Hydrogen storage and supply system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen storage and supply system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and supply.In the hydrogen production and utilization engineering of wind-solar coupling, in order to fully utilize the buffering capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, the pressure fluctuation range of the hydrogen storage tank is usually designed to be wide, and the lower limit of the hydrogen storage pressure is designed to be low, which brings the problems of low design inlet pressure of the downstream compressor set of the hydrogen storage tank and large compression power consumption.The application can simultaneously realize the effects of fully utilizing the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and reducing the compression power consumption of the compressor set by designing multiple decompression pressure grades and multiple hydrogen supply lines which can be switched along with the pressure change of the hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage and supply technology, and more specifically, to a hydrogen storage and supply system and its control method that can adapt to a wide range of pressure fluctuations. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy has attracted great attention due to its potential applications on the load side, such as decarbonization in heavy industry and heavy-duty transportation, its role in power generation, its ability to facilitate the large-scale consumption of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, and its role on the grid side, where it can provide auxiliary power services like peak shaving and frequency regulation through the mutual conversion of electricity and hydrogen to improve grid stability. Among these developments, large-scale projects that couple hydrogen production and utilization with wind and solar power generation are currently the main form of hydrogen energy demonstration projects on the power generation side, and are expected to be the main way to produce green hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives in the future.

[0003] In large-scale wind and solar power generation coupled with hydrogen production and utilization projects, hydrogen storage tanks are an essential and crucial component. They are key to mitigating the volatility of wind and solar power generation, addressing its intermittency and randomness, and providing downstream applications with a relatively stable hydrogen supply that matches the hydrogen load regulation capability. Considering the technological maturity and the fact that large-scale wind and solar power generation coupled with hydrogen production and utilization projects are often located in sparsely populated desert and Gobi regions, existing such projects typically employ gaseous hydrogen storage tank designs.

[0004] To fully utilize the capacity of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank, the minimum design pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank needs to be as low as possible, and the pressure fluctuation range during system operation should be as large as possible. Since downstream hydrogen loads typically require a stable hydrogen supply pressure, centrifugal compressor units commonly used in high-flow-rate hydrogen supply scenarios are limited by their operating characteristics and need to maintain a stable inlet pressure. Therefore, the inlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor unit needs to be lower than the minimum pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank, resulting in a high pressure boost ratio and high power consumption for the centrifugal compressor unit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a hydrogen storage and supply system and its control method that can adapt to a wide range of pressure fluctuations. By designing multiple pressure reduction levels and multiple hydrogen supply lines that can be switched according to the pressure changes of the hydrogen storage tank, the system can simultaneously achieve the effect of fully utilizing the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and reducing the compression power consumption of the compressor unit.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations, the system comprising a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen supply line, a compression subsystem, and a reflux line;

[0008] Multiple hydrogen storage tanks are connected to the compression subsystem via the hydrogen supply line. The multiple compression subsystems are connected in series to form a multi-stage compression system. The multiple hydrogen storage tanks are connected to the first-stage compression subsystem via the hydrogen supply line. The last-stage compression subsystem returns hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tanks via the return line.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, each of the hydrogen supply lines includes a switching valve, a first regulating valve, and a first check valve arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction; wherein, the first regulating valve is connected to a first pressure monitoring and control alarm device, which uses the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem as the control target to maintain the stability of the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem under the circumstances of pressure fluctuations in the hydrogen storage tank and fluctuations in the outlet hydrogen flow rate.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, each compression subsystem includes an inlet buffer tank, a centrifugal compressor, an outlet buffer tank, a cooler, an outlet check valve, a reflux regulating valve, and a reflux check valve arranged sequentially. In each compression subsystem, a second pressure monitoring and control alarm device is connected to the reflux regulating valve. The reflux regulating valve in the last stage compression subsystem uses the outlet pressure of the outlet buffer tank as the control target, while the reflux regulating valves in the remaining stages of the compression subsystem use the inlet pressure of the next stage compression subsystem as the control target. Under the condition of fluctuation in the inlet hydrogen flow rate of each stage compression subsystem, the inlet pressure of the second stage to the last stage compression subsystem and the outlet pressure of the last stage compression subsystem are stabilized.

