[0044] Fig. 20 The actual image of the support anchor and the 3D scanning result image;

[0045] Fig.21Drawing model and engraving solid model diagram for anchor simulation body.

[0046] In the figure: 1, support assembly; 11, base; 111, receiving groove; 112, roller; 113, slideway; 12, servo hydraulic cylinder; 13, linear displacement sensor; 14, support hydraulic cylinder; 15, U-shaped slideway; 151, U-shaped groove; 152, first transmission gear; 153, second transmission gear; 154, guide column; 155, cover plate; 156, mobile motor; 157, toothed belt; 16, mounting seat; 161 , limit slot; 162, slide bar; 2, lower clamping assembly; 21, lower support; 211, limit block; 22, lower clamping motor; 221, lower moving screw rod; 222, lower clamping block; 23, lower clamping hydraulic cylinder; 231, lower clamping plate; 24, cement block sample; 25, casting box; 2501, first slot; 251, first plug plate; 2511, first plug block; 2512, slot; 252, second plug plate; 25 21. Second plug block; 2522. Card block; 253. Bottom plate; 2531. Bottom slot; 254. Baffle plate; 2541. Second slot; 2542. Bottom block; 3. Upper clamping assembly; 31. Upper support plate; 311. T-shaped slot; 312. Trapezoidal slot; 313. Laser displacement sensor; 32. Upper support; 321. T-shaped block; 33. Upper clamping motor; 331. Upper moving screw rod; 332. Upper clamping block; 34. Clamping hydraulic cylinder; 341, upper clamping plate; 35, limit hydraulic cylinder; 351, trapezoidal block; 36, steel block sample; 4, monitoring component; 41, slide seat; 411, connecting block; 412, boss; 42, adjusting hydraulic cylinder; 43, supporting block; 431, fixing plate; 432, rotating motor; 433, worm; 434, worm wheel; 435, supporting plate; 44, mounting block; 441, DIC camera; 45, lighting lamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the following description of the invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. The term "connection" only indicates the connection between devices and has no special meaning.

[0049] In addition, the technical fields and installation methods involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict between them.

[0050] Specific implementation: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 21 A real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device comprises a support assembly 1, a lower clamping assembly 2, an upper clamping assembly 3 and a monitoring assembly 4. A mounting seat 16 is slidably arranged on the upper part of the support assembly 1. The lower clamping assembly 2 is inserted into the mounting seat 16 and fixedly connected to the mounting seat 16 by screws. The lower clamping assembly 2 comprises a lower support 21. The upper surface of the lower support 21 is fixedly clamped with a cement block sample 24 or a casting box 25 by a lower clamping block 222 and a lower clamping plate 231. The upper clamping assembly 3 is movably arranged on the lower clamping assembly Above the component 2, the upper clamping assembly 3 includes an upper support plate 31 and an upper support 32. The upper support 32 is inserted at the lower end of the upper support plate 31. The lower surface of the upper support 32 is fixedly clamped with a steel block sample 36 by an upper clamping block 332 and an upper clamping plate 341. A plurality of ribs are arranged on the lower surface of the steel block sample 36. The upper surface of the cement block sample 24 is provided with rib grooves corresponding to the ribs. The ribs are connected or separated from the rib grooves. A U-shaped slide 15 is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper surface of the support assembly 1, and the monitoring assembly 4 is slidably arranged on the U-shaped slide 15.

[0051] Furthermore, the support assembly 1 also includes a base 11, a receiving groove 111 is opened in the middle of the upper surface of the base 11, a U-shaped slide 15 is fixedly arranged on the outside of the receiving groove 111, a plurality of rollers 112 are rotatably arranged at the bottom of the receiving groove 111, slide grooves 113 are opened on both sides of the receiving groove 111, the rollers 112 and the slide grooves 113 are vertically arranged, slide bars 162 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the mounting seat 16, the slide bars 162 are slidably connected to the slide grooves 113, and the rollers 112 are rollingly connected to the bottom of the mounting seat 16, a plurality of supporting hydraulic cylinders 14 are arranged around the upper surface of the base 11, the piston rod ends of the supporting hydraulic cylinders 14 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper support plate 31, a limiting groove 161 is opened in the middle of the upper surface of the mounting seat 16, and a limiting block 211 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the lower support 21, the limiting block 211 is plugged into the limiting groove 161 and fixedly connected by screws, and the cross-sectional shapes of the limiting block 211 and the limiting groove 161 are both cross-shaped.

