Axial-flow type single-split-flow filter

Abstract

The invention relates to an axial flow type single split filter. A filtration system includes a housing and a filter element. The housing includes an inlet port and an outlet port. A filter element is disposed within the housing. The filter element includes a first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber, a second end plate at least partially defining a second chamber, a central tube coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, an outer tube disposed outside the central tube and coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, and at least one resin bed disposed between the outer tube and the central tube. The central tube is in fluid receiving communication with the first chamber and in fluid providing communication with the second chamber. The outer tube includes one or more openings. At least one resin bed is in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to filtration systems for filtering fluids, such as coolants. Background Art

[0002] In a fuel cell system or similar system, ions from different sources accumulate in the coolant fluid. When ions accumulate in the coolant fluid, the ions change (e.g., increase the conductivity of the fluid, which may be harmful to a powered fuel cell system or similar system). For example, high fluid conductivity may reduce the performance of the fuel cell system and, if not controlled, may cause the fuel cell system to fail due to a short circuit. Deionization ("DI") filters based on ion exchange resins are used to remove ions from the coolant fluid. More specifically, DI filters are used to adjust the conductivity of the coolant fluid by chemically neutralizing free ions. Summary of the invention

[0003] Various embodiments provide a filtration system. The filtration system includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port and a filter element disposed within the housing. The filter element includes: a first end plate, the first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber; a second end plate, the second end plate at least partially defining a second chamber; a central tube, the central tube is coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the central tube is in fluid receiving communication with the first chamber, and is in fluid providing communication with the second chamber; an outer tube, the outer tube is disposed outside the central tube and coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the outer tube includes one or more openings; and at least one resin bed, the at least one resin bed is disposed between the outer tube and the central tube, the at least one resin bed is in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0004] In one embodiment, the first end plate defines one or more first exterior openings; and the second end plate defines one or more second exterior openings.

[0005] In one embodiment, a ratio of an outlet area of ​​the one or more openings to an inlet area of ​​the one or more first outer openings and the one or more second outer openings is between 0.25 and 0.75, inclusive.

[0006] In one embodiment, the filtration system further comprises a filter screen positioned over the one or more first outer openings.

[0007] In one embodiment, a ratio of a first distance between the first end plate and the one or more openings to a second distance between the first end plate and the second end plate is between 0.30 and 0.70.

[0008] In one embodiment, the filtration system further comprises a baffle extending from the central tube toward the outer tube, the baffle at least partially dividing a chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle, and the second chamber portion being defined between the second end plate and the baffle.

[0009] In one embodiment, the filtration system further comprises a baffle extending from the central tube toward the outer tube, the baffle extending between the central tube and the outer tube so that the baffle divides a chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle.

[0010] In one embodiment, the outer tube includes: a first outer wall; a second outer wall, the first outer wall is spaced apart from the second outer wall so that a gap is defined between the first outer wall and the second outer wall; and one or more ribs, the one or more ribs extending across the gap between the first outer wall and the second outer wall so that the one or more ribs define the one or more openings.

[0011] In one embodiment, the filtration system further includes a regulating insert disposed within the inlet port, the regulating insert defining an opening that enables fluid to communicate into the filtration system via the inlet port.

[0012] Various other embodiments provide a filter element. The filter element includes: a first end plate, the first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber; a second end plate, the second end plate at least partially defining a second chamber; a central tube, the central tube coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the central tube being in fluid receiving communication with the first chamber and in fluid providing communication with the second chamber; an outer tube, the outer tube being disposed outside the central tube and coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the outer tube including one or more openings; and at least one resin bed, the at least one resin bed being disposed between the outer tube and the central tube, the at least one resin bed being in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first end plate defines one or more first exterior openings; and the second end plate defines one or more second exterior openings.

[0014] In one embodiment, a ratio of an outlet area of ​​the one or more openings to an inlet area of ​​the one or more first outer openings and the one or more second outer openings is between 0.25 and 0.75, inclusive.

[0015] In one embodiment, the filter element further comprises a filter screen positioned over the one or more first outer openings.

[0016] In one embodiment, a ratio of a first distance between the first end plate and the one or more openings to a second distance between the first end plate and the second end plate is between 0.30 and 0.70.

[0017] In one embodiment, the filter element further comprises a baffle extending from the central tube toward the outer tube, the baffle at least partially dividing a chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle, and the second chamber portion being defined between the second end plate and the baffle.

[0018] In one embodiment, the filter element further comprises a baffle extending from the central tube toward the outer tube, the baffle extending between the central tube and the outer tube such that the baffle divides a chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle.

[0019] In one embodiment, the outer tube includes: a first outer wall; a second outer wall, the first outer wall is spaced apart from the second outer wall so that a gap is defined between the first outer wall and the second outer wall; and one or more ribs, the one or more ribs extending across the gap between the first outer wall and the second outer wall so that the one or more ribs define the one or more openings.

[0020] Various other embodiments provide a method of filtering a fluid. The method includes passing the fluid into a filter element, the filter element including a first end plate, the first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber, wherein the fluid enters the first chamber. The fluid is separated between a first flow path and a second flow path, the first flow path being defined by a first outer opening of the first end plate, the second flow path being defined by a central opening of the first end plate, a central tube of the filter element, and a second outer opening of a second end plate of the filter element, wherein the central tube is coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate. The fluid is passed through at least one resin bed, the at least one resin bed being in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first outer opening of the first end plate and the second outer opening of the second end plate.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method further includes passing a fluid through one or more openings of an outer tube of the filter element, wherein the outer tube is coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate.

[0022] In one embodiment, fluid flowing along the first flow path passes through the at least one resin bed in a first direction; and fluid flowing along the second flow path passes through the at least one resin bed in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0023] These and other features and their organization and manner of operation will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have like reference numerals throughout the several figures described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a side view of a filtration system according to an example embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side cross-sectional view of the filtration system.

[0026] Figure 3 According to another embodiment Figure 1 Side cross-sectional view of the filtration system.

[0027] Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a filtration system according to another example embodiment.

[0028] Figure 5 It is available for Figure 4 A side cross-sectional view of a filter element in a filtration system.

[0029] Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view of a filtration system according to another example embodiment.

[0030] Figure 7 It is available for Figure 6 A side cross-sectional view of a filter element in a filtration system.

[0031] Figure 8 is a perspective view of a filtration system according to yet another example embodiment.

[0032] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 Side view of the filtration system.

[0033] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 Side cross-sectional view of the filtration system.

[0034] Fig.11 is a side view of a filtration system according to another example embodiment.

[0035] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Side cross-sectional view of the filtration system.

[0036] Fig.13 is a method for using the Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11 A perspective view of a filter element in a filter system shown in FIG.

[0037] Fig.14 According to an example embodiment Fig.13 A perspective view of a filter element.

[0038] Fig.15 yes Fig.14 Cross-sectional view of a filter element.

[0039] Fig.16 According to another exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11 A perspective view of a filter element in a filter system shown in FIG.

[0040] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Cross-sectional view of a filter element.

[0041] Fig.18 According to yet another example embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11A perspective view of a filter element in a filter system shown in FIG.

[0042] Fig.19 yes Fig.18 Cross-sectional view of a filter element.

[0043] Fig. 20 It is available with Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 , Fig.14 , Fig.16 and / or Fig.18 A cross-sectional view of a filter housing for use with a filter element.

[0044] Fig.21 It is available for Fig. 20 Top view of the pressure control device in the filter housing.

[0045] Fig. 22 yes Fig.21 Side view of the pressure control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Referring generally to the accompanying drawings, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to filtration systems. More specifically, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to fluid deionization (DI) systems. The DI filtration system includes an improved deionization filter element that maximizes ion exchange while reducing the pressure drop across the filtration system. The DI filter element includes an ion exchange resin for removing organic, inorganic, metallic, and non-metallic ions from coolants in fuel cell systems or similar systems that require low conductivity solutions.

[0047] The filter element design includes a bidirectional flow path for passing the coolant through the filter element. The flow path is arranged in such a way that the flow in the filter element is separated, thereby producing a bidirectional flow path, wherein the first flow path is in a first axial direction, and the second flow path is in a second axial direction opposite to the first axial direction. Compared with conventional axial flow cylindrical DI filters, for the same amount of resin, the bidirectional flow path advantageously reduces the total pressure drop on the filter element. The filtration system includes a collection of resin beads (such as ion exchange resins, ion exchange polymers, etc.) configured to filter (e.g., deionize) the fluid flowing through the filtration system. The collection of such resin beads is generally referred to as a "resin bed". Axial flow ensures that the resin is uniformly utilized by compressing the resin, so that cave formation (tunneling formation) and resin bypass are minimized. As used herein, "cave formation" refers to the formation of a "cave" or passage in a resin bed. "Bypass" refers to the utilization of the resin bed when the fluid bypasses at least a portion of the resin bed and reduces the deionization rate of the fluid.

[0048] Various embodiments disclosed herein provide an improved DI filter system for deionizing a fluid (e.g., a coolant). Neutralizing ions in a fluid can improve the life of the fluid and downstream devices (e.g., a fuel cell). More specifically, various embodiments described herein relate to an improved resin-based DI filter system that can advantageously (i) reduce the pressure change of a fluid passing through a DI filter and / or (ii) increase the utilization of the resin. The bidirectional flow path can advantageously cause the fluid to compress the resin bed toward each other. The compression of the resin bed reduces the pressure change of the fluid passing through the DI filter. In addition, the bidirectional flow path and the resulting compression of the resin bed can advantageously reduce cave formation and / or bypass to increase the utilization of the resin capacity. Increasing the utilization of the resin capacity before discarding or regenerating the resin can reduce the operating cost of the DI filter system. In addition, the increase in the utilization of the resin capacity can lead to greater ion neutralization. Therefore, various embodiments disclosed herein can provide an improved filter system that increases or maximizes the capacity and utilization of the ion exchange resin and increases the benefits of low pressure drop compared to various conventional ion filter systems.

[0049] The embodiments shown and described in further detail herein relate to inside-out flow designs for filtration systems. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein can be used in other filtration system arrangements. For example, the embodiments described herein can be used in outside-in flow designs and / or in other types of filtration systems. In addition, the filtration system can include more or fewer components than those shown in the figures. Therefore, references to various components located inside, downstream, outside, upstream, etc. are relative to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that other embodiments (e.g., outside-in flow designs for filtration systems) can have the same or similar components provided in different arrangements.

[0050] Reference now Figure 1 and Figure 2 , shows multiple views of a filtration system 100 according to an example embodiment. The filtration system 100 is configured to receive an ionized fluid (e.g., a coolant, etc.), filter the fluid through a deionization process, and provide the deionized fluid to a downstream device, such as a fuel cell stack. As shown, the filtration system 100 includes a housing 102, a cover 104, and a filter element 140. In some embodiments, the housing 102 and the filter element 140 cooperate to define a filter element. In other embodiments, the cover 104 and the filter element 140 cooperate to define a filter element. It should be understood that the filtration system 100 may include, for example Figure 1 More or fewer components than shown.

[0051] The housing 102 includes a housing wall 106. The housing wall 106 at least partially defines an interior volume 107. The housing 102 is configured to receive at least a portion of a filter element 140 therein, such that the filter element 140 is at least partially contained within the interior volume 107. The housing 102 also includes a first port 110 and a second port 112. The first port 110 is disposed proximate to a first end 121 of the filter system 100. The second port 112 is disposed between the first end 121 of the filter system 100 and a second end 122 of the filter system 100, the second end 122 being opposite to the first end 121. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the first port 110 is configured as an inlet port. The first port 110 is in fluid receiving communication with an upstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). The first port 110 is in fluid providing communication with a filter element 140. As shown, the first port 110 extends in an axial direction. The second port 112 is configured as an outlet port. The second port 112 is in fluid receiving communication with a filter element 140. The second port 112 is in fluid providing communication with a downstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). As shown, the second port 112 extends in a radial direction.

