A method for energy storage adjustment and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of distributed photovoltaic energy storage systems, and particularly relates to an energy storage adjustment method and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket. The present invention provides an energy storage adjustment method and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket, which improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, reduce the building lighting cost and enhance the user experience by optimizing the installation method of photovoltaic modules and dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge strategies of the energy storage system. The present invention determines the optimal installation method by establishing a photovoltaic module model, uses a two-axis tracking bracket to adjust the module angle in real time to maximize the reception of solar radiation energy, and stores the excess power by installing an energy storage system, and formulates the charge and discharge strategies according to the power generation efficiency, real-time electricity demand and grid electricity price. In addition, the present invention also proposes an optimization strategy based on mathematical programming or heuristic algorithms, further improving the energy use efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of distributed photovoltaic energy storage systems, and particularly relates to an energy storage adjustment method and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the global demand for clean energy has been growing continuously, and photovoltaic power generation technology has also developed rapidly, providing new ideas for solving energy problems. Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy, has broad application prospects. However, due to the intermittent characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, its application needs to be combined with energy storage technology to better play its advantages. Energy storage technology can effectively solve the intermittent problem of photovoltaic power generation, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce operating costs.

[0003] Building lighting systems usually face problems such as high energy consumption, high electricity bills, and low energy self-sufficiency rate. Traditional building lighting systems usually adopt a fixed-power lighting method, which cannot be adjusted according to actual needs, resulting in a large amount of energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides an energy storage adjustment method and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket. By using photovoltaic power generation technology and energy storage adjustment methods, the electricity cost of building lighting is reduced, the energy self-sufficiency rate is improved, and the user experience is enhanced.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an energy storage adjustment method based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket, including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establish a photovoltaic module model, and determine the installation method of the actual photovoltaic module by simulating the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different installation methods;

[0007] S2. Install a photovoltaic power generation system to provide photovoltaic power generation, and calculate the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system ;

[0008] S3. Install an energy storage system, store the excess power of the photovoltaic power generation in the energy storage system, and set the state of charge of the energy storage system ;

[0009] S4. Calculate the real-time power supply demand ;

[0010] S5. Obtain the real-time grid electricity price , set a low electricity price threshold and a high electricity price threshold , and establish an energy storage model to formulate a charge and discharge strategy for the energy storage system; calculate the grid power purchase volume , the discharge amount of the energy storage system and the charging amount of the energy storage system ;

[0011] Among them, the electricity purchased from the power grid is the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid to meet the current power supply demand and the charging of the energy storage system; the discharge amount of the energy storage system is the amount of electricity released from the energy storage system to meet the current power supply demand; the charging amount of the energy storage system is the amount of electricity that can be stored when the energy storage system is not fully charged.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the power generation efficiency is calculated as ;

[0013] Among them, is the efficiency of the photovoltaic module at the temperature and cleanliness of the photovoltaic module; is the area of the photovoltaic module; is the direct solar radiation intensity; is the diffuse solar radiation intensity; is the reflectivity of the sky diffuse radiation; and are the angles between the photovoltaic module and the solar ray bracket and the azimuth angle respectively; is the shadow loss and other possible loss factors.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the real-time power supply demand is calculated as ;

[0015] Among them, is the total number of lighting devices; is the efficiency of the th lighting device at the ambient temperature and the aging time ; is the basic brightness of the th lighting device; is the flow influence coefficient, indicating the increase ratio of brightness when the flow increases; is the real-time flow rate, is the th maximum flow rate designed for the lighting device; is the adjustment factor of ambient brightness and time period for brightness demand; is the adjustment factor of pedestrian flow distribution for brightness demand.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5:

[0017] The calculation formula for the electricity purchased from the power grid is ;

[0018] Discharge amount of the energy storage system The calculation formula is ;

[0019] Charge amount of the energy storage system The calculation formula is ;

[0020] Among them, is the maximum power purchase amount of the power grid; is the real-time power supply demand; is the photovoltaic power generation efficiency; is the real-time power grid price; is the low electricity price threshold; is the electricity capacity of the energy storage system; is the percentage of the energy storage system's electricity at the previous moment; is the percentage of the energy storage system's electricity at the current moment.

