A dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism, belonging to the technical field of glass edge grinding machines. The mechanism comprises a first edge pressing device and a second edge pressing device arranged on the first edge pressing device; the first edge pressing device comprises a first lifting plate arranged sideways, an elastic pressure block assembly arranged on the first lifting plate, a lifting column assembly supporting the first lifting plate, and a first driving part for driving the first lifting plate to reciprocate vertically; the second edge pressing device comprises a second lifting plate arranged parallel to one side of the first lifting plate, an elastic pressure wheel assembly arranged on the second lifting plate, and a second driving part for connecting the second lifting plate to the first lifting plate and driving the second lifting plate to move vertically. The first edge pressing device can be used to press the edge of the top surface of the glass, and the second edge pressing device can be used to press the upper corner of the side surface of the glass. The present invention is conducive to improving the applicability and convenience of use of the glass edge pressing mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of glass edge grinding machines, and in particular to a dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism which can be used for pressing both ordinary glass and film-coated glass. Background Art

[0002] The pressing mechanism of common glass edge grinding machines presses the glass to be processed onto the glass edge grinding table by pressing the edge of the top surface of the glass. Therefore, it is only suitable for pressing ordinary glass, but not for special glass with a preset film on the surface because it will damage the film. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide an edge pressing mechanism which can be used for pressing both ordinary glass and film-coated glass.

[0004] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism comprises a first edge pressing device and a second edge pressing device arranged on the first edge pressing device; the first edge pressing device comprises a first lifting plate arranged sideways, an elastic pressure block assembly arranged on the first lifting plate, a lifting column assembly for supporting the first lifting plate, and a first driving part for driving the first lifting plate to reciprocate vertically on the first lifting column assembly; the second edge pressing device comprises a second lifting plate arranged parallel to one side of the first lifting plate, an elastic pressure wheel assembly arranged on the second lifting plate, and a second driving part for connecting the second lifting plate to the first lifting plate and driving the second lifting plate to reciprocate vertically; the lifting column assembly is arranged on the side of an edge grinding table, the first lifting plate and the second lifting plate are both located above the side of the edge grinding table and the plate surfaces are both arranged parallel to the side of the edge grinding table, the elastic pressure block assembly is aligned with the edge of the top surface of the glass on the edge grinding table, and the elastic pressure wheel assembly is aligned with the upper corner of the side surface of the glass on the edge grinding table.

[0006] As a preferred solution, the elastic pressure block assembly is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressure block assemblies are arranged side by side transversely on the plate surface of the first lifting plate away from the second lifting plate and are partially exposed below the first lifting plate.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the elastic pressure block assembly includes a fixed block, a first elastic rod, an axial connection block, a connecting shaft and a pressure block. The fixed block is in the shape of an inverted isosceles triangle and is fixed on the plate surface of the first lifting plate. One end of the first elastic rod is fixed on a waist surface of the fixed block. The axial connection block is fixed on the other end of the first elastic rod. The connecting shaft is fixed on the axial connection block perpendicular to the plate surface of the first lifting plate and both ends are exposed. The pressure block is a U-shaped block and is rotatably connected to the two ends of the connecting shaft through axial holes correspondingly arranged on both sides of its U-groove; all pressure blocks are exposed below the first lifting plate and are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the first edge pressing device also includes a pressing belt assembly, which includes a pressing belt and a pulley. The pressing belt is wrapped around the periphery of all elastic pressing block assemblies and is close to the bottom surface of all pressing blocks. The pulleys are arranged on the outside of both sides of all elastic pressing block assemblies and connect the two ends of the pressing belt.

