A method for establishing vegetation clusters on rock wounds

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for constructing vegetation clusters on a rock wound surface, comprising the following steps: constructing an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window, a longitudinal stepped surface or a transverse stepped surface on the rock wound surface to form an overall complete rock surface and a cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer on the slope, thereby changing the micro water-collecting environment of the slope; observing and evaluating the slope stability; for the first spraying, using slaked lime and the like for directional wet spraying onto the cross-section of the interlayer gap and its periphery; for the second spraying, using grass and shrub seeds and the like for directional wet spraying onto the cross-section of the interlayer gap and its periphery; for the third spraying, adding spores of lower plants to the fermented waste fruits and spraying onto the entire rock wound surface. The present invention changes the microtopography on the slope by means of an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window, etc., changes the size of the confluence surface of the rock wound surface, provides sufficient water for the normal growth of vegetation on the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer, and provides a nature-based ecological restoration approach for the wound surface of a high-steep and multi-layer fractured rock slope by imitating differential weathering windows.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of ecological restoration, soil and water conservation, and vegetation restoration on mine slopes, and in particular to a method for constructing vegetation clusters on rock surfaces. Background Art

[0002] The main cause of typical sulfide metal mines is that magma intrudes into layered sedimentary rocks. Magma activity brings rich ore-forming materials and heat, providing a material basis and energy source for the formation of lead-zinc mines. The hydrothermal fluids released during the cooling process of magma react with the surrounding rocks, extracting metal elements such as lead and zinc from the rocks and forming metal-rich hydrothermal fluids. These hydrothermal fluids precipitate and accumulate in suitable geological structure parts of surrounding rocks such as carbonate rocks with high porosity and permeability. At the same time, the hydrothermal fluids react with surrounding rocks such as carbonate rocks, forming a series of skarn minerals, which also promote the further enrichment of metal elements such as lead and zinc. Silicification enhances the porosity and permeability of the rocks, facilitating the migration of hydrothermal fluids and the progress of mineralization. After multiple phases of tectonic movements, the morphology and distribution of the ore bodies have been somewhat transformed and affected. At the same time, the surrounding rocks are interbedded with hard and soft rocks, with a complex layered structure and many cracks.

[0003] Open-pit mining of typical sulfide polymetallic mines has caused a large amount of damage to the original topography and vegetation, the spread of heavy metal pollution, and damage to the ecosystem, forming a large number of damaged surfaces with exposed rock and soil. The damaged surfaces in the mining area have an obvious layered rock structure, excessive heavy metal pollution, and different rock types between the rock layers, with different hardness levels, a relatively broken structure, and relatively serious secondary geological disasters. Conventional measures such as hydroseeding greening, planting hole planting, thick soil in cement grids, vegetation floating platforms, and tying ecological bags not only have huge costs, but also cause great disturbance to the broken rock walls, and are extremely likely to cause slope instability and secondary geological disasters such as collapses and landslides during construction. At the same time, due to problems such as heavy metal pollution, the later soil layer is extremely likely to acidify, and the vegetation layer undergoes large-scale degradation.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing vegetation clusters on rock surfaces, which can solve the problems of high-steep slope surfaces in sulfide polymetallic mining areas being unable to bear too much imported soil, difficult to cover with soil for greening, the spread of heavy metal pollution, and soil acidification, and provide a nature-based ecological restoration technical approach for high-steep and multi-layer broken rock slope surfaces that imitates differential weathering windows.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for constructing vegetation clusters on rock surfaces, including the following steps:

[0007] S1. After cleaning the loose stones on the slope surface, construct any one or more of an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window, a longitudinally stepped uneven surface, and a laterally stepped uneven surface on the rock surface. Two types are formed on the slope surface: an overall complete rock surface and the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock stratum. The entire complete rock surface forms a confluence surface, and the irregular cross-section of the interlayer gap dissipates the confluent water, playing the role of a diversion channel for confluence, and overall changing the microenvironment of the slope surface to prepare for the micro-greening of the slope surface.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, construct an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window and / or a laterally stepped uneven surface on the rock surface; more preferably, construct an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window on the rock surface.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the rock surface is the rock surface of the sulfide metal mining area wall; more preferably, the rock surface is the fresh rock surface of the open-air cliff of the typical sulfide metal mining area in the area with an annual precipitation of more than 800 mm (more preferably 1200 mm).