[0052] The housing 102 also includes one or more housing mounting flanges 114. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 102 includes four housing mounting flanges 114 (two housing mounting flanges are shown and two housing mounting flanges are hidden from view). However, it should be understood that the housing 102 may include more or fewer housing mounting flanges 114. Each of the one or more housing mounting flanges 114 extends radially away from the housing wall 106. Each of the one or more housing mounting flanges 114 defines a flange opening 115. The flange opening 115 is configured to receive a fastener 118.

[0053] The housing 102 also includes a recess 120 formed in the housing wall 106. The recess 120 is disposed proximate a second end 122 of the filter system 100. The recess 120 is configured to receive a portion of a filter element 140, as described in greater detail below.

[0054] The housing 102 also includes a housing sealing passage 124. The housing sealing passage 124 is disposed proximate the second end 122 of the filter system 100 and is disposed on an outer surface of the housing wall 106. The housing sealing passage 124 is configured to receive a first sealing member 126 (eg, an O-ring, a gasket, etc.).

[0055] The housing 102 also includes a housing radial flange 130. The housing radial flange 130 extends radially away from the housing wall 106. The housing radial flange 130 extends between each of the one or more mounting flanges 114. The housing radial flange 130 is configured to limit movement of the cover 104 relative to the housing 102, as described in more detail below.

[0056] The cover 104 includes a cover end wall 108. The cover 104 also includes a cover side wall 132 that extends axially away from the cover end wall 108 and toward the housing 102. The cover 104 also includes one or more cover mounting flanges 116. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the cover 104 includes four cover mounting flanges 116 (two cover mounting flanges are shown and two cover mounting flanges are hidden from view). However, it should be understood that the cover 104 may include more or fewer cover mounting flanges 116. Each of the one or more cover mounting flanges 116 extends radially away from the cover sidewall 132. Each of the one or more cover mounting flanges 116 defines a flange opening 117. Each flange opening 117 is configured to align with a corresponding flange opening 115 of one or more housing mounting flanges 114. The flange opening 117 is configured to receive a fastener 118 so that the fastener is received by the flange opening 117 and the flange opening 115, thereby coupling the cover 104 to the housing 102. When the cover 104 is coupled to the housing 102, the cover 104 and the housing 102 cooperate to define the internal volume 107.

[0057] The cover sidewall 132 defines a cover sealing surface 134. The first sealing member 126 is configured to engage the housing sealing passage 124 and the cover sealing surface 134 and form a seal therebetween. When the cover 104 is coupled to the housing 102, the cover sidewall 132 may contact the housing radial flange 130 such that the housing radial flange 130 limits movement of the cover 104 relative to the housing 102.

[0058] The cover 104 also includes an annular flange 136. The annular flange 136 extends axially away from the cover end wall 108 and toward the filter element 140. The annular flange 136 is configured to contact a portion of the filter element 140, as described in more detail below.

[0059] The filter element 140 is disposed within the interior volume 107 defined by the cover 104 and the housing 102. The filter element 140 includes a center tube 142, an outer tube 150, a first end plate 160, and a second end plate 180. When the filter element 140 is disposed within the interior volume 107, an outer chamber 128 is defined between the filter element 140 and the housing wall 106. The outer chamber 128 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 140. The outer chamber 128 is in fluid providing communication with the second port 112.

[0060] The center tube 142 is a substantially hollow tube that allows fluid to flow therethrough. The center tube 142 has a first end 144 proximate to the first end 121 of the filter system 100. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the first end 144 of the center tube 142 is in fluid receiving communication with a first chamber 145. The first chamber 145 is defined between the first end plate 160 and the housing wall 106. The first chamber 145 is in fluid receiving communication with the first port 110. The center tube 142 has a second end 146 proximate the second end 122 of the filter system 100, the second end 146 being opposite the first end 144. The second end 146 of the center tube 142 is in fluid providing communication with a second chamber 147. The second chamber 147 is defined between the second end plate 180 and the cover 104. The second chamber 147 is in fluid receiving communication with the center tube 142.

[0061] The center tube 142 also includes an axial flange 148. The axial flange 148 extends (eg, in an axial direction) toward the cover 104 and contacts a portion of a second end plate 180, as described in more detail below.

[0062] The outer tube 150 is a substantially hollow tube. The outer tube 150 is disposed around the outside of the central tube 142 so that a chamber 159 is defined between the central tube 142 and the outer tube 150. More specifically, the chamber 159 is defined between the central tube 142, the outer tube 150, the first end plate 160, and the second end plate 180. The outer tube 150 includes a first outer wall 152 and a second outer wall 154. A gap is defined between the first outer wall 152 and the second outer wall 154. The outer tube 150 includes one or more ribs 158, which extend across the gap between the first outer wall 152 and the second outer wall 154 so that the ribs 158 define one or more openings 156. In some embodiments, a mesh (not shown) is positioned on one or more openings 156. In some embodiments, the mesh is co-molded with the outer tube 150. In other embodiments, the filter element 140 does not include a mesh positioned on one or more openings 156. One or more openings 156 are in fluid communication with the outer chamber 128 .

[0063] In some embodiments, the first outer wall 152, the second outer wall 154, and the one or more ribs 158 are formed as a single unitary component. In other embodiments, the first outer wall 152, the second outer wall 154, and the one or more ribs 158 are separate pieces, and the first outer wall 152 is coupled to the one or more ribs 158 and the second outer wall 154 is coupled to the one or more ribs (e.g., by an ultrasonic welding process or other suitable process).

[0064] The first end plate 160 is disposed proximate the first end 121 of the filter system 100. The first end plate 160 includes a first end plate end wall 162. The first end plate end wall 162 defines one or more first end plate outer openings 164 that enable fluid communication between the first chamber 145 and the outer tube 150, or more specifically, enable fluid communication between the first chamber 145 and the chamber 159. The first end plate 160 also includes a first end plate side wall 166. The first end plate side wall 166 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 162 and away from the second end plate 180. The first end plate side wall 166 extends around the periphery of the first end plate end wall 162. The first end plate 160 also includes a first end plate sealing channel 168 disposed on an outer surface of the first end plate side wall 166. The first end plate sealing channel 168 is configured to receive a first end plate sealing member 169 therein.

[0065] The first end plate 160 also includes a first outer mounting portion 170 defined by the first end plate end wall 162 and the first end plate side wall 166. The first outer mounting portion 170 is configured to receive a portion of the first outer wall 152 such that the first outer wall 152 is coupled to the first end plate 160.

[0066] The first end plate 160 also includes a first end plate center wall 172. The first end plate center wall 172 is disposed within an inner edge of the first end plate end wall 162. The first end plate center wall 172 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 162 and away from the second end plate 180. The first end plate center wall 172 defines a first end plate center opening 176. The first end plate 160 is coupled to the center tube 142 such that the opening 176 enables fluid communication between the first chamber 145 and the center tube 142.

[0067] In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is positioned over one or more of the first end plate exterior openings 164. In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is co-molded with the first end plate 160. In other embodiments, the first end plate 160 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more of the first end plate exterior openings 164.

[0068] The second end plate 180 is disposed proximate the second end 122 of the filter system 100. The second end plate 180 includes a second end plate end wall 181. The second end plate end wall 181 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 182 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 147 and the outer tube 150, or more specifically, implement a fluid path defined between the inner tube 142 and the outer tube 150 (e.g., chamber 159).

[0069] The second end plate 180 also includes a second end plate center wall 183. The second end plate center wall 183 is disposed within the inner edge of the second end plate end wall 181. The second end plate center wall 183 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 181 and away from the first end plate 160. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 183 includes a second inner mounting portion 184. The second inner mounting portion 184 is configured to receive a portion of the center tube 142 so that the center tube 142 is coupled to the second end plate 180. The second end plate center wall 183 defines a second end plate center opening 185, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 147 and the center tube 142.

[0070] The second end plate 180 also includes a second end plate side wall 186. The second end plate side wall 186 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 181 and away from the first end plate 160. The second end plate side wall 186 extends around the periphery of the second end plate end wall 181. The second end plate 180 also includes a second end plate flange 187 that extends radially away from the second end plate side wall 186. The second end plate flange 187 extends between the cover 108 and the housing 102. More specifically, the second end plate flange 187 extends between the annular flange 136 and the housing wall 106, such that the second end plate flange 187 contacts the annular flange 136 and the housing wall 106.

[0071] The second end plate 180 also includes a second outer mounting portion 188. The second end plate sidewall 186 and the second end plate flange 187 cooperate to define the second outer mounting portion 188. The second outer mounting portion 188 is configured to receive a portion of the second outer wall 154 such that the second outer wall 154 is coupled to the second end plate 180.

[0072] Second end plate 180 also includes ribs 189 extending radially away from second end plate central wall 183 and axially away from second end plate central opening 185 and away from first end plate 160. Ribs 189 contact axial flange 148 of center tube 142, thereby preventing center tube 142 from moving relative to filter element 140.

[0073] The second end plate 180 also includes a protrusion 190. The protrusion 190 extends axially away from the second end plate flange 187 toward the first end plate 160 and toward the housing wall 106. More specifically, the protrusion 190 is received by the notch 120. When the protrusion 190 is received by the notch 120, the protrusion 190 contacts the housing wall 106 at the notch 120, thereby preventing the filter element 140 from rotating relative to the housing 102.

[0074] In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 182. In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is co-molded with the second end plate 180. In other embodiments, the second end plate 180 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 182.

[0075] The element 140 also includes a first resin bed 192. The first resin bed 192 is formed on the first outer wall 152 between the inner surface of the first outer wall 152 and the outer surface of the central tube 142. The first resin bed 192 extends between the first end plate 160 and the one or more openings 156. The first resin bed 192 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 150. More specifically, the first resin bed 192 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the first end plate 160 through the outer tube 150 and out of the one or more openings 156.

[0076] The filter element 140 also includes a second resin bed 194. The second resin bed 194 is formed on the second outer wall 154 between the inner surface of the second outer wall 154 and the outer surface of the center tube 142. The second resin bed 194 extends between the second end plate 180 and the one or more openings 156. The second resin bed 194 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 150. More specifically, the second resin bed 194 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the second end plate 180 through the outer tube 150 and out of the one or more openings 156.

[0077] One or more first end plate external openings 164 are configured to direct fluid from first chamber 145 toward first resin bed 192 in a first direction. One or more second end plate external openings 182 are configured to direct fluid from second chamber 147 toward second resin bed 194 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0078] In some embodiments, the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194 are formed as a single integral resin bed such that the filter element 140 includes a single continuous resin bed. In these embodiments, the "first resin bed" 192 refers to a first portion of the resin bed defined between the first end plate 160 and the one or more openings 156, and the "second resin bed" 194 refers to a second portion of the resin bed defined between the second end plate 180 and the one or more openings 156.

[0079] Now refer to Figure 3 , showing a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 1 is a side cross-sectional view of the filtration system 100. Figure 3 The filtration system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is substantially similar to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The filtration system 100 shown in FIG. Figure 3The filter system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a housing 102 , a cover 104 , and a filter element 140 .

[0080] and Figure 1 and Figure 2 Compared to the cover 104 shown, Figure 3 The cover 104 shown in does not include the annular flange 136. In addition, Figure 3 The filter element 140 shown is substantially similar to Figure 2 The filter element 140 shown in FIG. Figure 3 The illustrated filter element 140 includes a different second end plate 200 .