[0021] Preferably, in S3, the energy storage system is set with a safety threshold power ; When the power state of the energy storage system is less than the safety threshold power , prevent the energy storage system from discharging; when the energy storage system is full, prevent the energy storage system from charging.

[0022] Preferably, the charge and discharge strategy in step S5 includes:

[0023] When the power grid price is lower than the low electricity price threshold , increase the power purchase amount of the power grid , meet the current electricity demand and charge the energy storage system;

[0024] When the power grid price is higher than the high electricity price threshold , reduce the power purchase amount of the power grid , and control the energy storage system to discharge to meet the current power supply demand.

[0025] Preferably, the charge and discharge strategy in step S5 includes:

[0026] When the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module exceeds the current power supply demand , reduce the power purchase amount of the power grid , and charge the energy storage system.

[0027] Preferably, in step S5, the charge and discharge strategy is optimized using mathematical programming or heuristic algorithms.

[0028] The present invention also provides an energy storage assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket for implementing the above adjustment method, including:

[0029] A photovoltaic power generation module, including photovoltaic components, for providing photovoltaic power generation;

[0030] A grid power supply module, for obtaining power from the grid;

[0031] An energy storage module, including energy storage units and a battery management unit, for storing and releasing power to meet the power consumption requirements;

[0032] A monitoring module, including several sensor units, for monitoring the ambient brightness, real-time pedestrian flow, and pedestrian flow distribution;

[0033] A control module, including a power generation efficiency prediction unit, a power supply demand unit, and a charge and discharge strategy unit, for establishing an energy storage model and adjusting the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage module in real time.

[0034] Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module further includes a two-axis tracking bracket installed on the photovoltaic components for adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic components.

[0035] The present invention solves the defects in the background art and has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The energy storage adjustment method and assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket provided by the present invention improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and optimize the power use by optimizing the installation method of photovoltaic components and dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system, thereby reducing the electricity cost of building lighting and enhancing the user experience.

[0037] (2) The present invention establishes a photovoltaic component model, simulates the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic components under different installation methods, determines the optimal installation method of the actual photovoltaic components, and uses a two-axis tracking bracket to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic components in real time to maximize the received solar radiation energy. In addition, an energy storage system is installed to store the excess power generated by photovoltaic power generation for subsequent use. The present invention can dynamically adjust the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic components and the charge and discharge of the energy storage system according to meteorological conditions. Compared with the traditional fixed inclination installation method, the two-axis tracking bracket provided by the present invention can significantly improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic components, achieve energy conservation and emission reduction at the same time, and the energy storage system further solves the intermittency problem of photovoltaic power generation.

[0038] (3) According to the real-time monitored environmental brightness, real-time pedestrian flow, and pedestrian flow distribution, the present invention calculates the real-time power supply demand, and sets a low electricity price threshold and a high electricity price threshold according to the grid electricity price, which are used to formulate the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system. When the grid electricity price is lower than the low electricity price threshold, the electricity purchase volume from the grid is increased, and the energy storage system is charged; when the grid electricity price is higher than the high electricity price threshold, the electricity purchase volume from the grid is reduced, and the discharge of the energy storage system is controlled. Compared with the traditional building lighting system, the present invention can intelligently adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system according to the real-time power demand and grid electricity price, thereby reducing the electricity cost while ensuring power supply; and adjusting the lighting brightness according to different scenarios, enabling users to obtain a better user experience while enjoying the power supply.