[0052] Furthermore, a servo hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of one end of the base 11 away from the U-shaped slide 15, and the piston rod end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat 16. A linear displacement sensor 13 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one end of the accommodating groove 111 away from the U-shaped slide 15. The linear displacement sensor 13 is a device that converts a linear mechanical displacement into an electrical signal having a linear or arbitrary functional relationship with the linear mechanical displacement through a potentiometer element. A potentiometer designed for the purpose of measuring displacement requires a definite relationship between displacement change and resistance change. The variable resistor slide is usually fixed on the fixed position of the sensor. The different resistance values ​​are measured by the displacement of the slide on the slide rail. The slide end of the linear displacement sensor 13 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat 16. The cylinder body of the servo hydraulic cylinder 12 and the moving end of the linear displacement sensor 13 are perpendicular to the roller 112. The cement block sample 24 is clamped by the lower clamping assembly 2, and the steel block sample 36 is clamped by the upper clamping assembly 3. The anchor rod-grouting interface shear test is carried out under the action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 14 and the servo hydraulic cylinder 12. The detachable lower support 21 and the upper support 32 are more convenient for the installation and disassembly of the cement block sample 24 and the steel block sample 36, and the operation process is simple.

[0053] Furthermore, the interior of the lower support 21 is hollow, and a lower clamping motor 22 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower support 21. A lower moving screw rod 221 is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the lower clamping motor 22 and the inner wall of the lower support 21. The lower clamping motor 22 is a double-output shaft motor. The lower end of the lower clamping block 222 is threadedly connected to the lower moving screw rod 221, and the threads of the two lower moving screw rods 221 are arranged in opposite directions. When the lower clamping motor 22 is started, the two lower clamping blocks 222 can be driven to approach or move away from each other through the lower moving screw rod 221, and the upper end of the lower clamping block 222 extends in a direction close to the upper clamping assembly 3. The cement block sample 24 or the casting box 25 is located between the two lower clamping blocks 222. A plurality of lower clamping The lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23 has a piston rod end that is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower clamping plate 231, and the upper end of the lower clamping plate 231 extends toward the direction close to the upper clamping assembly 3. The multiple lower clamping plates 231 on the same side are a group, and the cement block sample 24 or the casting box 25 is located between the two groups of lower clamping plates 231. The length of the lower clamping block 222 and the lower clamping plate 231 extending toward the upper clamping assembly 3 is less than the height of the cement block sample 24. The cylinder body of the lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23 is arranged in parallel with the cylinder body of the servo hydraulic cylinder 12. The cement block sample 24 is clamped by the lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23 to prevent the screw mechanism of the servo hydraulic cylinder 12 from failing to clamp the cement block sample 24 when the mounting seat 16 is pulled, and even causing damage to the screw.

[0054] Furthermore, the interior of the upper support 32 is hollow, and an upper clamping motor 33 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper support 32. An upper moving screw rod 331 is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the upper clamping motor 33 and the inner wall of the upper support 32. The upper clamping motor 33 is a double-output shaft motor. The upper end of the upper clamping block 332 is threadedly connected to the upper moving screw rod 331. The threads of the two upper moving screw rods 331 are arranged in opposite directions. When the upper clamping motor 33 is started, the upper moving screw rod 331 can be used to drive the two upper clamping blocks 332 to move closer to or away from each other, and the lower end of the upper clamping block 332 moves closer to the lower clamping assembly 2. The upper clamping motor 33 extends in the direction of rotation, and two upper clamping hydraulic cylinders 34 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper clamping motor 33. The piston rod ends of the upper clamping hydraulic cylinders 34 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper clamping plate 341, and the lower end of the upper clamping plate 341 extends toward the direction close to the lower clamping assembly 2. The cylinder body of the upper clamping hydraulic cylinder 34 is arranged parallel to the cylinder body of the lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23. The steel block sample 36 is located between the two upper clamping blocks 332 and the two upper clamping plates 341. The length of the upper clamping block 332 and the upper clamping plate 341 extending toward the lower clamping assembly 2 is less than the height of the steel block sample 36.

