A nickel-based aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal materials. When preparing the novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the invention first melts the nickel-based alloy with molybdenum powder and zirconium powder into an alloy block, and then mixes tungsten carbide, silicon dioxide, and lanthanum oxide to prepare a composite nickel-based metal powder; the iron-based alloy powder and yttrium oxide are mixed to prepare a composite iron-based metal powder; the composite iron-based metal powder is clad on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate by a laser cladding process, and the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy is prepared after grinding and cleaning; the composite nickel-based metal powder is then clad on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy by a laser cladding process, and the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is prepared after remelting and grinding and cleaning; the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is deep-cold treated to prepare a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material. The novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention has the advantages of high surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, in particular to a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, non-magneticity and good processing performance, so it is the preferred material for lightweight design. Its annual output is second only to steel, and it is widely used in various fields such as biomedicine, marine engineering and transportation. However, the material of aluminum alloy is relatively soft and does not have high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which limits its application in many mechanical parts that require high surface hardness, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is common for aluminum alloy to be corroded and damaged in various working conditions. If the surface performance of aluminum alloy is not improved, it will not only affect the application prospects of aluminum alloy, but also cause accidents that endanger people's lives and property safety in serious cases.

[0003] Therefore, it is very important to apply appropriate surface modification measures. Traditional thermal spraying, electroplating and other technologies have their own defects, such as low bonding strength and thin protective film. Laser cladding technology is a technology that places the cladding layer material on the cladding substrate by different methods, and then uses a high-energy density laser to heat it, so that the cladding layer material is first melted, and then quickly solidified on the substrate, so that a surface cladding layer is formed on the surface of the substrate material. It uses laser as a heat source to clad a thin layer of target material on the substrate material to improve the impact resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of the raw material. Compared with traditional arc welding and plasma spraying, electroplating, and thermal spraying, laser cladding has many advantages, such as high bonding strength, environmental protection, small heat-affected zone, smaller dilution rate and better surface quality.

[0004] However, due to the large gap in physical properties between aluminum alloy and cladding layer materials, defects such as cracks and pores are prone to occur on the surface of aluminum alloy to prepare a high-hardness cladding layer by laser cladding, making it difficult to obtain a high-quality coating. It is necessary to optimize the process parameters and reasonably select the cladding layer material. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A new type of nickel-based aluminum alloy material, which is prepared by laser cladding composite iron-based metal powder and composite nickel-based metal powder on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate in sequence, and then remelting and cryogenically treating the composite iron-based metal powder and composite nickel-based metal powder;

[0008] The composite iron-based metal powder is prepared by mixing iron-based alloy powder and yttrium oxide;

[0009] The composite nickel-based metal powder is prepared by first smelting a nickel-based alloy with molybdenum powder and zirconium powder into an alloy block, and then mixing tungsten carbide, silicon dioxide and lanthanum oxide.

[0010] As an optimization, the aluminum alloy substrate can be any type of aluminum alloy.

[0011] As an optimization, the iron-based alloy powder is Fe313.

[0012] As an optimization, the nickel-based alloy is Ni45 alloy.

[0013] A method for preparing a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material comprises the following preparation steps:

[0014] (1) By weight, 82-86 parts of nickel-based alloy, 6-8 parts of molybdenum powder, and 8-10 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into an alloy block. 78-82 parts of the alloy block were crushed and added into a ball mill, and then 15-18 parts of tungsten carbide, 3-4 parts of silicon dioxide, and 0.1-0.15 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball-milled at 200-300 r / min for 30-40 min, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum-dried at 50-60°C for 6-8 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder;

[0015] (2) The iron-based alloy powder and yttrium oxide are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:(0.012-0.015), added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 200-300 r / min for 30-40 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 50-60°C for 6-8 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0016] (3) Spreading the composite iron-based metal powder on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm, laser cladding was performed in an argon atmosphere, the surface was polished to be flat with sandpaper, ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 5-8 minutes, and dried at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy;