[0039] (4) By optimizing the installation method of photovoltaic modules and dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system, the present invention significantly improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency while effectively solving the intermittency problem of photovoltaic power generation, and dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge strategy and lighting control, enabling the present invention to automatically adjust the charge and discharge strategy and lighting brightness according to actual needs, saving energy and enhancing the user experience. The present invention provides a more efficient, reliable and economical energy management solution for building lighting, and enhances the comfort and satisfaction of users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the energy storage adjustment method based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0047] Application Scenario

[0048] An energy storage adjustment method and an assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket provided by the present invention are applicable to the lighting of public areas in buildings. When the present invention is used, photovoltaic modules need to be installed on the top of the target building or on the available open areas around it, and are equipped with a photovoltaic tracking bracket for providing photovoltaic power generation. Sensors or monitoring devices are installed in the target building for monitoring the ambient brightness, real-time pedestrian flow, and pedestrian flow distribution. An energy storage device (such as a lithium battery pack) is installed to store the electric power generated by photovoltaic power generation, and a battery management system (BMS) is equipped to monitor the battery state. A communication system is established to ensure that data can be transmitted to the central platform in real time for analysis and decision-making. Among them, the target building is the building on which the assembly system of the present invention is installed and the energy storage adjustment method provided by the present invention is used.

[0049] Exemplary Method

[0050] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, a method for adjusting energy storage based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Establish a photovoltaic module model, and determine the installation method of the actual photovoltaic module by simulating the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules under different installation methods;

[0052] S2. Install a photovoltaic power generation system to provide photovoltaic power generation, and calculate the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system ;

[0053] S3. Install an energy storage system, store the excess power generated by the photovoltaic power generation in the energy storage system, and set the state of charge of the energy storage system ;

[0054] S4. Calculate the real-time power supply demand ;

[0055] S5. Obtain the real-time grid electricity price , set a low electricity price threshold and a high electricity price threshold , and establish an energy storage model to formulate the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system; calculate the grid power purchase volume , the discharge volume of the energy storage system and the charge volume of the energy storage system ;

[0056] Among them, the grid power purchase volume is the power purchased from the grid to meet the current power supply demand and the charging of the energy storage system; the discharge volume of the energy storage system is the power released from the energy storage system to meet the current power supply demand; the charge volume of the energy storage system is the power that can be stored in the energy storage system when it is not fully charged.

[0057] Next, each step will be described in detail.

[0058] In step S1, use the PVsyst software to model the photovoltaic panels at the tilt angle, and obtain the power generated by the photovoltaic panels at different times of the year by inputting geographical location information, solar radiation data, and other environmental parameters.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the target building is 30 m high, 50 m long from north to south, 20 m long from east to west, and the available area on the roof is 90 ㎡. In addition, an interfering building is located 20 m south of the target building, 40 m high and 40 m long on each side. Another interfering building is located 11 m southeast of the target building, about 50 m high and 10 m long on each side. The target building is located at 39.65 degrees north latitude and 118.20 degrees east longitude, with an annual average total horizontal radiation of 1400 kWh / m² / year, an annual average direct normal radiation of 1000 kWh / m² / year, an annual average diffuse radiation of 400 kWh / m² / year, an average maximum temperature in summer of about 30 °C, an average minimum temperature in winter of about -10 °C, an annual average relative humidity of about 50%, an annual average wind speed of about 3 m / s, and an annual average precipitation of about 600 mm.

[0060] The installed capacity of the photovoltaic modules is 9.9 , and the model of the photovoltaic modules is , with a single-unit nominal power of 50 , and the output power of the photovoltaic modules when operating at the maximum power point is 8.92 , the operating voltage of the photovoltaic modules when outputting the maximum power is 531 , and the operating current of the photovoltaic modules when outputting the maximum power is 17 , the area of the module is 65.4 square meters, and the number of photovoltaic modules is 66 pieces.

[0061] When using PVsyst, input the above geographical location information, solar radiation data, and other environmental parameters, and set different azimuth angles and tilt angles through the options in the site design and simulation module, and then run the simulation.

[0062] First, assume that the optimal azimuth angle is due south, that is, the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules is 0°. This is because the azimuth angle at which the photovoltaic module array faces the direction with the longest sunlight exposure time is the optimal azimuth angle. In the Northern Hemisphere, when the photovoltaic modules face due south, the modules receive the longest sunlight exposure time.