[0081] Figure 3 The second end plate 200 is disposed proximate to the second end 122 of the filter system 100. The second end plate 200 includes a second end plate end wall 202. The second end plate end wall 202 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 204 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 147 and the outer tube 150, or more specifically, to achieve a fluid path defined between the inner tube 142 and the outer tube 150 (e.g., chamber 159).

[0082] The second end plate 200 also includes a second end plate center wall 206. The second end plate center wall 206 is disposed within an inner edge of the second end plate end wall 202. The second end plate center wall 206 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 202 and away from the first end plate 160. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 206 includes a second inner mounting portion 208. The second inner mounting portion 208 is configured to receive a portion of the center tube 142 so that the center tube 142 is coupled to the second end plate 200. The second end plate center wall 208 defines a second end plate center opening 210, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 147 and the center tube 142.

[0083] The second end plate 200 also includes a second end plate sidewall 212. The second end plate sidewall 212 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 202 and away from the first end plate 160. The second end plate sidewall 212 extends around the perimeter of the second end plate end wall 202.

[0084] The second end plate 200 also includes a second end plate flange 214 that extends radially away from the second end plate sidewall 212. The second end plate 200 also includes an annular protrusion 216 that extends axially away from the second end plate flange 214 and toward the cover end wall 108. The annular protrusion 216 contacts the cover end wall 108 at a cover contact surface 218, thereby preventing the filter element 140 from moving in the axial direction toward the cover 104.

[0085] The second end plate 180 also includes a second outer mounting portion 219. The second end plate sidewall 212 and the second end plate flange 214 cooperate to define the second outer mounting portion 219. The second outer mounting portion 219 is configured to receive a portion of the second outer wall 154 such that the second outer wall 154 is coupled to the second end plate 200.

[0086] The second end plate 200 also includes a second end plate skirt 220. The second end plate skirt 220 extends axially away from the second end plate flange 214 and toward the first end plate 160. The second end plate 200 includes a second end plate sealing channel 222 disposed on an outer surface of the second end plate skirt 220. The second end plate sealing channel 222 is configured to receive a second end plate sealing member 224.

[0087] In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 204. In some embodiments, the filter screen 178 is co-molded with the second end plate 200. In other embodiments, the second end plate 200 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 204.

[0088] Second end plate 200 also includes ribs 230 extending radially away from second end plate central wall 206 and axially away from second end plate central opening 210 toward cover end wall 108. Ribs 230 contact axial flange 148 of center tube 142, thereby preventing center tube 142 from moving relative to filter element 140.

[0089] The second end plate 200 also includes a protrusion 240. The protrusion 240 extends radially away from the second end plate skirt 220 and toward the housing wall 106. More specifically, the protrusion 240 is received by the notch 120. When the protrusion 240 is received by the notch 120, the protrusion 240 contacts the housing wall 106 at the notch 120, thereby preventing the filter element 140 from rotating relative to the housing 102.

[0090] Reference now Figure 4 and Figure 5 , a side sectional view of a filter system 300 and a side sectional view of a filter element 340 that can be used in the filter system 300 are shown according to an example embodiment. The filter system 300 is configured to receive an ionized fluid (e.g., a coolant, etc.), filter the fluid through a deionization process, and provide the deionized fluid to a downstream device, such as a fuel cell stack. As shown, the filter system 300 includes a housing 302, a cover 304, and a filter element 340. In some embodiments, the housing 302 and the filter element 340 cooperate to define a filter element. In other embodiments, the cover 304 and the filter element 340 cooperate to define a filter element. It should be understood that the filter system 300 may include more than Figure 4 and Figure 5More or fewer components than shown.

[0091] The housing 302 includes a housing wall 306. The housing wall 306 at least partially defines an interior volume 307. The housing 306 is configured to receive at least a portion of a filter element 340 therein such that the filter element 340 is at least partially contained within the interior volume 307.

[0092] The housing 302 further includes a first port 310 and a second port 312. The first port 310 is disposed proximate to a first end 321 of the filter system 300. The second port 312 is disposed between the first end 321 of the filter system 300 and a second end 322 of the filter system 300, the second end 322 being opposite to the first end 321. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first port 310 is configured as an inlet port. The first port 310 is in fluid receiving communication with an upstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). The first port 310 is in fluid providing communication with a filter element 340. As shown, the first port 310 extends in an axial direction. The second port 312 is configured as an outlet port. The second port 312 is in fluid receiving communication with a filter element 340. The second port 312 is in fluid providing communication with a downstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). As shown, the second port 312 extends in a radial direction.

[0093] The housing 302 also includes a housing mounting flange 314. The housing mounting flange 314 is disposed around the outer surface of the housing wall 306 at the second end 322 of the filter system 300. In some embodiments, the housing mounting flange 314 extends continuously around the housing wall 306. In other embodiments, the housing mounting flange 314 is discontinuous, such that the housing mounting flange 314 includes one or more segments disposed around the housing wall 306. The housing mounting flange 314 extends radially away from the housing wall 106. The housing mounting flange 314 defines one or more flange openings 315. The flange openings 315 are configured to receive fasteners 318.

[0094] The housing 302 also includes a recess 320 formed in the housing wall 306. The recess 320 is disposed proximate a second end 322 of the filter system 300. The recess 320 is configured to receive a portion of a filter element 340, as described in greater detail below.

[0095] The housing 302 includes a first housing sealing surface 323. The first housing sealing surface 323 is disposed at or near the first end 321 of the filter system 300 and on an inner surface of the housing wall 306. As described below, the first housing sealing surface 323 is configured to engage a first sealing member 372 (e.g., an O-ring, a gasket, etc.).

[0096] The housing 302 also includes a second housing sealing surface 324. The second housing sealing surface 324 is disposed proximate the second end 322 of the filter system 300 and on an outer surface of the housing wall 306. More specifically, the second housing sealing surface 324 is disposed at the recess 320. The second housing sealing surface 324 is configured to engage a second sealing member 398 (e.g., an O-ring, a gasket, etc.).

[0097] The cover 304 includes a cover end wall 308. The cover end wall 308 defines one or more cover openings 317. Each cover opening 317 is configured to align with a corresponding flange opening 315 of the housing mounting flange 314. The cover opening 317 is configured to receive a fastener 318 so that the fastener 318 is received by the cover opening 317 and the flange opening 315, thereby coupling the cover 304 to the housing 302. When the cover 304 is coupled to the housing 302, the cover 304 and the housing 302 cooperate to define the interior volume 307.

[0098] The cover end wall 308 defines a first cover sealing surface 334. The second sealing member 398 is configured to engage the second housing sealing surface 324 and the first cover sealing surface 334 and form a seal therebetween.

[0099] Cover end wall 308 defines second cover sealing surface 336. Third sealing member 390 (eg, O-ring, gasket, etc.) is configured to engage and form a seal between second cover sealing surface 336 and a portion of filter element 340.

[0100] The filter element 340 is disposed within the interior volume 307 defined by the cover 304 and the housing 302. The filter element 340 includes a center tube 342, an outer tube 350, a first end plate 360, and a second end plate 380. When the filter element 340 is disposed within the interior volume 307, an outer chamber 328 is defined between the filter element 340 and the housing wall 306. The outer chamber 328 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 340. The outer chamber 328 is in fluid providing communication with the second port 312.

[0101] The center tube 342 is a substantially hollow tube that allows fluid to flow therethrough. The center tube 342 has a first end 344 proximate to the first end 321 of the filter system 300. The first end 344 of the center tube 342 is in fluid receiving communication with a first chamber 345. The first chamber 345 is defined between the first end plate 360 ​​and the housing wall 306. The first chamber 345 is in fluid receiving communication with the first port 310. The center tube 342 has a second end 346 proximate to the second end 322 of the filter system 300, the second end 346 being opposite to the first end 344. The second end 346 of the center tube 342 is in fluid providing communication with a second chamber 347. The second chamber 347 is defined between the second end plate 380 and the cover 304. The second chamber 347 is in fluid receiving communication with the center tube 342.

[0102] The center tube 342 also includes one or more threads 348. The one or more threads 348 are disposed on an outer surface of the center tube 342 at the second end 346. The one or more threads 348 are configured to enable the center tube 342 to be coupled to a second end plate 380, as described in more detail below.

[0103] The outer tube 350 is a substantially hollow tube. The outer tube 350 is disposed around the outside of the central tube 342 so that a chamber 359 is defined between the central tube 342 and the outer tube 350. More specifically, the chamber 359 is defined between the central tube 342, the outer tube 350, the first end plate 360, and the second end plate 380. The outer tube 350 includes a first outer wall 352 and a second outer wall 354. A gap is defined between the first outer wall 352 and the second outer wall 354. The outer tube 350 includes one or more ribs 358 extending across the gap between the first outer wall 352 and the second outer wall 354 so that the ribs 358 define one or more openings 356. In some embodiments, a mesh (not shown) is positioned on one or more openings 356. In some embodiments, the mesh is co-molded with the outer tube 350. In other embodiments, the filter element 340 does not include a mesh positioned on one or more openings 356. One or more openings 356 are in fluid communication with the outer chamber 328 .

[0104] In some embodiments, the first outer wall 352, the second outer wall 354, and the one or more ribs 358 are formed as a single integral component. In other embodiments, the first outer wall 352, the second outer wall 354, and the one or more ribs 358 are separate pieces, and the first outer wall 352 is coupled to one or more ribs 358 and the second outer wall 354 is coupled to one or more ribs (e.g., by an ultrasonic welding process or other suitable process).

[0105] The outer tube 350 also includes a flange 396 that extends axially and radially away from the second outer wall 354 and toward the first cover sealing surface 334. The flange 396 is configured to engage the second sealing member 398 so that the second sealing member 398 forms a seal between the second housing sealing surface 324, the first cover sealing surface 334, and the filter element 340 (e.g., at the flange 396).

[0106] The first end plate 360 ​​is disposed proximate the first end 321 of the filter system 300. The first end plate 360 ​​includes a first end plate end wall 362. The first end plate end wall 362 defines one or more first end plate outer openings 364 that enable fluid communication between the first chamber 345 and the outer tube 350 (or more specifically, the chamber 359).

[0107] In some embodiments, the filter screen 370 is positioned over one or more first end plate outer openings 364. In some embodiments, the filter screen 370 is co-molded with the first end plate 360. In other embodiments, the first end plate 360 ​​does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more first end plate outer openings 364.

[0108] The first end plate 360 ​​also includes a first end plate side wall 366. The first end plate side wall 366 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 362 and away from the second end plate 380. The first end plate side wall 366 extends around the periphery of the first end plate end wall 362.

[0109] The first end plate 360 ​​also includes a first end plate sealing channel 368 disposed at an end of the first end plate side wall 366 opposite the first end plate end wall 362. The first end plate sealing channel 368 is configured to receive a first sealing member 372.

[0110] The first end plate 360 ​​also includes a first outer mounting portion 374 defined by the first end plate end wall 362 and the first end plate side wall 366. The first outer mounting portion 370 is configured to receive a portion of the first outer wall 352 such that the first outer wall 352 is coupled to the first end plate 360.

[0111] The first end plate 360 ​​also includes a first end plate center wall 376. The first end plate center wall 376 is disposed within an inner edge of the first end plate end wall 362. The first end plate center wall 376 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 362 and away from the second end plate 380. The first end plate center wall 376 defines a first end plate center opening 378. The first end plate 360 ​​is coupled to the center tube 342 such that the first end plate center opening 378 is configured to enable fluid communication between the first chamber 345 and the center tube 342.

[0112] The second end plate 380 is disposed proximate to the second end 322 of the filter system 300. The second end plate 380 includes a second end plate end wall 381. The second end plate end wall 381 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 382 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 347 and the outer tube 350, or more specifically, implement a fluid path defined between the inner tube 342 and the outer tube 350 (e.g., chamber 359).