[0017] (4) Spread the composite nickel-based metal powder on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm, perform laser cladding in an argon atmosphere, let it stand for 30-40 minutes, and then remelt it. The remelting direction is perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. Use sandpaper to polish the surface until it is flat, use anhydrous ethanol to ultrasonically clean it for 5-8 minutes, and dry it at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy;

[0018] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy is suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1 to 1.5 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0019] As an optimization, the aluminum alloy substrate in step (3) is pretreated, and the pretreatment process is to use 60# sandpaper to polish the surface for 20-30 minutes, use anhydrous ethanol to ultrasonically clean for 5-8 minutes, and vacuum dry at 40-50°C for 1-2 hours.

[0020] As an optimization, the process parameters of the laser cladding in step (3) are as follows: laser power 700-800 W, scanning speed 8 mm / s, overlap rate 30%, and defocus 5 mm.

[0021] As an optimization, the process parameters of the laser cladding in step (4) are as follows: laser power 1300-1500 W, scanning speed 7.5 mm / s, overlap rate 20%, and defocus 3 mm.

[0022] As an optimization, the remelting process parameters of step (4) are as follows: laser power 500-600 W, scanning speed 7.5 mm / s, overlap rate 50%, and defocus 5 mm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] When preparing the novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the present invention firstly melts the nickel-based alloy with molybdenum powder and zirconium powder into an alloy block, and then mixes tungsten carbide, silicon dioxide and lanthanum oxide to prepare a composite nickel-based metal powder; iron-based alloy powder and yttrium oxide are mixed to prepare a composite iron-based metal powder; the composite iron-based metal powder is clad on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate by a laser cladding process, and the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy is prepared after grinding and cleaning; the composite nickel-based metal powder is then clad on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy by a laser cladding process, and the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is prepared after remelting treatment and grinding and cleaning; the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is cryogenically treated to prepare a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0025] Firstly, Fe313 iron-based alloy is mixed with yttrium oxide to make composite iron-based metal powder, and the composite iron-based metal powder is used as a transition layer for laser cladding on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate. The surface oxide layer of the pretreated aluminum alloy substrate is removed, and the composite iron-based metal powder is covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by a pre-setting method without the use of a binder to avoid the introduction of impurities. At the same time, the added yttrium oxide rare earth element has the effect of refining the grains. The atomic radius of the rare earth element is larger than that of the aluminum atom. It is easy to fill the surface defects of the aluminum alloy phase and hinder the growth of grains. The rare earth element also has a good degassing effect. The rare earth element can absorb and dissolve a large amount of hydrogen in the aluminum alloy to avoid aggregation to form bubbles and improve the cladding bonding. At the same time, the appropriate linear expansion coefficient of Fe313 enables it to act as a transition layer to better bond the aluminum alloy substrate and the composite nickel-based metal powder layer.

[0026] Secondly, the nickel-based alloy is smelted into an alloy block with molybdenum powder and zirconium powder, and then mixed with tungsten carbide, silicon dioxide and lanthanum oxide to make a composite nickel-based metal powder, and then the composite nickel-based metal powder is laser-clad on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy as a cladding layer. After remelting, the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is obtained. The chromium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten elements in the composite nickel-based metal powder have the function of improving wear resistance and hardness. The chromium and zirconium elements can be dissolved in the face-centered cube of iron and nickel, which can both dissolve and passivate the crystals, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. The excess chromium element can also form chromium carbide and chromium boride hard phases with carbon and boron to improve wear resistance and hardness. The molybdenum and tungsten elements are dissolved in iron and nickel. The addition of tungsten to the matrix distorts the lattice and significantly strengthens the alloy matrix. Excess tungsten can also form a tungsten carbide hard phase with carbon to improve wear resistance. At the same time, the high content of nickel improves the wettability of the alloy, reduces the expansion coefficient of the cladding layer, and reduces the probability of cracks. The addition of silicon cooperates with lanthanum oxide rare earth elements to improve the fluidity of the molten pool, making it easy for the gas generated by overheating to float up and improve the density of the cladding layer. Lanthanum oxide also has the functions of purifying grain boundaries, refining grains, improving grain boundary conditions, and inhibiting the growth of columnar crystals, thereby improving the local performance of the cladding layer surface. The subsequent remelting can further improve the structure of the cladding layer and remove small cracks, bubbles, etc.

