Small automatic corn fertilizer applicator

Abstract

The small-sized automatic corn fertilizer applicator comprises a vehicle head, a vehicle body, a fertilizer suction device, a ditching device and a soil covering device, and a conveying device, a crushing and separating device and a fertilizer distributing device are arranged in the vehicle body; a spiral conveying channel is arranged in the fertilizer suction device, and a feeding hole and a discharging hole of the conveying device are respectively communicated with a discharging hole of the fertilizer suction device and a feeding hole of the crushing and separating device; the crushing and separating device comprises a plurality of layers of crushing areas, each crushing area is provided with a filter screen, and the structures of the filter screens in all the areas are different; the fertilizer distributing device is arranged at the bottom of the smashing and separating device, a discharging port of the fertilizer distributing device extends out of the vehicle body, and a control switch used for controlling discharging is arranged on the fertilizer distributing device. According to the structure, the functions of fertilizer filling, conveying, smashing, filtering and separating, precise fertilization, ditching and soil covering and land leveling in the corn fertilization process can be achieved, operation is easy, labor is saved, and the corn fertilization device is suitable for fertilization in all stages of corn growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a small automatic corn fertilizer applicator. Background Art

[0002] Corn is a high-yield crop that needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients from the soil, among which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most needed, followed by trace elements such as sulfur, magnesium, boron, zinc and manganese. Spring corn and summer and autumn corn that can be cultivated before sowing should be given basal fertilizer as much as possible. Fertilizer supply is indispensable during the entire growth process of corn, and the demand for fertilizer is different in different growth stages. It can be seen that corn fertilization is relatively frequent during the entire growth period.

[0003] At present, most areas of corn fertilization use more traditional technical means. Although there are some large-scale mechanical equipment now, they cannot be promoted in most areas to meet the needs of most small-scale farmers. In addition, corn needs to be fertilized many times during its growth stage. As the seedlings grow, large-scale machinery is even less suitable for field operations. In most rural areas of my country, compared with manual fertilization, hand-pushed machinery is more commonly used for fertilization. Although it is a machine, it must be pushed manually. Even for harder soil, at least two people are required, which is also time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0004] Therefore, a fertilizer application device which is time-saving, labor-saving, simple to operate and can be automated is needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small automatic corn fertilizer applicator, which is suitable for fertilizing at all stages of corn growth. It does not require a large amount of manpower to complete the entire process of loading fertilizer, conveying, crushing, filtering and separating, precise fertilization, trenching and covering soil, and leveling the land. It is simple to operate, saves time and effort, and realizes automated and precise fertilization.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator, comprising a solar panel, a battery, a vehicle head, a vehicle body, a fertilizer suction device, a trenching device and a soil covering device, wherein a sensor for detecting soil fertility is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body, and a conveying device, a crushing and separating device and a fertilizer diversion device are provided in the vehicle body; a spiral conveying path for conveying materials is provided in the fertilizer suction device, and a feed port and a discharge port of the conveying device are respectively connected with the discharge port of the fertilizer suction device and the feed port of the crushing and separating device through an inclined feed port joint pipe, so that solid fertilizer is conveyed from the discharge port to the next device under the action of gravity; The crushing and separation device includes multiple layers of crushing areas, each of which is provided with a filter screen and the filter screen structures of each area are different; the fertilizer diverter device is arranged at the bottom of the crushing and separation device, the discharge port of the fertilizer diverter device extends out of the vehicle body, and a control switch for controlling feeding and discharging is provided on the fertilizer diverter device, and the control switch is electrically connected to the sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, a three-head plate is arranged inside the conveying device, and the outer edge of the three-head plate fits the inner diameter of the side wall of the conveying device to ensure that all the fertilizers can be transported to the crushing device, which mainly has a pushing effect, and the rotation can play a certain large-piece crushing role.

[0008] Furthermore, the fertilizer diversion device includes a fertilizer delivery pipe connected to the bottom discharge port of the crushing and separation device, and two diversion branches connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe and symmetrically arranged on the left and right. An outer arc-shaped diversion block is provided at the connection between the fertilizer delivery pipe and the diversion branch pipes, and the control switch is arranged on the fertilizer delivery pipe and the two diversion branch pipes.