[0055] Furthermore, a T-shaped block 321 is fixedly provided at the upper end of the upper support 32, a T-shaped slot 311 is provided at one side of the lower end of the upper support plate 31, the T-shaped block 321 is inserted into the T-shaped slot 311, a trapezoidal slot 312 is provided in the middle of the lower end of the T-shaped slot 311, mounting slots are symmetrically provided on both sides of the middle of the T-shaped block 321, a limiting hydraulic cylinder 35 is provided in the mounting slot, a trapezoidal block 351 is fixedly provided at the end of the piston rod of the limiting hydraulic cylinder 35, the trapezoidal block 351 is plugged into or separated from the trapezoidal slot 312, and when the piston rod of the limiting hydraulic cylinder 35 is completely When retracted, the trapezoidal block 351 is entirely located in the mounting groove, that is, when the trapezoidal block 351 is fully retracted, it will not affect the connection between the T-block 321 and the T-slot 311; when the trapezoidal block 351 is extended, it is plugged into the trapezoidal slot 312, fastening the upper support 32 and the upper support plate 31 together to prevent displacement of the upper support 32 and the upper support plate 31 during the test; a laser displacement sensor 313 is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the upper support plate 31 away from the T-slot 311, and the laser emitting end of the laser displacement sensor 313 faces the base 11.

[0056] Furthermore, a U-shaped groove 151 is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the U-shaped slide 15, the monitoring component 4 includes a slide 41, a convex column 412 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the slide 41, the convex column 412 is slidably connected to the U-shaped groove 151, the cross-section of the U-shaped groove 151 is convex, the lower surface of the slide 41 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped slide 15, the ends of the U-shaped slide 15 are rotatably provided with a first transmission gear 152, the corners of the U-shaped slide 15 are rotatably provided with a second transmission gear 153, the first transmission gear 152 and the second transmission gear 153 are connected by a toothed belt 157, the toothed belt 157 is located below the U-shaped slide 15, and the U-shaped slide A cover plate 155 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the corner of the track 15, and a guide column 154 is rotatably provided between the lower part of the end of the cover plate 155 away from the second transmission gear 153 and the base 11, the outer side of the toothed belt 157 is rollingly connected to the outer wall of the guide column 154, and the end of the second transmission gear 153 close to the guide column 154 is not in contact with the toothed belt 157, and a moving motor 156 is provided on the side of the base 11 away from the servo hydraulic cylinder 12, and the output shaft of the moving motor 156 is fixedly connected to one of the second transmission gears 153, and a connecting block 411 is fixedly provided on one side of the lower surface of the slide 41, and the connecting block 411 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the toothed belt 157.

[0057] Furthermore, an adjusting hydraulic cylinder 42 is provided at the upper end of the slide 41, and a supporting block 43 is fixedly provided at the end of the piston rod of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 42. Two supporting plates 435 are spaced apart on the upper surface of the supporting block 43, and a mounting block 44 is rotatably provided between the two supporting plates 435. Two fixing plates 431 are spaced apart on one side of the upper surface of the supporting block 43, and a worm 433 is rotatably provided between the two fixing plates 431. A worm wheel 434 is rotatably provided on the outer side of one of the supporting plates 435, and the worm wheel 434 is fixedly connected to the mounting block 44 through a connecting shaft, and the worm wheel 434 is meshingly connected to the worm 433 for transmission, and a rotating motor 432 is fixedly provided on the outer side of one of the fixing plates 431. The output shaft of the rotating motor 432 is fixedly connected to the worm 433, and a DIC camera 441 is fixedly set on one side of the mounting block 44. The DIC camera 441 faces the junction between the steel block sample 36 and the cement block sample 24. The sliding monitoring component 4 can monitor and sample the shear surface from different angles. The DIC camera 441 can be used to intuitively monitor the interface damage characteristics and damage stages. At the same time, the height of the DIC camera 441 can be changed by adjusting the hydraulic cylinder 42 to make the camera's monitoring orientation more comprehensive. A plurality of lighting lamps 45 are set on the upper part of the side of the support block 43 away from the DIC camera 441, and the lighting lamps 45 face the junction between the steel block sample 36 and the cement block sample 24.

