A highly efficient cleaning method for coal gangue used as ecological restoration matrix material

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gangue cleaning, and in particular to an efficient cleaning method for gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material, comprising: using ultrasonic waves to clean the gangue, starting a vibration device for the first time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1, stopping the vibration device when the turbidity change rate is less than th2 after the vibration device is turned on, starting the vibration device for the second time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, and ending the ultrasonic cleaning when the turbidity no longer changes; the time from the first start of the vibration device to the stop of the vibration is recorded as T, the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again is recorded as P, the number of times the vibration device is turned on is recorded as N, and the cleaning efficiency of the ultrasonic cleaning of the gangue is obtained; according to T, P and N, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted by adjusting parameters. The present invention makes the gangue cleaned more cleanly through the reasonable cooperation of ultrasonic waves and vibration devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue cleaning, and in particular to a high-efficiency cleaning method of coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material. Background Art

[0002] As an important raw material for ecological restoration matrix materials, coal gangue is a matrix material for ecological restoration and management. As a new material for ecological restoration, matrix materials specifically include base layer, sealing layer, and planting layer matrix materials. Coal gangue may contain residual coal, organic matter, heavy metals and other harmful substances. Cleaning (such as ultrasonic cleaning) can reduce the content of these potential pollutants and reduce harm to the environment and vegetation. The cleanliness requirements for coal gangue used as ecological restoration matrix materials are relatively high. However, when using ultrasonic cleaning, the ultrasonic cavitation effect may be uneven in the cleaning tank, resulting in inconsistent cleaning effects. Some parts of the coal gangue may not be completely cleaned. In addition, it is impossible to completely remove or quickly remove deep-seated pollutants and other dirt, which affects the cleaning effect and causes the cleanliness of the coal gangue to not meet the requirements. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for efficiently cleaning coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material.

[0004] The present invention provides a highly efficient cleaning method for coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material using the following technical scheme:

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficiently cleaning coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Divide the coal gangue into several batches for ultrasonic cleaning;

[0007] Use th1 and th2 to ultrasonically clean any batch of coal gangue, including:

[0008] Use ultrasound to clean any batch of coal gangue, obtain the turbidity change rate during the ultrasonic cleaning process, start the vibration device for the first time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1, obtain the turbidity change rate again after the vibration device is turned on, stop starting the vibration device when the turbidity change rate is less than th2, continue to obtain the turbidity change rate after stopping the vibration device, start the vibration device for the second time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, and so on, until the ultrasonic cleaning process ends when the turbidity no longer changes;

[0009] The time from the first start of the vibration device to the stop of the vibration device is recorded as T, the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again is recorded as P, the number of times the vibration device is turned on is recorded as N, and the cleaning efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning of coal gangue is obtained;

[0010] According to T, P and N, and using the adjustment parameters, the sizes of th1 and th2 are adjusted;

[0011] Using the adjusted th1 and th2, the next batch of gangue of any batch of coal is ultrasonically cleaned; and the cleaning of all batches of gangue is completed;

[0012] After the ultrasonic cleaning of the next batch of coal gangue is completed, the method includes: obtaining the difference between the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, and when the difference is less than 0, correcting the adjustment parameter according to the difference; when the difference is greater than or equal to 0, the adjustment parameter remains unchanged; and then adjusting the size of th1 and th2 again according to T, P and N when the next batch of coal gangue is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and using the corrected adjustment parameter.

[0013] Preferably, the method of obtaining the turbidity change rate during ultrasonic cleaning comprises the following specific steps:

[0014] The turbidity at all times during the ultrasonic cleaning process constitutes a turbidity change sequence, and the turbidity change sequence is Gaussian filtered to obtain a filtered sequence; for any time t in the turbidity change sequence, the turbidity at time t in the filtered sequence is recorded as f(t), the previous time before time t is recorded as t-1, and the turbidity at time t-1 is recorded as f(t-1), and the turbidity change rate at time t is obtained according to the difference between f(t) and f(t-1).