[0027] Finally, the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy is cryogenically treated in liquid nitrogen to obtain a new type of nickel-based aluminum alloy material. In order to avoid cracking of the cladding layer during the rapid cooling process, pre-cooling for a period of time is chosen first, and then cryogenic treatment is performed. Similarly, after the deep cooling, in order to avoid heating too quickly, it is placed in rock wool for insulation. Cryogenic treatment can make the hard phase in the cladding layer precipitate to the surface, and make the grains of the cladding layer refined and densified, and can also eliminate residual stress. Cryogenic treatment transfers the kinetic energy of metal atoms in the material, making the atoms inside the material more compact, thereby improving the performance of the metal. After cryogenic treatment, the wear resistance and hardness of the new nickel-based aluminum alloy material are improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The aluminum alloy substrate used in all the following embodiments and comparative examples is 6061 aluminum alloy.

[0030] The aluminum alloy substrates used in all the following examples and comparative examples were pretreated, and the pretreatment process was: polishing the surface with 60# sandpaper for 30 minutes, ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol for 8 minutes, and vacuum drying at 45°C for 1.5 hours. Example

[0031] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0032] (1) 82 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 8 parts of molybdenum powder and 10 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into an alloy block. 78 parts of the alloy block were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 18 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.15 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 200 r / min for 40 minutes, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 50°C for 8 hours to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0033] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.012, added into a ball mill, ball milled at 200 r / min for 40 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 50°C for 8 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0034] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.2 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 700 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 5 min and dried at 50 °C for 2 h to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0035] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1300 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 30 minutes, the laser power was set to 500 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and ultrasonic cleaning was performed with anhydrous ethanol for 5 minutes. Drying was performed at 50 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0036] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1 hour, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material. Example

[0037] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0038] (1) 84 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 7 parts of molybdenum powder and 9 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0039] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0040] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0041] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and anhydrous ethanol was used for ultrasonic cleaning for 6 minutes. It was dried at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0042] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material. Example

[0043] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0044] (1) 86 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 6 parts of molybdenum powder and 8 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into an alloy block. 82 parts of the alloy block were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 15 parts of tungsten carbide, 3 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.1 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 300 r / min for 30 minutes, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0045] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.015, added into a ball mill, ball milled at 300 r / min for 30 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 6-8 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0046] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.3 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 800 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 8 minutes and dried at 60 °C for 1 hour to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0047] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.6 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1500 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 40 minutes, the laser power was set to 600 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and anhydrous ethanol was used for ultrasonic cleaning for 8 minutes. Drying at 60 ° C for 1 hour, the nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy was obtained;

[0048] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.5 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0051] (1) 84 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 7 parts of molybdenum powder and 9 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0052] (2) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and ultrasonic cleaning was performed with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes. Drying was performed at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0053] (3) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0056] (1) 90 parts of Ni45 alloy powder and 10 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide, and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 minutes, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 hours to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0057] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0058] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0059] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and anhydrous ethanol was used for ultrasonic cleaning for 6 minutes. It was dried at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0060] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0063] (1) 93 parts of Ni45 alloy powder and 7 parts of molybdenum powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide, and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 minutes, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 hours to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0064] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0065] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0066] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and anhydrous ethanol was used for ultrasonic cleaning for 6 minutes. It was dried at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0067] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0070] (1) 84 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 7 parts of molybdenum powder and 9 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into an alloy block. 96 parts of the alloy block were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0071] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0072] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0073] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed. The remelting direction was perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and anhydrous ethanol was used for ultrasonic cleaning for 6 minutes. It was dried at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0074] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0075] Comparative Example 5