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the size of the complete rock surface is between 5 - 50 cm, and the size of the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock stratum is between 2 - 40 cm.

[0011] S2. Observe and evaluate the stability of the slope surface. If there are water damage and confluence ditch phenomena, re-trim to form a multi-level cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock stratum, and laterally guide and dissipate the confluence.

[0012] Specifically, place the sorted slope surface and wait for one or two medium or heavy rains (or simulate natural rainfall conditions by spraying with a high-pressure water gun). Observe and evaluate the stability of the slope surface to see if there are water damage and large confluence ditches from the top to the bottom of the slope. If so, clean it again, especially at the places where confluence ditches appear, re-trim to form a multi-level cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock stratum, and laterally guide and dissipate the confluence as much as possible.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, when re-trimming to form a multi-level cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock stratum, the interval between two cross-sections of the rock layer gap is between 60 - 90 cm.

[0014] S3. For the first spraying, mix slaked lime, apatite, zeolite, and poultry manure compost evenly with water and plant gum, and wet-spray them directionally onto the cross-section of the interlayer gap and its periphery. Keep the intact rock surface of the wound unchanged without spraying.

[0015] For the first spraying of slaked lime, apatite, zeolite, and poultry manure compost, etc., effectively fix heavy metals by releasing phosphorus, achieving the passivation and repair of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, etc., thereby reducing the harm of heavy metals to the environment and plants, improving the health of the ecosystem, and also providing the phosphorus element required by plants to promote plant growth.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the mass ratio of slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost is (8-10):(2-4):(1-2):(60-70).

[0017] Preferably, the amount of the plant glue used can be 2-5% of the total amount of slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost according to actual conditions.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the particle size of the slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost does not exceed 3 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the first spraying thickness does not exceed 3 cm.

[0020] S4. Keep the original state for a period of time after the first spraying (preferably 2-3 months later, or as far as possible after spring), and then carry out the second spraying. The second spraying uses grass shrub seeds, which are evenly mixed with plant glue, water retaining agent and planting soil, and then sprayed wetly to the cross-section of the interlayer gap and the surrounding area in a directional manner. The intact rock surface is kept as it is without spraying.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, the grass and shrub seeds include one or more of Miscanthus wujieensis, Eleocharis truncatula, Cyperus rotundus and Ziziphus jujuba.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, the ratio of grass and shrub seeds is (1-2):1, more preferably 1:1.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the ratio of the plant gum, water retaining agent and planting soil is (1-2):(2-4):(3-5), more preferably 1:2:3.

[0024] Preferably, in step S4, the total amount of the grass shrub seeds, plant glue, water retaining agent and planting soil is 5-15% of the water volume, and more preferably 6-10%.

[0025] Preferably, the second spraying thickness does not exceed 1 cm, or there are obvious grass seeds left.

[0026] S5. After the second spraying, moisturize and maintain for a period of time (preferably 2 to 3 weeks, until the local grass and shrub seeds germinate), and then spray for the third time. Add spore powder of lower plants (ferns and mosses) to the discarded fruit fermentation material, mix evenly, and spray to the entire rock wound surface.

[0027] Ferns and bryophytes usually have relatively high requirements for the growth environment, especially for relatively high humidity and low temperature. On directly exposed rock surfaces, these conditions are often difficult to meet, resulting in the difficulty of spore powder germination and growth. Herbaceous and shrubby plants usually grow relatively fast and can form a certain vegetation cover in a relatively short period of time. This cover plays an important role in reducing the direct exposure of the rock surface and lowering the rock surface temperature. Therefore, the lush growth of herbaceous and shrubby plants can provide shade for ferns, bryophytes, etc., keep the rock surface moist, and provide favorable conditions for the germination and growth of spore powder. The roots of herbaceous and shrubby plants can also help fix the soil (although mainly fixing rock debris and soil particles on the rock surface), reduce soil erosion, and provide better substrate conditions for the growth of subsequent plants. Therefore, separate spraying is not only beneficial for herbaceous and shrubby plants, ferns, and bryophytes to grow according to their respective growth characteristics, but also can create a better growth environment for subsequent ferns and bryophytes through the prior growth of herbaceous and shrubby plants, which helps to achieve effective greening and ecological restoration of the rock surface.