[0015] Preferably, the method of obtaining the turbidity change rate at time t according to the difference between f(t) and f(t-1) comprises the following specific steps:

[0016] Let f(t)-f(t-1) be the rate of change of initial turbidity at time t;

[0017] The moment when the initial turbidity change rate is 0 is recorded as the segmentation point. All segmentation points divide the turbidity change sequence into several subsequences. The subsequence belonging to the moment t is obtained. In the subsequence belonging to the moment t, the maximum value of the initial turbidity change rate is obtained, recorded as fm1, and the ratio of the initial turbidity change rate at the moment t to fm1+1 is recorded as the turbidity change rate at the moment t.

[0018] Preferably, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted according to T, P and N and by using adjustment parameters, including the following specific steps:

[0019] The time from the start of ultrasonic cleaning to the first start of the vibration device is recorded as T1, and t=T / T1; the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 is recorded as P1, and q=(P-P1) / (P1+1); n=N / N0, N0 is a preset value, and the ultrasonic cleaning process is also terminated when the number of times the vibration device is turned on is greater than N0;

[0020] Let (q, t, n) be the cleaning characteristics when any batch of coal gangue is ultrasonically cleaned using th1 and th2;

[0021] The adjusted values ​​of th1 and th2 are denoted as R1 and R2; let R1=(1+M1)×n / (w+1)×th1, R2=(1+M2)×n / (w+1)×th2; where w=q / t, M1 and M2 represent adjustment parameters.

[0022] Preferably, the specific calculation method of the adjustment parameter is as follows:

[0023] The adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are obtained according to the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n) and the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2, wherein the initial values ​​of the mapping coefficients of M1 or M2 are preset.

[0024] Preferably, the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are obtained according to the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n) and the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2, and the specific steps include the following:

[0025] M1=a1×q+b1×t+c1×n, M2=a2×q+b2×t+c2×n; among them, (a1, b1, c1) are the mapping coefficients of M1; (a2, b2, c2) are the mapping coefficients of M2.

[0026] Preferably, the step of correcting the adjustment parameter according to the difference comprises the following specific steps:

[0027] When the difference is greater than or equal to 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of coal gangue is recorded as a positive sample reference cleaning process; when the difference is less than 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of coal gangue is recorded as a negative sample reference cleaning process;

[0028] The mapping coefficient of M1 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process is recorded as m1, the average of the mapping coefficients of M1 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is recorded as m2, the difference is recorded as x, and the corrected mapping coefficient of M1 is: x×m2+(1-x)×m1;

[0029] The mapping coefficient of M2 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process is recorded as k1, and the average of the mapping coefficients of M2 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is recorded as k2. The corrected mapping coefficient of M2 is: x×k2+(1-x)×k1;

[0030] The adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are obtained according to the cleaning characteristics of the next batch of coal gangue during the ultrasonic cleaning process and the mapping coefficients after the correction of M1 and M2.

[0031] Preferably, the step of obtaining the difference between the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning comprises the following specific steps:

[0032] The cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning is recorded as y1, the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning is recorded as y2, and (y1-y2) / (y1+y2) is recorded as the difference.

[0033] Preferably, the ultrasonic cleaning process is terminated when the turbidity no longer changes, and the specific steps included are as follows:

[0034] The latest several moments including the current moment are obtained, and when the average of the turbidity change rates of the latest several moments is equal to 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process is terminated.

[0035] Preferably, a plurality of turbidity sensors are installed on the side wall of the ultrasonic freshening pool, and the average of the values ​​output by all turbidity sensors is recorded as the turbidity.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0037] The present invention uses ultrasonic waves to clean any batch of coal gangue. When the turbidity change rate is less than th1, the vibration device is turned on for the first time. When the turbidity change rate is less than th2, the vibration device is stopped. After the vibration device is stopped, when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, the vibration device is turned on for the second time. This is repeated until the turbidity no longer changes, and the ultrasonic cleaning process is terminated. The present invention improves the cleaning effect of ultrasonic waves with the assistance of the vibration device.