[0113] The second end plate 380 also includes a second end plate center wall 383. The second end plate center wall 383 is disposed within the inner edge of the second end plate end wall 381. The second end plate center wall 383 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 381 and away from the first end plate 360. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 383 includes one or more threads 387 disposed on the inner surface of the second end plate center wall 383. The one or more threads 387 are configured to engage the one or more threads 348, thereby coupling the center tube 342 to the second end plate 380. The second end plate center wall 383 defines a second end plate center opening 385, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 347 and the center tube 342.

[0114] The second end plate 380 further includes a second end plate side wall 386. The second end plate side wall 386 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 381 and away from the first end plate 360. The second end plate side wall 386 extends around the periphery of the second end plate end wall 381.

[0115] The second end plate 380 also includes a second outer mounting portion 388. The second outer mounting portion 388 extends radially away from the second end plate sidewall 386. The second outer mounting portion 388 is configured to receive a portion of the second outer wall 354 such that the second outer wall 354 is coupled to the second end plate 380.

[0116] Second end plate 380 also includes a second end plate sealing channel 389 extending around second end plate sidewall 386 and axially away from second outer mounting portion 388. Second end plate sealing channel 389 is configured to receive third sealing member 390 such that third sealing member 390 engages second end plate 380 at second end plate sealing channel 389.

[0117] In some embodiments, the filter screen 370 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 382. In some embodiments, the filter screen 370 is co-molded with the second end plate 380. In other embodiments, the second end plate 380 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 382.

[0118] The filter element 340 also includes a first resin bed 392. The first resin bed 392 is formed on the first outer wall 352 between the inner surface of the first outer wall 352 and the outer surface of the center tube 342. The first resin bed 392 extends between the first end plate 360 ​​and the one or more openings 356. The first resin bed 392 is configured to filter the fluid passing through the outer tube 350. More specifically, the resin filter media is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the first end plate 360 ​​through the outer tube 350 and out of the one or more openings 356.

[0119] The filter element 340 also includes a second resin bed 394. The second resin bed 394 is formed on the second outer wall 354 between the inner surface of the second outer wall 354 and the outer surface of the center tube 342. The second resin bed 394 extends between the second end plate 380 and the one or more openings 356. The second resin bed 394 is configured to filter the fluid passing through the outer tube 350. More specifically, the second resin bed 394 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the second end plate 380 through the outer tube 350 and out of the one or more openings 356.

[0120] One or more first end plate external openings 364 are configured to direct fluid from first chamber 345 toward first resin bed 392 in a first direction. One or more second end plate external openings 382 are configured to direct fluid from second chamber 347 toward second resin bed 394 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first resin bed 392 and the second resin bed 394 are formed as a single integral resin bed such that the filter element 340 includes a single continuous resin bed. In these embodiments, the "first resin bed" 392 refers to a first portion of the resin bed defined between the first end plate 360 ​​and the one or more openings 356, and the "second resin bed" 394 refers to a second portion of the resin bed defined between the second end plate 380 and the one or more openings 356.

[0122] Reference now Figure 6 and Figure 7 , a side sectional view of a filter system 400 and a side sectional view of a filter element 440 that can be used in the filter system 400 are shown according to an example embodiment. The filter system 400 is configured to receive an ionized fluid (e.g., a coolant, etc.), filter the fluid through a deionization process, and provide the deionized fluid to a downstream device, such as a fuel cell stack. As shown, the filter system 400 includes a housing 402, a cover 404, and a filter element 440. In some embodiments, the housing 402 and the filter element 440 cooperate to define a filter element. In other embodiments, the cover 404 and the filter element 440 cooperate to define a filter element. It should be understood that the filter system 400 may include, for example Figure 6More or fewer components may be used than shown.

[0123] The housing 402 includes a housing wall 406. The housing wall 406 at least partially defines an interior volume 407. The housing 406 is configured to receive at least a portion of a filter element 440 therein, such that the filter element 440 is at least partially contained within the interior volume 407. The housing 402 also includes a first port 410 and a second port 412. The first port 410 is disposed proximate to a first end 421 of the filter system 400. The second port 412 is disposed between the first end 421 of the filter system 400 and a second end 422 of the filter system 400, the second end 422 being opposite to the first end 421. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the embodiment shown in, the first port 410 is configured as an inlet port. The first port 410 is in fluid receiving communication with an upstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). The first port 410 is in fluid providing communication with a filter element 440. As shown, the first port 410 extends in an axial direction. The second port 412 is configured as an outlet port. The second port 412 is in fluid receiving communication with a filter element 440. The second port 412 is in fluid providing communication with a downstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). As shown, the second port 412 extends in a radial direction.

[0124] The housing 402 also includes one or more housing threads 414. Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the housing threads 414 are external threads disposed on an outer surface of the housing wall 406. In other embodiments, the housing threads 414 may be internal threads disposed on an inner surface of the housing wall 406. The housing threads 414 are configured to engage a portion of the cap 404, as described in more detail below.

[0125] The housing 402 also includes a housing sealing channel 424. The housing sealing channel 424 is disposed proximate the second end 422 of the filter system 400 and on an outer surface of the housing wall 406. The housing sealing channel 424 is configured to receive a first sealing member 426 (eg, an O-ring, a gasket, etc.).

[0126] The housing 402 also includes a housing radial flange 430. The housing radial flange 430 extends radially away from the housing wall 406. The housing radial flange 430 is configured to limit movement of the cover 404 relative to the housing 402, as described in more detail below.

[0127] The cover 404 includes a cover end wall 408. The cover 404 also includes a cover side wall 432 extending axially away from the cover end wall 408 and toward the housing 402. The cover side wall 432 includes a side wall sealing surface 416. The first sealing member 426 is configured to engage the side wall sealing surface 416 to form a seal between the cover 404 and the housing 402.

[0128] The cover sidewall 432 also includes one or more cover threads 418. Figure 6 In the embodiment shown in , the cover thread 418 is an internal thread disposed on the inner surface of the cover 404. In other embodiments, the cover thread 418 can be an external thread disposed on the outer surface of the cover 404. The cover thread 418 is configured to engage the housing thread 414, thereby coupling the cover 404 to the housing 402. When the cover 404 is coupled to the housing 402, the cover sidewall 432 can contact the housing radial flange 430, so that the housing radial flange 430 limits the movement of the cover 404 relative to the housing 402.

[0129] The cap 404 also includes an annular flange 434. The annular flange 434 extends axially away from the cap end wall 408 and toward the filter element 440. The annular flange 434 includes one or more cap flange threads 436. Figure 6 In the embodiment shown in , the cap flange threads 436 are internal threads disposed on the inner surface of the annular flange 434. In other embodiments, the cap flange threads 436 may be external threads disposed on the outer surface of the annular flange 434. The cap flange threads 436 are configured to engage a portion of the filter element 440, as described in more detail below.

[0130] The annular flange 434 also includes a flange sealing surface 437. As described below, a second sealing member 438 is configured to engage the flange sealing surface 437 and a portion of the filter element 440.

[0131] The filter element 440 is disposed within the interior volume 407 defined by the cover 404 and the housing 402. The filter element 440 includes a center tube 442, an outer tube 450, a first end plate 460, and a second end plate 480. When the filter element 440 is disposed within the interior volume 407, an outer chamber 428 is defined between the filter element 440 and the housing wall 406. The outer chamber 428 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 440. The outer chamber 428 is in fluid providing communication with the second port 412.

[0132] The center tube 442 is a substantially hollow tube that allows fluid to flow therethrough. The center tube 442 has a first end 444 proximate to the first end 421 of the filter system 400. The first end 444 of the center tube 442 is in fluid receiving communication with a first chamber 445. The first chamber 445 is defined between the first end plate 460 and the housing wall 406. The first chamber 445 is in fluid receiving communication with the first port 410. The center tube 442 has a second end 446 proximate to the second end 422 of the filter system 400, the second end 446 being opposite to the first end 444. The second end 446 of the center tube 442 is in fluid providing communication with a second chamber 447. The second chamber 447 is defined between the second end plate 480 and the cover 404. The second chamber 447 is in fluid receiving communication with the center tube 442.

[0133] The center tube 442 also includes an axial flange 448. The axial flange 448 extends (eg, in an axial direction) toward the cover 404 and contacts a portion of the second end plate 480, as described in more detail below.

[0134] The outer tube 450 is a substantially hollow tube. The outer tube 450 is disposed around the outside of the central tube 442 so that a chamber 459 is defined between the central tube 442 and the outer tube 450. More specifically, the chamber 459 is defined between the central tube 442, the outer tube 450, the first end plate 460, and the second end plate 480. The outer tube 450 includes a first outer wall 452 and a second outer wall 454. A gap is defined between the first outer wall 452 and the second outer wall 454. The outer tube 450 includes one or more ribs 458 extending across the gap between the first outer wall 452 and the second outer wall 454 so that the ribs 458 define one or more openings 456. In some embodiments, a mesh (not shown) is positioned on one or more openings 456. In some embodiments, the mesh is co-molded with the outer tube 450. In other embodiments, the filter element 440 does not include a mesh positioned on one or more openings 456. One or more openings 456 are in fluid communication with the outer chamber 428 .

[0135] The outer tube 450 includes a radial flange 490 that extends away from the second outer wall 454. The radial flange 490 is dimensioned to contact the annular flange 434, thereby preventing the filter element 440 from moving relative to the cover 404.

[0136] The outer tube 450 also includes an outer tube sealing channel 495. An outer tube sealing channel 498 is disposed proximate the second end 422 of the filter system 400 and on the outer surface of the second outer wall 454. The outer tube sealing channel 498 is configured to receive a sealing member 496 (e.g., an O-ring, a gasket, etc.). The sealing member 496 is configured to engage the outer tube sealing channel 495 and the flange sealing surface 437 to form a seal between the outer tube sealing channel 495 and the flange sealing surface 437.

[0137] The outer tube 450 also includes one or more outer tube threads 498. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the embodiment shown in FIG, the external pipe thread 498 is an external thread disposed on the outer surface of the second outer wall 454. In other embodiments, the external pipe thread 498 may be an internal thread disposed on the inner surface of the second outer wall 454. The external pipe thread 498 is configured to engage the cover flange thread 436, thereby coupling the filter element 440 to the cover 404.

[0138] In some embodiments, the first outer wall 452, the second outer wall 454, and the one or more ribs 458 are formed as a single integral component. In other embodiments, the first outer wall 452, the second outer wall 454, and the one or more ribs 458 are separate pieces, and the first outer wall 452 is coupled to the one or more ribs 458 and the second outer wall 454 is coupled to the one or more ribs (e.g., by an ultrasonic welding process or other suitable process).

[0139] The first end plate 460 is disposed proximate to the first end 421 of the filter system 400. The first end plate 460 is similar to the first end plate 421 of the filter system 400. Figure 2 The first end plate 160 described is substantially similar or identical. For example, the first end plate 460 includes a first end plate end wall 462 defining one or more first end plate outer openings 464. The first end plate outer openings 464 enable fluid communication between the first chamber 445 and the outer tube 450 (or more specifically, the chamber 459).

[0140] The first end plate 460 also includes a first end plate side wall 466. The first end plate side wall 466 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 462 and away from the second end plate 480. The first end plate side wall 466 extends around the periphery of the first end plate end wall 462. The first end plate 460 also includes a first end plate sealing channel 468, which is disposed on an outer surface of the first end plate side wall 466. The first end plate sealing channel 468 is configured to receive a first end plate sealing member 469 therein.