[0009] As a preferred solution, two sets of lifting column assemblies are provided, and the two sets of lifting column assemblies are arranged laterally on the same side of the first lifting plate. The lifting column assembly includes an upright supporting tube, a lifting tube movably sleeved on the upper part of the supporting tube, and a connecting box sleeved and fixed on the outer periphery of the lifting tube, and the connecting box is fixedly connected to the first lifting plate to movably arrange the first lifting plate on the supporting tube.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the first driving part includes two transmission boxes, two transmission shafts, a synchronous shaft and a driving motor. The two transmission boxes are respectively fixed to the outer tops of the two connection boxes through connecting sleeves. The two transmission shafts are respectively rotatably arranged inside the two lifting tubes through ball bearings, and the tops are respectively transmission-connected to the transmission boxes above them, and the bottoms are respectively threadedly connected to the insides of the support tubes below them. The outer ring of the ball bearing is fixedly connected to the lifting tube, and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft, so that the lifting tube can move up and down with the transmission shaft. The two ends of the synchronous shaft are respectively transmission-connected to the two transmission boxes, and the driving motor is fixedly arranged on any transmission box and transmission-connected to the transmission box.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the elastic pressure wheel assembly is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressure wheel assemblies are arranged side by side transversely on a side surface of the second lifting plate away from the first lifting plate and partially exposed under the second lifting plate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the elastic pressure wheel assembly includes a support seat, a second elastic rod fixedly arranged on the support seat, a wheel seat fixedly arranged on the second elastic rod, and a frustum-shaped pressure wheel rotatably arranged on the wheel seat, the support seat is fixedly mounted on one side plate surface of the second lifting plate, the second elastic rod is arranged on the support seat in parallel with the plate surface and bottom edge of the second lifting plate, and its two ends are symmetrically exposed to the corresponding two sides of the support seat, the wheel seats are arranged in pairs at the two ends of the second elastic rod, and the frustum-shaped pressure wheels are arranged in pairs on different wheel seats. The wheel axles of all frustum-shaped pressure wheels are perpendicular to the plate surface of the second lifting plate and are fixed on their respective wheel seats, the wheel bodies are partially exposed below the second lifting plate and are located on the same horizontal plane, and the small circular surfaces of all frustum-shaped pressure wheels are located on the same side of the second lifting plate, so that the inclined wheel surfaces of all frustum-shaped pressure wheels form an identical angle with the horizontal plane.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the second driving unit is provided with two sets, and the two sets of second driving units are arranged at the top of the first lifting plate and the second lifting plate at a horizontal distance; the second driving unit includes a first L-shaped plate, a second L-shaped plate and a cylinder, the first L-shaped plate is fixed to the top of the first lifting plate through its vertical folding surface, the second L-shaped plate is fixed to the top of the second lifting plate through its vertical folding surface and its transverse folding surface is located directly above the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate, the cylinder body of the cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate, and the piston rod is upwardly connected to the transverse folding surface of the second L-shaped plate.

[0014] The present invention is provided with a first edge pressing mechanism for pressing the top surface of the glass and a second edge pressing mechanism for pressing the upper corner of the side surface of the glass. The two sets of edge pressing mechanisms are integrated into one and can operate independently. They can be used to press ordinary glass without film and special glass with film, thereby improving the applicability and convenience of use of the edge pressing mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention from a certain angle;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention from another angle;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the elastic pressing block assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the first lifting plate and the first driving part according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the elastic pressure wheel assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first lifting plate and the second lifting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the use status of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figure 1-8 A dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism shown includes a machine platform 30, a grinding platform 31 is protruding from the top edge of the machine platform 30, and a first edge pressing device 10 for pressing the top surface of the glass and a second edge pressing device 20 for pressing the upper corner of the side surface of the glass are provided above the grinding platform 31.

[0025] The first edge pressing device 10 includes a first lifting plate 11 arranged sideways, an elastic pressing block assembly 12 arranged on the first lifting plate 11, a lifting column assembly 13 supporting the first lifting plate 11, and a first driving part 14 for driving the first lifting plate 11 to reciprocate vertically.

[0026] There are two sets of lifting column assemblies 13, which are arranged at the same side of the first lifting plate 11 at a distance from each other in the horizontal direction. The lifting column assemblies 13 include a vertically arranged support tube 13.1, a lifting tube 13.2 movably sleeved on the upper part of the support tube 13.1, and a connection box 13.3 sleeved and fixed on the outer periphery of the lifting tube 13.2. The connection box 13.3 is fixedly connected to the first lifting plate 11 to movably arrange the first lifting plate 11 on the support tube 13.1.