[0038] After cleaning each batch of gangue, th1 and th2 are adjusted by using T, P and N, and the adjustment parameters are used to describe the situation of ultrasound with the assistance of vibration equipment. And when the next batch of gangue is cleaned, the start and stop timing of the vibration equipment are as appropriate as possible, so that the dirt of the gangue can be removed as cleanly as possible by ultrasound, while avoiding excessive energy consumption or low working efficiency of the vibration equipment. Furthermore, the present invention corrects the adjustment parameters according to the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of gangue, so that the cleaning efficiency gradually increases with the cleaning of each batch of gangue, and then the ultrasound and vibration equipment cooperate with each other to efficiently clean the gangue. Compared with the use of ultrasonic cleaning alone, or compared with the simple cooperation of ultrasound and vibration equipment, the present invention makes the gangue cleaned more cleanly by making the ultrasound and vibration equipment cooperate as reasonably as possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps of a method for efficiently cleaning coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material provided by one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following is a detailed description of the specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects of the efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for an ecological restoration matrix material proposed by the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0042] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0043] The specific scheme of the efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for ecological restoration matrix material provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] See also Figure 1, which shows a flow chart of steps of an efficient cleaning method for coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step S001, dividing the coal gangue into several batches for ultrasonic cleaning; using ultrasonic cleaning to clean any batch of coal gangue, and obtaining the turbidity change rate during the ultrasonic cleaning process.

[0046] First, the mined coal gangue raw materials are preliminarily crushed and hydraulically cleaned: the coal gangue is placed in a water flow trough or mixing pool, and washed and stirred by water to remove dust, dirt and other impurities attached to the surface.

[0047] The cleaned gangue is screened multiple times through a sieve to screen out gangue with particles that are too large or too small, and to obtain gangue with appropriate particle size. The surface of these gangues still has dirt that is insoluble in water adsorbed on it. These dirt may include harmful substances such as coal, organic matter, and heavy metals, and need to be further cleaned. These gangues are used as the gangue that needs to be further cleaned later. The screening method of gangue is well known, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0048] This embodiment uses ultrasonic cleaning technology to further clean the gangue. Since the weight of the gangue that can be cleaned each time by ultrasonic cleaning technology is limited, the gangue needs to be divided into several batches for ultrasonic cleaning respectively.

[0049] Each batch of coal gangue is placed in the cleaning pool and leveled. In this embodiment, each batch of coal gangue can fill 80% of the cleaning pool. The cleaning pool is filled with clean water. In other embodiments, a cleaning agent can be added to the water, for example, baking soda is used as the cleaning agent to provide an alkaline environment for the water.

[0050] An ultrasonic generator is installed in the cleaning pool. The ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator can further clean the gangue. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic frequency is 20KHz. In addition, several (for example, 4) turbidity sensors are installed on the side walls of the cleaning pool to detect the turbidity of the water in the cleaning pool. The greater the turbidity, the more dirt is cleaned. In other embodiments, air can be blown into the bottom of the cleaning pool. On the one hand, it makes it easier for dirt to separate from the surface of the gangue, and on the other hand, the water can be stirred to make the turbidity of the water more uniform. In this embodiment, each turbidity sensor outputs a turbidity value every second, and the average of the turbidity values ​​output by all turbidity sensors at each moment (that is, every second) is used as the turbidity during the ultrasonic cleaning process.

[0051] As ultrasonic cleaning proceeds, the turbidity at all times constitutes a turbidity change sequence; the turbidity change rate at each moment is obtained according to the turbidity change sequence. The larger the turbidity change rate, the faster the dirt washed away in the cleaning pool changes, and the smaller the turbidity change rate, the slower the dirt washed away in the cleaning pool changes. When the turbidity change rate is equal to 0, it means that the amount of dirt in the cleaning pool is no longer increasing.

[0052] As an example, obtaining the turbidity change rate at each moment according to the turbidity change sequence includes the following steps:

[0053] The turbidity change sequence is subjected to Gaussian filtering to obtain a filter sequence. The length of the Gaussian filter kernel used in this embodiment is 9. Other embodiments may use Gaussian filter kernels of other lengths, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0054] For any time t in the turbidity change sequence, the turbidity at time t in the filter sequence is recorded as f(t), the previous time t is recorded as t-1, the turbidity at time t-1 is recorded as f(t-1), and f(t)-f(t-1) is recorded as the turbidity change rate at time t.