[0063] If the installation method is fixed tilt, through the PVsyst software, optimize the design based on the maximum annual radiation total. When the tilt angle is 36°, the relative optimal loss of the photovoltaic system is 0.0%, so the optimal tilt angle is selected as 36°.

[0064] If the installation method is adjustable according to the season, based on the different altitude angles of the sun in summer and winter, in order to obtain the maximum sunlight radiation, the tilt angle should be optimized according to the different radiation totals in summer and winter, and determine the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules according to the PVsyst software design, that is, 20° in summer and 50° in winter.

[0065] If the installation method is a single-axis tracking system with an inclination, the optimal tilt angle of the installation axis is still selected as 36°, and the azimuth angle of the installation axis is 0°; the range of the minimum rotation angle and the maximum rotation angle is -60° to 60°, and the center distance is 0 m.

[0066] If the installation method is a two-axis tracking system, the installation method of the two-axis tracking system is similar to that of the single-axis tracking system with an inclination in terms of working mode. Since it is a two-axis operation, theoretically, its activity range is larger than that of the single-axis tracking system with an inclination, and the power generation will also increase accordingly. According to the geographical conditions of the project site, the inclination angle range of the two-axis system is determined to be 0° to 80°, and the azimuth angle range is -120° to 120°.

[0067] Perform shadow occlusion analysis on the photovoltaic modules under the above four installation methods, simulate and obtain the annual power generation of the above four installation methods, as shown in Table 1:

[0068] Table 1 Annual power generation of four installation methods

[0069]

[0070] Analyze the photovoltaic emission reduction of the photovoltaic modules under the four installation methods potential, and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0071] Table 2 Photovoltaic emission reduction Potential analysis table

[0072]

[0073] Analyze the emission reduction effects of other pollutants under the four installation methods, and the results are shown in Table 3:

[0074] Table 3 Analysis of emission reduction of other pollutants

[0075]

[0076] Power generation efficiency analysis: As shown in Table 1, the annual power generation of the dual-axis tracking system is 16.22 MWh, which is higher than that of the other three installation methods (fixed inclination angle: 13.25 MWh, adjustable orientation with seasons: 12.75 MWh, and inclined single-axis tracking system: 15.12 MWh). And as shown in Table 2, the annual power generation per unit of the dual-axis tracking system is 1639 kWh / kW_p, which is higher than that of the other installation methods (fixed inclination angle: 1341 kWh / kW_p, adjustable orientation with seasons: 1287 kWh / kW_p, and inclined single-axis tracking system: 1527 kWh / kW_p). The dual-axis tracking system can capture solar energy more effectively and generate more electricity under the same installed capacity. This is because the dual-axis tracking system can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic modules in two directions. By adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panels in real time, it can always maintain the best angle with the sun's rays, thereby maximizing the received solar radiation energy. This dynamic adjustment enables the photovoltaic panels to work efficiently at any time of the day, especially capturing more solar energy when the sun is at a lower altitude in the morning and evening. In contrast, the fixed inclination angle and adjustable orientation with seasons can only reach the best angle during certain periods of a day or a year, and although the inclined single-axis tracking system can adjust the angle in one direction, it still cannot fully adapt to the change of the sun's position.

