Magnetic control active anti-icing / deicing coating, preparation method and deicing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic control active anti-icing / deicing coating, a preparation method and a deicing method thereof. A coating base material comprises the following materials in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of silicone rubber; 20 to 30 parts of silicone oil; and 30 to 40 parts of ferroferric oxide nano particles. The magnetic response composite coating base material ferroferric oxide nanoparticles are uniformly mixed into a precursor mixed solution prepared from silicone rubber and silicone oil, and then vacuum defoaming treatment is performed to prepare the magnetic response composite coating. The coating material is prepared by arranging a bump and / or micropore microstructure on the surface of the coating base material and carrying out saturated swelling on silicone oil. The coating material has the characteristics of magnetic control effect, simple preparation process, good anti-icing / deicing effect, high durability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of active anti-icing / deicing coating manufacturing, and specifically discloses a magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating, a deicing method and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Surface ice accumulation and icing are severe challenges faced by large-scale power generation equipment, power transmission systems, wings, etc., affecting the normal working ability of related equipment and causing significant economic losses and energy waste. For example, ice on the surface of large wind turbine blades will reduce the lift coefficient of the blades, increase the drag coefficient of the blades, and lead to reduced power generation. Secondly, the unbalanced load of the unit will increase, reducing the life of the wind turbine components, causing the wind turbine blades to flutter, and even causing resonance of the whole machine, leading to the collapse of the unit. After the ice melts, the ice will be thrown out with the high-speed blades to form a safety hazard. Ice accumulation in the power transmission system increases the load on transmission towers and transmission lines, causing line breaks and equipment collapse, affecting industrial production and life in the surrounding areas. Ice accumulation on the wings will destroy the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft in flight, reduce lift, increase drag, and may undermine the safety of the aircraft, causing the flight to enter an unstable state. Severe ice accumulation will make it difficult to control the aircraft and cause flight accidents.

[0003] In response to the problem of surface ice accumulation, existing anti-icing strategies mainly include passive anti-icing and active deicing. Passive anti-icing relies on reducing the ice accumulation rate or the adhesion strength between ice and the surface. For example, coating low-freezing point anti-icing fluid, super-hydrophobic coating, super-slip coating and low interface toughness materials. Active deicing removes ice accumulation by introducing external energy such as thermal energy, chemical energy or mechanical energy, including circulating hot air, electric deicing and photothermal deicing. However, in engineering applications, most active and passive deicing methods still have many problems. Passive anti-icing coatings cannot currently achieve long-term anti-icing, and active deicing methods consume too much energy, accounting for up to 50% of the total energy consumption.

[0004] The research invention of passive anti-icing coating focuses on super-hydrophobic coating. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113913087A discloses a method for preparing a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion super-hydrophobic coating cured at room temperature, which uses epoxy resin as a coating film-forming material, aerogel and fluorosilane-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as microscopic rough structures, and prepares a super-hydrophobic coating. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN110607100A discloses a super-hydrophobic coating and a method for preparing the same, which uses epoxy resin-fluorine-modified curing agent as a film-forming material, fluorosilane FAS-17 as a low surface energy material, zinc oxide and polytetrafluoroethylene powder as microscopic rough structures, and the prepared coating is immersed in a stearic acid solution for a second time after curing to form a super-hydrophobic coating. Chinese patent publication number CN110804395A discloses an anti-icing coating, an anti-icing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method uses tetraethyl orthosilicate or acrylic resin as a film-forming material, long fluorocarbon chain silane as a hydrophobic modifier, silicon carbide and hydrophobic gas-phase SiO2 as a rough structure to prepare a super hydrophobic coating.

[0005] However, the micro-nano structures of most superhydrophobic coatings cannot withstand mechanical wear, dynamic impact, and cyclic icing / de-icing. In addition, under extreme conditions of high humidity and freezing, the interlocking structure formed between the micro / nano structure of the superhydrophobic coating and the ice will increase the adhesion strength of the ice. In many ice accumulation wind tunnel tests, superhydrophobic coatings were unable to achieve long-term anti-icing effects. In general, superhydrophobic coatings can achieve droplet anti-icing adhesion effects in a controlled laboratory environment, but they cannot achieve anti-icing in actual icing scenarios.

[0006] Hot air circulation, electric heating and photothermal deicing have been widely used for active deicing of various surfaces. The interface between ice and coating is melted by the generated Joule heat. The prerequisite for these active deicing technologies to achieve effective deicing is to raise the entire interface to above 0°C, melt the interface ice, and form a solid-liquid interface. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN111749857A discloses a blade gas-heat deicing system and its installation method, including a heater, a ventilation duct, several clamps, a blower, a baffle and a wiring bracket, which greatly reduces pollution and harm to the human body, saves construction time, reduces costs, and reduces the owner's downtime power generation losses. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN117946565A discloses an anti-deicing electric heating coating structure and its preparation method. The coating technology is arranged from top to bottom in sequence as a first coating, a second coating and a third coating, wherein the first coating has excellent super-hydrophobic properties, and is combined with the second coating to form a composite heating structure, which generates a large amount of heat energy through the electrothermal effect, and is directly and quickly transferred to the ice surface, achieving the technical effects of rapid heating and stable and continuous electrothermal operation. Chinese patent publication number CN114015964A discloses a method for preparing an electrothermal anti-icing coating on the surface of a blade. The method uses porous metal as an electrothermal element, and integrates the resin-SiO2 transition layer and the alumina-modified resin insulating thermal conductive layer through the penetration of resin, thereby improving the fatigue resistance of the electrothermal element. Chinese patent publication number CN109486269A discloses an active photothermal deicing coating and its preparation and application, which quickly generates heat under near-infrared light irradiation to achieve the effect of rapid photothermal deicing, realizing active photothermal deicing on the coating surface.