[0028] Preferably, in step S5, the fruits include one or more of persimmons, pears, apples, oranges, etc.; specifically, common waste fruits such as persimmons, pears, apples, and oranges are crushed and fermented with juice for 1 - 2 weeks.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention uses an uneven surface similar to a circular weathering window type, longitudinal stepped type, and transverse stepped type to change the microtopography on the slope, fundamentally changing the size of the confluence surface of the rock wound surface. The complete rock surface and the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer form a situation where the confluence surface and the consumption surface offset each other, reducing the large confluence erosion on the slope surface, and providing sufficient water for the normal growth of vegetation on the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer.

[0031] (2) According to the physical and chemical characteristics and fragmentation degree of different rock types on the high-steep slope wound surface, the present invention differentially classifies and sprays in layers, aiming to form some sporadic herbaceous and shrubby clusters on the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer. Based on this, a lower plant community mainly composed of bryophytes is formed, the complete rock surface is retained, the engineering disturbance is minimized as much as possible, the load on the slope surface is reduced, and thus secondary geological disasters are alleviated.

[0032] (3) The present invention uses slaked lime, apatite, zeolite, etc. to effectively block the activation of heavy metals on the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer and prevent the expansion of pollution. Description of the drawings

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the micro-topography of the uneven surface with lateral stepped retreat of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the micro-topography of the uneven surface with a similar circular weathering window of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the micro-topography of the uneven surface with longitudinal stepped retreat of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 It is the vegetation establishment effect of the uneven surface with lateral stepped retreat of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 It is the vegetation establishment effect of the uneven surface with a similar circular weathering window of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is the vegetation establishment effect of the uneven surface with longitudinal stepped retreat of the slope provided by the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Intact rock surface; 2. Cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer; 3. Flow direction of the converging water. Specific embodiments

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form also includes the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The experiment was conducted in February on the slope of a gold-silver polymetallic open-pit mine in a town in Hengyang City, Hunan Province. The experiment was divided into three experimental surfaces: horizontal step-back type, circular weathering window type, and vertical step-back type unbalanced surface microenvironment. Each experimental area is 30-70m 2 between.

[0045] Example 1 Laterally stepped unbalanced surface microenvironment

[0046] (1) After clearing the pumice from the slope, according to the trend characteristics of the layered rock strata, the different hardness of each layer of rock and the characteristics of the gaps between them, a horizontal step-back uneven surface was constructed on the rock wound surface in imitation of the natural scratches and spherical weathering characteristics of rocks (see Figure 1 ), forming two types of rock surface 1 and interlayer crack section 2 on the slope. The size of the rock surface is between 10-50cm, and the size of the interlayer crack section is between 5-40cm. The entire rock surface forms a confluence surface, and the irregular interlayer crack section absorbs the confluence water, forming a confluence diversion channel. The confluence water flows to 3 as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the microenvironment of the slope is changed as a whole, preparing for the micro-greening of the slope.

[0047] (2) After the slope was left for 6 days and waited for a heavy rain, the slope stability was evaluated and a large confluence ditch was found from the top to the bottom of the slope. The slope was trimmed again to form a multi-layer interlayer gap section with a spacing of 60-90 cm between the two layers.

[0048] (3) Mix slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost in a mass ratio of 9:2:2:70, with a particle size of no more than 3 cm. After adding water and plant glue, spray them onto the interlayer gap section and the surrounding area. The intact rock surface wound surface is kept as it is without spraying. Among them, the amount of plant glue accounts for 2% of the total substrate. The spraying thickness was randomly inspected at 8 locations, and the thickest part was 1.8 cm.