[0055] If f(t)-f(t-1) is less than 0, the turbidity change rate at time t is set to 0.

[0056] As another example, obtaining the turbidity change rate at each moment according to the turbidity change sequence includes the following steps:

[0057] Let f(t)-f(t-1) be recorded as the initial turbidity change rate at time t, the maximum value of the initial turbidity change rate at all times in the turbidity change sequence be recorded as fm, and the ratio of the initial turbidity change rate at time t to fm be recorded as the turbidity change rate at time t.

[0058] As a preferred example, obtaining the turbidity change rate at each moment according to the turbidity change sequence includes the following steps:

[0059] Let f(t)-f(t-1) be recorded as the initial turbidity change rate at time t, and the moment when the initial turbidity change rate is 0 is recorded as the segmentation point. All the segmentation points divide the turbidity change sequence into several subsequences, obtain the subsequence to which time t belongs, and in the subsequence to which time t belongs, obtain the maximum value of the initial turbidity change rate, which is recorded as fm1. The ratio of the initial turbidity change rate at time t to fm1+1 is recorded as the turbidity change rate at time t. The turbidity change rate in this example describes the relative change of turbidity per second in a local time (that is, within a subsequence). Among them, fm1+1 is to prevent the denominator from being zero; in other embodiments, 1 can be replaced by other values, such as 0.1, and the denominator can be added with a positive number greater than 0 to avoid the denominator being zero. This is a conventional technical means, and the specific principle will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0060] It should be noted that when the length of a subsequence is less than 2, the subsequence is merged into the previous subsequence. If there is no previous subsequence, the subsequence is merged into the next subsequence.

[0061] Step S002, when the turbidity change rate is less than th1, the vibration device is turned on for the first time, and the turbidity change rate is obtained again after the vibration device is turned on. When the turbidity change rate is less than th2, the vibration device is stopped, and the turbidity change rate is continued to be obtained after the vibration device is stopped. When the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, the vibration device is turned on for the second time, and so on, until the turbidity no longer changes, the ultrasonic cleaning process is ended.

[0062] This embodiment takes into account that the ultrasonic cavitation effect may be uneven in the cleaning tank when using ultrasonic cleaning, resulting in inconsistent cleaning effects, and some parts of the gangue may not be completely cleaned. In addition, deep-seated pollutants cannot be completely removed or quickly removed, which affects the cleaning effect and causes the cleanliness of the gangue to fail to meet the requirements. Therefore, this embodiment installs a vibration device at the bottom of the cleaning tank. When the vibration device is started, it will drive the gangue in the cleaning tank to perform high-frequency mechanical vibration. In this embodiment, the mechanical vibration frequency is 25 Hz and the amplitude is 0.5 cm. Other vibration frequencies and amplitudes can be used in other embodiments.

[0063] Given two thresholds th1 and th2, the initial values ​​of the two thresholds are set to 0 and 0.5 respectively.

[0064] When the turbidity change rate is less than th1, it means that the dirt washed away in the cleaning tank changes slowly, that is, the ultrasonic cleaning technology cannot further clean the coal gangue. At this time, the vibration equipment is turned on for the first time. While turning on the vibration equipment for the first time, the turbidity at each moment and the turbidity change rate at each moment are continued to be obtained.