[0007] In addition, combining active deicing and passive anti-icing is an effective hybrid anti-icing technology. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116376414A discloses a photothermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating and a preparation method thereof. The super-hydrophobic coating designed by the method is attached to the surface of the photothermal coating and does not affect the photothermal performance. The ice is melted into water by the photothermal coating under illumination conditions by the combination of the two, and the super-hydrophobic coating is quickly removed under the action of wind or vibration external force to achieve the functional effect of anti-icing. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116656235A discloses a super-hydrophobic coating with photothermal anti-icing and deicing performance and a preparation method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the super-hydrophobic coating prepared by the method has the effects of photothermal and super-hydrophobic, and under the illumination of different light intensities, the effect of anti-icing and deicing is achieved. However, these active deicing methods inevitably consume a lot of energy to remove ice accumulation on large surfaces. Therefore, the existing active anti-icing coating technology has not yet achieved the technical requirements of low energy consumption and high efficiency deicing. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate with an ultra-low elastic modulus and a coating material for active magnetically controlled anti-icing / deicing, thereby solving at least one of the above-mentioned prior arts. In this application, a precursor mixture is made of silicone rubber and silicone oil in a specific mass ratio, and then ferroferric oxide nanoparticles are mixed to produce a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate with a microstructure on the surface. After these microstructures are saturated and swollen, a coating material is formed. The coating material has an ultra-low elastic modulus, which can achieve a large magnetically induced compression deformation and reduce the adhesion strength between the coating and the ice. In addition, the present invention proposes to swell the hydrophobic magnetically responsive surface microstructure with silicone oil, so that the volume of the hydrophobic magnetically responsive surface microstructure can be expanded, which can greatly increase the magnetically induced compression deformation amplitude, thereby further enhancing the magnetically controlled active anti-icing effect. At the same time, under the action of the magnetic field, the saturated swollen microstructure is magnetically compressed, and the silicone oil attached to the microstructure is squeezed out, which can continuously replenish the oil film on the surface of the microstructure, thereby greatly improving the durability of the magnetically responsive coating.

[0009] The purpose of the present application is also to provide a method for preparing the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material as described above, a blade coated with the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material, and an anti-icing / de-icing method.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides the following technical solutions.

[0011] In a first aspect, the present application provides a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate, which comprises the following materials in proportion by weight:

[0012] Silicone rubber: 40-50 parts;

[0013] Silicone oil: 20-30 parts;

[0014] Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles: 30-40 parts,

[0015] The magnetic responsive composite coating substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles into a precursor mixture liquid made of the silicone rubber and the silicone oil, and then performing vacuum degassing treatment.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material, the coating material comprising a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate as described above, and silicone oil swollen on the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate, wherein the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate is formed with a microstructure of protrusions or micropores that are densely packed and have a pore size of 0.1-100 μm, and the microstructure is filled by the saturated swelling of the silicone oil.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material, wherein the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material is the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0018] Preparing a silicone rubber precursor solution, taking a silicone rubber base material, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the silicone rubber precursor solution;

[0019] Preparing a precursor mixed solution, taking the silicone rubber precursor solution and silicone oil in a mass ratio, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the precursor mixed solution;

[0020] Preparing a coating material solution, taking the precursor mixed solution and the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles according to a mass ratio, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the coating material solution;

[0021] Coating shaping, after coating the coating material solution on the flat template surface, standing still until the coating material solution is naturally leveled and then vacuum curing, to obtain a magnetic responsive composite coating substrate with the microstructure on the surface;

[0022] Swelling silicone oil, demolding the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate from the template surface, and then completely immersing the substrate in silicone oil to swell for no less than 18 hours to obtain a coating material.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a blade, the surface of which is coated with a magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material as described in any one of the above items.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides an anti-icing / de-icing method using any of the above-mentioned magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating materials, the method comprising:

[0025] A magnetic force is applied to the coating material with an ice layer at a magnetic field strength of 5mt-30mt.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following positive effects:

[0027] 1. Compared with conventional composite material coatings, the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate and the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material described in this article are ultra-low elastic modulus materials, which can achieve larger magnetically induced compression deformation and reduce the adhesion strength between the coating and ice;

[0028] 2. In this paper, sandpaper with randomly distributed micro-nano protrusions and pits on the surface can be used as a template to prepare the fillable surface of the hydrophobic magnetic responsive composite coating substrate using the reverse molding technology. This method does not require the use of expensive photolithography equipment and femtosecond laser equipment to prepare the microstructure template, and has significant manufacturing cost advantages;

[0029] 3. This paper proposes a hydrophobic magnetically responsive fillable surface prepared by inverted molding using a porous microstructure surface as a template. Under the action of a driving magnetic field of low magnetic field intensity, the micropores on the hydrophobic magnetically responsive fillable surface can be compressed and filled, reducing the adhesion strength between the coating and ice.

[0030] 4. The present invention proposes to use silicone oil to swell the microstructure of the fillable surface of the hydrophobic magnetic responsive composite coating substrate, so that the volume of the microstructure of the fillable surface expands, which can greatly increase the amplitude of magneto-compression deformation, thereby further enhancing the magnetic control active anti-icing effect.

[0031] 5. The present invention proposes to use silicone oil to saturate the fillable surface microstructure of the hydrophobic magnetic responsive composite coating substrate. After the hydrophobic magnetic responsive fillable surface microstructure swells and absorbs a large amount of silicone oil to saturation, a nano-oil film is formed on the surface of the microstructure, causing the interface between the coating and the ice to change from a solid-solid interface to a solid-liquid interface, thereby delaying the freezing time, reducing the freezing rate, and greatly reducing the adhesion strength between the coating and the ice.

[0032] 6. The silicone oil saturated swollen hydrophobic magnetic response can fill the surface. Under the action of the magnetic field, the saturated swollen microstructure is magnetically compressed, and part of the silicone oil is squeezed out, which can continuously replenish the oil film on the surface of the microstructure, thereby greatly improving the durability of the magnetic response coating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] One or more embodiments described herein are exemplarily illustrated by pictures in the corresponding drawings, and these exemplifications do not constitute limitations on the embodiments. Elements with the same figure marks in the drawings represent similar elements, and unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute proportional limitations.