[0141] The first end plate 460 also includes a first outer mounting portion 470 defined by the first end plate end wall 462 and the first end plate side wall 466. The first outer mounting portion 470 is configured to receive a portion of the first outer wall 452 such that the first outer wall 452 is coupled to the first end plate 460.

[0142] The first end plate 460 also includes a first end plate center wall 472. The first end plate center wall 472 is disposed within an inner edge of the first end plate end wall 462. The first end plate center wall 472 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 462 and away from the second end plate 480. In some embodiments, the first end plate center wall 472 defines a first end plate center opening 476. The first end plate 460 is coupled to the center tube 442 such that the first end plate center opening 476 enables fluid communication between the first chamber 445 and the center tube 442.

[0143] In some embodiments, the filter screen 478 is positioned over one or more first end plate exterior openings 464. In some embodiments, the filter screen 478 is co-molded with the first end plate 460. In other embodiments, the first end plate 460 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more first end plate exterior openings 464.

[0144] The second end plate 480 is disposed proximate to the second end 422 of the filter system 400. The second end plate 480 includes a second end plate end wall 481. The second end plate end wall 481 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 482 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 447 and the outer tube 450, or more specifically, to achieve a fluid path defined between the central tube 442 and the outer tube 450 (e.g., chamber 459).

[0145] The second end plate 480 also includes a second end plate center wall 483. The second end plate center wall 483 is disposed within the inner edge of the second end plate end wall 481. The second end plate center wall 483 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 481 and away from the first end plate 460. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 483 includes a second inner mounting portion 484. The second inner mounting portion 484 is configured to receive a portion of the center tube 442 so that the center tube 442 is coupled to the second end plate 480. The second end plate center wall 483 defines a second end plate center opening 485, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 447 and the center tube 442.

[0146] The second end plate 480 also includes a second end plate sidewall 486. The second end plate sidewall 486 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 481 and away from the first end plate 460. The second end plate sidewall 486 extends around the periphery of the second end plate end wall 481. The second end plate 480 also includes a second end plate flange 487 extending radially away from the second end plate sidewall 486. The second end plate flange 487 extends between the cover 408 and a portion of the outer tube 450 (e.g., the axial flange 498).

[0147] The second end plate 480 also includes a second external mounting portion 488. The second end plate sidewall 486 and the second end plate flange 487 cooperate to define the second external mounting portion 488. The second external mounting portion 488 is configured to receive a portion of the second outer wall 454 such that the second outer wall 454 is coupled to the second end plate 480.

[0148] Second end plate 480 also includes ribs 489 extending radially away from second end plate central wall 483 and axially away from second end plate central opening 485 and toward cover end wall 408. Ribs 489 contact axial flange 448 of center tube 442, thereby preventing center tube 442 from moving relative to filter element 440.

[0149] In some embodiments, the filter screen 478 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 482. In some embodiments, the filter screen 478 is co-molded with the second end plate 480. In other embodiments, the second end plate 480 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 482.

[0150] The filter element 440 also includes a first resin bed 492. The first resin bed 492 is formed on the first outer wall 452 between the inner surface of the first outer wall 452 and the outer surface of the center tube 442. The first resin bed 492 extends between the first end plate 460 and the one or more openings 456. The first resin bed 492 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 450. More specifically, the first resin bed 492 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the first end plate 460 through the outer tube 450 and out of the one or more openings 456.

[0151] The filter element 440 also includes a second resin bed 494. The second resin bed 494 is formed on the second outer wall 454 between the inner surface of the second outer wall 454 and the outer surface of the center tube 442. The second resin bed 494 extends between the second end plate 480 and the one or more openings 456. The second resin bed 494 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 450. More specifically, the second resin bed 494 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the second end plate 480 through the outer tube 450 and out of the one or more openings 456.

[0152] One or more first end plate external openings 464 are configured to direct fluid from first chamber 445 toward first resin bed 492 in a first direction. One or more second end plate external openings 482 are configured to direct fluid from second chamber 447 toward second resin bed 494 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first resin bed 492 and the second resin bed 494 are formed as a single integral resin bed such that the filter element 440 includes a single continuous resin bed. In these embodiments, the "first resin bed" 492 refers to a first portion of the resin bed defined between the first end plate 460 and the one or more openings 456, and the "second resin bed" 494 refers to a second portion of the resin bed defined between the second end plate 480 and the one or more openings 456.

[0154] Reference now Figures 8 to 10 , multiple views of a filter system 500 are shown according to an example embodiment. The filter system 500 is configured to receive an ionized fluid (e.g., coolant, etc.), filter the fluid through a deionization process, and provide the deionized fluid to a downstream device, such as a fuel cell stack. The filter system 500 includes a first end cap 504, a second end cap 510, a center cap 514, and a filter element 540. It should be understood that the filter system 500 may include more than Figure 8-10 More or fewer components than those shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the first end cap 504, the second end cap 510, and the center cap 514 are permanently coupled to the filter element 540 (eg, by an ultrasonic welding process or other suitable process).

[0155] The first end cap 504 is disposed at the first end 521 of the filter system 500. The first end cap 504 includes a first end cap wall 506. The first end cap 504 also includes a first port 508 extending through the first end cap wall 506. Figures 8 to 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the first port 508 is configured as an inlet port. The first port 508 is in fluid receiving communication with an upstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). The first port 508 is in fluid providing communication with the filter element 540. As shown, the first port 508 extends in an axial direction.

[0156] The second end cap 510 is disposed at a second end 522 of the filter system 500, which is opposite to the first end 521 of the filter system 500. The second end cap 510 includes a second end cap wall 512.

[0157] The center cap 514 is disposed between the first end 521 and the second end 522. The center cap 514 includes an annular wall 516 extending around the filter element 540. The center cap 514 includes a second port 518 extending through the annular wall 516. The second port 518 is configured as an outlet port. The second port 518 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 540. The second port 518 is in fluid providing communication with a downstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). As shown, the second port 518 extends in a radial direction.

[0158] Filter element 540 includes a center tube 542, an outer tube 550, a first end plate 560, and a second end plate 580. A first chamber 545 is defined between filter element 540 and first end cap 504. A second chamber 547 is defined between filter element 540 and second end cap 510. A third chamber 526 is defined between center cap 514 and filter element 540.

[0159] The center tube 542 is a substantially hollow tube that allows fluid to flow therethrough. The center tube 542 has a first end 544 proximate the first end 521 of the filter system 500. The first end 544 of the center tube 542 is in fluid receiving communication with a first chamber 545. The first chamber 545 is defined between the first end plate 560 and the first end cap 504. The first chamber 545 is in fluid receiving communication with the first port 508. The center tube 542 has a second end 546 proximate the second end 522 of the filter system 500, the second end 546 being opposite the first end 544. The second end 546 of the center tube 542 is in fluid providing communication with a second chamber 547. The second chamber 547 is defined between the second end plate 580 and the second end cap 510. The second chamber 547 is in fluid receiving communication with the center tube 542.

[0160] The outer tube 550 is a substantially hollow tube. The outer tube 550 is disposed around the exterior of the central tube 542 such that a chamber 559 is defined between the central tube 542 and the outer tube 550. More specifically, the chamber 559 is defined between the central tube 542, the outer tube 550, the first end plate 560, and the second end plate 580. The outer tube 550 at least partially defines the outer surface of the filtration system 500.

[0161] The outer tube 550 includes a first outer wall 552 and a second outer wall 554. A gap is defined between the first outer wall 552 and the second outer wall 554. The outer tube 550 includes one or more ribs 558 that extend across the gap between the first outer wall 552 and the second outer wall 554, such that the ribs 558 define one or more openings 556. In some embodiments, a mesh (not shown) is positioned over the one or more openings 556. In some embodiments, the mesh is co-molded with the outer tube 550. In other embodiments, the filter element 540 does not include a mesh positioned over the one or more openings 556. The one or more openings 556 are in fluid communication with the third chamber 526.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first outer wall 552, the second outer wall 554, and the one or more ribs 558 are formed as a single integral component. In other embodiments, the first outer wall 552, the second outer wall 554, and the one or more ribs 558 are separate pieces, and the first outer wall 552 is coupled to the one or more ribs 558 and the second outer wall 554 is coupled to the one or more ribs (e.g., by an ultrasonic welding process or other suitable process).

[0163] The outer tube 550 includes a first flange 532 extending radially away from the first outer wall 552. The first flange 532 extends around the outer periphery of the outer tube 550 near one or more ribs 558. The outer tube 550 also includes a second flange 534 extending radially away from the second outer wall 554. The second flange 534 extends around the outer periphery of the outer tube 550 near one or more ribs 558. The center cap 514 is coupled to the filter element 540 at the first flange 532 and the second flange 534. More specifically, the center cap 514 is coupled to the outer surface (e.g., radial outer surface) of the first flange 532 and the outer surface (e.g., radial outer surface) of the second flange 534. When the center cap 514 is coupled to the first flange 532 and the second flange 534, the center cap 514, the first flange 532 and the second flange 534 cooperate to define the third chamber 526.

[0164] The outer tube 550 also includes one or more mounting portions 590. Figures 8 to 10 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the first mounting portion 590 extends around the exterior of the first outer wall 552, and the second mounting portion 590 extends around the exterior of the second outer wall 554. The one or more mounting portions are configured to enable the filtration system 500 to be coupled to a mounting surface (e.g., on a vehicle, on a frame, etc.).

[0165] The first end plate 560 is disposed proximate the first end 521 of the filter system 500. The first end plate 560 includes a first end plate end wall 562. The first end plate end wall 562 defines one or more first end plate outer openings 564 that enable fluid communication between the first chamber 545 and the outer tube 550 (or more specifically, the chamber 559). The first end plate 560 also includes a first end plate side wall 566. The first end plate side wall 566 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 562 and away from the second end plate 580. The first end plate side wall 566 extends around the periphery of the first end plate end wall 562. The first end plate side wall 566 extends between the first outer wall 552 and the first end cap wall 506.

[0166] The first end plate 560 also includes a first outer mounting portion 570 defined by the first end plate end wall 562 and the first end plate side wall 566. The first outer mounting portion 570 is configured to receive a portion of the first outer wall 552 such that the first outer wall 552 is coupled to the first end plate 560.

[0167] The first end plate 560 also includes a first end plate center wall 572. The first end plate center wall 572 is disposed within an inner edge of the first end plate end wall 562. The first end plate center wall 572 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 562 and away from the second end plate 580. The first end plate center wall 572 defines a first end plate center opening 576. The first end plate 560 is coupled to the center tube 542 such that the opening 576 enables fluid communication between the first chamber 545 and the center tube 542.

[0168] In some embodiments, the filter screen 578 is positioned over one or more first end plate exterior openings 564. In some embodiments, the filter screen 578 is co-molded with the first end plate 560. In other embodiments, the first end plate 560 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more first end plate exterior openings 564.

[0169] The second end plate 580 is disposed proximate to the second end 522 of the filter system 500. The second end plate 580 includes a second end plate end wall 581. The second end plate end wall 581 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 582 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 547 and the outer tube 550, or more specifically, implement a fluid path defined between the inner tube 542 and the outer tube 550 (e.g., chamber 559).

[0170] The second end plate 580 also includes a second end plate center wall 583. The second end plate center wall 583 is disposed within the inner edge of the second end plate end wall 581. The second end plate center wall 583 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 581 and away from the first end plate 560. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 583 includes a second inner mounting portion 584. The second inner mounting portion 584 is configured to receive a portion of the center tube 542 so that the center tube 542 is coupled to the second end plate 580. The second end plate center wall 583 defines a second end plate center opening 585, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 547 and the center tube 542.