[0058] Furthermore, the entire device also includes a control module, which controls the actions of the motors or hydraulic cylinders of each part. A bottom plate 253 is inserted at the bottom of the casting box 25, and the lower surface of the bottom plate 253 abuts against the upper surface of the lower support 21. The casting box 25 is located between the two lower clamping blocks 222 and the two groups of lower clamping plates 231. A plurality of groups of bottom grooves 2531 are spaced apart on both sides of the bottom plate 253. Two baffles 254 are symmetrically inserted at both sides of the casting box 25. A bottom block 2541 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the baffle 254, and the bottom block 2541 is plugged into the bottom groove 2531. A first plug plate 251 and a second plug plate 252 are inserted between the baffle 254 and the inner wall of the casting box 25. The first plug plate 251 and the second plug plate 252 can support and fix the baffle plate 254 to prevent the baffle plate 254 from shifting during the pouring process, thereby preventing defects in the cement block sample 24. A plurality of first slots 2501 are spaced apart on the two side walls inside the pouring box 25, and a plurality of second slots 2541 are spaced apart on the outer wall of the baffle plate 254 away from each other. A first plug block 2511 is fixedly provided at one end of the first plug plate 251, and the other end is plugged into the second plug plate 252 through a slot 2512. The first plug block 2511 is plugged into the second slot 2541, and a second plug plate 252 is fixedly provided at one end away from the first plug plate 251 with a second The plug block 2521 has a card block 2522 fixedly arranged at the other end. The second plug block 2521 is plugged into the first slot 2501. There are two card slots 2512 in total. The two card slots 2512 are connected to each other. As the baffle 254 is plugged into different bottom slots 2531, the card block 2522 is also plugged into different card slots 2512, and the card block 2522 is plugged into at most one of the card slots 2512 at the same time. Such a setting can change the distance between the two baffles 254, thereby adapting to steel block samples 36 of different sizes, and can perform feature expansion tests on anchor rods of different diameters. The steel block sample 36 is placed between the two baffles 254. The surface of one end of 36 without ribs is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate 253, and the end of the steel block sample 36 with ribs faces upward, and then the casting material of the cement block sample 24 is poured between the two baffles 254, so that the cement block sample 24 matching the ribs of the steel block sample 36 can be obtained. By customizing the mold and coordinating the grouting casting method of the casting box 25, the uniformity of the anchor rod-grouting interface is ensured, and the support anchor rod that represents the engineering site more realistically and accurately is represented. The manufacturing method is more economical and simple, easy to implement, and has a wider range of applicability. At the same time, it also effectively ensures the planar uniformity of the anchor rod-grouting interface, and is suitable for a wider range of other tests such as corrosion tests.

[0059] A real anchor bolt-grouting interface shear test method is applied to the above-mentioned real anchor bolt-grouting interface shear test device, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

[0060] S1: Based on the 3D scanning technology, a steel block specimen 36 for the shear test of the real anchor bolt-grouting interface is produced; the surface features of the support anchor bolt used in the engineering site are obtained through the 3D scanning technology and a digital feature model is generated, such as Fig. 20 As shown in the figure, the obtained digital feature model is imported into Rhino software, and the side rib feature is unfolded along the circumference using Rhino software. The unfolded surface size is optimized using the cutting command, and the concave and convex surface and rectangular surface are stretched according to the required size. The blocks are cut out and combined into multiple curved surfaces to obtain the anchor simulation body, as shown in the figure. Fig.19 As shown, a rectangular steel block sample 36 is selected for cutting and finishing of a steel ingot, and the anchor rod simulation body file is imported into a metal engraving machine to perform fine engraving on the upper surface of the steel block sample 36;