[0034] Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph showing a microstructured surface (fillable surface) on a coating material intermediate / coating substrate;

[0035] Figure 2 Static water contact angle graph showing the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate / coating substrate;

[0036] Figure 3 3D topography showing the surface of 2000 grit sandpaper;

[0037] Figure 4 3D topography showing the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate / coating substrate;

[0038] Figure 5 Scanning electron micrograph showing the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate / composite coating substrate after saturated swelling;

[0039] Figure 6 Static water contact angle graph showing the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate / composite coating substrate after saturated swelling;

[0040] Figure 7 3D topography of the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate / composite coating substrate after saturated swelling;

[0041] Figure 8 A comparison of static water contact angles and contact angle hysteresis of Ecoflex, Ecoflex / Fe3O4, the fillable surface of the composite coating substrate before swelling, and the fillable surface of the composite coating substrate after saturated swelling;

[0042] Fig. 9 Displays the schematic diagram of the magnetically controlled anti-icing / de-icing test system;

[0043] Fig.10 Schematic diagram showing fluorescence analysis experiment based on laser confocal microscopy under different magnetic field intensities;

[0044] Fig.11 A graph showing the relationship between the area coverage percentage of the fluorescent agent on the fillable surface of the composite coating material intermediate / coating substrate after saturated swelling and the magnetic field strength;

[0045] Fig.12 A comparison chart showing the shear force per unit width of Ecoflex / Fe3O4 and coating materials at different ice lengths in the absence of a magnetic field;

[0046] Fig.13 Displays B with 0mT, 10mT and 30mT applied respectively whole The relationship between the shear force per unit width of the coating material and the ice length when ;

[0047] Fig.14 The relationship between the adhesion strength at the interface between ice and coating material and the magnetic field strength is shown when L = 13.5 cm;

[0048] Fig.15 For B whole =30mT, L = 23.5cm, the relationship between the deicing force of the coating material and time;

[0049] Fig.16 To apply the overall magnetic field B during and before pushing the ice whole , schematic diagram of the comparison results of the shear force per unit width of the coating material when L = 23.5cm;

[0050] Fig.17 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B is applied at S = 0, S = 8 cm and S = 23 cm. LocalSchematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the magnetic field intensity when ;

[0051] Fig.18 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B is applied at S = 0, S = 8 cm and S = 23 cm. Local Schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the magnetic field intensity when ;

[0052] Fig.19 Apply a local magnetic field B of 10mT and 30mT for pushing ice Local Schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the position where the magnetic field is applied when ;

[0053] Fig. 20 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B of 10mT and 30mT is applied at S = 0. Local Schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the ice length when ;

[0054] Fig.21 Before pushing the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at S = 0. local Apply a 50mT overall magnetic field B before pushing the ice whole Schematic diagram of comparison results of shear force per unit width;

[0055] Fig. 22 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at S = 0. local The whole magnetic field B of 50mT is applied instantly by pushing ice whole Schematic diagram of comparison results of shear force per unit width;

[0056] Fig.23 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at S = 0. local and an overall magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied whole Schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the number of icing / deicing cycles;

[0057] Fig.24 To push the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at S = 0. local and an overall magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied whole Schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the number of wear cycles;

[0058] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the frequency of the electromagnet input voltage;

[0059] Fig.26 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the input voltage of the electromagnet at 0.5Hz and time;

[0060] Fig. 27When the electromagnet is supplied with a 24V square wave voltage of 0.5Hz, the coating sample is tilted to 60°, and the various states of a large-scale ice block (150mm×250mm×10mm);

[0061] Fig.28 When the electromagnet is powered off, the coating sample is tilted to 90°, and the state diagrams of the large scale (150mm×250mm×10mm);

[0062] Fig.29 These are the various state diagrams of a large-scale ice block (150mm×250mm×10mm) on the aluminum plate even when the aluminum plate is tilted to 180°. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] Unless otherwise indicated, implied from the context, or customary in the prior art, all parts and percentages in this application are based on weight, and the test and characterization methods used are all current as of the filing date of this application. Where applicable, the contents of any patent, patent application or publication referred to in this application are fully incorporated herein by reference, and their equivalent patent families are also incorporated by reference, especially the definitions of synthesis techniques, product and processing designs, polymers, comonomers, initiators or catalysts disclosed in these documents in the art. If the definition of a specific term disclosed in the prior art is inconsistent with any definition provided in this application, the definition of the term provided in this application shall prevail.

[0064] Numerical ranges in this application are approximate values, so unless otherwise specified, they may include numerical values ​​outside the range. Numerical ranges include all numerical values ​​from the lower limit to the upper limit increased by 1 unit, provided that there is an interval of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if the recorded component, physical or other properties (such as molecular weight, melt index, etc.) are 100 to 1000, it means that all single values ​​are clearly listed, such as 100, 101, 102, etc., and all sub-ranges, such as 100 to 166, 155 to 170, 198 to 200, etc. For a range containing a numerical value less than 1 or containing a fraction greater than 1 (such as 1.1, 1.5, etc.), 1 unit is appropriately regarded as 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1. For a range containing a single digit less than 10 (such as 1 to 5), 1 unit is usually regarded as 0.1. These are only specific examples of what is intended to be expressed, and all possible combinations of values ​​between the lowest and highest values ​​listed are considered to be clearly stated in this application. It should also be noted that the terms "first", "second", "upper" and "lower" in this article do not limit the order of precedence, but are only used to distinguish substances with different structures.