[0076] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0077] (1) 84 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 7 parts of molybdenum powder and 9 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0078] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0079] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0080] (4) Spread the composite nickel-based metal powder on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, set the laser power to 1400 W, the scanning speed to 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate to 20%, and the defocus amount to 3 mm for laser cladding. Use sandpaper to polish the surface until it is flat, use anhydrous ethanol to ultrasonically clean it for 6 minutes, and dry it at 55 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy.

[0081] (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy was suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1.2 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0082] Comparative Example 6

[0083] A method for preparing a novel nickel-based aluminum alloy material, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0084] (1) 84 parts of Ni45 alloy powder, 7 parts of molybdenum powder and 9 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into alloy blocks. 80 parts of the alloy blocks were crushed and added into a ball mill. Then, 16 parts of tungsten carbide, 4 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.12 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55°C for 7 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder.

[0085] (2) Fe313 alloy powder and yttrium oxide were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:0.014, added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 250 r / min for 35 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200 mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 55 ° C for 7 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder;

[0086] (3) The composite iron-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 750 W, the scanning speed was 8 mm / s, the overlap rate was 30%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Laser cladding was performed, and the surface was polished to a flat surface with sandpaper. The surface was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes and dried at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy.

[0087] (4) The composite nickel-based metal powder was spread on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.55 mm. In an argon atmosphere, the laser power was set to 1400 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 20%, and the defocus amount was 3 mm. Laser cladding was performed. After standing for 35 minutes, the laser power was set to 550 W, the scanning speed was 7.5 mm / s, the overlap rate was 50%, and the defocus amount was 5 mm. Remelting was performed in the direction of remelting perpendicular to the direction of laser cladding. The surface was polished with sandpaper until it was flat, and ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 6 minutes. Dry at 55 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain a new nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

[0088] Test Example 1

[0089] Mechanical properties test: The bending strength of the prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material is tested to evaluate its mechanical properties. The specific test method is to use a universal testing machine to perform a three-point bending test. The prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material is cut and polished into 40mm×4mm×2mm specimens with a thickness of 2mm and a cladding layer thickness of about 0.6mm. During the test, the side with the cladding layer is placed downward. Five specimens are measured in each group and the average value is taken.

[0090] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092] Bending strength / MPa Bending strength / MPa Example 1 352.16 Comparative Example 1 285.32 Example 2 346.29 Comparative Example 2 328.44 Example 3 341.67 Comparative Example 3 332.83 Comparative Example 4 323.26 Comparative Example 5 316.58 Comparative Example 6 319.95

[0093] From the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 in Table 1, it can be found that the new nickel-based aluminum alloy material prepared in the present invention has higher bending strength.

[0094] By comparison, the flexural strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that coating a layer of composite iron-based metal powder as a transition layer before coating the composite nickel-based metal powder effectively improves the bonding of the nickel-based metal powder coating layer and greatly improves the flexural strength.

[0095] By comparison, the flexural strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the addition of molybdenum element into the composite nickel-based metal powder effectively strengthens the strength of the cladding layer, thereby improving the flexural strength.

[0096] By comparison, the flexural strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 3, indicating that adding zirconium element to the composite nickel-based metal powder can passivate the nickel crystals and improve the flexural strength thereof.

[0097] By comparison, the bending strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 4, indicating that after the addition of tungsten carbide, the tungsten element is dissolved in the nickel matrix, causing the lattice to be distorted, strengthening the cladding layer, and improving the bending strength.

[0098] By comparison, the flexural strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 5, indicating that the remelting process eliminates microcracks and tiny bubbles, and the more complete and dense crystalline structure effectively improves the flexural strength.