[0065] When the turbidity change rate is less than th2, the vibration device is stopped (that is, the vibration device is stopped for the first time). After stopping the vibration device, the turbidity change rate at each moment is continuously acquired. When the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, the vibration device is started for the second time, and then the turbidity change rate at each moment is continuously acquired. When the turbidity change rate is less than th2 again, the vibration device is stopped for the second time. And so on, ultrasonic cleaning is terminated when the turbidity no longer changes, or when the number of vibration device startups is greater than N0. This embodiment is described by taking N0=10 as an example. In other embodiments, N0 can be set to other values, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0066] As a preferred example, the method for judging whether the turbidity no longer changes is:

[0067] The last 10 moments including the current moment are obtained. When the average of the turbidity change rates of the last 10 moments is equal to 0, it indicates that the turbidity at the current moment does not change. In other embodiments, the last 10 moments may be set to other recent moments, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0068] When the turbidity change rate is less than th1 (the initial value of th1 is 0) in the above process, it means that as the ultrasonic cleaning process proceeds, the turbidity of the water in the cleaning tank no longer increases, further indicating that the ultrasonic wave cannot further clean the gangue. At this time, by starting the vibration device (that is, starting the vibration device for the first time), the surface of the gangue is directed to other positions through vibration, and the dirt deep in the gangue is vibrated out, so that the ultrasonic wave can further clean the gangue. After starting the vibration device, more dirt can be cleaned under the joint action of the vibration device and the ultrasonic wave, and the turbidity in the cleaning tank will gradually increase. When the turbidity change rate is less than th2 (the initial value of th2 is 0.5), the vibration device is stopped. The purpose is: on the one hand, after the vibration device is continuously started for a certain period of time, the vibration effect of the vibration device is no longer obvious. On the other hand, the vibration device needs to consume a large amount of power, especially when the weight of the gangue in the cleaning tank is large. Therefore, after starting the vibration equipment, when the turbidity increases to a certain level (that is, the turbidity gradually increases until the turbidity change rate is less than th2), stopping the vibration equipment can ensure the efficiency of the cleaning process.

[0069] Step S003, the time from the first start of the vibration equipment to the stop of the vibration equipment is recorded as T, the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again is recorded as P, the number of times the vibration equipment is turned on is recorded as N, and the cleaning efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning of coal gangue is obtained; according to T, P and N, and using the adjustment parameters, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted.

[0070] The time T from the first start of the vibration device to the first stop of the vibration device is recorded as T1. Let t=T / T1, the larger t is, the longer the duration of the mechanical vibration is.

[0071] The turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 (that is, when the vibration is turned on for the first time) is recorded as P1; the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again (that is, when the vibration is turned on for the second time) is recorded as P. Let q = (P-P1) / (P1 + 1), in this formula, the denominator is added by one to avoid the denominator being equal to 0; q represents the relative difference between P2 and P1. The greater the difference, the more obvious the increase in turbidity caused by mechanical vibration. This further shows that when ultrasound cannot completely clean the gangue, the auxiliary effect of the mechanical vibration of the vibration equipment is more obvious, which also indirectly shows that the cleaning effect of gangue cleaning is poor when relying solely on ultrasound.

[0072] In this embodiment, w=q / t is used to represent the cleaning effectiveness of mechanical vibration.

[0073] In this embodiment, the above q, t, and n describe the cleaning of coal gangue with the assistance of vibration equipment during the ultrasonic cleaning process in step S002. (q, t, n) is recorded as the cleaning characteristics when ultrasonic cleaning is performed on any batch of coal gangue using th1 and th2.

[0074] In step S002, from the start of ultrasonic cleaning to the end of ultrasonic cleaning (recorded as a complete ultrasonic cleaning process), the vibration device is started and stopped many times, and the number of starts is recorded as N, and n=N / N0. The larger n is, the more times the vibration device and ultrasonic wave need to cooperate to clean the gangue. On the one hand, it shows that the auxiliary cleaning effect of the vibration device is poor, and on the other hand, it shows that the ultrasonic wave has insufficient cleaning ability for the gangue. The smaller N is, it means that with the assistance of the vibration device, the ultrasonic wave can efficiently clean the gangue.

[0075] This embodiment adjusts the size of th1 and th2 according to T, P and N, and uses preset adjustment parameters. The purpose is to take into account that th1 and th2 determine the start and stop timing of the vibration device, and also determine the start time of the vibration device. If the start and stop timing of the vibration device are not appropriate, or the start time of the vibration device is not appropriate, it will affect the cleaning time of the entire ultrasonic cleaning process. For example, if th1 is set too large, it will cause the vibration device to be turned on in advance. When only relying on ultrasound can quickly clean dirt (that is, when the turbidity change rate is large), if the vibration device is turned on (that is, the vibration device is turned on in advance), the auxiliary effect of mechanical vibration will not be obvious, and even the growth trend of turbidity will be slowed down. If th1 is set too small, or the vibration device is not turned on in time, the entire ultrasonic cleaning process will take a long time, affecting the cleaning of subsequent batches of coal gangue.