[0065] When used with respect to chemical compounds, unless expressly specified otherwise, the singular includes all isomeric forms and vice versa (e.g., "hexane" includes all isomers of hexane, individually or collectively). In addition, nouns using "a," "an," or "the" also include their plural forms unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0066] The terms "comprising", "including", "having" and their derivatives do not exclude the presence of any other components, steps or processes, and are irrelevant to whether these other components, steps or processes are disclosed in this application. To eliminate any doubt, unless explicitly stated, all compositions using the terms "comprising", "including", or "having" in this application may include any additional additives, adjuvants or compounds. On the contrary, except for those necessary for operating performance, the term "essentially consisting of..." excludes any other components, steps or processes from the scope of any description of the term below. The term "consisting of..." does not include any components, steps or processes that are not specifically described or listed. Unless explicitly stated, the term "or" refers to the listed individual members or any combination thereof.

[0067] The term "silicone rubber" refers to a predominantly linear polyorganosiloxane that is substantially free of trifunctional T units (RSiO 3 / 2 ) and the tetrafunctional Q unit (SiO 4 / 2 ) and have a sufficiently high molecular weight (Mw) to provide a viscosity of greater than 10 MM centipoise (cP) at 25°C, and preferably at least 20 MM cP (e.g., 20 MM cP to 100 MM cP). The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of such rubbers is preferably at least 400,000 Daltons (e.g., 400,000 Daltons to 1,000,000 Daltons, and more preferably 450,000 Daltons to 700,000 Daltons). "Silicone rubber" may broadly refer to a material that exhibits rubber elasticity, is stable at standard ambient temperature and pressure and has a certain shape and volume, preferably a material having a glass transition temperature in the range below 25°C.

[0068] The term "silicone oil" refers to an oil containing at least one silicon atom and in particular containing Si-O groups.

[0069] As mentioned above, in the existing anti-icing / de-icing methods, in the passive anti-icing treatment method, the material coating cannot achieve long-term anti-icing; in the active de-icing method, de-icing converts ice into liquid water by heating components, which consumes too much energy, accounting for up to 50% of the total energy consumption. Based on this, the method, product, etc. disclosed in this article intend to solve at least one of the existing problems.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the present application provides a magnetic responsive composite coating substrate, which includes the following materials in the following mass proportions: 40-50 parts of silicone rubber; 20-30 parts of silicone oil; 30-40 parts of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, wherein the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate is made by mixing ferroferric oxide nanoparticles into a precursor mixture made of silicone rubber and silicone oil, and then vacuum degassing. The viscosity of the silicone oil is selected from 0.65cst-5000cst, and the size of the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles is selected from 10nm-50μm.

[0071] The surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate is formed with a microstructure of protrusions and / or micropores with a pore size of 0.1-100 μm through a template. After the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate is completely immersed in silicone oil for saturation swelling, the silicone oil completely fills the surface. The magnetically responsive composite coating substrate thus forms a coating material for magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing. For the convenience of description, the surface provided with a microstructure in the magnetically responsive composite substrate is referred to as a "fillable surface" in this article. The "fillable surface" is also present in the coating material.

[0072] The magnetically responsive composite coating material prepared according to the above mass percentage itself has an ultra-low elastic modulus. Under the action of a driving magnetic field of low magnetic field strength, the magnetically responsive composite coating material undergoes a large magnetic compression deformation, forcing the ice and the coating material that have not undergone synchronous deformation to be directly separated, which will reduce the adhesion strength between the coating material and the ice. The silicone oil swollen on the surface of the coating material itself has hydrophobic properties, which reduces the possibility of ice / water adhesion and reduces the amount of ice / water adhesion. Combined with the characteristics of the large magnetic compression deformation of the magnetically responsive composite coating material itself as described above, and the characteristics of the concave-convex microstructure that allows a large deformation on the fillable surface, the fillable surface of the coating material undergoes a more obvious deformation under the action of the magnetic field, which will be more conducive to deicing and anti-icing. While the fillable surface undergoes a large deformation, the saturated swollen microstructure will squeeze out the silicone oil in the micropores to ensure that an oil film is always formed on the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate.

[0073] In one embodiment, the average height of the protrusions in the coating material is set to be greater than the average depth of the micropores. Preferably, the average height of the protrusions is set to 20-40 μm, and the average depth of the micropores is set to 5-10 μm.

[0074] In one embodiment, the porosity of the surface of the magnetic responsive composite coating material is set to 25%-45%.

[0075] In one embodiment, the saturated swelling ratio of silicone oil on the surface of the coating material is 5% to 45%.

[0076] The above coating materials can be prepared by the following methods:

[0077] A silicone rubber precursor solution is prepared by taking a silicone rubber base material, stirring and mixing it, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain a silicone rubber precursor solution;

[0078] Preparing a precursor mixed solution, taking a silicone rubber precursor solution and silicone oil according to a mass ratio, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain a precursor mixed solution;

[0079] Prepare a coating material solution, take a precursor mixture and ferroferric oxide nanoparticles according to a mass ratio, stir and mix them, and then perform vacuum degassing to obtain a coating material solution;

[0080] The coating is formed by coating the coating material solution on the flat surface of the template, standing still until the coating material solution is naturally leveled and then vacuum curing to obtain a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate (i.e., a coating material intermediate) having the microstructure on the surface;

[0081] Swelling silicone oil, demolding the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate from the template surface, and completely immersing it in silicone oil, swelling for no less than 18 hours to obtain a coating material.

[0082] In one embodiment, the average depth of the micropores on the surface of the template is set to be less than the average depth of the micropores on the surface of the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate. The template can be conventional sandpaper, such as 600-3000 mesh sandpaper, and the microstructure on its surface has an average size (depth of micropores or height of microprotrusions) of 5-30 microns. According to the viscosity of the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate adjusted herein, the average depth of the micropores on the surface of the template is set to be 40% smaller than the average depth of the micropores on the surface of the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate.

[0083] The coating material in this article can be optionally coated on rotating parts such as blades (fans) that need to work in an open air environment.