[0099] By comparison, the flexural strength of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 6, indicating that the cryogenic process can refine and densify the grains of the cladding layer and eliminate participating stresses, thereby improving its flexural strength.

[0100] Test Example 2

[0101] Wear resistance test: The Vickers hardness and wear resistance of the prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material are tested to evaluate its wear resistance. The specific test method is as follows:

[0102] Hardness test: The prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material was ground and polished, and the micro-Vickers hardness of the cladding layer was measured using an FM-300 micro-Vickers hardness tester. The measuring load was 0.2 kg, the holding time was 10 s, and three positions were randomly selected for measurement. After the measurement, the measuring surface was ground and polished, and the same position as the previous measurement was measured again. Each position was measured three times, and the average value of all the data was taken.

[0103] Wear resistance test: MPX-2000 disc pin friction and wear testing machine was used for testing. The prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material was cut into cylindrical pin specimens with a diameter of 30 mm. 45 hardened steel was used as the grinding abrasive with a hardness of 55.5 HRC. The grinding speed was 200 r / min and the contact load was 5 kg. The wear resistance of the cladding layer was calibrated by measuring the mass loss of the cylindrical pin specimen. The total wear time was 30 min.

[0104] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0105] Table 2

[0106] Micro Vickers hardness / HV Friction mass loss / mg Example 1 1345.7 7.38 Example 2 1328.6 8.16 Example 3 1339.4 7.62 Comparative Example 1 1317.9 29.43 Comparative Example 2 1159.4 12.49 Comparative Example 3 1218.6 11.88 Comparative Example 4 947.8 16.92 Comparative Example 5 1056.2 13.59 Comparative Example 6 1126.3 12.94

[0107] From the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 in Table 2, it can be found that the new nickel-based aluminum alloy material prepared in the present invention has higher hardness and good wear resistance.

[0108] By comparison, the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the cladding composite iron-based metal powder as a transition layer effectively improves the bonding of the nickel-based cladding layer and improves the wear resistance.

[0109] By comparison, the micro-Vickers hardness of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 2, and the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the doping of molybdenum element can be dissolved in the nickel matrix, causing the lattice to distort and strengthen the nickel matrix, thereby improving the surface hardness and wear resistance.

[0110] By comparison, the micro-Vickers hardness of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 3, and the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 3, indicating that the zirconium element can be dissolved in the face-centered cube of nickel to passivate the crystal to improve its surface hardness and wear resistance.

[0111] By comparison, the micro-Vickers hardness of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 4, and the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 4, indicating that tungsten carbide has good surface hardness and wear resistance due to its own hard phase.

[0112] By comparison, the micro-Vickers hardness of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 5, and the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 5, indicating that the remelting treatment eliminates surface microcracks and bubbles, improves the density, and thus improves the surface hardness and wear resistance.

[0113] By comparison, the micro-Vickers hardness of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 6, and the friction mass loss of Examples 1 to 3 is less than that of Comparative Example 6, indicating that cryogenic treatment can refine and densify the grains, and the kinetic energy of the metal atoms in the material is transferred to make the atoms inside the material more tightly combined, thereby improving the surface hardness and wear resistance.

[0114] Test Example 3

[0115] Corrosion resistance test: The corrosion resistance of the prepared new nickel-based aluminum alloy material is tested by salt spray corrosion experiment. The test process refers to GB 5938-1986 "Corrosion resistance test method for metal coatings and chemical treatment layers of light industrial products - Neutral salt spray test (NSS) method". The test time is 72h, and the test results are rated according to GB 5944-1986.

[0116] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0117] Table 3

[0118] Corrosion resistance grade Corrosion resistance grade Example 1 8 Comparative Example 1 3 Example 2 9 Comparative Example 2 8 Example 3 8 Comparative Example 3 5 Comparative Example 4 8 Comparative Example 5 4 Comparative Example 6 4

[0119] From the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 in Table 3, it can be found that the new nickel-based aluminum alloy material prepared in the present invention has good corrosion resistance.