[0011] In an optional implementation, each centrifugal compressor in the compression subsystem operates on a separate shaft, so that the centrifugal compressor in each compression subsystem can be started and stopped independently.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the return line includes a second check valve, a second regulating valve, and a third check valve arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction; wherein, the second regulating valve is connected to a third pressure monitoring and control alarm device, and takes the system outlet pressure as the control target to maintain the stability of the system outlet pressure when the system outlet flow fluctuates.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a control method for a hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations. This control method is applied to the system described in the foregoing embodiments, where the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is higher than (P... N In the case of +A)MPa, where P N The method includes: where A is the rated inlet pressure of the final stage (Nth stage) compression subsystem, and A is a setpoint considering pressure loss during system pressure drop.

[0014] S1: The switch valves on the hydrogen supply lines from the hydrogen storage tank to the first to (N-1)th stage compression subsystems are all closed, the switch valves on the hydrogen supply lines from the hydrogen storage tank to the Nth stage compression subsystem are open, the centrifugal compressors in the first to (N-1)th stage compression subsystems are all in a shutdown standby state, and the centrifugal compressor in the Nth stage compression subsystem is in a running state.

[0015] S2: When the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank drops below (P N When the pressure is +A)MPa, open the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem.

[0016] S3: After S2 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor in the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem;

[0017] S4: After S3 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the Nth stage compression subsystem.

[0018] S5: Similarly, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank drops below (P2+A) MPa, open the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the first-stage compression subsystem.

[0019] S6: After S5 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor in the first-stage compression subsystem;

[0020] S7: After S6 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the second-stage compression subsystem.

[0021] In an optional implementation, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank rises above (P2+B) MPa, where B is a set value that takes into account the pressure loss during the system pressure rise process, and B > A, the method includes the following steps:

[0022] S8: Open the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the second-stage compression subsystem;

[0023] S9: After S8 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the first-stage compression subsystem.

[0024] S10: After S9 is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor in the first-level compression subsystem to the shutdown hot standby state;

[0025] S11: And so on, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank rises above (P... N When the pressure reaches +B)MPa, open the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the Nth stage compression subsystem.

[0026] S12: After S11 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve on the hydrogen supply line from the hydrogen storage tank to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem.

[0027] S13: After S12 is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor in the (N-1)th level compression subsystem to the shutdown hot standby state.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the hydrogen storage and supply system and its control method adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations provided in this invention include:

[0029] 1. By designing multiple pressure reduction levels and multiple hydrogen supply lines that can switch according to the pressure changes in the gaseous hydrogen storage tank area, it is possible to shut down some compressors when the hydrogen storage tank is at a high pressure level. This ensures that the hydrogen storage tank can reach the lowest possible pressure and maximizes the utilization of the hydrogen storage tank area's capacity, while minimizing the ratio of pressure reduction and pressure increase. This allows for minimizing compression power consumption within a wide range of pressure fluctuations in the gaseous hydrogen storage tank area.

[0030] 2. The hydrogen storage and supply system adapted to a wide range of pressure fluctuations provided by the embodiments of the present invention requires fewer additional devices compared to existing designs, thus significantly increasing the economic efficiency of the entire system operation with minimal increase in fixed investment. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen storage and supply system (including an N-stage compression system) adapted to a wide range of pressure fluctuations provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen storage and supply system (including a 3-stage compression system) that adapts to a wide range of pressure fluctuations, as provided by the present invention.

[0034] Icons: 1-Hydrogen storage tank; 2-Manual valve; 3-Hydrogen supply line; 31-On / off valve; 32-First regulating valve; 33-First check valve; 4-Compression subsystem; 41-Inlet buffer tank; 42-Centrifugal compressor; 43-Outlet buffer tank; 44-Cooler; 45-Outlet check valve; 46-Recirculation regulating valve; 47-Recirculation check valve; 5-Recirculation line; 51-Second check valve; 52-Second regulating valve; 53-Third check valve; 6-First pressure monitoring and control alarm device; 7-Second pressure monitoring and control alarm device; 8-Third pressure monitoring and control alarm device. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a hydrogen storage and supply system (hereinafter referred to as the "system") that can adapt to a wide range of pressure fluctuations. The system includes: a hydrogen storage tank 1, a hydrogen supply line 3, a compression subsystem 4, and a return line 5.