[0061] In this embodiment, the steel ingot is selected from hot-rolled 335 steel, which is a common anchor material in engineering, and the cut rectangular steel block sample 36 has a specific size of 100 mm×50 mm×50 mm. Fig.21 As shown, steel block specimens 36 of different sizes can be cut according to different sizes of support anchor rods, which is more conducive to ensuring the accuracy of subsequent test simulations;

[0062] Average normal stress increment at the anchor-grouting interface It can be established by the infinite length cylinder expansion theory, assuming an infinite length cylindrical cavity in the elastic half space, to study the additional radial stress increment on the anchor-grouting interface under loading. The basic assumptions are:

[0063] Infinitely long cylindrical cavity: the length is much larger than the diameter, and the end effect is ignored;

[0064] Elastic half-space: The anchor is regarded as an elastic half-space and follows the basic laws of elasticity;

[0065] Linear elastic materials: Anchors and mortars are both linear elastic materials;

[0066] Plane strain condition: Since the length of the cavity is much larger than its diameter, the problem is simplified to plane strain;

[0067] In the three-dimensional case, the generalized Hooke's law assumes that the material is isotropic and satisfies the linear elastic conditions. The relationship between stress and strain is:

[0068]

[0069] Where ∈ ij is the strain component, σ ij is the stress component, v is Poisson's ratio, k is the elastic coefficient of the elastic material, E is the elastic modulus, δ ij is the elongation component, γ ij is the shear strain component, τ ij is the shear stress component. Under plane strain conditions, assuming ∈z = 0 and all stresses and strains are independent of z, then:

[0070] σ z =v(σ r +σ θ )

[0071] Where θ is the stress inclination angle and r is the radius, substitute it into the above equation and use the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent Poisson's ratio v m =v, then we have

[0072]

[0073] The expression expressed in terms of normal stiffness K can be expressed as:

[0074]

[0075] Where Δr is the radius change, E, v m , r, Δr are all non-zero rational numbers, and m and n are both greater than 0. At this time, the deep underground constraint condition is simulated by the constant normal stiffness constraint condition. The actual bolt hole radial stiffness can be measured by a high pressure dilatometer (HPD), and the actual constraint can be simulated by the normal constraint in the laboratory;

[0076] For the bolt-grouting interface, a cylindrical coordinate system is used according to the geometric shape of the system. The cylindrical axis Z corresponds to the bolt axis, the point where the bottom of the bolt axis contacts the surrounding rock is taken as the origin, the bolt length is L, and the bolt radius is R. b , the radius of the grouting material is R g , assuming that the surrounding rock radius is R r , since the behavior of the anchor body in the azimuth direction is assumed to be uniform, rotational invariance is assumed, and the axial force on the anchor rod is F, which causes a tangential force between the anchor rod rib feature and the grouting interface. The annular anchoring interface of the anchor rod can be unfolded into a plane feature along the axis, such as Fig.17 As shown;

[0077] S2: After the bottom plate 253 is plugged into the casting box 25, it is placed on the lower support 21, and the lower clamping motor 22 and the lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23 are started to clamp the casting box 25 with the lower clamping block 222 and the lower clamping plate 231, and the bottom blocks 2542 of the two baffles 254 are inserted into the corresponding bottom grooves 2531, and the first plug plate 251 and the second plug plate 252 are inserted in sequence, and the steel block sample 36 is placed between the two baffles 254, with the side of the steel block sample 36 with ribs facing upwards, and cement is prepared according to the ratio of Portland cement: river sand: water: early strength calcium oxalate = 1:1:0.44:0.03 and poured on the two baffles 2 54, after pouring, the lower support 21 is placed on the vibration table together with the pouring box 25 for a set time to avoid excessive bubbles introduced by the upper and lower pouring, and to ensure the bonding strength between the steel block sample 36 and the cement anchoring interface. In this embodiment, the vibration setting time is 1-3min. After the vibration is completed, the upper part of the pouring box 25 is scraped flat and then sealed. The pouring box 25 and the lower support 21 are placed in a constant temperature and humidity curing box for a set number of days, and then the pouring box 25 is removed and the cement block sample 24 and the steel block sample 36 are taken out. In this embodiment, the curing days can be twenty-eight days to ensure that the strength of the cement block sample 24 meets the standard;