[0049] (4) After the first hydroseeding, the original state was maintained from 25 days until the end of March, and the second hydroseeding was carried out. For the second hydroseeding, Miscanthus floridulus, Eleusine indica, and Ziziphus jujuba were used. According to the ratio of grass to shrubs of 1:1, and the ratio of plant gum: water-retaining agent: planting soil = 1:2:3, they were evenly mixed. The proportion of the mixture of grass and shrub seeds, plant gum, water-retaining agent, and planting soil accounted for 6% of the water volume, and it was wet-sprayed in a directional manner onto the cross-section and the periphery of the interlayer gap. The intact rock surface wound was left as it was without hydroseeding. It could be seen with the naked eye that there were obvious grass seeds remaining. 10 spots were randomly inspected for hydroseeding, and grass seeds were found in all of them. However, the thickness could not be accurately judged and was all within 1 cm.

[0050] (5) After the second hydroseeding, it was moisturized and maintained for 2 weeks. After local grass seeds germinated, the third hydroseeding was carried out. After common waste fruits such as persimmons and oranges were crushed and fermented with juice for 2 weeks, moss spore powder and a small amount of Pteris cretica spore powder were added and evenly mixed, and then quickly hydroseeded onto the entire rock wound surface.

[0051] Example 2: Similar circular weathering window type unbalanced surface microenvironment

[0052] (1) After cleaning the pumice on the slope surface, according to the tendency and strike characteristics of the layered rock formation, the different hardness levels of each layer of rock, and the gap characteristics between them, imitating natural scratches and the characteristics of rock spherical weathering, a similar circular weathering window type unbalanced surface was constructed on the rock wound surface (see Figure 2 ), forming two types on the slope surface: the overall intact rock surface 1 and the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer 2. The size of the intact rock surface was between 5 - 30 cm, and the size of the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer was between 2 - 20 cm. The entire intact rock surface formed a confluence surface, and the irregular cross-section of the interlayer gap received the confluent water, playing the role of a diversion channel for the confluent water. The direction of the confluent water flow 3 was as shown in Figure 2 ;

[0053] (2) After the slope surface was sorted out and left for 6 days, after waiting for a heavy rain, the stability of the slope surface was observed and evaluated, and no large confluence ditches from the top to the bottom of the slope were found.

[0054] (3) Quicklime, apatite, zeolite, and poultry manure compost were evenly mixed according to a mass ratio of 9:4:2:65, with a particle size not exceeding 3 cm. After adding water and plant gum, it was wet-sprayed in a directional manner onto the cross-section and the periphery of the interlayer gap. The intact rock surface wound was left as it was without hydroseeding. Among them, the dosage of plant gum accounted for 3% of the total amount of the base material. 8 spots were randomly inspected for the hydroseeding thickness, and the thickest part was 2.5 cm.

[0055] (4) After the first spraying, the status quo was maintained from 25 days until the end of March, and the second spraying was carried out. For the second spraying, Miscanthus floridulus, Eleusine indica, and Ziziphus jujuba were used. According to the ratio of grass to shrubs of 1:1, and the ratio of plant gum: water-retaining agent: planting soil = 1:2:3, they were evenly mixed. The ratio of grass and shrub seeds to the mixture of plant gum, water-retaining agent, and planting soil accounted for 8% of the water volume, and it was wet-sprayed directionally onto the cross-section and the periphery of the interlayer gap. The intact rock surface wound was left unchanged without spraying. It could be seen with the naked eye that there were obvious grass seeds remaining. 10 spots were randomly inspected for the spraying, and grass seeds were found in all of them. However, the thickness could not be accurately judged and was all within 1 cm.

[0056] (5) After the second spraying, it was moisturized and maintained for 2 weeks. After local grass seeds germinated, the third spraying was carried out. After common discarded fruits such as persimmons and oranges were crushed with juice and fermented for 2 weeks, moss spore powder and a small amount of Pteris cretica spore powder were added and evenly mixed, and then quickly sprayed onto the entire rock wound surface.