[0042] Multiple hydrogen storage tanks 1 are connected to a compression subsystem 4 via hydrogen supply lines 3. These compression subsystems 4 are connected in series to form a multi-stage compression system. Figure 1The leftmost compression subsystem 4 is the first stage, and the rightmost compression subsystem 4 is the last stage. Multiple hydrogen storage tanks 1 are connected to the first-stage compression subsystem 4 through a hydrogen supply line 3, meaning that the hydrogen supply line 3 corresponds one-to-one with the compression subsystem 4. The last-stage compression subsystem 4 returns hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tanks 1 through a return line 5.

[0043] Specifically, a manual valve 2 is also installed between the hydrogen storage tank 1 and the hydrogen supply line 3. Each hydrogen supply line 3 includes a switch valve 31, a first regulating valve 32, and a first check valve 33 arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction. A first pressure monitoring and control alarm device 6 is connected to the first regulating valve 32. This first pressure monitoring and control alarm device 6 uses the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem 4 as the control target to maintain the stability of the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem 4 under the condition of pressure fluctuations in the hydrogen storage tank 1 and fluctuations in the outlet hydrogen flow rate.

[0044] Each compression subsystem 4 includes, in sequence, an inlet buffer tank 41, a centrifugal compressor 42, an outlet buffer tank 43, a cooler 44, an outlet check valve 45, a reflux regulating valve 46, and a reflux check valve 47. In each compression subsystem 4, a second pressure monitoring and control alarm device 7 is connected to the reflux regulating valve 46. The reflux regulating valve 46 in the last stage compression subsystem 4 uses the outlet pressure of the outlet buffer tank 43 as its control target, while the reflux regulating valves 46 in the other stages of compression subsystem 4 use the inlet pressure of the next stage compression subsystem 4 as their control target. This ensures the stability of the inlet pressure of the second to last stage compression subsystem 4 and the outlet pressure of the last stage compression subsystem 4, even under fluctuations in the inlet hydrogen flow rate of each stage compression subsystem 4.

[0045] Each centrifugal compressor 42 in each stage of the compression subsystem 4 operates on a separate shaft, so that the centrifugal compressor 42 in each stage of the compression subsystem 4 can be started and stopped independently.

[0046] The return line 5 includes a second check valve 51, a second regulating valve 52, and a third check valve 53 arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction. The second regulating valve 52 is connected to the third pressure monitoring and control alarm device 8, and uses the system outlet pressure as the control target to maintain the stability of the system outlet pressure under fluctuating system outlet flow.

[0047] This embodiment also provides a control method for the above system (hereinafter referred to as: the method), wherein the initial state is that the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 is higher than (P). N Taking +A)MPa as an example, where N is the total number of stages in the compression subsystem 4, P N The rated inlet pressure of the final stage (Nth stage) compression subsystem 4 is given by A, which is a setpoint considering pressure loss during system pressure drop, and can be 0.2. The method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: The switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the hydrogen supply line 3 from the first stage to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem 4 is closed, the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the Nth stage compression subsystem 4 is open, the centrifugal compressors 42 in the first stage to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem 4 are all in a shutdown hot standby state, and the centrifugal compressor 42 in the Nth stage compression subsystem 4 is in a running state.

[0049] S2: When the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 drops below (P N When the pressure is +A)MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the (N-1) stage compression subsystem 4.

[0050] S3: After S2 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor 42 in the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem 4.

[0051] S4: After S3 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the Nth stage compression subsystem 4.

[0052] S5: Similarly, when the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 drops below (P2+A) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the first-stage compression subsystem 4.

[0053] Where P2 is the rated inlet pressure of the second-stage compression subsystem 4. The sequential operation in S5 refers to changing the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 from (P...) according to the operations of S2 to S4. N +A)MPa decreased sequentially to (P) N-1 +A)MPa、(P N-2 +A)MPa,..., (P2+A)MPa.

[0054] S6: After S5 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor 42 in the first-stage compression subsystem 4.