[0027] The elastic pressing block assembly 12 is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressing block assemblies 12 are arranged side by side transversely on the plate surface of the first lifting plate 11 away from the second lifting plate 21 and are partially exposed below the first lifting plate 11 . The elastic pressure block assembly 12 includes a fixed block 12.1, a first elastic rod 12.2, an axle connection block 12.3, a connecting shaft 12.4 and a pressure block 12.5. The fixed block 12.1 is in an inverted isosceles triangle shape and is fixed on the plate surface of the first lifting plate 11. One end of the first elastic rod 12.2 is fixed to a waist surface of the fixed block 12.1, the axle connection block 12.3 is fixed to the other end of the first elastic rod 12.2, the connecting shaft 12.4 is fixed on the axle connection block 12.3 perpendicular to the plate surface of the first lifting plate 11 and both ends are exposed. The pressure block 12.5 is a U-shaped block and is rotatably connected to both ends of the connecting shaft 12.4 through the axle holes correspondingly arranged on both sides of its U groove; all the pressure blocks 12.5 are exposed below the first lifting plate 11 and are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0028] The first driving part 14 comprises two transmission boxes 14.1, two transmission shafts 14.2, a synchronous shaft 14.3 and a driving motor 14.4. The two transmission boxes 14.1 are respectively fixed to the outer tops of the two connection boxes 13.3 through connecting sleeves 14.5. The two transmission shafts 14.2 are respectively rotatably arranged in the two lifting tubes 13.2 through ball bearings, and the tops are respectively connected to the upper transmission boxes 14.1 respectively, and the bottoms are respectively threadedly connected to the lower support tubes 13.1 respectively. The outer ring of the ball bearing is fixedly connected to the lifting tube 13.2, and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 14.2, so that the lifting tube 13.2 can move up and down with the transmission shaft 14.2. The two ends of the synchronous shaft 14.3 are respectively connected to the two transmission boxes 14.1. The driving motor 14.4 is fixedly arranged on any transmission box 14.1 and connected to the transmission box 14.1. The driving motor 14.4 can drive the two transmission shafts 14.2 to move up and down synchronously through the transmission box 14.1 and the synchronization shaft 14.3, and the two transmission shafts 14.2 can synchronously drive the first lifting plate 11 to move up and down through the lifting tube 13.2 and the connection box 13.3.

[0029] The first edge pressing device 10 also includes a pressing belt assembly 15, which includes a pressing belt 15.1 and a pulley 15.2. The pressing belt 15.1 is wound around the periphery of all elastic pressing block assemblies 12 and is close to the bottom surface of all pressing blocks 12.5. The pulley 15.2 is arranged on the first lifting plate 11 on the outer sides of both sides of all elastic pressing block assemblies 12 and connects the two ends of the pressing belt 15.1.

[0030] The second edge pressing device 20 includes a second lifting plate 21 arranged parallel to one side of the first lifting plate 11, an elastic pressing wheel assembly 22 arranged on the second lifting plate 21, and a second driving part 23 for connecting the second lifting plate 21 to the first lifting plate 11 and driving the second lifting plate 21 to move vertically.

[0031] There are two sets of second driving parts 23, and the two sets of second driving parts 23 are arranged at the top of the first lifting plate 11 and the second lifting plate 21 at a distance from each other laterally; the second driving part 23 includes a first L-shaped plate 23.1, a second L-shaped plate 23.2 and a cylinder 23.3, the first L-shaped plate 23.1 is fixed to the top of the first lifting plate 11 through its vertical folding surface, the second L-shaped plate 23.2 is fixed to the top of the second lifting plate 21 through its vertical folding surface and its transverse folding surface is located directly above the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate 23.1, the cylinder body of the cylinder 23.3 is fixedly installed on the top of the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate 23.1, and the piston rod is upwardly connected to the transverse folding surface of the second L-shaped plate 23.2.

[0032] The elastic pressure wheel assembly 22 is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressure wheel assemblies 22 are arranged side by side horizontally on a side surface of the second lifting plate 21 away from the first lifting plate 11 and partially exposed below the second lifting plate 21. The elastic pressure wheel assembly 22 comprises a support seat 22.1, a second elastic rod 22.2 fixedly arranged on the support seat 22.1, a wheel seat 22.3 fixedly arranged on the second elastic rod 22.2, and a truncated cone-shaped pressure wheel 22.4 rotatably arranged on the wheel seat 22.3. The support seat 22.1 is fixedly installed on a side surface of the second lifting plate 21, and the second elastic rod 22.2 is arranged on the support seat 22.1 in parallel with the surface and bottom edge of the first lifting plate 21. Its two ends are symmetrically exposed on the corresponding two sides of the support seat 22.1, the wheel seats 22.3 are arranged in pairs at the two ends of the second elastic rod 22.2, and the truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels 22.4 are arranged in pairs on different wheel seats 22.3. The wheel axes of all truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels 22.4 are perpendicular to the plate surface of the second lifting plate 21 and fixed on the wheel seats 22.3 where they are located. The wheel bodies are partially exposed below the second lifting plate 21 and are located on the same horizontal plane. The small round surfaces of all truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels 22.4 are located on the same side of the second lifting plate 21, so that the inclined wheel surfaces of all truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels 22.4 form the same angle with the horizontal plane.