[0057] Example 3 Longitudinal stepped uneven surface microenvironment

[0058] (1) After cleaning the pumice on the slope surface, according to the tendency and strike characteristics of the layered rock formation, the different hardness levels of each layer of rock, and the gap characteristics between them, imitating the natural scratch marks and the characteristics of rock spherical weathering, a longitudinal stepped uneven surface was constructed on the rock wound surface (see Figure 3 ). On the slope surface, two types were formed: the overall intact rock surface 1 and the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer 2. The size of the intact rock surface was between 6 - 50 cm, and the size of the cross-section of the interlayer gap of the rock layer was between 2 - 15 cm. The entire intact rock surface formed a confluence surface, and the irregular cross-section of the interlayer gap dissipated the confluent water, playing the role of a diversion channel for the confluent water. The direction of the confluent water flow 3 was as shown in Figure 3 ;

[0059] (2) After the slope surface was sorted out and left for 6 days, after waiting for a heavy rain, the stability of the slope surface was observed and evaluated. No large confluence ditches from the slope head to the slope foot were found, and the rock structure of this experimental surface was relatively complete.

[0060] (3) Quicklime, apatite, zeolite, and poultry manure compost were evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:3:2:60, with the particle size not exceeding 3 cm. After adding water and plant gum, it was wet-sprayed directionally onto the cross-section and the periphery of the interlayer gap. The intact rock surface wound was left unchanged without spraying. Among them, the dosage of plant gum accounted for 4% of the total amount of the base material. 8 spots were randomly inspected for the spraying thickness, and the thickest part was 1.9 cm.

[0061] (4) After hydroseeding, it remained in its original state from 25 days to the end of March. The second hydroseeding was carried out. For the second hydroseeding, Miscanthus floridulus, Eleusine indica and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa were used. According to the ratio of grass to shrub of 1:1, and plant gum: water-retaining agent: planting soil = 1:2:3, they were mixed evenly. The ratio of grass and shrub seeds to the mixture of plant gum, water-retaining agent and planting soil accounted for 10% of the water volume, and it was wet-sprayed directionally onto the cross-section and periphery of the interlayer gap. The intact rock surface wound was left unchanged without hydroseeding. It could be seen with the naked eye that there were obvious grass seeds remaining. 10 spots were randomly inspected for hydroseeding, and grass seeds were found in all of them. However, the thickness could not be accurately judged and was all within 1 cm.

[0062] (5) After the second hydroseeding, it was moisturized and maintained for 2 weeks. After local grass seeds germinated, the third hydroseeding was carried out. After common waste fruits such as persimmons and oranges were crushed and fermented with juice for 2 weeks, moss spore powder and a small amount of Pteris multifida spore were added and evenly mixed, and then quickly hydroseeded onto the entire rock wound surface.

[0063] Effect evaluation: Photos were taken twice in May and June after hydroseeding. It was found that the actual restoration effect was as follows: the longitudinal stepped vegetation cluster establishment in Example 3 > the similar circular weathered window vegetation cluster establishment in Example 2 > the transverse stepped vegetation cluster establishment in Example 1 (see Figures 4-6 ). Among them, Miscanthus floridulus and Eleusine indica grew well on the cross-section of the rock interlayer gap, and the growth effect of moss was good. Moss grew on the entire rock surface in the experimental area of Example 3 (possibly due to the relatively high addition amount of plant gum and water-retaining agent), and the transverse water conduction effect was good, but the sustainability was poor. When the moisture retention effect on the slope surface was poor later, the moss on the intact rock surface degenerated severely. However, Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa and Pteris multifida were not seen or even did not grow. But generally, the goal of rapid establishment of vegetation clusters was achieved, and the diffusion and pollution of heavy metals were significantly controlled. The heavy metal content in the water samples collected below the slope foot decreased to varying degrees.

[0064] During a photo observation in August later, the similar circular weathered window vegetation cluster establishment in Example 2 had the best effect, the transverse stepped vegetation cluster establishment in Example 1 was the second best, and the longitudinal stepped vegetation cluster establishment in Example 3 degenerated more severely. Among them, the vegetation coverage of the experimental surfaces in Example 1 and Example 2 both reached about 60 - 70%, and the experimental surface in Example 3 also reached more than 40%. The mainly degenerated was the moss on the intact rock smooth surface.