[0055] S7: After S6 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4. In this way, the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 is reduced and brought back to a more stable state, which can simultaneously achieve the effect of making full use of the capacity of hydrogen storage tank 1 and reducing the compression power consumption of the compressor unit.

[0056] When the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 rises above (P2+B) MPa, where B is a setpoint considering pressure loss during the system pressure rise process, B > A, and can be 0.3, since the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 may exceed (P2+B) MPa. i +A) The level of MPa fluctuates frequently, P iThe rated inlet pressure of the i-th stage compression subsystem 4 is given by i = 2 to N. In this embodiment, setting B > A can prevent the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 from rising to (P). i +A)MPa triggers the switching of hydrogen supply line 3. Reducing the switching frequency of hydrogen supply line 3 and lowering the requirements for system line switching performance is achieved through the following steps:

[0057] S8: Open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4.

[0058] S9: After S8 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the first-stage compression subsystem 4.

[0059] S10: After S9 is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor 42 in the first-level compression subsystem 4 to the shutdown hot standby state.

[0060] S11: Similarly, when the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 rises above (P... N When the pressure reaches (P2+B) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the Nth stage compression subsystem 4. The sequential operation in S11 refers to following the operations in S8 to S10, increasing the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 sequentially from (P2+B) MPa to (P3+B) MPa, ..., (P...B) MPa. N-1 +B)MPa、(P N +B)MPa.

[0061] S12: After S11 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from the hydrogen storage tank 1 to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem 4.

[0062] S13: After S12 is completed and the system stabilizes, switch the centrifugal compressor 42 in the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem 4 to a shutdown hot standby state. In this way, the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 can be increased and brought back to a more stable state, which can simultaneously achieve the effect of making full use of the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 1 and reducing the compression power consumption of the compressor unit.

[0063] Example

[0064] Please refer to Figure 2Taking the initial state where the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 is higher than the inlet pressure (P3+0.2) MPa of the third-stage (last stage) compression subsystem 4 as an example, the method includes the following steps: the switch valves 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the first-stage to second-stage compression subsystem 4 are all in the closed state, the switch valves 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the third-stage compression subsystem 4 are in the open state, the centrifugal compressors 42 in the first-stage to second-stage compression subsystem 4 are all in the shutdown hot standby state, and the centrifugal compressors 42 in the third-stage compression subsystem 4 are in the running state. When the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 drops below (P3+0.2) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor 42 in the second-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the third-stage compression subsystem 4. And so on. When the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 drops below (P2+0.2) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the first-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor 42 in the first-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4.

[0065] When the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 rises above (P2+0.3) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the first-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor 42 in the first-stage compression subsystem 4 to the shutdown hot standby state. Similarly, when the outlet pressure of hydrogen storage tank 1 rises above (P3+0.3) MPa, open the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the third-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve 31 on the hydrogen supply line 3 from hydrogen storage tank 1 to the second-stage compression subsystem 4. After the previous step is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor 42 in the second-stage compression subsystem 4 to the shutdown hot standby state.

[0066] The beneficial effects of the hydrogen storage and supply system and its control method adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations provided in this invention include:

[0067] 1. By designing multiple pressure reduction levels and multiple hydrogen supply lines 3 that can switch according to the pressure changes in the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 1 area, it is possible to shut down some compressors when the hydrogen storage tank 1 is at a high pressure level. This ensures that the hydrogen storage tank 1 can reach the lowest possible pressure and maximize the utilization of the hydrogen storage tank 1 area capacity, while minimizing the ratio of pressure reduction and pressure increase. This allows for minimizing compression power consumption within a wide range of pressure fluctuations in the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 1 area.

[0068] 2. The hydrogen storage and supply system adapted to a wide range of pressure fluctuations provided by the embodiments of the present invention requires fewer additional devices compared to existing designs, thus significantly increasing the economic efficiency of the entire system operation with minimal increase in fixed investment.

