The invention discloses a method for preparing ammonium tetramolybdate by treating molybdenum-rich wastewater and waste slag, which comprises the following steps: 1. washing a molybdenum roasted product with water, concentrating wastewater, and uniformly mixing with an acid precipitation crystal mother solution in an ammonium molybdate production process, thereby obtaining a mixed solution; 2. adding a molybdenum roasted product into water-washed molybdenum roasted product ammonia leaching waste slag, adding into the mixed solution, regulating the pH value, magnetizing, and stirring to react to obtain a solid-liquid mixed slurry; 3. carrying out solid-liquid separation, and carrying out ammonia leaching on the filter cake; 4. carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain an ammonia leaching solution and ammonia leaching slag; 5. carrying out ammonia leaching on the ammonia leaching slag; and 6. removing impurities from the ammonia leaching solution, purifying, carrying out acid precipitation, and filtering to obtain the solid ammonium tetramolybdate. The molybdenum roasted product-doped molybdenum roasted product ammonia leaching waste slag is added into the wastewater and acid precipitation mother solution, and liquid-phase magnetization is carried out to efficiently utilize the molybdenum resources in the wastewater and waste slag, thereby greatly lowering the treatment cost for molybdenum-containing waste slag and wastewater, being energy-saving and environment-friendly, and effectively enhancing the molybdenum resource utilization ratio in molybdenum roasted product water-washing concentrated wastewater and ammonia leaching waste slag.