[0009] Furthermore, the furrowing device includes a plow disposed below the vehicle body and a gear-type blade disposed in front of the plow.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil covering device includes a soil covering bent plate, a mudguard and a compacting roller arranged behind the mudguard, a fixed shaft is arranged in the mudguard, and the soil covering bent plate is fixed to the mudguard through the fixed shaft and can rotate along the shaft by a certain angle.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The corn fertilizer applicator proposed by the present invention has an overall structure suitable for fertilizing corn at various stages of growth. The overall fertilization process does not require a large amount of manpower, and the entire process from fertilizer loading, transportation, crushing, filtering and separation, precise fertilization, trenching and covering, and land leveling can be completed in one go, thereby realizing automated precise fertilization. The fertilizer suction device uses spiral conveying inside, and the connecting part with the machine body has a certain inclination angle, which can automatically inject fertilizer into the fertilizer conveying device inside the machine under the action of gravity, without manual labor; The crushing and separation device includes primary crushing, intermediate crushing, secondary crushing and collecting devices in sequence, and a multi-stage screen combination, so that the crushed materials can be screened at multiple stages to improve the separation accuracy; among them, the primary crushing adopts an adjustable spiral blade, so that while crushing the materials, the crushed materials can be more efficiently transported to the filter screen; the aperture of each stage of the screen is gradually reduced to ensure that the fertilizer is screened step by step to obtain more uniform particles; The diversion device is equipped with a switch and sensor on the top to control the entry of fertilizer. Combined with the sensor at the bottom of the fertilizer spreader, it can accurately control the fall of fertilizer and realize intelligent control. The diversion structure in the device can solve the problem of uneven separation. At the same time, the sensor at the bottom of the fertilizer spreader can accurately control the release of fertilizer according to the fertility of the soil, avoiding the waste of fertilizer caused by random fertilization and the burning of some plants. A detachable gear-type blade is provided in front of the coulter, which can make the grooves required for fertilization on the ground in advance, thereby reducing the wear of the coulter and extending the service life of the coulter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a small automatic corn fertilizer applicator of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conveying device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the crushing and separation device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary filter screen of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary filter screen of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing blade of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer diversion device of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the soil covering device of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ditching device of the present invention; The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. solar panel, 2. first motor, 3. fertilizer suction device, 4. feed port joint pipe, 5. compaction roller, 6. soil covering device, 7. wheel, 8. fertilizer lowering pipe, 9. shunt pipe joint, 10. axle, 11. plow, 12. gear-type blade, 13. front of the vehicle, 14. vehicle body, 15. feed port of the conveying device, 16. conveying device, 17. three-head plate rotating shaft, 18. first belt, 19. second motor, 20. second belt, 21. sealing cover, 22. third motor, 23. crushing and separation device, 24. Rotating shaft, 25. M-shaped intermediate crushing knife, 26. Primary filter screen, 27. Intermediate filter screen, 28. Collection area, 29. Intelligent drop control valve, 30. Right drop control switch, 31. Left drop control switch, 32. Fertilizer diversion device, 33. Adjustable spiral crushing knife, 34. Fender, 35. Covering bend plate, 36. Outer arc diversion block, 37. Fertilizer delivery pipe, 38. Left diversion branch pipe, 39. Right diversion branch pipe, 40. Secondary crushing knife, 41. Secondary filter screen, 42. High-pressure nozzle, 43. Vibrator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Specific embodiments are given below to further clearly, completely and in detail illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0015] Example 1 A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator, comprising a solar panel 1, a vehicle head 13, a vehicle body 14, a fertilizer sucking device 3, a trenching device and a soil covering device 6, wherein a sensor for detecting soil fertility is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body 14, and a conveying device 16, a crushing and separating device 23 and a fertilizer diversion device 32 are provided inside the vehicle body 14; the fertilizer sucking device 3 comprises a first motor 2 as a power source for the fertilizer sucking device 3 and a spiral conveyor for conveying materials, and solid fertilizer is pushed by the internal spiral of the fertilizer sucking device 3 and brought from top to bottom to the upper discharge port of the fertilizer sucking device 3; The feed port 15 and the discharge port of the conveying device 16 are respectively arranged on the side walls close to the fertilizer sucking device 3 and the crushing and separating device 23. The feed port 15 and the discharge port of the conveying device 16 are respectively connected with the discharge port of the fertilizer sucking device 3 and the feed port of the crushing and separating device 23 through the inclined feed port joint pipe 4, so that the solid fertilizer is delivered from the discharge port and then transferred to the next device under the action of gravity; The crushing and separation device 23 includes a multi-layer crushing area, and a filter screen is provided at the bottom of the crushing area, and the structure of each filter screen is different; the fertilizer diverter device 32 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing and separation device 23, and the discharge port of the fertilizer diverter device 32 extends out of the vehicle body 14, and the fertilizer diverter device 32 is provided with a control switch for controlling feeding and discharging, and the control switch is electrically connected to the sensor.

[0016] In this embodiment, the fertilizer spreader is driven by electric energy, and a battery is provided inside the machine. A solar panel 1 for generating electricity is provided on the machine to transform and rectify the voltage and charge the battery, and store the chemical energy in the battery, thereby achieving environmental protection and energy saving effects.