[0076] During the ultrasonic cleaning process, the deformation of turbidity is determined by the dirt of the gangue, such as the adsorption of dirt on the surface and in the gaps of the gangue. The formation process of this dirt is complex and is closely related to the formation, accumulation and external environment of the gangue. For example, clay minerals, silicates, carbonates, and sulfide deposition are formed. For example, mine water and groundwater will corrode the gangue, bringing in various dissolved substances, microorganisms and organic pollutants. These water molecules penetrate into the internal pores of the gangue, thereby forming dirt. On the other hand, the deformation of turbidity also depends on the ultrasonic cleaning ability of these dirt. This embodiment adjusts the size of th1 and th2 so that the timing of starting or stopping the vibration device is appropriate, so that the dirt is quickly cleaned (that is, the turbidity needs to quickly reach the maximum value to ensure a high cleaning efficiency).

[0077] As an example, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted, including the following methods:

[0078] In this embodiment, the modified values ​​of th1 and th2 are recorded as R1 and R2;

[0079] Let R1 = (1 + M1) × n / (w + 1) × th1, R2 = (1 + M2) × n / (w + 1) × th2;

[0080] It should be noted that when the value of R1 or R2 is less than 0, R1 or R2 is set to 0, and when the value of R1 or R2 is greater than 1, R1 or R2 is set to 1.

[0081] For n / (w+1) in the formula, the larger w is, the greater the cleaning effectiveness of mechanical vibration is, indicating that the ultrasonic cleaning process in step S002 is more appropriate, and the adjustment range of th1 and th2 is smaller at this time; the larger n is, the longer the duration of mechanical vibration is, the longer it takes for ultrasonic waves to quickly clean the dirt at one time, and the size of th1 and th2 needs to be changed significantly at this time. The purpose of w+1 is to avoid the denominator in n / (w+1) being 0.

[0082] M1 and M2 represent adjustment parameters, which are used to control th1 and th2 to increase or decrease, that is, they determine whether to start or shut down the vibration device in advance, or to delay the start or shut down of the vibration device.

[0083] M1 and M2 are determined by the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n).

[0084] As an example, let M1 = a1 × q + b1 × t + c1 × n, M2 = a2 × q + b2 × t + c2 × n, that is, M1 and M2 are regarded as linear combinations of cleaning features (q, t, n), and the calculation process is simple. (a1, b1, c1) is used as the mapping coefficient of M1, and (a2, b2, c2) is used as the mapping coefficient of M2. The initial values ​​of (a1, b1, c1) and (a2, b2, c2) are (1 / 3, 1 / 3, 1 / 3). Other embodiments can randomly select values ​​in the interval (-1, 1) as the initial values ​​of a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, and c2.

[0085] In other embodiments, the above-mentioned linear combination can be replaced by a nonlinear combination, for example, let M1=f1(q, t, n), M2=f2(q, t, n), f1 and f2 represent polynomial functions, such as quintic polynomial functions, and the coefficients of the quintic polynomial function are regarded as the mapping coefficients of M1 or M2.

[0086] In some other embodiments, f1 and f2 may be represented by other nonlinear models, such as Gaussian mixture models or fully connected neural network models. If a fully connected neural network model is used, its input is q, t, and n. For example, there are three hidden layers, each with two neurons. The coefficients of the fully connected neural network model are regarded as the mapping coefficients of M1 or M2.

[0087] Step S004: Use the adjusted th1 and th2 to perform ultrasonic cleaning on the next batch of coal gangue of any batch of coal.