[0078] Prepare a plurality of separate cement block specimens 24 for measuring parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, etc. of the cement to ensure that the prepared specimens meet the specification requirements;

[0079] S3: Spray scattered spots evenly on the side surface of the cement block sample 24 with spray paint, place the cement block sample 24 on the upper surface of the lower support 21, start the lower clamping motor 22 and the lower clamping hydraulic cylinder 23, and rotate the lower moving screw 221 to drive the two lower clamping blocks 222 to approach each other. The piston rods of the two groups of lower clamping hydraulic cylinders 23 retract, driving the two groups of lower clamping plates 231 to approach each other. The lower clamping blocks 222 and the lower clamping plates 231 clamp the cement block sample 24, and place the lower support 21 carrying the cement block sample 24 in the limit groove. 161, so that the limit block 211 is plugged into the limit groove 161, and then the lower support 21 and the mounting seat 16 are fastened with screws, and the upper clamping motor 33 and the upper clamping hydraulic cylinder 34 are started at the same time, and the upper moving screw 331 rotates, driving the two upper clamping blocks 332 to approach each other, and the piston rod of the upper clamping hydraulic cylinder 34 retracts, driving the two upper clamping plates 341 to approach each other, and the upper clamping blocks 332 and the upper clamping plates 341 clamp the steel block sample 36, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder 14 is started to make the steel block sample 36 descend and fit the cement block sample 24;

[0080] S4: Start the moving motor 156, the output shaft of the moving motor 156 drives the corresponding second transmission gear 153 to rotate, the toothed belt 157 moves, and the monitoring component 4 moves along with the toothed belt 157, so that the DIC camera 441 can monitor different side surfaces of the cement block sample 24, turn on the lighting lamp 45 to illuminate the speckle to improve the clarity of the speckle, start the adjustment hydraulic cylinder 42 to adjust the height of the DIC camera 441, start the rotating motor 432, the output shaft of the rotating motor 432 drives the worm 433 to rotate, and the worm wheel 434 meshing with the worm 433 drives the DIC camera 441 to rotate, adjust the angle of the DIC camera 441 to face the anchor-grouting shear surface, debug the DIC camera 441 and the lighting lamp 45, and obtain a clear image of the sample, such as Fig.18 As shown, to ensure a sufficient viewing window range, a set of image information collected by the DIC camera 441 at different positions of the U-shaped slide 15 is recorded as T o , o is an integer greater than 0, that is, T1 is a set of speckle image information collected when the DIC camera 441 performs a test at the first position of the U-shaped slide 15, and T2 is a set of speckle image information collected when the DIC camera 441 performs a test at the second position of the U-shaped slide 15;

[0081] S5: Start the servo hydraulic cylinder 12 to set constant shear force displacement control, and the shear displacement is controlled at 0.3mm / min to ensure that the shear force is uniform and reliable and the shear failure characteristics are obvious enough. Start the support hydraulic cylinder 14, set different constant normal stresses and constant normal stiffness constraints, consider the application scenarios of deep underground engineering, design five constant normal stresses of 1MPa, 5MPa, 15MPa, 20MPa, and 25MPa and five normal stiffness constraints of 1GPa / m, 5GPa / m, 15GPa / m, 20GPa / m, and 25GPa / m for direct shear test. At the same time, the linear displacement sensor 13 and the laser displacement sensor 313 record the displacement changes, adjust the camera exposure frequency to be the same as the acquisition frequency of the test machine, and perform a T test. o The speckle image information collected at each interval t is recorded as T oa , where a>1, the speckle image collected before the experiment is recorded as T o1 , get the T of each group during the test o Speckle patterns collected at different times T oa According to the obtained speckle patterns before and after the test, the digital image correlation method is used to calculate the coordinates of the scattered spots in the obtained image, and the entire speckle pattern is divided into p sub-areas, where t and p are both positive numbers, and the coordinates of the scattered spots in the image are calculated by the digital image correlation method. o1 Each sub-area in the experiment is T oaCompare and judge each sub-area in the T, obtain multiple maximum correlation coefficients, calculate the pixel displacement of each sub-area according to the multiple maximum correlation coefficients; calculate the strain value of each sub-area according to the pixel displacement of each sub-area; each group T o The experiment was repeated three times, and the T o Three different speckle patterns were used in the repeated tests, and a total of 3*o tests were performed;