[0017] There is a control console inside the front of the fertilizer spreader, which is convenient for the operator to directly monitor and adjust the fertilizer spreader. The operating platform includes various basic function buttons and displays the current working status. In addition, after setting the parameters, the fertilizer spreader can automatically perform the fertilization task. It only needs to control the moving direction and no human intervention in real time is required to perform the fertilization task.

[0018] Furthermore, the height of the discharge port of the fertilizer absorption device 3 is higher than the feed port 15 of the conveying device 16 , and the height of the discharge port of the conveying device 16 is higher than the feed port of the crushing and separation device 23 .

[0019] Furthermore, a three-head plate is provided inside the conveying device 16, and the three-head plate is transmission-connected to a second motor 19 arranged above the vehicle body 14 through a three-head plate rotating shaft 17 and a first belt 18. The outer edge of the three-head plate fits the inner diameter of the side wall of the conveying device 16. Driven by the second motor 19, the three-head plate rotates to ensure that all the fertilizer can be transported to the crushing device. The three-head plate mainly plays a pushing role, and the rotation can also play a certain large-block crushing role.

[0020] Furthermore, an anti-reverse aperture is provided at the feed inlet 15 of the conveying device 16 to prevent the fertilizer from being pushed back into the fertilizer suction device 3 behind by the three-head plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the crushing and separation device 23 is provided with a third motor 22, which is connected to the middle part of the crushing and separation device 23 through a second belt 20 and a rotating shaft 24. At the same time, a sealing cover 21 is provided above the crushing and separation device 23 to prevent the fertilizer from splashing out; three layers of filter screens are provided in the crushing and separation device 23 to divide it into three independent crushing areas and a collecting area 28 at the bottom, and crushing blades are provided in the three crushing areas connected to the rotating shaft 24, and the collecting area 28 is funnel-shaped, and the bottom of the funnel is the discharge port of the crushing and separation device 23.

[0022] Furthermore, the filter holes of the three-layer filter screen decrease in diameter from top to bottom, and the types of crushing blades in different crushing areas are different. After multi-stage screening, the separation accuracy is improved, and the aperture of each level of the screen decreases step by step, ensuring that the fertilizer is screened step by step to obtain more uniform particles.

[0023] Specifically, the structures of the three independent crushing zones are: The first layer of crushing blades is an adjustable spiral crushing blade 33, and a part of the filter screen is evenly distributed with filter holes as the primary filter screen 26, and the filter holes have the largest aperture; in this crushing area, the partially compacted fertilizer is initially crushed, and the fertilizer that meets the primary filtering conditions is transported to the next layer of the screen under the action of gravity; The second layer of crushing blades is a cross-shaped intermediate crushing blade 25, and all areas of the filter screen are evenly distributed with filter holes as the intermediate filter screen 27; the cross-shaped intermediate crushing blade 25 can crush slightly larger fertilizer blocks on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can evenly disperse the fertilizer falling from above onto the filter screen, so that the fertilizer falls evenly; The third layer of crushing blades is a secondary crushing blade 40, and filter holes are evenly distributed in all areas of the filter screen as a secondary filter screen 41, and the filter holes have the smallest aperture; the fertilizer particles are further subdivided in this crushing area, and the fertilizer particles that meet the requirements can smoothly enter the funnel-shaped collection area 28 below.

[0024] Furthermore, high-pressure nozzles 42 and vibrators 43 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the filter screen as automatic cleaning devices to regularly clean the accumulated materials.

[0025] Furthermore, the fertilizer diverter device 32 includes a fertilizer delivery pipe 37 connected to the bottom discharge port of the crushing and separation device 23, and two diverter branches connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe 37 and symmetrically arranged on the left and right. An outer arc-shaped diverter block 36 is provided at the connection between the fertilizer delivery pipe 37 and the diverter branches, wherein the control switch for controlling the feeding and discharging includes a drop control valve 29, a right drop control switch 30, and a left drop control switch 31 respectively arranged on the fertilizer delivery pipe 37 and the left diverter branch 38 and the right diverter branch 39, and a sensor is also provided next to the control switch arranged on the fertilizer delivery pipe 37. Combined with the sensor at the bottom of the fertilizer spreader, the drop of the fertilizer can be accurately controlled, intelligent control can be realized, and fertilizer waste can be reduced.

[0026] Specifically, the outer arc-shaped diverter block 36 is an outer arc-shaped block with a double-channel diverter structure inside, which can prevent the fertilizer on the lower side from reversing. At the same time, under the action of gravity, the fertilizer particles will be relatively evenly dispersed into the left diverter branch 38 and the right diverter branch 39. The left and right diverter branches are also respectively provided with control switches to control the entry and exit of the fertilizer. The fertilizer diverter device 32 is combined with the sensor at the bottom of the machine to further achieve precise fertilization.