[0084] After the above coating material is applied, a magnetic force can be applied to the coating material with an ice layer at a magnetic field strength of 5mt-30mt. The magnetic force is applied in an alternating form. The magnetic force herein can be provided by an electromagnet. According to the inventor's discovery, an alternating magnetic force will be beneficial for anti-icing / de-icing. An alternating magnetic force can be achieved by controlling the input voltage of the electromagnet. Since the frequency of the input voltage is less than the corresponding response frequency of the electromagnet. In addition, the inventor has found that an input voltage with a frequency of 0.5-2HZ can be used to effectively control the magnetic force for anti-icing / de-icing, and optimally, the input voltage is controlled to 0.5HZ.

[0085] While realizing magnetically controlled anti-icing / de-icing by magnetically controlling the above-mentioned coating material, the present invention also discloses a mechanism that cooperates with magnetically controlled anti-icing / de-icing, namely a push rod mechanism. The push rod mechanism includes a push rod that can reciprocate on the outer surface of the element provided with the coating material, and a motor that pushes the push rod. The motor can directly drive the push rod to move, or indirectly drive the push rod to move through an intermediate transmission mechanism. At this time, magnetically controlled de-icing / de-icing can be performed as follows: while applying magnetic force, the push rod is actuated to apply a thrust and / or a pulling force perpendicular to the thickness of the ice layer to the ice layer, that is, the action of pushing or pulling the ice layer is basically or completely synchronized with the action of applying magnetic force to perform anti-icing / de-icing.

[0086] The minimum distance between the contact point of the push rod with the ice layer and the outer edge of the ice layer is selected from any value within the range of 0-4 cm. Most preferably, the position of the push rod is adjusted so that the push rod contacts the ice at the outer edge of the ice layer.

[0087] Example

[0088] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and raw materials used can be purchased through commercial channels. The experimental methods in the following examples that do not specify specific conditions are selected according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the product specifications.

[0089] In the following examples, magnetically responsive composite coating substrates were prepared by the following general steps:

[0090] First, 20 g of Ecoflex 30 Part A and Part B ((Ecoflex 30-polybutylene adipate terephthalate) purchased from Smooth-On Company, USA) were added into a beaker, stirred at 2000 rpm for 30 seconds using a mechanical stirrer, and then vacuum degassing was performed to prepare a uniform Ecoflex 30 precursor solution.

[0091] Subsequently, 20 g of silicone oil with a viscosity of 1000 cst was added to the Ecoflex 30 precursor solution, and the mixture was stirred at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes using a mechanical stirrer, and then vacuum degassing was performed to prepare a silicone oil-Ecoflex 30 precursor solution (precursor mixed solution).

[0092] Finally, 40 g of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles with a particle size of 500 nanometers were added to the silicone oil-Ecoflex 30 precursor solution, stirred at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes using a mechanical stirrer, and then vacuum degassing was performed to obtain a magnetic responsive composite coating substrate (magnetic responsive composite coating material solution). The magnetic responsive composite coating material solution was stored in a 4°C medical refrigerator for standby use.

[0093] The process of preparing the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material based on the above-mentioned magnetically responsive composite coating substrate (magnetically responsive composite coating material solution) is completed by the following steps:

[0094] First, 2000-grit sandpaper (for example, 280 mm in length and 230 mm in width) is evenly fixed on a smooth aluminum plate (for example, 300 mm in length and 300 mm in width), with the surface of the sandpaper with the microstructure facing upward.

[0095] Subsequently, the magnetic responsive composite coating material solution is evenly coated on the surface of the sandpaper (template) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. After the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate solution is naturally leveled, the entire sample is transferred to a vacuum drying oven for vacuum treatment, so that the magnetic responsive composite coating material solution fully penetrates into the sandpaper microstructure, and is cured at 80°C for 2 hours under vacuum until the magnetic responsive composite coating solution is completely cured. Thereafter, the magnetic responsive composite coating material is peeled off from the sandpaper surface to obtain a coating substrate with a microstructure on the surface. The morphology of the surface (fillable surface) of the coating substrate can be seen in Figure 1 The SEM image shown shows a microstructure pattern of randomly distributed densely packed protrusions and micropores. The coating substrate is characterized by a low elastic modulus. Figure 2 The static water contact angle of the fillable surface of the coating substrate shown can reach 126.7°. The surface morphology of the sandpaper used to form the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the sandpaper in this example is 2000-grit sandpaper, the average depth of micropores on its surface is about 4.5 μm, the porosity is about 35%, and the average height of microprotrusions is about 15 μm. Figure 4 The 3D topography of the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate shown, wherein the average depth of the micropores on the fillable surface is about 6.5 μm, the porosity is about 30%, and the average height of the microprotrusions is about 21 μm.

[0096] Finally, the coating material intermediate is completely immersed in silicone oil with a viscosity of 10 cst, and after swelling for 24 hours, a coating material is obtained. The coating material has a high smoothness at this time and can be regarded as an ultra-smooth coating material. In this process, the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate is determined to have reached saturation swelling when the mass of the coating material intermediate no longer increases with the swelling time. The saturation swelling rate of the fillable surface of the coating material intermediate is calculated by weighing the mass before and after swelling, that is, before and after the coating material intermediate is converted into the coating material, and the saturation swelling rate is 42.3%.

[0097] See also Figure 5 The SEM image of the fillable surface of the coating material after saturated swelling is shown. Figure 4 and Figure 1It can be seen that the volume of the micro-protrusion structure on the fillable surface increases significantly after saturated swelling, and the porous structure on the surface is filled with silicone oil. Figure 6 It can be seen that the static water contact angle of the fillable surface after saturated swelling is reduced to 77.5°. Figure 7 As shown in Figure 2, the average depth of the micropores on the fillable surface after swelling is about 8.5 μm, the porosity is about 28%, and the average height of the microprotrusions is 26 μm. Figure 8 As shown, the static water contact angle hysteresis of the low elastic modulus hydrophobic magnetic responsive fillable surface after swelling is less than 8°, which is beneficial to ensure that the coating material can reduce the adhesion strength with ice.