[0082] S6: Based on the test results obtained in S4 and S5, analyze the T of each group under different normal constraints. o Different T oa The strain value is obtained from the speckle change at the time of the measurement, and the data of interface shear strength, peak displacement, ultimate displacement and residual strength are obtained;

[0083] S7: Divide the anchor simulation body into a mesh and import it into the finite element analysis software. Perform simulation analysis according to the force applied in the test. Compare and analyze the characteristic data of the test results with the numerical simulation results of the finite element analysis software to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation. Use numerical simulation analysis and strain field data to reveal the shear properties of the anchor-grouting interface.

[0084] In this method, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and mathematical analysis, two constraint conditions, constant normal load and constant normal stiffness, are used to simulate the actual constraints of the anchor-grouting interface, and direct shear of the interface under different normal constraints is performed, so that the uniform distribution of shear stress on the bonding surface during the interface shear failure process is achieved. In addition, the two normal constraints correspond to the two boundary conditions of the surface, shallow buried non-anchored slope engineering and deep buried underground engineering, respectively, and the test conditions of different working conditions are clarified. The digital image correlation method is used to replace the traditional strain gauge measurement, which is not affected by temperature, humidity, patch conditions, etc., saves operation process, is more convenient and accurate, and uses DIC technology to monitor the interface failure process, which can intuitively and accurately obtain the interface shear failure characteristics. After relevant processing, it is used for comparative analysis of numerical simulation, which is more reliable and comprehensive. The results of Rhino modeling can not only be used for engraving machines, but also can be imported into finite element analysis software for numerical simulation. The experimental data are compared and analyzed with the results of numerical simulation to explore the shear properties of the anchor-grouting interface under different normal constraints.

Claims

1. A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device, characterized in that: The cam is secured to the upper portion of the support frame, and the cam is secured to the lower portion of the support frame by a plurality of camshafts. The cam is secured to the lower portion of the support frame by a plurality of camshafts. The support assembly also includes a base, a receiving groove is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the base, a plurality of rollers are rotatably provided at the bottom of the receiving groove, slide grooves are provided on both sides of the receiving groove, slide bars are fixedly provided on both sides of the mounting seat, the slide bars are slidably connected to the slide grooves, the rollers are rollingly connected to the bottom of the mounting seat, a plurality of supporting hydraulic cylinders are provided around the upper surface of the base, and the piston rod ends of the supporting hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper support plate; A servo hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of one end of the base away from the U-shaped slideway, and the end of the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat; a linear displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one end of the accommodating groove away from the U-shaped slideway, and the end of the sliding piece of the linear displacement sensor is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting seat; A bottom plate is inserted at the bottom of the casting box, and the lower surface of the bottom plate is in contact with or separated from the upper surface of the lower support. Two baffles are symmetrically inserted on the bottom plate, and a first plug plate and a second plug plate are inserted between each baffle and the inner wall of the casting box. The first plug plate and the second plug plate are connected through a slot, and the steel block sample is placed between the two baffles, and the end surface of the steel block sample without ribs is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the end of the steel block sample with ribs faces upward.

2. A real anchor bolt-grouting interface shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the lower support is hollow, and a lower clamping motor is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the lower support. A lower moving screw is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the lower clamping motor and the inner wall of the lower support. The lower clamping block is threadedly connected to the lower moving screw. A plurality of lower clamping hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower clamping motor, and the piston rod ends of the lower clamping hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the lower clamping plate.

