The invention discloses a high-precision precise workpiece detecting-sorting machine. The machine comprises a first stander and a second stander, wherein a loading mechanism is arranged on the first stander; a first metal rotating disc, a second transparent rotating disc, a first conveying mechanism and an electric control unit are arranged on the second stander, the first metal rotating disc and the second transparent rotating disc are respectively driven by power devices, and the first conveying mechanism is used for conveying a workpiece from the loading mechanism to the first rotating disc; a first sensor, a longitudinal surface size detection mechanism, a second conveying mechanism and a first receiving mechanism are circumferentially arranged on the first rotating disc, and the second conveying mechanism is used for conveying the workpiece on the first rotating disc to the second rotating disc; a second sensor, a transverse surface size detection mechanism, an appearance detection mechanism and a second receiving mechanism are circumferentially arranged on the second rotating disc; the electric control unit is used for coordinating and controlling the action of each component. According to the high-precision precise workpiece detecting-sorting machine, the mechanical production line automatic detection is realized, and the first rotating disc can be subjected to surface polishing in a later machining period, so that the longitudinal surface size detection precision is improved, and the detection and sorting efficiencies are further increased; meanwhile, as workpieces with different shapes can be detected, the universality is enhanced.