[0098] In order to facilitate quantitative analysis of various parameters of the coating material / coating substrate in this application and to provide additional deicing / icing means, the inventors have designed the following Fig. 9 The magnetic control anti-icing / de-icing test system 100 shown in the figure. The test system 100 includes a test bench 10, a push plate system 20 and a push rod system 30. The test bench 10 is placed with a component coated with the above-mentioned coating material (saturated and swollen), a thermometer 11, etc. The push plate system 20 includes a first stepper motor 21, a first bracket 22 with a vertical slide rail, and a push plate arranged on the vertical slide rail. The push plate is connected to the vertical slide rail through a first slider 23. The first stepper motor 21 can push the push plate 24 to move up and down along the vertical slide rail, driving the permanent magnet 25 fixed on the push plate to approach or move away from the component on the test bench 10 to adjust the magnetic field strength at the coating material of the component. The push rod system 30 includes a second stepper motor 31, a second bracket 32 ​​with a transverse slide rail, and a push rod 33 arranged on the transverse slide rail. The second stepper motor 31 can push the push rod 33 to move back and forth along the transverse slide rail to push or pull the ice layer attached to the surface of the coating material. The push rod 33 is connected to the transverse slide rail via a force sensor 34 via a second slide block 35. During the process of pushing / pulling the ice layer, the force sensor 34 can monitor the force of the push rod acting on the ice layer.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] This embodiment is concerned with investigating the effect of magnetic fields of different strengths on the amount of silicone oil extruded from the surface of a coating material. The experiment is a fluorescence analysis experiment based on laser confocal microscopy observation under different magnetic field strengths. The experimental principle is as follows: Fig.10 Specifically, the fillable surface was first swelled to saturation using 10cst silicone oil containing 0.1% fluorescent agent. The magnetic field intensity generated by the permanent magnet (NdFeB permanent magnet) was then adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of glass slides. Finally, the distribution of the fluorescent agent on the fillable surface of the coating material was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Fig.10 The test bench load Fig.10 Slide shown. Fig. 9 The test bench can be obtained as Fig.11 As shown, under the magnetic field of 0mT, 10mT, 20mT and 30mT, the area coverage of the fluorescent agent on the invented coating material is 5.93%, 9.39%, 16.66% and 26.83% respectively. Therefore, these experimental results show that the amount of silicone oil squeezed out increases with the increase of magnetic field strength. Applying a stronger magnetic field is conducive to forming a thicker silicone oil layer on the surface of the component.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] This embodiment involves investigating the difference in adhesion strength after coating a coating material without the fillable surface described above and the coating material of the present application, under the condition of no application of a magnetic field. The coating material without a fillable surface is a material obtained by immersing a magnetically responsive composite coating substrate in silicone oil without a microstructure of closely laid protrusions or micropores with a pore size of 0.1-100 μm on the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate. For the purpose of distinction, this material is recorded as Ecoflex / Fe3O4 (magnetic soft composite material without microstructure). In the following experiments, the push rod acts on the ice layer in the form of applying a thrust. The "force" involved is expressed as the thrust applied by the push rod to the ice layer. The experiments involved were at an ambient temperature of -20°C.