[0077] Analysis of emission reduction effect: As can be seen from Table 2, the carbon dioxide emission reduction corresponding to each kilowatt of installed capacity of the dual-axis tracking system is 28.0 · , which is the highest among the four installation methods (fixed inclination angle: 22.6 · , adjustable orientation with seasons: 21.7 · , and inclined single-axis tracking system: 26.0 · ). Table 3 shows the emission reduction amounts under different installation methods and . The dual-axis tracking system achieves 4.16 tons of emission reduction in , which is higher than the other three methods (fixed inclination angle: 3.41 tons, adjustable orientation with seasons: 3.27 tons, and inclined single-axis tracking system: 3.88 tons). In In terms of emission reduction, the emission reduction amount of the dual-axis tracking system is 1.85 tons, which is also higher than other methods (fixed inclination angle: 1.52 tons, adjustable orientation according to seasons: 1.45 tons, inclined single-axis tracking system: 1.73 tons). The dual-axis tracking system is slightly higher than other methods in TSP emission reduction, with an amount of 0.09 tons (fixed inclination angle: 0.08 tons, adjustable orientation according to seasons: 0.07 tons, inclined single-axis tracking system: 0.09 tons). The dual-axis tracking system reaches 145.01 tons in standard coal equivalent emission reduction, which is much higher than the other three methods (fixed inclination angle: 118.72 tons, adjustable orientation according to seasons: 113.99 tons, inclined single-axis tracking system: 135.17 tons). The above results are due to the fact that the dual-axis tracking system has a higher power generation efficiency. The dual-axis tracking system can generate more electricity under the same installed capacity, thus reducing the demand for fossil fuel power generation and further reducing the emissions of various pollutants.

[0078] Based on the above results, the preferred installation method for photovoltaic modules is the dual-axis tracking system.

[0079] In step S2, the direct radiation energy received by the photovoltaic module and the diffuse radiation energy received by the photovoltaic module are integrated to obtain the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. . The power generation efficiency is calculated by the formula .

[0080] Where:

[0081] is the efficiency of the photovoltaic module at the temperature and cleanliness of the photovoltaic module, which can be obtained from the specification sheet or test data of the photovoltaic module.

[0082] is the area of the photovoltaic module.

[0083] is the direct solar radiation intensity, that is, the radiation intensity perpendicular to the sun's rays.

[0084] is the diffuse solar radiation intensity, that is, the radiation intensity after the sun's rays are scattered by gas molecules, water droplets, dust, etc. in the atmosphere.

[0085] is the reflectivity of the sky diffuse radiation, that is, the reflectivity of the scattered light in the sky when it shines on the photovoltaic module.

[0086] and are the angle between the photovoltaic module and the sun ray bracket and the azimuth angle respectively, which determine the angle at which the photovoltaic module receives sunlight.

[0087] It is the loss factor caused by shadow loss and factors such as dust, dirt, snow, ice, and bird droppings.

[0088] , , , and can all be obtained through meteorological data or photovoltaic monitoring equipment.

[0089] Based on the above formula, according to the current weather conditions and the parameters of the photovoltaic modules, the theoretical power generation of the photovoltaic modules can be calculated. In addition, by real-time monitoring of the sun position and weather conditions, dynamically adjusting the tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic tracking bracket to maximize the solar radiation energy received by the photovoltaic modules can improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules.

[0090] In step S3, the energy storage system is equipped with a battery management system (BMS) for monitoring and managing the operating status of the energy storage battery, including the state of charge, voltage, current, temperature, etc. The BMS uses the CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol for data exchange with the central platform. The central platform obtains the state of charge data of the energy storage system from the BMS through the communication protocol, usually represented by the state of charge (SOC) percentage, that is, the ratio of the current battery level to the total capacity.

[0091] The energy storage system is also set with a safety threshold battery level . When the state of charge of the energy storage system is less than the safety threshold battery level , control the energy storage system to stop discharging and give priority to charging to ensure that the battery level will not continue to decrease. When the energy storage system is fully charged, control the energy storage system to stop charging and give priority to discharging to ensure that the battery level will not continue to increase.

[0092] In addition, the BMS will monitor parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery and perform safety measures such as equalizing charging, overcurrent protection, and overvoltage protection.

[0093] In step S4, calculate the brightness requirement of each lighting device under the current conditions, add up the brightness requirements of all lighting devices to obtain the real-time power supply requirement of the entire target building. The real-time power supply requirement is calculated by the formula .

[0094] Where:

[0095] is the total number of lighting devices.

[0096] is the th lighting device at the ambient temperature and the aging time Under the efficiency, both the ambient temperature and the aging time will affect the efficiency of the lighting device. The higher the efficiency, the less power is required.