[0065] Comparative example

[0066] This comparative example was basically the same as Example 1, except that in this comparative example, the grass and shrub seeds in the second hydroseeding and the moss and Pteris multifida spore powder in the third hydroseeding were sprayed simultaneously, and as a result, neither moss nor Pteris multifida grew.

[0067] In summary, the present invention provides a technical approach for ecological restoration based on natural differential weathering windows for high-steep and multi-layer fractured rock slope surfaces, which solves the problems of excessive load-bearing of the surface of high-steep slopes in sulfide polymetallic ore areas, difficulty in covering soil for greening, heavy metal pollution diffusion, and soil acidification. According to the physical and chemical characteristics and fragmentation degree of different rock types on the high-steep slope surface, different types and layers are sprayed and sown differentially, aiming to form some sporadic grass and shrub clusters on the cross-section of the rock layer gaps. Based on this, a lower plant community mainly composed of mosses is formed, and the intact rock surface is retained, with engineering disturbance minimized as much as possible to reduce the load on the slope surface, thereby reducing secondary geological disasters. The first base layer of slaked lime, apatite, and zeolite can effectively block the activation of heavy metals at the cross-section of the rock layer gaps and prevent the spread of pollution. The quasi-circular weathering window, longitudinal step-back, and transverse step-back type uneven surfaces change the microtopography on the slope, fundamentally changing the size of the confluence surface of the rock surface. The intact rock surface and the cross-section of the rock layer gaps form a situation where the confluence surface and the consumption surface offset each other, reducing the large confluence erosion on the slope surface and providing sufficient water for the normal growth of vegetation on the cross-section of the rock layer gaps.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. After cleaning the floating rocks on the slope, any one or more of the following are constructed on the rock wound surface: a circular weathering window-type uneven surface, a longitudinal step-back uneven surface, and a transverse step-back uneven surface. Two types of rock surfaces, an overall complete rock surface and a rock layer interlayer gap section, are formed on the slope surface. The entire complete rock surface forms a confluence surface, and the irregular interlayer gap section absorbs the confluence water to form a confluence diversion channel, which changes the microenvironment of the slope surface as a whole. S2. Observe and evaluate the stability of the slope. If there is water damage and confluence gullies, reshape the slope to form a multi-level inter-layer gap section to drain and absorb the confluence laterally. S3. The first spraying uses slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost, which are evenly mixed with water and plant glue, and then sprayed in a directional manner to the cross-section of the interlayer gap and its surroundings, leaving the intact rock surface intact; S4. After the first spraying, keep the original state for a period of time, and then spray for the second time. The second spraying uses grass irrigated seeds, which are evenly mixed with plant glue, water retaining agent and planting soil, and then sprayed in a directional wet manner to the cross section of the interlayer gap and the surrounding area, and the intact rock surface is kept as it is; S5. After the second spraying, moisturize and maintain for a period of time until the local grass and shrub seeds germinate, then spray for the third time. Add low-level plant spore powder to the discarded fruit fermentation material, mix evenly, and spray to the entire rock wound surface.

2. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the rock wound surface is a rock wall wound surface in a sulfide metal mining area.

3. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the size of the complete rock surface is between 5-50 cm, and the cross-sectional size of the interlayer gaps of the rock layers is between 2-40 cm.

4. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a multi-level rock stratum interlayer gap section is formed by trimming, and the interval between two rock stratum gap sections is between 60-90 cm.

5. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost is (8-10):(2-4):(1-2):(60-70); the amount of the plant gum is 2-5% of the total amount of slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost.

6. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the particle size of the slaked lime, apatite, zeolite and poultry manure compost does not exceed 3 cm.

7. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the grass and shrub seeds include one or more of Miscanthus wujieensis, Goosegrass, Cyperus rotundus and Ziziphus jujuba.

8. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ratio of the grass shrub seeds is (1-2):1; the ratio of the plant glue, water retaining agent and planting soil is (1-2):(2-4):(3-5); the total amount of the grass shrub seeds, plant glue, water retaining agent and planting soil is 5-15% of the water volume.

9. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the fruit includes one or more of persimmon, pear, apple and orange.

10. The method for planting vegetation clusters on rock wound surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the lower plant spore powder includes: one or more of pteridophyte and bryophyte spore powder.

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