[0103] Fig.12 The shear force per unit width is the force applied when the push rod pushes the ice layer of unit thickness and width to fall. Fig.12 It can be seen that by comparing the deicing force test results of Ecoflex / Fe3O4 and the invented coating, it can be found that the unit width shear force of the ice layer under the Ecoflex / Fe3O4 coating condition increases proportionally as the ice length (L) increases from 1.5cm to 15.5cm. When L>15.5cm, the unit width shear force remains constant and remains at a level of ~180±23N / cm. On the contrary, the unit width shear force of the ice layer under the invented coating condition increases proportionally as L increases from 1.5cm to 13.5cm, but when L>13.5cm, the unit width shear force no longer increases and remains at ~21±3N / cm. Therefore, compared with the Ecoflex / Fe3O4 coating, the critical length (Lc) of the invented coating material is reduced by about 12.9%. Among them, when L = 15.5 cm, the shear strength of the interface between ice and Ecoflex / Fe3O4 coating is about 115.7±13.5 kPa, but the shear strength of the interface between ice and the invented coating material is only 13.8±2.8 kPa, which is about 8 times lower than that under Ecoflex / Fe3O4 coating conditions.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] This embodiment involves investigating the effect of different magnetic field strengths on the anti-icing / de-icing capabilities of coating materials. Fig.13 , which demonstrates the magnetic force applied to all coating material locations (B whole ) under different magnetic field strengths, and the relationship between the shear force per unit width and the corresponding maximum ice length. Fig.13 It can be seen that applying a 30 mT overall magnetic field can reduce the critical length (Lc) of the invented coating material by ∼37% (from 13.5 cm to 8.5 cm). Fig.13 , which shows the relationship between the adhesion strength and magnetic field strength of the interface between the ice layer and the coating material of the present invention when the ice length L is 13.5 cm. Fig.14 It can be seen that near the critical length (L = 13.5 cm), a 30 mT overall magnetic field B is applied. whole The interfacial ice adhesion strength between ice and coating material can be reduced by 50% (from 13 kPa to 6.5 kPa). whole The effect of shear force is very significant because the application of magnetic field will help enhance the interface lubrication.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] This embodiment involves investigating the application of an overall magnetic field B whole , the influence of different magnetic field conditions on the shear force per unit width. The test conditions are: overall magnetic field B whole The strength is set to 30mT, the length of the ice layer L is uniformly set to 23.5cm, and the length is set to 30mT before the push rod applies the thrust (corresponding to Fig.15 t in <t c The magnetic field is applied at the moment when the push rod applies the thrust (corresponding to Fig.15 Medium c <t<t response For the convenience of description, this article will refer to the moment when the push rod applies thrust as "the moment when the ice is pushed" and the moment before the push rod applies thrust as "before the ice is pushed". Fig.16 It can be seen that, whether the length is less than the critical length Lc or greater than the critical length Lc, the instantaneous application of the overall magnetic field B whole Apply an overall magnetic field B before pushing the ice whole , the effect on ice adhesion is consistent. Therefore, for the overall applied magnetic field B whole As for the method of improving the anti-icing effect of the surface, it is only necessary to apply a magnetic field when deicing is required. This can better retain the silicone oil lubricant stored in the micropores of the invented coating material. It should be pointed out that because the magnetic field B is applied as a whole wholeDuring the deicing process, the deicing shear force consumption of silicone oil is proportional to the ice area, that is, the larger the ice area, the lower the durability of the invented coating.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] This embodiment involves investigating the application of a local magnetic field B local , the influence of different magnetic field conditions on the shear force per unit width. The test conditions are: the length of the ice layer L is uniformly set to 23.5cm, the permanent magnet (24DC, the maximum magnetic field strength on the surface is about 1500mT) is fixed closely to the lower side of the test bench, and the minimum distance between the contact point between the push rod and the ice layer and the outer edge of the ice layer is set to 0, 8, and 23cm respectively. Fig.17 ) applies a magnetic field, and at the moment of pushing the ice (corresponding to Fig.18 ) applies a magnetic field. Fig.17 It can be seen that before pushing the ice, a local magnetic field B is applied Local , then applying a local magnetic field at different ice formation locations has no significant effect on the shear force per unit width of a large area of ​​ice. Moreover, if the magnetic field is applied at the moment of pushing the ice, applying a local magnetic field (B) at position F (S = 0, i.e. the contact point between the push rod and the ice layer is at the outer edge of the ice layer) local ) will significantly reduce the shear force required to remove large areas of ice. Fig.18 As shown in Figure 2, when the local magnetic field increases from 10 mT to 30 mT, the shear force per unit width decreases proportionally from 15 ± 3 N / cm to 7.5 ± 2.5 N / cm. local When the magnetic field is greater than 30 mT, the shear force per unit width no longer decreases and remains at 8 ± 3 N / cm. local The shear force required to remove ice from a large area can be reduced by a factor of 3. local (such as S=8cm, S=23cm) has almost no effect on the shear force of large areas of ice.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] This embodiment is concerned with investigating the influence of the position of the contact point (S) between the push rod and the ice layer on the shear force under the local magnetic condition applied at the moment of pushing the ice. Fig.19 Under the experimental conditions: the length of the ice layer L is uniformly set to 23.5 cm, and a local magnetic field B of 10 mT is applied at the moment of pushing the ice. local When the minimum distance S between the push rod force point and the outermost edge of the ice layer increases from 0 to 4 cm, the shear force per unit width increases by nearly 30% (proportionally from ~15N / cm to ~21N / cm). localWhen the shear force per unit width is 30 mT, it increases by nearly 300% (from 7.5 N / cm to 21 N / cm). local The effective distance (S c ) is 4cm. Therefore, the force point of the push rod should be as close to the outer edge of the ice as possible, preferably S≤4cm. C To a certain extent, it depends on the effective magnetic field range of the electromagnet used. Based on the above data, it can be seen that when the minimum distance S between the push rod force point and the outermost edge of the ice layer is 0, a local magnetic field B is applied at the moment of pushing the ice. local This will significantly reduce the shear force required to remove large areas of ice (see Fig. 20 ). When the ice length is smaller than a certain size, the effective magnetic field range of the electromagnet used covers most of the ice area, and the effect of applying a local magnetic field on the shear force is close to the effect of applying an overall magnetic field. Therefore, the shear force per unit width increases linearly with two different slopes.

[0112] Example 7

[0113] This embodiment involves investigating the influence of applying local magnetic fields of different strengths on the shear force per unit width before and at the moment of pushing the ice. Fig.21 The comparative experimental results shown show that before pushing the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at the minimum distance S = 0 between the push rod force point and the outermost edge of the ice layer. local There is almost no effect on the shear force per unit width. And compared with not applying a local magnetic field, the critical length L of the ice layer of the invented coating is c There is almost no change. However, before pushing the ice, a 50mT overall magnetic field B is applied whole The shear force per unit width is reduced by ∼300% (from 21 N / cm to 6.5 N / cm). Nevertheless, for large-scale deicing applications, the implementation of the overall magnetic field B over a large area is necessary. whole It is not the most preferred one and can be verified by combining with the following other tests.

[0114] Depend on Fig. 22 It can be seen that at the moment of pushing the ice, a local magnetic field B of 50 mT is applied at the minimum distance S = 0 between the push rod force point and the outermost edge of the ice layer. local The shear force per unit width can be greatly reduced, which is similar to the application of the overall magnetic field B whole These results show that the effect of applying B at S = 0 at the moment of pushing ice local Can effectively replace the application of B whole , and achieve the same deicing results. This means that in reality, large-area deicing no longer requires the application of a large-area magnetic field, but only requires the application of a small-intensity magnetic field locally during deicing, which will provide an important experimental basis for the practical application of magnetic control deicing. In addition, applying a local magnetic field B localIt also means that the reduction of silicone oil loss in the coating material will effectively improve the durability of the coating material. For actual deicing scenarios, the magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet can be replaced by an electromagnet, and by adjusting the frequency of the electromagnet on and off, the problem of instantaneous coordination between magnetic field application and ice pushing can be effectively avoided, thereby truly realizing magnetic control anti-icing.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] This embodiment involves a durability test of the coating material involved in the present invention. The test conditions are set as follows: local and 50mT overall magnetic field B whole 30 icing / de-icing cycles were performed under the action of Fig.23 , within 10 icing / deicing cycles, regardless of the applied local magnetic field B local Or the overall magnetic field B whole , the shear force per unit width remains constant (~8N / cm). At the moment of pushing the ice, S=0 (the minimum distance S between the push rod force point and the outermost edge of the ice layer is 0), the local magnetic field B local =50mT, the shear force per unit width increases by 200% after 30 icing / deicing cycles. However, when the overall magnetic field B is applied whole When the local magnetic field B is applied, the shear force per unit width increases by 300% after 30 icing / deicing cycles. local It also means that the loss of silicone oil stored in the microstructure of the coating material is reduced, which will effectively improve the durability of the coating. Fig.24 , which shows the relationship between shear force per unit width and number of cycles. Fig.24 It can be seen that, regardless of whether a magnetic field is applied or not, the shear force per unit width of the invented coating material increases sharply with the increase in the number of wear cycles. It should be noted that when the number of wear cycles exceeds 200, the application of the overall magnetic field B whole It will hardly affect the shear force per unit width of the coating material (it still increases sharply with the increase of the number of wear cycles). When the ice is pushed, a local magnetic field B is applied at S = 0. local =50mT, the shear force per unit width increases slowly, but is always less than the applied B whole This is because when the number of wear exceeds 200 times, the overall magnetic field B whole It will not reduce the shear force. When pushing the ice, it is at S=0. local = 50mT can still slightly reduce the shear force per unit width. Therefore, it can be considered that the overall magnetic field B whole Compared with the application of local magnetic field B local It can reduce the shear force per unit width while ensuring a certain wear resistance.