[0097] is the base brightness of the th lighting device, that is, the default brightness of the lighting device without the influence of traffic flow, brightness, time period, and pedestrian flow distribution.

[0098] is the traffic flow influence coefficient, indicating the increase ratio of brightness when the traffic flow increases. If , it means that when the traffic flow increases by 10%, the brightness of the lighting device needs to increase by 2%.

[0099] is the real-time traffic flow, that is, the number of pedestrians in the current target building, which can be obtained by real-time monitoring through sensors or monitoring devices.

[0100] is the th maximum traffic flow when the lighting device is designed, that is, the maximum number of pedestrians that the lighting device can handle.

[0101] is the adjustment factor for the brightness demand by the ambient brightness and time period, which is estimated through measured data. In the case of sufficient daylight during the day, the brightness of the lighting device can be reduced, while at night, the brightness needs to be increased.

[0102] is the adjustment factor for the brightness demand by the pedestrian flow distribution, which is estimated through measured data. In areas with dense pedestrian flow, higher brightness is required, while in areas with sparse pedestrian flow, the brightness can be reduced.

[0103] Using the calculation result of the real-time power supply demand, the lighting system of the target building can be dynamically adjusted. For example, in the case of low traffic flow and good lighting, the brightness of the lighting device can be reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption. In addition, by adjusting the lighting brightness according to different scenarios, the user experience can be improved. For example, brighter lighting can be provided in areas with dense pedestrian flow, while the brightness can be reduced in areas with sparse pedestrian flow to save electricity.

[0104] In step S5, obtain the real-time grid electricity price from the official website of the power grid company, the power trading platform, or the data interface , and set the low electricity price threshold and the high electricity price threshold .

[0105] When considering the fluctuation trend of the grid electricity price, the high electricity price threshold is set near the peak electricity price. The low electricity price threshold is set near the flat valley electricity price.

[0106] When considering the system cost, the lower the charge-discharge efficiency, the higher the high electricity price threshold needs to be set to make up for the power shortage. The lower the grid power purchase cost, the lower the low electricity price threshold can be set .

[0107] When adjustment is needed according to the actual demand of the system, if the electricity demand is high, a lower low electricity price threshold can be set , to ensure sufficient power supply. If the energy storage capacity is large, a lower low electricity price threshold can be set , to make full use of the capacity of the energy storage system.

[0108] The energy storage model needs to consider the following factors:

[0109] Power generation efficiency : The power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules under the current conditions, which can be calculated according to factors such as weather conditions, photovoltaic module efficiency, and tracking bracket angle.

[0110] Real-time power supply demand : The power demand of the target building at the current moment, which can be calculated according to factors such as ambient brightness, pedestrian flow, and pedestrian flow distribution.

[0111] Grid electricity price : The control of the grid at the current moment, which can stop discharging and give priority to charging to ensure that the battery power will not continue to decrease.

[0112] Low electricity price threshold : Set an electricity price threshold. When the grid electricity price is lower than this threshold, give priority to purchasing electricity from the grid and charging the energy storage system.

[0113] High electricity price threshold : Set an electricity price threshold. When the grid electricity price is higher than this threshold, give priority to using the electricity in the energy storage system to reduce the electricity cost during high electricity price periods.

[0114] Energy storage system power state : The current power state of the energy storage system, which can be expressed as a percentage.

[0115] Based on the above factors, the energy storage model formulates a reasonable charge-discharge strategy to maximize the economic benefits and energy utilization efficiency of the system. The charge-discharge strategy provided by the present invention includes:

[0116] When the grid electricity price is lower than the low electricity price threshold , give priority to purchasing electricity from the grid, increase the grid power purchase volume , meet the current electricity demand and charge the energy storage system to reserve low-cost electricity.

[0117] When the grid electricity price is higher than the high electricity price threshold use the electricity in the energy storage system first to reduce the electricity purchased from the grid and control the discharge of the energy storage system to meet the current power supply demand and reduce the electricity cost during high electricity price periods.