[0033] The lifting column assembly 13 is arranged on the machine platform 30 on the side of the edge grinding table 31, the first lifting plate 11 and the second lifting plate 21 are both arranged on the upper side of the edge grinding table 31 and the plate surfaces are both arranged parallel to the side of the edge grinding table 31, the elastic pressure block assembly 12 is aligned with the top surface of the glass on the edge grinding table 31, and the elastic pressure wheel assembly 22 is aligned with the upper corner of the side surface of the glass on the edge grinding table 31.

[0034] like Figure 8 As shown, during installation, two machines 30 with the same structure are horizontally spaced apart and symmetrically arranged, so that the edge grinding tables 31 on the two machines 30 are parallel and symmetrical to each other, the first edge pressing devices 10 and the second edge pressing devices 20 on the two machines 30 are symmetrical to each other, and the first lifting plates 11 and the second lifting plates 21 on the two machines 30 are parallel and symmetrical to each other; the small circular surfaces of the pressing wheels 22.4 on the two machines 30 are arranged opposite to each other, so that the angles between the inclined wheel surfaces of all the pressing wheels 22.4 and the top surfaces of the edge grinding tables 31 are all acute angles.

[0035] During operation, the glass 40 to be processed is horizontally placed on the two edge grinding tables 31, the pressing belts 15.1 on the two tables 30 are respectively located above the corresponding two sides of the glass 40 to be processed, and the pressing wheels 22.4 on the two tables 30 are respectively located directly above the corresponding two sides of the glass 40 to be processed. If the glass 40 to be processed is ordinary glass without a film on the surface, the first edge pressing device 10 works, the driving motor 14.4 drives the first lifting plate 11, the elastic pressing block assembly 12 and the bottom of the pressing belt 15.1 to move downward, and the pressing block 12.5 presses the pressing belt 15.1 on the top edge of the glass 40 to be processed, and the pressing blocks 12.5 on the two tables 30 act synchronously to jointly press the glass 40 to be processed on the edge grinding table 31. If the glass 40 to be processed is a special glass with a film on the surface, the first edge pressing device 10 maintains the default high position and does not work, and the second edge pressing device 20 works, and the cylinder 23.3 drives the second lifting plate 21 and the elastic pressure wheel assembly 22 to move downward. Since the angle between the pressure wheel 22.4 and the top surface of the glass is also an acute angle, the pressure wheel 22.4 can be pressed on the upper corner of the side of the glass 40 to be processed through its inclined wheel surface. The pressure wheels 22.4 on the two machine platforms 30 move synchronously, and can cooperate with each other to squeeze toward each other, and jointly press the glass 40 to be processed on the edge grinding table 31.