[0088] The next batch of gangue of any batch of coal is ultrasonically cleaned by using the adjusted th1 and th2, and the process is the same as step S002, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment. After the next batch of gangue is ultrasonically cleaned, the time T from the first start of the vibration device to the stop of the vibration device, the turbidity P when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, and the number of times the vibration device is turned on N can also be obtained for the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of gangue.

[0089] Step S005, obtaining the difference between the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue during ultrasonic cleaning and the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue during ultrasonic cleaning, and when the difference is less than 0, correcting the adjustment parameter according to the difference; when the difference is greater than or equal to 0, the adjustment parameter remains unchanged.

[0090] For any batch of coal gangue, when ultrasonic cleaning is finished, the turbidity of the cleaning tank is recorded as the final turbidity, the time used for a complete ultrasonic cleaning process is recorded as the ultrasonic cleaning time, and the ratio of the final turbidity to the ultrasonic cleaning time is recorded as the cleaning efficiency.

[0091] The cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue during ultrasonic cleaning in step S004 is recorded as y1, the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue during ultrasonic cleaning in step S002 is recorded as y2, and (y1-y2) / (y1+y2) is recorded as the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of coal gangue.

[0092] When the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of coal gangue is greater than or equal to 0, it means that by modifying the start and stop timing of the vibration equipment (that is, by adjusting the size of th1 and th2), the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue during ultrasonic cleaning is improved. At this time, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of coal gangue described in step S004 is recorded as the positive sample reference cleaning process.

[0093] When the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of gangue is less than 0, it indicates that the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of gangue during ultrasonic cleaning has decreased. At this time, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of gangue described in step S004 is recorded as a negative sample reference cleaning process.

[0094] When the cleaning efficiency decreases (that is, when a negative sample reference cleaning process occurs), the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 need to be corrected.

[0095] When the cleaning efficiency does not decrease (that is, when a positive sample reference cleaning process occurs), the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are kept unchanged.

[0096] As a preferred example, the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are modified by the following method:

[0097] If only two batches of coal gangue are cleaned, the setting method of adjustment parameters M1 and M2 in the ultrasonic cleaning process of the two batches of coal gangue is the same.

[0098] If more than two batches of gangue have been cleaned, obtain all positive sample reference cleaning processes in the historical cleaning process. Each positive sample reference cleaning process includes adjustment parameters M1 and M2. The mapping coefficient of M1 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process (that is, the ultrasonic cleaning process described in step S004) is recorded as m1, and the average mapping coefficient of M1 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is m2. Then the corrected mapping coefficient of M1 is: x×m2+(1-x)×m1, where x represents the absolute value of the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of gangue. The larger the absolute value of the difference in cleaning efficiency, the more attention is paid to the average mapping coefficient of M1 in the positive sample reference cleaning process. The smaller the absolute value of the difference in cleaning efficiency, the more attention is paid to the average mapping coefficient of M1 in the negative sample reference cleaning process.

[0099] Similarly, the mapping coefficient of M2 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process (i.e., the ultrasonic cleaning process described in step S004) is recorded as k1, and the average value of the mapping coefficient of M2 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is k2. Then the corrected mapping coefficient of M2 is: x×k2+(1-x)×k1.

[0100] After obtaining the corrected mapping coefficients of M1 and M2, the values ​​of M1 and M2 are obtained using the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n) in the next ultrasonic cleaning process described in step S004.

[0101] As an optional example, the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are modified, including the following method:

[0102] For the most recently occurring negative sample reference cleaning process, the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2 in the previous ultrasonic cleaning process of the negative sample reference cleaning process are used as m2 and k2 respectively, and then the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are corrected according to the above preferred example.

[0103] When there is no positive sample reference cleaning process, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the first batch of coal gangue is used as the positive sample reference cleaning process.

[0104] Step S006: clean up the remaining batches of coal gangue by adjusting the parameters.

[0105] To summarize, the first batch of coal gangue is ultrasonically cleaned using the initial values ​​of th1 and th2. After the ultrasonic cleaning process of the first batch of coal gangue is completed, T, P and N are obtained. According to T, P and N (or q, t, n), and using the adjustment parameters, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted.