[0171] The second end plate 580 also includes a second end plate sidewall 586. The second end plate sidewall 586 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 581 and away from the first end plate 560. The second end plate sidewall 586 extends around the periphery of the second end plate end wall 581. The second end plate 580 also includes a second end plate flange 587 extending radially away from the second end plate sidewall 586. The second end plate flange 587 extends between the second outer wall 554 and the second end cap wall 512.

[0172] The second end plate 580 also includes a second external mounting portion 588. The second end plate sidewall 586 and the second end plate flange 587 cooperate to define the second external mounting portion 588. The second external mounting portion 588 is configured to receive a portion of the second outer wall 554 such that the second outer wall 554 is coupled to the second end plate 580.

[0173] In some embodiments, the filter screen 578 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 582. In some embodiments, the filter screen 578 is co-molded with the second end plate 580. In other embodiments, the second end plate 580 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 582.

[0174] The filter element 540 also includes a first resin bed 592. The first resin bed 592 is formed on the first outer wall 552 between the inner surface of the first outer wall 552 and the outer surface of the center tube 542. The first resin bed 592 extends between the first end plate 560 and the one or more openings 556. The first resin bed 592 is configured to filter the fluid passing through the outer tube 550. More specifically, the first resin bed 592 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the first end plate 560 through the outer tube 550 and out of the one or more openings 556.

[0175] The filter element 540 also includes a second resin bed 594. The second resin bed 594 is formed on the second outer wall 554 between the inner surface of the second outer wall 554 and the outer surface of the central tube 542. The second resin bed 594 extends between the second end plate 580 and the one or more openings 556. The second resin bed 594 is configured to filter the fluid passing through the outer tube 550. More specifically, the second resin bed 594 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the second end plate 580 through the outer tube 550 and out of the one or more openings 556.

[0176] One or more first end plate external openings 564 are configured to direct fluid from first chamber 545 toward first resin bed 592 in a first direction. One or more second end plate external openings 582 are configured to direct fluid from second chamber 547 toward second resin bed 594 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first resin bed 592 and the second resin bed 594 are formed as a single integral resin bed such that the filter element 540 includes a single continuous resin bed. In these embodiments, the "first resin bed" 592 refers to a first portion of the resin bed defined between the first end plate 560 and the one or more openings 556, and the "second resin bed" 594 refers to a second portion of the resin bed defined between the second end plate 580 and the one or more openings 556.

[0178] Reference now Fig.11 and Fig.12 , a side view of a filter system 600 and a side cross-sectional view of the filter system 600 are shown according to an example embodiment. The filter system 600 is configured to receive an ionized fluid (e.g., a coolant, etc.), filter the fluid through a deionization process, and provide the deionized fluid to a downstream device, such as a fuel cell stack. As shown, the filter system 600 includes a housing 602, a cover 604, and a filter element 640. In some embodiments, the housing 602 and the filter element 640 cooperate to define a filter element. In other embodiments, the cover 604 and the filter element 640 cooperate to define a filter element. It should be understood that the filter system 600 may include more than Fig.11 and Fig.12 More or fewer components may be used than shown.

[0179] The housing 602 includes a housing wall 606. The housing wall 606 at least partially defines an interior volume 607. The housing 606 is configured to receive at least a portion of a filter element 640 therein such that the filter element 640 is at least partially contained within the interior volume 607. The housing 602 also includes a first port 610 and a second port 612. The first port 610 is disposed proximate to a first end 621 of the filter system 600. The second port 612 is disposed between the first end 621 of the filter system 600 and a second end 622 of the filter system 600, the second end 622 being opposite to the first end 621. Fig.11 and Fig.12 In the embodiment shown in, the first port 610 is configured as an inlet port. The first port 610 is in fluid receiving communication with an upstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.). The first port 610 is in fluid providing communication with a filter element 640. The second port 612 is configured as an outlet port. The second port 612 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 640. The second port 612 is in fluid providing communication with a downstream device (such as a pump, a fluid reservoir, etc.).

[0180] The housing 602 also includes one or more housing threads 614. Fig.12 In the embodiment shown in , the housing threads 614 are external threads disposed on the outer surface of the housing wall 606. In other embodiments, the housing threads 614 may be internal threads disposed on the inner surface of the housing wall 606. The housing threads 614 are configured to engage a portion of the cap 604, as described in more detail below.

[0181] The housing 602 also includes a housing sealing channel 624. The housing sealing channel 624 is disposed proximate the second end 622 of the filter system 600 and on an outer surface of the housing wall 606. The housing sealing channel 624 is configured to receive a first sealing member 626 (eg, an O-ring, a gasket, etc.).

[0182] The housing 602 also includes a housing radial flange 630. The housing radial flange 630 extends radially away from the housing wall 606. The housing radial flange 630 is configured to limit movement of the cover 604 relative to the housing 602, as described in more detail below.

[0183] The housing 602 includes a housing sealing surface 638. The housing sealing surface 638 is disposed on an inner surface of the housing wall 606 and faces the filter element 640. The housing sealing surface 638 is configured to engage a sealing member 658, as described in more detail below.

[0184] The cover 604 includes a cover end wall 608. The cover 604 also includes a cover side wall 632, which extends axially away from the cover end wall 608 and toward the housing 602. The cover side wall 632 includes a side wall sealing surface 616. The sealing member 626 is configured to engage the side wall sealing surface 616 to form a seal between the cover 604 and the housing 602. When the cover 604 is coupled to the housing 602, the sealing member 626 is compressed in the axial direction and the radial direction. The axial compression and radial compression of the sealing member 626 enable the cover 604 to be coupled to the housing 602 or detached from the housing 602 with less force.

[0185] The cover sidewall 632 also includes one or more cover threads 618. Fig.12 In the embodiment shown in , the cover thread 618 is an internal thread disposed on the inner surface of the cover 604. In other embodiments, the cover thread 618 can be an external thread disposed on the outer surface of the cover 604. The cover thread 618 is configured to engage the housing thread 614, thereby coupling the cover 604 to the housing 602. When the cover 604 is coupled to the housing 602, the cover sidewall 632 can contact the housing radial flange 630, so that the housing radial flange 630 limits the movement of the cover 604 relative to the housing 602.

[0186] The cover end wall 608 defines a cover end wall sealing surface 634. The cover end wall sealing surface 634 is disposed on a bottom surface of the cover end wall 608 and faces the filter element 640. The cover end wall sealing surface 634 is configured to engage a sealing member 636, as described in detail herein.

[0187] The filter element 640 is disposed within the interior volume 607 defined by the cover 604 and the housing 602. The filter element 640 includes a center tube 642, an outer tube 650, a first end plate 660, and a second end plate 680. When the filter element 640 is disposed within the interior volume 607, an outer chamber 628 is defined between the filter element 640 and the housing wall 606. The outer chamber 628 is in fluid receiving communication with the filter element 640. The outer chamber 628 is in fluid providing communication with the second port 612.

[0188] The center tube 642 is a substantially hollow tube that allows fluid to flow therethrough. The center tube 642 has a first end 644 proximate to the first end 621 of the filter system 600. The first end 644 of the center tube 642 is in fluid receiving communication with a first chamber 645. The first chamber 645 is defined between the first end plate 660 and the housing wall 606. The first chamber 645 is in fluid receiving communication with the first port 610. The center tube 642 has a second end 646 proximate to the second end 622 of the filter system 600, the second end 646 being opposite to the first end 644. The second end 646 of the center tube 642 is in fluid providing communication with a second chamber 647. The second chamber 647 is defined between the second end plate 680 and the cover 604. The second chamber 647 is in fluid receiving communication with the center tube 642.

[0189] The outer tube 650 is a substantially hollow tube. The outer tube 650 is disposed around the exterior of the central tube 642 such that a chamber 659 is defined between the central tube 642 and the outer tube 650. More specifically, the chamber 659 is defined between the central tube 642, the outer tube 650, the first end plate 660, and the second end plate 680. The outer tube 650 includes an outer wall 652. The outer tube 650 includes at least one opening 654. At least one opening 654 extends radially through the outer wall 652 so that a fluid can flow through the opening 654 in a radial direction. In some embodiments, a mesh (not shown) is positioned over at least one opening 654. In some embodiments, the mesh is co-molded with the outer tube 650. In other embodiments, the filter element 640 does not include a mesh positioned over at least one opening 654. At least one opening 654 is in fluid communication with the outer chamber 628.

[0190] The outer tube 650 includes a first outer tube sealing passage 656. The first outer tube sealing passage 656 is disposed on the outer surface of the outer wall 652 and faces the housing wall 606. The first outer tube sealing passage 656 is configured to receive a sealing member 658 (e.g., an O-ring, a gasket, etc.). The sealing member 658 is configured to engage the first outer tube sealing passage 656 and the housing sealing surface 638 to form a seal between the first outer tube sealing passage 656 and the housing sealing surface 638.

[0191] The outer tube 650 includes a radial flange 690. The radial flange 690 is disposed proximate the second end 622 of the filter system 600 and extends radially away from the outer wall 652. The radial flange 690 is sized to contact a top surface of the housing wall 606.

[0192] The outer tube 650 includes a second outer tube sealing passage 691. The second outer tube sealing passage 691 is disposed on the outer surface of the radial flange 690 and faces the cover end wall 608. The second outer tube sealing passage 691 is configured to receive a sealing member 636 (e.g., an O-ring, a gasket, etc.). The sealing member 636 is configured to engage the second outer tube sealing passage 691 and the cover end wall sealing surface 634 to form a seal between the second outer tube sealing passage 691 and the cover end wall sealing surface 634.

[0193] The first end plate 660 is disposed proximate to the first end 621 of the filter system 600. The first end plate 660 is similar to the first end plate 621 of the filter system 600. Figure 2 The first end plate 160 described is substantially similar or identical. For example, the first end plate 660 includes a first end plate end wall 662 that defines one or more first end plate outer openings 664. The first end plate outer openings 664 enable fluid communication between the first chamber 645 and the outer tube 650 (or more specifically, the chamber 659).

[0194] The first end plate 660 also includes a first end plate side wall 668. The first end plate side wall 668 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 662 and away from the second end plate 680. The first end plate side wall 668 extends around the periphery of the first end plate end wall 662.

[0195] The first end plate 660 also includes a first outer mounting portion 670 defined by the first end plate end wall 662 and the first end plate side wall 668. The first outer mounting portion 670 is configured to receive a portion of the first outer wall 652 such that the outer wall 652 is coupled to the first end plate 660.

[0196] The first end plate 660 also includes a first end plate center wall 672. The first end plate center wall 672 is disposed within an inner edge of the first end plate end wall 662. The first end plate center wall 672 extends axially away from the first end plate end wall 662 and away from the second end plate 680. In some embodiments, the first end plate center wall 672 defines a first end plate center opening 676. The first end plate 660 is coupled to the center tube 642 such that the first end plate center opening 676 enables fluid communication between the first chamber 645 and the center tube 642.

[0197] In some embodiments, the filter screen 678 is positioned over one or more first end plate outer openings 664. In some embodiments, the filter screen 678 is co-molded with the first end plate 660. In other embodiments, the first end plate 660 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more first end plate outer openings 664.

[0198] The second end plate 680 is disposed proximate to the second end 622 of the filter system 600. The second end plate 680 includes a second end plate end wall 681. The second end plate end wall 681 defines one or more second end plate outer openings 682 that enable fluid communication between the second chamber 647 and the outer tube 650, or more specifically, to achieve a fluid path defined between the central tube 642 and the outer tube 650 (e.g., chamber 659).