Claims

1. A dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first edge pressing device (10) and a second edge pressing device (20) arranged on the first edge pressing device; the first edge pressing device (10) comprises a first lifting plate (11) arranged sideways, an elastic pressing block assembly (12) arranged on the first lifting plate (11), a lifting column assembly (13) supporting the first lifting plate (11), and a first driving part (14) for driving the first lifting plate (11) to reciprocate vertically on the first lifting column assembly (13); the second edge pressing device (20) comprises a second lifting plate (21) arranged parallel to one side of the first lifting plate (11), an elastic pressing block assembly (12) arranged on the second lifting plate (21), and a lifting column assembly (13) supporting the first lifting plate (11). 1), and a second driving part (23) for connecting the second lifting plate (21) to the first lifting plate (11) and driving the second lifting plate (21) to move vertically back and forth; the lifting column assembly (13) is arranged on the side of the edge grinding table (31), the first lifting plate (11) and the second lifting plate (21) are both located on the upper side of the edge grinding table (31) and the plate surfaces are both arranged parallel to the side of the edge grinding table (31), the elastic pressure block assembly (12) is aligned with the top edge of the glass on the edge grinding table (31), and the elastic pressure wheel assembly (22) is aligned with the upper corner of the side of the glass on the edge grinding table (31); The elastic pressure block assembly (12) comprises a fixed block (12.1), a first elastic rod (12.2), an axle connection block (12.3), a connecting shaft (12.4) and a pressure block (12.5); the fixed block (12.1) is in the shape of an inverted isosceles triangle and is fixed on the plate surface of the first lifting plate (11); one end of the first elastic rod (12.2) is fixed on a waist surface of the fixed block (12.1); the axle connection block (12.3) is fixed on the other end of the first elastic rod (12.2); the connecting shaft (12.4) is fixed on the axle connection block (12.3) perpendicular to the plate surface of the first lifting plate (11) and both ends are exposed; the pressure block (12.5) is a U-shaped block and is rotatably connected to both ends of the connecting shaft (12.4) through axle holes correspondingly arranged on both sides of its U groove; all the pressure blocks (12.5) are exposed below the first lifting plate (11) and are located on the same horizontal plane; Two sets of lifting column assemblies (13) are provided, and the two sets of lifting column assemblies (13) are arranged at a horizontal distance on the same side of the first lifting plate (11). The lifting column assemblies (13) comprise a vertically arranged support tube (13.1), a lifting tube (13.2) movably sleeved on the upper part of the support tube (13.1), and a connection box (13.3) sleeved and fixed on the outer periphery of the lifting tube (13.2), and the connection box (13.3) is fixedly connected to the first lifting plate (11) so as to movably arrange the first lifting plate (11) on the support tube (13.1) up and down; The first driving part (14) comprises two transmission boxes (14.1), two transmission shafts (14.2), a synchronous shaft (14.3) and a driving motor (14.4); the two transmission boxes (14.1) are respectively fixed to the outer tops of the two connection boxes (13.3) through connecting sleeves (14.5); the two transmission shafts (14.2) are respectively rotatably arranged inside the two lifting tubes (13.2) through ball bearings, and the tops are respectively transmission-connected to the transmission boxes (14.1) above them, and the bottoms are respectively threadedly connected to the insides of the support tubes (13.1) below them; the outer ring of the ball bearing is fixedly connected to the lifting tube (13.2), and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (14.2), so that the lifting tube (13.2) can move up and down with the transmission shaft (14.2); the two ends of the synchronous shaft (14.3) are respectively transmission-connected to the two transmission boxes (14.1); the driving motor (14.4) is fixedly arranged on any transmission box (14.1) and transmission-connected to the transmission box (14.1); The elastic pressure wheel assembly (22) comprises a support seat (22.1), a second elastic rod (22.2) fixedly mounted on the support seat (22.1), a wheel seat (22.3) fixedly mounted on the second elastic rod (22.2), and a truncated cone-shaped pressure wheel (22.4) rotatably mounted on the wheel seat (22.3); the support seat (22.1) is fixedly mounted on a side plate surface of the second lifting plate (21); the second elastic rod (22.2) is arranged on the support seat (22.1) in parallel with the plate surface and bottom edge of the second lifting plate (21); ) and its two ends are symmetrically exposed on the corresponding two sides of the support seat (22.1), the wheel seats (22.3) are arranged in pairs at the two ends of the second elastic rod (22.2), and the truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels (22.4) are arranged in pairs on different wheel seats (22.3), the wheel axles of all the truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels (22.4) are perpendicular to the plate surface of the second lifting plate (21) and are fixed on the wheel seats (22.3) where they are located, the wheel bodies are partially exposed below the second lifting plate (21) and are located on the same horizontal plane, and the small round surfaces of all the truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels (22.4) are located on the same side of the second lifting plate (21), so that the inclined wheel surfaces of all the truncated cone-shaped pressing wheels (22.4) form the same angle with the horizontal plane.

2. The dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic pressure block assembly (12) is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressure block assemblies (12) are arranged side by side transversely on the plate surface of the first lifting plate (11) away from the second lifting plate (21) and are partially exposed below the first lifting plate (11).

3. The dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first edge pressing device (10) further comprises a pressing belt assembly (15), wherein the pressing belt assembly (15) comprises a pressing belt (15.1) and a pulley (15.2), wherein the pressing belt (15.1) is arranged around the periphery of all the elastic pressing block assemblies (12) and is in close contact with the bottom surfaces of all the pressing blocks (12.5), and the pulley (15.2) is arranged on the outer sides of both sides of all the elastic pressing block assemblies (12) and is connected to both ends of the pressing belt (15.1).

4. The dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic pressure wheel assembly (22) is provided with a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of elastic pressure wheel assemblies (22) are arranged side by side transversely on a side surface of the second lifting plate (21) away from the first lifting plate (11) and partially exposed below the second lifting plate (21).

5. The dual-purpose glass edge pressing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of second drive parts (23) are provided, and the two sets of second drive parts (23) are arranged at a distance from each other on the top of the first lifting plate (11) and the second lifting plate (21) in a transverse direction. The second drive part (23) comprises a first L-shaped plate (23.1), a second L-shaped plate (23.2) and a cylinder (23.3). The first L-shaped plate (23.1) is fixed to the top of the first lifting plate (11) through its vertical folding surface, the second L-shaped plate (23.2) is fixed to the top of the second lifting plate (21) through its vertical folding surface, and its transverse folding surface is located directly above the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate (23.1). The cylinder body of the cylinder (23.3) is fixedly mounted on the top of the transverse folding surface of the first L-shaped plate (23.1), and the piston rod is connected upward to the transverse folding surface of the second L-shaped plate (23.2).

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