3. A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the upper support is hollow, and an upper clamping motor is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the upper support. An upper moving screw is rotatably arranged between the two ends of the upper clamping motor and the inner wall of the upper support. The upper clamping block is threadedly connected to the upper moving screw. Two upper clamping hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper clamping motor, and the piston rod ends of the upper clamping hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the upper clamping plate.

4. A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A T-shaped block is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the upper support, a T-shaped groove is opened at one side of the lower end of the upper support plate, the T-shaped block is inserted in the T-shaped groove, a trapezoidal groove is opened in the middle of the lower end of the T-shaped groove, a trapezoidal block is movably arranged in the middle of the T-shaped block, the trapezoidal block is plugged into or separated from the trapezoidal groove, and a laser displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper support plate away from the T-shaped groove.

5. A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A U-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the U-shaped slide, the monitoring assembly includes a slide seat, a boss is fixedly provided at the lower end of the slide seat, the boss is slidably connected to the U-shaped groove, the lower surface of the slide seat is slidably connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped slide, a toothed belt is provided below the U-shaped slide seat through a transmission gear, a connecting block is fixedly provided on one side of the lower surface of the slide seat, and the connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer side of the toothed belt.

6. A real anchor-grouting interface shear test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: An adjusting hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the slide seat, a supporting block is fixedly arranged at the end of the piston rod of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, a DIC camera is rotatably arranged on the supporting block through a worm gear structure, a plurality of lighting lamps are arranged at the upper part of a side of the supporting block away from the DIC camera, and the DIC camera and the lighting lamps are both facing the abutment point between the steel block sample and the cement block sample.

7. A real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test method, applied to a real anchor rod-grouting interface shear test device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1: Based on the three-dimensional scanning technology, the digital feature model of the support anchor is obtained, the rib features of the digital feature model are unfolded into a plane along the circumference to obtain the anchor simulation body, the steel ingot is selected to cut and finely process the rectangular steel block sample, and the anchor simulation body file is imported into the metal engraving machine to finely carve the upper surface of the steel block sample to produce the steel block sample for the real anchor-grouting interface shear test; S2: After the bottom plate and the casting box are plugged in, they are placed on the lower support. The lower clamping assembly clamps the casting box, two baffles are inserted into the casting box, and the steel block sample is placed between the two baffles, with the side of the steel block sample provided with ribs facing upwards. Cement is prepared according to the ratio of Portland cement: river sand: water: early strength calcium oxalate = 1:1:0.44:0.03 and cast between the two baffles. After the casting is completed, it is placed on a vibration table for a set time, and then the upper part of the casting box is scraped flat and sealed. The casting box and the lower support are placed in a constant temperature and humidity curing box for a set number of days, and then the casting box is removed and the cement block sample and the steel block sample are taken out; S3: Spray scattered spots evenly on the side surface of the cement block sample with spray paint, clamp the cement block sample with the lower clamping assembly, fasten the lower clamping assembly carrying the cement block sample with the mounting seat, clamp the steel block sample with the upper clamping assembly, start the supporting hydraulic cylinder to lower the steel block sample and fit it with the cement block sample; S4: Start the moving motor to make the monitoring component move with the toothed belt. The DIC camera monitors different side surfaces of the cement block sample. The DIC camera and the lighting lamp are debugged to obtain a clear image of the sample. A set of image information collected by the DIC camera at different positions on the U-shaped slide is recorded as ; S5: Start the servo hydraulic cylinder to set the constant shear force displacement control, start the support hydraulic cylinder, set different constant normal stress and constant normal stiffness constraints, and conduct direct shear test. At the same time, the linear displacement sensor and laser displacement sensor record the displacement change, adjust the camera exposure frequency to be the same as the test machine acquisition frequency, and collect the speckle change image information once every interval t during the entire deformation process and record it as ; S6: Based on the test results obtained in S4 and S5, analyze the Different The speckle changes at different times can provide the data of interface shear strength, peak displacement, ultimate displacement and residual strength characteristics; S7: Divide the anchor simulation body into a mesh and import it into the finite element analysis software. Perform simulation analysis according to the force applied in the test. Compare and analyze the characteristic data of the test results with the numerical simulation results of the finite element analysis software to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation.

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