[0199] The second end plate 680 also includes a second end plate center wall 683. The second end plate center wall 683 is disposed within the inner edge of the second end plate end wall 681. The second end plate center wall 683 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 681 and away from the first end plate 660. In some embodiments, the second end plate center wall 683 includes a second inner mounting portion 684. The second inner mounting portion 684 is configured to receive a portion of the center tube 642 so that the center tube 642 is coupled to the second end plate 680. The second end plate center wall 683 defines a second end plate center opening 685, which is configured to enable fluid communication between the second chamber 647 and the center tube 642.

[0200] The second end plate 680 also includes a second end plate sidewall 686. The second end plate sidewall 686 extends axially away from the second end plate end wall 681 and away from the first end plate 660. The second end plate sidewall 686 extends around the periphery of the second end plate end wall 681. The second end plate 680 also includes a second end plate flange 687 extending radially away from the second end plate sidewall 686. The second end plate flange 687 extends between the cover 608 and a portion of the outer tube 650 (e.g., the radial flange 690).

[0201] The second end plate 680 also includes a second external mounting portion 688. The second end plate sidewall 686 and the second end plate flange 687 cooperate to define the second external mounting portion 688. The second external mounting portion 688 is configured to receive a portion of the outer wall 652 such that the outer wall 652 is coupled to the second end plate 680.

[0202] In some embodiments, the filter screen 678 is positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 682. In some embodiments, the filter screen 678 is co-molded with the second end plate 680. In other embodiments, the second end plate 680 does not include a filter screen positioned over one or more second end plate exterior openings 682.

[0203] The filter element 640 also includes a first resin bed 692. The first resin bed 692 is formed on the outer wall 652 between the inner surface of the outer wall 652 and the outer surface of the center tube 642. The first resin bed 692 extends between the first end plate 660 and the at least one opening 654. The first resin bed 692 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 650. More specifically, the first resin bed 692 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the first end plate 660 through the outer tube 650 and out of the at least one opening 654.

[0204] The filter element 640 also includes a second resin bed 694. The second resin bed 694 is formed on the outer wall 652 between the inner surface of the outer wall 652 and the outer surface of the center tube 642. The second resin bed 694 extends between the second end plate 680 and the at least one opening 654. The second resin bed 694 is configured to filter the fluid flowing through the outer tube 650. More specifically, the second resin bed 694 is configured to deionize the fluid flowing from the second end plate 680 through the outer tube 650 and out of the at least one opening 654.

[0205] The one or more first end plate external openings 664 are configured to direct fluid from the first chamber 645 toward the first resin bed 692 in a first direction. The one or more second end plate external openings 682 are configured to direct fluid from the second chamber 647 toward the second resin bed 694 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first resin bed 692 and the second resin bed 694 are formed as a single integral resin bed such that the filter element 640 includes a single continuous resin bed. In these embodiments, the "first resin bed" 692 refers to a first portion of the resin bed defined between the first end plate 660 and the one or more openings 656, and the "second resin bed" 694 refers to a second portion of the resin bed defined between the second end plate 680 and the one or more openings 656.

[0207] Reference now Figures 13 to 19 , according to various example embodiments, a method for Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11 Multiple views of filter elements in a filter system shown in FIG. Fig.13 is a perspective view of a filter element 1040 according to an example embodiment.

[0208] The filter element 1040 includes a central tube (not shown), an outer tube 1050, a first end plate 1060, and a second end plate 1080. The central tube, the outer tube 1050, the first end plate 1060, and the second end plate 1080 can be substantially similar or identical to the central tube, the outer tube, the first end plate, and / or the second end plate described above. For example, the outer tube 1050 includes one or more ribs 1058 defining one or more openings 1056.

[0209] The ratio of the outlet area of ​​the outer tube 1050 (e.g., one or more openings 1056) to the combined inlet area of ​​the resin bed (not shown), or more specifically the outer openings in the first end plate 1060 and / or the second end plate 1080, is between 25% and 75%, inclusive. Advantageously, the ratio of the outlet area to the inlet area can reduce bypass of the fluid and reduce the pressure drop across the resin bed.

[0210] The opening 1056 of the outer tube 1050 is spaced relative to the first end plate 1060 and / or the second end plate 1080 so that the height of the resin bed remains substantially constant as fluid flows through the filter element 1040. For example, the resin bed may expand or "rise" due to the flow of fluid therethrough. The resin bed may shrink due to a shrinkage effect. The ratio of a first distance defined between the opening 1056 and the first end plate 1060 or between the opening 1056 and the second end plate 1080 to a second distance between the first end plate 1060 and the second end plate 1080 may be between 30% and 70%, inclusive.

[0211] As described above, during operation, the resin bed is compressed by fluid flowing through the first end plate 1060 and the second end plate 1080. Compression of the resin bed advantageously reduces cavitation and / or bypassing.

[0212] It should be understood that the filter element 1040 can be used in any of the filtration systems described herein. For example, the filter element 1040 can be used as Fig.13 1040 may be modified for use in any of the filtration systems described herein.

[0213] Reference Figure 14 to Figure 15, multiple views of a filter element 740 are shown according to an example embodiment. The filter element 740 includes a center tube 742, an outer tube 750, a first end plate 760, and a second end plate 780. The center tube 742, the outer tube 750, the first end plate 760, and the second end plate 780 can be substantially similar or identical to the center tube, the outer tube, the first end plate, and / or the second end plate described above. For example, the outer tube 750 includes one or more ribs 758 that define one or more openings 756. The outer tube 750 is disposed around the exterior of the center tube 742 so that a chamber 759 is defined between the center tube 742 and the outer tube 750. More specifically, the chamber 759 is defined between the center tube 742, the outer tube 750, the first end plate 760, and the second end plate 780.

[0214] The central tube 742 includes a central tube wall 743. The central tube wall 743 includes a first tube portion 744 disposed at the first end 720 of the filter element 740. The central tube wall 743 includes a second tube portion 746 disposed at the second end 722 of the filter element 740, the second end 722 being opposite to the first end 720. The central tube 742 also includes a baffle 790 disposed between the first tube portion 744 and the second tube portion 746. The baffle 790 extends from an outer surface of the central tube wall 743 and toward the outer tube 750. More specifically, the baffle 790 extends toward the one or more openings 756 such that the baffle 790 contacts the ribs 758.

[0215] The baffle 790 divides the chamber 759 into a first chamber 792 defined between the first end plate 760 and the baffle 790 and a second chamber 794 defined between the second end plate 780 and the baffle 790. The baffle 790 guides the fluid flowing into the first chamber 792 and / or the fluid flowing into the second chamber 794 to flow out of the filter element 740 through the one or more openings 756.

[0216] It should be understood that the filter element 740 can be used in any of the filtration systems described herein. For example, the filter element 740 can be used as Fig.14 , and / or filter element 740 may be modified for use in any of the filtration systems described herein.

[0217] Reference Figure 16 to Figure 17 , according to an example embodiment, a method for Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11840 in a filtration system. The filter element 840 includes a center tube 842, an outer tube 850, a first end plate 860, and a second end plate 880. The center tube 842, the outer tube 850, the first end plate 860, and the second end plate 880 can be substantially similar or identical to the center tube, the outer tube, the first end plate, and / or the second end plate described above. For example, the outer tube 850 includes one or more ribs 858 that define one or more openings 856. The outer tube 850 is disposed around the exterior of the center tube 842 such that a chamber 859 is defined between the center tube 842 and the outer tube 850. More specifically, the chamber 859 is defined between the center tube 842, the outer tube 850, the first end plate 860, and the second end plate 880.

[0218] The central tube 842 includes a central tube wall 843. The central tube wall 843 includes a first tube portion 844 disposed at the first end 820 of the filter element 840. The central tube wall 843 includes a second tube portion 846 disposed at the second end 822 of the filter element 840, the second end 822 being opposite to the first end 820. The central tube 842 also includes a baffle 890 disposed between the first tube portion 844 and the second tube portion 846. The baffle 890 extends radially away from the outer surface of the central tube wall 843 and toward the outer tube 850. More specifically, the baffle 890 extends partially toward the one or more openings 856. The central tube 842 also includes one or more flanges 892 extending radially away from the baffle 890 and toward the one or more ribs 858. In some embodiments, the one or more flanges 892 may contact the one or more ribs 858. In other embodiments, one or more flanges 892 may extend between one or more ribs 858 (eg, within opening 856 ).

[0219] The baffle 890 at least partially divides the chamber 859 into a first chamber 892 defined between the first end plate 860 and the baffle 890 and a second chamber 894 defined between the second end plate 880 and the baffle 890. The baffle 890 guides the fluid flowing into the first chamber 892 and / or into the second chamber 894 to flow out of the filter element 840 through the one or more openings 856.

[0220] It should be understood that the filter element 840 can be used in any of the filtration systems described herein. For example, the filter element 840 can be used as Fig.16 The filter element 840 shown in FIG. 8 is used in any of the filtration systems described herein, and / or the filter element 840 can be modified for use in any of the filtration systems described herein.

[0221] Reference Figure 18 to Figure 19 , according to an example embodiment, a method for Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and / or Fig.11 940. The filter element 940 includes a center tube 942, an outer tube 950, a first end plate 960, and a second end plate 980. The center tube 942, the outer tube 950, the first end plate 960, and the second end plate 980 can be substantially similar or identical to the center tube, the outer tube, the first end plate, and / or the second end plate described above. For example, the outer tube 950 includes one or more ribs 958 that define one or more openings 956.

[0222] It should be understood that the filter element 940 can be used in any of the filtration systems described herein. For example, the filter element 940 can be used as Fig.18 Filter element 940 is shown for use in any of the filtration systems described herein, and / or may be modified for use in any of the filtration systems described herein.

[0223] Reference now Fig. 20 , shows a cross-sectional view of a filter housing 1000 that can be used with any of the filter elements described herein. The filter housing 1000 includes a housing 1002 and a cover 1004. The cover 1004 is coupled to the housing 1002. The housing 1002 includes a first port 1010 and a second port 1012. A pressure control device 1020 (also referred to herein as a "regulating plug") is at least partially positioned within the first port 1010.

[0224] Fig.21 is a top view of the pressure control device 1020, and Fig. 22 1020 is a side view of the pressure control device 1020. The pressure control device 1020 includes a head 1022 and a body 1024. The body 1024 extends into the first port 1010. The body 1024 includes one or more threads 1026 configured to threadably engage the threads 1011 of the first port 1010 so that the pressure control device 1020 is coupled to the first port 1010. The head 1022 and the body 1024 define an opening 1028 extending through the head 1022 and the body 1024. Fig.21 As shown, the opening 1028 has a hexagonal cross-section with a predetermined diameter 1030. It should be understood that the cross-sectional shape of the opening 1028 can be different. The predetermined diameter 1030 can be sized to change the pressure of the fluid flowing through the opening 1028. The opening 1028 enables fluid communication between the upstream side of the pressure control device 1020 and the downstream side of the pressure control device 1020. More specifically, the opening 1028 enables fluid to flow into the filter housing 1000 via the first port 1010.

[0225] In an example operating scenario, and using the filter system 100 as an example, a filter element 140 is provided in the filter system 100. A fluid (e.g., coolant) enters the filter system at an inlet (e.g., first port 110), and the fluid flows into a first chamber 145. At the first chamber 145, the fluid flow is split between two flow paths. The fluid flowing along the first flow path flows through the outer opening 164 of the first end plate 160, flows into the first resin bed 192, flows out of the filter element 140 through one or more openings 156, and flows out of the filter system 100 through the second port 112. The fluid flowing along the second flow path flows through the first end plate central opening 176, flows into the central tube 142, through the second end plate central opening 185, flows into the second chamber 147, through the outer opening 182 of the second end plate 180, flows into the second resin bed 194, flows out of the filter element 140 through one or more openings 156, and flows out of the filter system 100 through the second port 112.