[0069] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations, characterized in that, The system includes a hydrogen storage tank (1), a hydrogen supply line (3), a compression subsystem (4), and a return line (5). Multiple hydrogen storage tanks (1) are connected to the compression subsystem (4) via the hydrogen supply line (3). Multiple compression subsystems (4) are connected in series to form a multi-stage compression system. Multiple hydrogen storage tanks (1) are connected to the first-stage compression subsystem (4) via the hydrogen supply line (3). The last-stage compression subsystem (4) returns hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tanks (1) via the return line (5). Each of the hydrogen supply lines (3) includes a switch valve (31), a first regulating valve (32) and a first check valve (33) arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction; wherein, the first regulating valve (32) is connected to a first pressure monitoring and control alarm device (6), which takes the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem (4) as the control target, and realizes the stability of the inlet pressure of the compression subsystem (4) under the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen storage tank (1) and the fluctuation of the outlet hydrogen flow rate; Each compression subsystem (4) includes an inlet buffer tank (41), a centrifugal compressor (42), an outlet buffer tank (43), a cooler (44), an outlet check valve (45), a reflux regulating valve (46), and a reflux check valve (47) arranged sequentially. In each compression subsystem (4), a second pressure monitoring and control alarm device (7) is connected to the reflux regulating valve (46). The reflux regulating valve (46) in the last stage of the compression subsystem (4) takes the outlet pressure of the outlet buffer tank (43) as the control target, and the reflux regulating valve (46) in the other stages of the compression subsystem (4) takes the inlet pressure of the next stage of the compression subsystem (4) as the control target. Under the condition of fluctuation of the inlet hydrogen flow rate of each stage of the compression subsystem (4), the inlet pressure of the second stage to the last stage of the compression subsystem (4) and the outlet pressure of the last stage of the compression subsystem (4) are stabilized.

2. The hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each centrifugal compressor (42) in each stage of the compression subsystem (4) operates on a separate shaft, so that the centrifugal compressor (42) in each stage of the compression subsystem (4) can be started and stopped independently.

3. The hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The return line (5) includes a second check valve (51), a second regulating valve (52) and a third check valve (53) arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction; wherein, the second regulating valve (52) is connected to the third pressure monitoring and control alarm device (8), and takes the system outlet pressure as the control target, so as to maintain the stability of the system outlet pressure when the system outlet flow fluctuates.

4. A control method for a hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations, characterized in that, The control method is applied to the system of claim 1, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is higher than (P). N In the case of +A)MPa, where P N The method includes: where A is the rated inlet pressure of the Nth stage compression subsystem (4), and A is a set value considering pressure loss during system pressure drop. S1: The switch valves (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the first to (N-1)th stage compression subsystem (4) are all closed, the switch valves (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the Nth stage compression subsystem (4) are open, the centrifugal compressors (42) in the first to (N-1)th stage compression subsystem (4) are all in a shutdown hot standby state, and the centrifugal compressors (42) in the Nth stage compression subsystem (4) are in a running state; S2: When the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (1) drops below (P) N When the pressure is +A)MPa, open the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem (4). S3: After S2 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor (42) in the (N-1)th level compression subsystem (4). S4: After S3 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the Nth stage compression subsystem (4). S5: Similarly, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (1) drops below (P2+A)MPa, open the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the first-stage compression subsystem (4), where P2 is the rated inlet pressure of the second-stage compression subsystem (4). S6: After S5 is completed and the system is stable, start the centrifugal compressor (42) in the first-level compression subsystem (4). S7: After S6 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the second-stage compression subsystem (4).

5. The control method for a hydrogen storage and supply system adaptable to a wide range of pressure fluctuations according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (1) rises to a value higher than (P2+B) MPa, where B is a set value that takes into account the pressure loss during the system pressure rise process, and B>A, the method includes the following steps: S8: Open the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the second-stage compression subsystem (4); S9: After S8 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the first-stage compression subsystem (4). S10: After S9 is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor (42) in the first-level compression subsystem (4) to the shutdown hot standby state; S11: Similarly, when the outlet pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (1) rises above (P N When the pressure is +B)MPa, open the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the Nth stage compression subsystem (4). S12: After S11 is completed and the system is stable, close the switch valve (31) on the hydrogen supply line (3) from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to the (N-1)th stage compression subsystem (4). S13: After S12 is completed and the system is stable, switch the centrifugal compressor (42) in the (N-1) level compression subsystem (4) to the shutdown hot standby state.

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