[0118] In addition, when the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules exceeds the current power supply demand use the photovoltaic power generation first to reduce the electricity purchased from the grid and charge the energy storage system to maximize the utilization rate of the photovoltaic power generation.

[0119] When the grid electricity price is lower than the low electricity price threshold purchase electricity from the grid to supplement the power supply demand. The electricity purchased from the grid The calculation formula is .

[0120] When the grid electricity price is higher than the high electricity price threshold or the power generation efficiency is less than the power supply demand use the discharge of the energy storage system to meet the power supply demand. The discharge amount of the energy storage system The calculation formula is .

[0121] When the power generation efficiency is greater than the power supply demand or the grid electricity price is lower than the low electricity price threshold charge the energy storage system. The charging amount of the energy storage system The calculation formula is .

[0122] Among them, is the maximum electricity purchase amount from the grid; is the real-time power supply demand; is the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation; is the real-time grid electricity price; is the low electricity price threshold; is the electricity capacity of the energy storage system; is the percentage of the energy storage system's electricity at the previous moment; is the percentage of the energy storage system's electricity at the current moment.

[0123] According to the calculation results, the charging and discharging strategies of the energy storage system are adjusted in real time to optimize the operating efficiency and economic benefits. In addition, the energy storage model can optimize the charging and discharging strategies by using mathematical programming algorithms such as linear programming and non - linear programming, or heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Linear programming is a mathematical method used to find the maximum or minimum value of a linear objective function under a set of linear inequality constraints. Non - linear programming is an extension of linear programming where the objective function or constraints can be non - linear. Genetic algorithm is a search algorithm that simulates natural selection and genetic mechanisms, searching for the optimal solution in a population of candidate solutions through operations such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is an optimization technique based on swarm cooperation, finding the optimal solution by simulating the foraging behavior of bird flocks.

[0124] In the energy storage model, linear programming sets the objective function to minimize the grid power purchase cost and the operating cost of the energy storage system. The constraints include the charging and discharging power limits, energy limits of the energy storage system, and power supply - demand balance. By solving the linear programming problem, the optimal charging and discharging plan of the energy storage system under different electricity price periods is obtained.

[0125] In the energy storage model, non - linear programming is used to handle the non - linear relationship between the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery and its state of charge. The objective function is to maximize the economic benefits of the energy storage system while considering battery health and life. By solving the non - linear programming problem, the optimal charging and discharging strategy considering the change of battery efficiency is obtained.

[0126] In the energy storage model, genetic algorithm initializes a population of energy storage operation strategies, where each operation strategy represents an individual. By evaluating the fitness of each individual, such as economic benefits, and selecting better individuals for crossover and mutation, a new population is generated. This process is repeated until the optimal solution is found or the stopping condition is met.

[0127] In the energy storage model, in the particle swarm optimization algorithm, each particle represents a potential charging and discharging plan. The particle updates its position and velocity by tracking the individual optimal solution and the global optimal solution. Through iterative updates, the particle swarm gradually approaches the optimal charging and discharging strategy to achieve cost minimization or benefit maximization under different electricity price periods.

[0128] Exemplary system

[0129] As Figure 2 shown, an energy storage assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket for implementing the above - mentioned adjustment method includes:

[0130] A photovoltaic power generation module, including photovoltaic components, for providing photovoltaic power generation; a grid - power supply module, for obtaining power from the grid;

[0131] The energy storage module, including an energy storage unit and a battery management unit, is used to store and release electricity to meet the power consumption demand;

[0132] The monitoring module, including several sensor units, is used to monitor the environmental brightness, real-time pedestrian flow, and pedestrian flow distribution;

[0133] The control module, including a power generation efficiency prediction unit, a power supply demand unit, and a charge and discharge strategy unit, is used to establish an energy storage model and adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage module in real time;