[0027] Furthermore, the bottom end of the shunt branch pipe is connected to a fertilizer lowering pipe 8 through a shunt pipe joint 9. The fertilizer lowering pipe 8 extends out of the vehicle body 14 and the discharge port is aligned above the ditch opened by the ditching device. The fertilizer falls accurately from the fertilizer lowering pipe 8 into the ditch opened by the ditching device.

[0028] Furthermore, the furrowing device includes a plow 11 disposed under the vehicle body 14 and a gear-type blade 12 disposed in front of the plow 11 , which can open shallow furrows in advance and reduce the wear of the plow 11 .

[0029] Furthermore, the soil covering device 6 includes a soil covering bent plate 35, a mudguard 34 and a compaction roller 5 arranged behind the mudguard 34. A fixed shaft is provided in the mudguard 34. The soil covering bent plate 35 is fixed to the mudguard 34 through the fixed shaft and can rotate along the shaft by a certain angle, which can simply realize three-level soil covering of the trench.

[0030] Furthermore, wheels 7 for support and travel are provided under the vehicle body 14, and the axle 10 is used to connect the wheels 7 and the vehicle body 14, playing a supporting and transmission role. The power energy used by the fertilizing device in this embodiment is electricity, and a battery is provided inside the machine. At the same time, a solar power generation panel is provided on the upper part, which can be charged during the day and convert solar energy into electrical energy for storage. When it is needed, the stored electrical energy can be released for the normal operation of the machine, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0031] The above shows and describes the main features, basic principles and advantages of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above model, and can be analyzed and calculated for different number of segments and different types of cages; technicians in this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the above embodiment and description are only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have various changes and improvements according to actual conditions, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator, comprising a solar panel, a battery, a vehicle head, a vehicle body, a fertilizer suction device, a trenching device and a soil covering device, wherein a sensor for detecting soil fertility is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the characteristics are: The vehicle body is provided with a conveying device, a crushing and separating device and a fertilizer diverting device; the fertilizer sucking device is provided with a spiral conveying path for conveying materials, and the feed inlet and the discharge inlet of the conveying device are respectively connected with the discharge inlet of the fertilizer sucking device and the feed inlet of the crushing and separating device through an inclined feed inlet joint pipe; The crushing and separation device includes multiple layers of crushing areas, each crushing area is provided with a filter screen and the filter screen structures of each crushing area are different; the fertilizer diverter device is arranged at the bottom of the crushing and separation device, the discharge port of the fertilizer diverter device extends out of the vehicle body, and the fertilizer diverter device is provided with a control switch for controlling feeding and discharging, and the control switch is electrically connected to the sensor.

2. A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the discharge port of the fertilizer absorption device is higher than the feed port of the conveying device, and the height of the discharge port of the conveying device is higher than the feed port of the crushing and separation device.

3. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A three-head plate is arranged inside the conveying device, and the outer edge of the three-head plate fits the inner diameter of the side wall of the conveying device.

4. A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 3, characterized in that: An anti-reverse aperture is provided at the feed inlet of the conveying device.

5. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing and separation device is provided with a third motor, which is connected to the middle part of the crushing and separation device through a rotating shaft. The crushing and separation device is provided with three layers of filter screens to divide it into three independent crushing areas and a collection area. The three crushing areas are all provided with crushing blades connected to the rotating shaft. The collection area is funnel-shaped, and the bottom of the funnel is the discharge port of the crushing and separation device.

6. A small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter holes of the three-layer filter screen have apertures that decrease in order from top to bottom, and the types of crushing blades in different crushing areas are different.

7. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The structures of the three independent crushing zones are respectively: The first layer of crushing blades is an adjustable spiral crushing blade, and filter holes are evenly distributed in some areas of the filter screen; the second layer of crushing blades is a cross-shaped intermediate crushing blade, and filter holes are evenly distributed in all areas of the filter screen; the third layer of crushing blades is a secondary crushing blade, and filter holes are evenly distributed in all areas of the filter screen.

8. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer diversion device includes a fertilizer delivery pipe connected to the bottom discharge port of the crushing and separation device, and two diversion branches connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe and arranged symmetrically on the left and right. An outer arc-shaped diversion block is provided at the connection between the fertilizer delivery pipe and the diversion branch pipes, and the control switch is provided on the fertilizer delivery pipe and the two diversion branches.

9. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furrowing device comprises a plow arranged below the vehicle body and a gear-type blade arranged in front of the plow.

10. The small automatic corn fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering device comprises a soil covering bent plate, a mudguard and a compacting roller arranged behind the mudguard. A fixed shaft is arranged inside the mudguard. The soil covering bent plate is fixed to the mudguard through the fixed shaft and can rotate along the shaft by a certain angle.

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