[0120] By comparison, the corrosion resistance level of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that cladding the composite iron-based metal powder as a transition layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy effectively improves the bonding of the composite nickel-based metal powder, reduces the generation of microcracks and bubbles, and the tightly bonded cladding layer has good corrosion resistance.

[0121] By comparison, the corrosion resistance levels of Examples 1 to 3 are greater than that of Comparative Example 3, indicating that the doping of zirconium element is solid-dissolved in the face-centered cubic structure of nickel element, which has a passivating effect on the crystal, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer.

[0122] By comparison, the corrosion resistance levels of Examples 1 to 3 are greater than that of Comparative Example 5, indicating that remelting eliminates microcracks and bubbles, makes the cladding layer denser, reduces the starting corrosion points, and effectively improves the corrosion resistance.

[0123] By comparison, the corrosion resistance level of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than that of Comparative Example 6, indicating that the cryogenic treatment refines and densifies the grains of the cladding layer and makes the atoms inside the material more tightly bonded, effectively improving the resistance of the cladding layer to salt spray corrosion and improving the corrosion resistance.

[0124] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: (1) By weight, 82-86 parts of nickel-based alloy, 6-8 parts of molybdenum powder, and 8-10 parts of zirconium powder were weighed and mixed evenly, and then added into a vacuum arc furnace to melt into an alloy block. 78-82 parts of the alloy block were crushed and added into a ball mill, and then 15-18 parts of tungsten carbide, 3-4 parts of silicon dioxide, and 0.1-0.15 parts of lanthanum oxide were added. Under hydrogen protection, the mixture was ball-milled at 200-300 r / min for 30-40 min, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum-dried at 50-60°C for 6-8 h to obtain a composite nickel-based metal powder; (2) The iron-based alloy powder and yttrium oxide are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:(0.012-0.015), added into a ball mill, and ball milled at 200-300 r / min for 30-40 min under hydrogen protection, passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and vacuum dried at 50-60°C for 6-8 h to obtain a composite iron-based metal powder; (3) Spreading the composite iron-based metal powder on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm, laser cladding was performed in an argon atmosphere, the surface was polished to be flat with sandpaper, ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 5-8 minutes, and dried at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours to obtain an iron-based clad aluminum alloy; (4) Spread the composite nickel-based metal powder on the surface of the iron-based cladding aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm, perform laser cladding in an argon atmosphere, let it stand for 30-40 minutes, and then remelt it. The remelting direction is perpendicular to the laser cladding direction. Use sandpaper to polish the surface until it is flat, use anhydrous ethanol to ultrasonically clean it for 5-8 minutes, and dry it at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours to obtain a nickel-based cladding aluminum alloy; (5) The nickel-based clad aluminum alloy is suspended above the surface of liquid nitrogen for pre-cooling for 1 to 1.5 hours, then immersed in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling for 2 hours, taken out and placed in rock wool to return to room temperature, thereby obtaining a nickel-based aluminum alloy material.

2. The method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy substrate in step (3) is pretreated, and the pretreatment process includes grinding the surface with 60# sandpaper for 20-30 minutes, ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol for 5-8 minutes, and vacuum drying at 40-50°C for 1-2 hours.

3. The method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the laser cladding in step (3) are as follows: laser power 700-800 W, scanning speed 8 mm / s, overlap rate 30%, and defocusing amount 5 mm.

4. The method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the laser cladding in step (4) are as follows: laser power 1300-1500 W, scanning speed 7.5 mm / s, overlap rate 20%, and defocusing amount 3 mm.

5. The method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the remelting in step (4) are as follows: laser power 500-600 W, scanning speed 7.5 mm / s, overlap rate 50%, and defocusing amount 5 mm.

6. A nickel-based aluminum alloy material prepared according to the method for preparing a nickel-based aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.