[0134] Among them, the photovoltaic power generation module further includes a two-axis tracking bracket installed on the photovoltaic module for adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0135] Based on the ideal embodiments of the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant personnel can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting energy storage based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Establish a photovoltaic module model, and determine the actual installation method of the photovoltaic module by simulating the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different installation methods; S2. Install photovoltaic power generation system, provide photovoltaic power generation, and calculate the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system ; S3. Install the energy storage system, store the excess power generated by photovoltaic power generation in the energy storage system, and set the power status of the energy storage system ; S4. Calculate real-time power supply demand ; S5. Obtain real-time grid electricity prices , set low electricity price threshold and high electricity price threshold , and establish energy storage models, formulate charging and discharging strategies for energy storage systems; calculate the amount of electricity purchased by the power grid , Energy storage system discharge and energy storage system charge ; Among them, the power grid purchases The amount of electricity purchased from the grid to meet current power supply needs and charge the energy storage system; the amount of energy storage system discharged The amount of electricity released from the energy storage system to meet the current power supply demand; the amount of energy storage system charging It is the amount of electricity that can be stored when the energy storage system is not fully charged; In step S2, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on the direct radiation energy and scattered radiation energy received by the photovoltaic module. , dynamically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic tracking bracket; Power generation efficiency The calculation formula is ;in, The photovoltaic module temperature and cleanliness Efficiency under is the PV panel area; is the direct solar radiation intensity; is the intensity of the sun’s diffuse radiation; is the reflectivity of diffuse sky radiation; and They are the angle and azimuth between the photovoltaic module and the solar ray bracket; is the loss factor; In step S4, the real-time power supply demand of the lighting system in the target building is calculated , and dynamically adjust the brightness of lighting equipment in each area according to the flow of people; Real-time power supply demand The calculation formula is ;in, is the total number of lighting fixtures; It is The ambient temperature of the lighting equipment and aging time Efficiency under It is The basic brightness of each lighting device; is the flow influence coefficient, which indicates the increase ratio of brightness when the flow increases; It is real-time traffic. It is The maximum flow rate when designing a lighting device; It is the adjustment factor for the brightness requirement of the environment brightness and time period; It is the adjustment factor of the brightness demand of the crowd distribution.

2. The energy storage adjustment method based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5: Power purchase from the power grid The calculation formula is ; Energy storage system discharge The calculation formula is ; Energy storage system charge The calculation formula is ; in, The maximum amount of electricity purchased by the power grid; To meet real-time power supply needs; is the photovoltaic power generation efficiency; is the real-time grid electricity price; is the low electricity price threshold; is the energy storage system capacity; is the power percentage of the energy storage system at the previous moment; It is the power percentage of the energy storage system at the current moment.

3. The energy storage adjustment method based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage system in S3 is set with a safety threshold power ; When the energy storage system power state Less than the safety threshold When the energy storage system is fully charged, the energy storage system is prevented from charging.

4. The energy storage adjustment method based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The charging and discharging strategy in step S5 includes: When the grid electricity price Below the low electricity price threshold Increase the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid , meet current electricity demand and charge the energy storage system; When the grid electricity price Above the high electricity price threshold When reducing the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid , and control the discharge of the energy storage system to meet the current power supply demand.

5. The energy storage adjustment method based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The charging and discharging strategy in step S5 includes: When the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules Exceeding current power demand When reducing the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid and charge the energy storage system.

6. The energy storage adjustment method based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the charge and discharge strategy is optimized using mathematical programming or heuristic algorithms.

7. An energy storage assembly system based on a photovoltaic tracking bracket, based on the energy storage adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic power generation module, including photovoltaic components, for providing photovoltaic power generation; A grid power supply module, used for obtaining power from a grid; Energy storage module, including energy storage unit and battery management unit, used to store and release electricity to meet electricity demand; A monitoring module, including several sensor units, is used to monitor the ambient brightness, real-time human flow, and human flow distribution; The control module includes a power generation efficiency prediction unit, a power supply demand unit and a charge and discharge strategy unit, which are used to establish an energy storage model and adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage module in real time.

8. The energy storage assembly system based on the photovoltaic tracking bracket according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation module also includes a dual-axis tracking bracket installed on the photovoltaic component, which is used to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic component.

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