[0226] The fluid flows in opposite directions through the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the fluid flows in an upward direction through the first resin bed 192, and the fluid flows in a downward direction through the second resin bed 194. Advantageously, by allowing the flow to flow in opposite directions through the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194, the fluid compresses the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194 toward each other. The compression of the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194 reduces the overall pressure drop across the filter element 140 for the same amount of resin as compared to a conventional axial flow cylindrical DI filter. In addition, the compression of the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194 increases the utilization of the first resin bed 192 and the second resin bed 194 by reducing bypass and reducing cavernous formation.

[0227] In another example operating scenario, fluid enters the filtration system 100 at the first port 110. The fluid is divided between the first flow path and the second flow path. The fluid flowing along the first flow path flows into the lower end of the element 140 near the first end plate 160. The fluid flowing along the first flow path travels from the first end of the element 140 to one or more openings 156 positioned on the outer tube 150 and between the first end plate 160 and the second end plate 180. The fluid flowing along the second flow path flows from the first end 144 to the second end 146 through the central tube 142. At the second end, the fluid flowing along the second flow path flows into the element 140 near the second end plate 180. The fluid flowing along the second flow path flows from the second end of the element 140 to one or more openings 156 positioned on the outer tube 150 and between the first end plate 160 and the second end plate 180. The fluid rejoins at or near (e.g., upstream or downstream) one or more openings 156. The fluid exits the filtration system 100 at the second port 112 .

[0228] In some embodiments, the length of the outer tube 150 is greater than the length of the center tube 142, so that the fluid flows between the first end plate 160 and the housing 102 near the first port 110 (e.g., at the first chamber 145). In addition, the fluid can flow between the second end plate 180 and the housing (e.g., at the second chamber 147).

[0229] In some embodiments, the length of the outer tube 150 plus the thickness of one or both of the first end plate 160 and the second end plate 180 is longer than the center tube 142 .

[0230] In some embodiments, fluid enters the filter element 140 in an axial direction (e.g., parallel to the center tube 142) near the first end plate 160 and near the second end plate 180 to enter the first resin bed 192 and / or the second resin bed 194. For example, the fluid enters the filtration system at the first port 110 and is split between the first flow path and the second flow path. The fluid flowing along the first flow path flows through the outer opening 164 of the first end plate 160 to enter the first resin bed. The fluid flowing along the second flow path flows through the first end plate central opening 176, through the center tube 142, through the second end plate central opening 185, and through the outer opening 182 of the second end plate 180 to enter the second resin bed 194.

[0231] In some embodiments, the fluid within the filtration system 100 is separated such that a first portion of the fluid enters the element 140 near the first end plate 160 in a radial direction (e.g., perpendicular to the center tube 142), and a second portion of the fluid enters the filter element near the second end plate 180 in a radial direction to enter the first resin bed 192 and / or the second resin bed 194.

[0232] In an exemplary embodiment, fluid enters the filtration system at the first port 110 and is split between a first flow path and a second flow path. Fluid flowing along the first flow path flows between the outer tube 150 and the housing 102 and through one or more openings in the outer tube 150 (e.g., one or more openings in the first outer wall 152 between the first end plate 160 and the one or more openings 156) to enter the first resin bed 192. In some embodiments, the first end plate 160 may include one or more openings extending through the first end plate side wall 166 to enable fluid to flow between the outer tube 150 and the housing 102. Fluid flowing along the second flow path flows through the first end plate central opening 176, through the central tube 142, through the second end plate central opening 185, through between the outer tube 150 and the housing 102, and through one or more openings in the outer tube 150 (e.g., one or more openings in the second outer wall 154 between the second end plate 180 and the one or more openings 156) to enter the second resin bed 194. In some embodiments, the second end plate 180 may include one or more openings extending through the second end plate sidewall 186 to enable fluid to flow between the outer tube 150 and the housing 102 .

[0233] In another example embodiment, fluid enters the filtration system at the first port 110, flows through the first end plate central opening 176, and flows into the center tube 142. The fluid is split between the first flow path and the second flow path. The fluid flowing along the first flow path flows through one or more openings in the center tube at the first end 144 to enter the first resin bed 192. The fluid flowing along the second flow path flows through one or more openings in the center tube at the second end 146 to enter the second resin bed 194.

[0234] It should be understood that the above-described method of filtering fluid can be used with any filtration system or filter element described herein. For example, when using filter element 740, when fluid enters first chamber 792, baffle plate guides fluid to flow out of filter element 740 via one or more openings 756. Similarly, when fluid enters second chamber 794, baffle plate 790 guides fluid to flow out of filter element 740 via one or more openings 756.

[0235] In another embodiment, when the filter element 840 is used, when the fluid enters the first chamber 892, the baffle guides the fluid to flow out of the filter element 840 through the one or more openings 856. Similarly, when the fluid enters the second chamber 894, the baffle 890 guides the fluid to flow out of the filter element 840 through the one or more openings 856.

[0236] In another example operating scenario, and using the filtration system 100 as an example, the filter element 140 is a replaceable component, and the housing 102 and / or the cover 104 can be reused. When the resin bed of the filter element 140 is fully utilized (e.g., the amount or concentration of ions in the resin bed is above a predetermined threshold), the filter element 140 can be replaced. The method of replacing the filter element 140 may include separating the cover 104 from the housing 102, removing the filter element 140 from the filtration system 100, inserting a new filter element 140, and engaging the cover 104 with the housing 102. In some embodiments, the housing 102 and the cover 104 are reused. In other embodiments, at least one of the housing 102 and / or the cover 104 is not reused, and is replaced with a new housing 102 and / or a new cover 104 (e.g., before engaging the cover 104 with the housing 102), respectively. It should be understood that the above-described method of replacing the filter element 140 can be used with any filtration system or filter element described herein.

[0237] It should be noted that the term "example," as used herein to describe various embodiments, is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representatives and / or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to imply that such embodiments are necessarily particular or excellent examples).

[0238] As used herein, the term "substantially" and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and acceptable usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the present disclosure belongs. The term "substantially" as used herein refers to ±10% of a referenced measurement, position, or dimension. It should be understood by those skilled in the art who review the present disclosure that these terms are intended to allow description of certain features described and claimed without limiting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or insignificant modifications or changes to the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention described in the appended claims.

[0239] As used herein, the terms "coupled," "attached," and the like refer to the connection of two members directly to one another. Such connection may be fixed (eg, permanent) or movable (eg, removable or releasable).

[0240] References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., "top," "bottom," "above," "below," etc.) are only used to describe the orientation of the various elements in the drawings. It should be noted that the orientation of the various elements may be different according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are considered to be included in the present disclosure.

[0241] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in the present disclosure, it will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art who consult the present disclosure that many modifications (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, various parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) are possible without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, an element shown as being integrally formed may be composed of a plurality of parts or elements, the position of the element may be reversed or otherwise changed, and the nature or quantity of discrete elements or positions may be altered or changed. According to alternative embodiments, the order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or reordered. Without departing from the scope of the concepts proposed herein, other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangements of various exemplary embodiments.

[0242] Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of any invention or content that may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that are peculiar to a particular embodiment of a particular invention. Certain features described in the context of a separate embodiment in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. In addition, although features may be described above as working in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, in some cases, one or more features from the claimed combination may be deleted from the combination, and the claimed combination may involve a sub-combination or a variant of a sub-combination.

Claims

1. A filtration system comprising: a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port; as well as A filter element is disposed in the housing, the filter element comprising: a first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber; a second end plate at least partially defining a second chamber; a center tube coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the center tube being in fluid receiving communication with the first chamber and in fluid providing communication with the second chamber; an outer tube disposed outside the central tube and coupled to the first and second end plates, the outer tube comprising one or more openings; and At least one resin bed is disposed between the outer tube and the center tube, the at least one resin bed being in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber.

2. The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein: The first end plate defines one or more first outer openings; and The second end plate defines one or more second outer openings.

3. The filtration system according to claim 2, wherein: A ratio of an outlet area of ​​the one or more openings to an inlet area of ​​the one or more first outer openings and the one or more second outer openings is between 0.25 and 0.75, inclusive. 4 . The filtration system of claim 2 , further comprising a filter screen positioned over the one or more first outer openings.

5. The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein: A ratio of a first distance between the first end plate and the one or more openings to a second distance between the first end plate and the second end plate is between 0.30 and 0.

70.

6. The filtration system according to claim 1 further includes a baffle, which extends from the central tube toward the outer tube, and the baffle at least partially divides the chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle, and the second chamber portion being defined between the second end plate and the baffle.

7. The filtration system according to claim 1 further includes a baffle, which extends from the central tube toward the outer tube, and the baffle extends between the central tube and the outer tube, so that the baffle divides the chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, and the first chamber portion is defined between the first end plate and the baffle.

8. The filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The outer tube comprises: first outer wall; a second outer wall, the first outer wall being spaced apart from the second outer wall such that a gap is defined between the first outer wall and the second outer wall; and One or more ribs extend across the gap between the first outer wall and the second outer wall such that the one or more ribs define the one or more openings.

9. The filtration system of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a regulating insert disposed within the inlet port, the regulating insert defining an opening that enables fluid to communicate into the filtration system via the inlet port.

10. A filter element comprising: a first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber; a second end plate at least partially defining a second chamber; a center tube coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the center tube being in fluid receiving communication with the first chamber and in fluid providing communication with the second chamber; an outer tube disposed outside the central tube and coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate, the outer tube comprising one or more openings; as well as At least one resin bed is disposed between the outer tube and the center tube, the at least one resin bed being in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber.

11. The filter element of claim 10, wherein: The first end plate defines one or more first outer openings; and The second end plate defines one or more second outer openings.

12. The filter element according to claim 11, wherein A ratio of an outlet area of ​​the one or more openings to an inlet area of ​​the one or more first outer openings and the one or more second outer openings is between 0.25 and 0.75, inclusive.

13. The filter element of claim 11, further comprising a filter screen positioned over the one or more first outer openings.

14. The filter element of claim 10, wherein: A ratio of a first distance between the first end plate and the one or more openings to a second distance between the first end plate and the second end plate is between 0.30 and 0.

70.

15. The filter element according to claim 10 further includes a baffle extending from the center tube toward the outer tube, the baffle at least partially dividing the chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, the first chamber portion being defined between the first end plate and the baffle, and the second chamber portion being defined between the second end plate and the baffle.

16. The filter element according to claim 10 further includes a baffle, which extends from the central tube toward the outer tube, and the baffle extends between the central tube and the outer tube, so that the baffle divides the chamber defined between the first end plate and the second end plate into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion, and the first chamber portion is defined between the first end plate and the baffle.

17. The filter element according to any one of claims 10 to 16, wherein The outer tube comprises: first outer wall; a second outer wall, the first outer wall being spaced apart from the second outer wall such that a gap is defined between the first outer wall and the second outer wall; and One or more ribs extend across the gap between the first outer wall and the second outer wall such that the one or more ribs define the one or more openings.

18. A method of filtering a fluid, the method comprising: allowing a fluid to enter a filter element, the filter element comprising a first end plate, the first end plate at least partially defining a first chamber, wherein the fluid flows into the first chamber; splitting a fluid between a first flow path defined by a first outer opening of the first end plate and a second flow path defined by a central opening of the first end plate, a central tube of the filter element, and a second outer opening of a second end plate of the filter element, wherein the central tube is coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate; and A fluid is passed through at least one resin bed in fluid receiving communication with one or both of the first outer opening of the first end plate and the second outer opening of the second end plate.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising passing fluid through one or more openings of an outer tube of the filter element, wherein The outer tube is coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: Fluid flowing along the first flow path passes through the at least one resin bed in a first direction; and Fluid flowing along the second flow path passes through the at least one resin bed in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

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