[0117] Example 9

[0118] This embodiment is concerned with examining the relationship between the shear force per unit width of the coating material involved in the present invention and the input voltage of the electromagnet. In this embodiment, the frequency of the input voltage of the electromagnet (the switching frequency of the electromagnet powering on and off) is controlled to achieve the effect of applying a magnetic field at the moment of deicing. Fig.25 The effect of the input voltage frequency of the electromagnet on the de-icing per unit width is demonstrated. When the input voltage frequency of the electromagnet is less than 0.5Hz, the shear force per unit width of the invented coating material cannot be reduced, because at this time it is either equivalent to applying a magnetic field before pushing the ice, or equivalent to not applying a magnetic field. When the input voltage frequency of the electromagnet is equal to 0.5Hz, the minimum shear force per unit width can be obtained. When the input voltage frequency of the electromagnet is equal to 2Hz, the shear force per unit width increases. This is because the response frequency of the electromagnet is less than the input voltage frequency, causing the electromagnet to be in a state where there is always a magnetic field. This situation is equivalent to applying a magnetic field before pushing the ice.

[0119] See also Fig.26 , the solenoid input voltage frequency is set to 0.5Hz. Fig. 27 , at an ambient temperature of about -10°C, when a 24V square wave voltage with a frequency of 0.5Hz is applied to the electromagnet, the coating material sample is tilted 60°, and the ice on its surface slides down under the action of gravity ( Fig. 27 ). In contrast, see Fig.28 , when the electromagnet is powered off (no magnetic field applied), the coating material sample needs to be tilted ~90° for the ice on its surface to slide off under the action of gravity. This proves that applying a local magnetic field can reduce the shear force to remove ice from the coating. For comparison, see Fig.29 , which shows a comparative experiment of ice formation on the surface of an aluminum plate. Fig.29 It can be seen that even if the aluminum plate is tilted nearly 180°, the ice on its surface cannot slide off. It can be seen from this that for the coating material of the present invention, only a local magnetic field needs to be applied to achieve large-scale active deicing.

[0120] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present application. It is obvious that those familiar with the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without having to pay creative labor. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments herein, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the contents disclosed in the present application without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application are within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A magnetically responsive composite coating substrate, characterized in that: Including the following materials in proportion by mass: Silicone rubber: 40-50 parts; Silicone oil: 20-30 parts; Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles: 30-40 parts, The magnetic responsive composite coating substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles into a precursor mixture liquid made of the silicone rubber and the silicone oil, and then performing vacuum degassing treatment.

2. The magnetically responsive composite coating substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscosity of the silicone oil is 0.65cst-5000cst; and / or The size of the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles 10nm-50μm.

3. A magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material, characterized in that: The coating material includes the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate as described in claim 1 or 2, and silicone oil swollen on the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate, wherein the surface of the magnetically responsive composite coating substrate is formed with a microstructure of protrusions and / or micropores with a dense pore size of 0.1-100 μm, and the microstructure is filled by the saturated swelling of the silicone oil.

4. The magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The average height of the protrusions in the coating material is greater than the average depth of the micropores.

5. The magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The porosity of the surface of the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate is 25%-45%; and / or The saturated swelling rate of silicone oil on the surface of the coating material is 5% to 45%.

6. A method for preparing a magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material, wherein the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material is the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / deicing coating material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: Preparing a silicone rubber precursor solution, taking a silicone rubber base material, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the silicone rubber precursor solution; Preparing a precursor mixed solution, taking the silicone rubber precursor solution and silicone oil in a mass ratio, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the precursor mixed solution; Preparing a coating material solution, taking the precursor mixed solution and the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles according to a mass ratio, stirring and mixing, and then performing a vacuum degassing treatment to obtain the coating material solution; Coating shaping, after coating the coating material solution on the flat template surface, standing still until the coating material solution is naturally leveled and then vacuum curing, to obtain a magnetic responsive composite coating substrate with the microstructure on the surface; Swelling silicone oil, demolding the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate from the template surface, and then completely immersing the substrate in silicone oil to swell for no less than 18 hours to obtain a coating material.

7. The method for preparing the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The average depth of the micropores on the surface of the template is smaller than the average depth of the micropores on the surface of the magnetic responsive composite coating substrate.

8. A blade, characterized in that: The surface of the blade is coated with the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material as described in any one of claims 3-5.

9. An anti-icing / de-icing method using the magnetically controlled active anti-icing / de-icing coating material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: A magnetic force is applied to the coating material with an ice layer at a magnetic field strength of 5mt-30mt.

10. An anti-icing / de-icing method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: A push rod is arranged on the outer surface of the element provided with the coating material, and while applying the magnetic force, the push rod is actuated to apply a thrust and / or a pull perpendicular to the thickness of the ice layer to the ice layer, wherein the minimum distance between the contact point of the push rod with the ice layer and the outer edge of the ice layer is selected from any value within the range of 0-4 cm.

11. The anti-icing / de-icing method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The magnetic force is applied in an alternating manner.

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