[0106] Then, the second batch of coal gangue is ultrasonically cleaned using the adjusted th1 and th2. After the ultrasonic cleaning process of the second batch of coal gangue is completed, T, P and N are obtained; the cleaning efficiency difference between the second batch of coal gangue and the first batch of coal gangue is obtained, and the adjustment parameters are corrected according to the cleaning efficiency difference. Then, according to T, P and N, and using the corrected adjustment parameters, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted.

[0107] Next, the third batch of coal gangue is ultrasonically cleaned using the adjusted th1 and th2. After the ultrasonic cleaning process of the third batch of coal gangue is completed, T, P and N are obtained; the cleaning efficiency difference between the third batch of coal gangue and the second batch of coal gangue is obtained, and the adjustment parameters are corrected according to the cleaning efficiency difference, and then the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted according to T, P and N and using the corrected adjustment parameters.

[0108] And so on, until all batches of gangue are cleaned.

[0109] In this embodiment, after cleaning each batch of gangue, th1 and th2 are adjusted by adjusting parameters through T, P and N, so that when the next batch of gangue is cleaned, the start and stop timing of the vibration equipment are as appropriate as possible, so that the dirt of the gangue can be removed as cleanly as possible by ultrasound, while avoiding excessive energy consumption or low working efficiency of the vibration equipment. Furthermore, this embodiment corrects the adjustment parameters according to the difference in cleaning efficiency between two adjacent batches of gangue, so that the cleaning efficiency gradually increases with the cleaning of each batch of gangue, so that the ultrasonic and vibration equipment cooperate with each other to efficiently clean the gangue. Compared with the use of ultrasonic cleaning alone, or compared with the simple cooperation of ultrasonic and vibration equipment, this embodiment makes the gangue cleaned more cleanly by making the ultrasonic and vibration equipment cooperate as reasonably as possible.

[0110] It should be noted that in the present invention, the gangue is divided into several batches, washed and dried in batches, and then subjected to subsequent processing, such as further sorting and crushing, and made into a matrix material for ecological restoration and management. This process is well known and will not be described in detail in this embodiment. In addition, the formation process of dirt on all batches of gangue or the composition of dirt and the adsorption of stolen goods on the gangue are consistent (for example, all batches of gangue are mined from the same mine). As the number of cleaning batches increases, the above-mentioned th1 and th2, as well as the values ​​of M1 and M2 become more and more reliable, thereby making the start and stop timing of the vibration equipment as appropriate as possible.

[0111] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient cleaning method for coal gangue used as an ecological restoration matrix material, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Divide the coal gangue into several batches for ultrasonic cleaning; Use th1 and th2 to ultrasonically clean any batch of coal gangue, including: Use ultrasound to clean any batch of coal gangue, obtain the turbidity change rate during the ultrasonic cleaning process, start the vibration device for the first time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1, obtain the turbidity change rate again after the vibration device is turned on, stop starting the vibration device when the turbidity change rate is less than th2, continue to obtain the turbidity change rate after stopping the vibration device, start the vibration device for the second time when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again, and so on, until the ultrasonic cleaning process ends when the turbidity no longer changes; wherein th1 and th2 are set thresholds respectively; The time from the first start of the vibration device to the stop of the vibration device is recorded as T, the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 again is recorded as P, the number of times the vibration device is turned on is recorded as N, and the cleaning efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning of coal gangue is obtained; According to T, P and N, and using the adjustment parameters, the sizes of th1 and th2 are adjusted; Using the adjusted th1 and th2, the next batch of gangue of any batch of coal is ultrasonically cleaned; and the cleaning of all batches of gangue is completed; After the next batch of coal gangue is cleaned by ultrasonic wave, the difference between the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue and the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue is obtained, and when the difference is less than 0, the adjustment parameter is corrected according to the difference; when the difference is greater than or equal to 0, the adjustment parameter remains unchanged; then, according to T, P and N when the next batch of coal gangue is cleaned by ultrasonic wave, and using the corrected adjustment parameter, the size of th1 and th2 is adjusted again; For any batch of coal gangue, when ultrasonic cleaning is finished, the turbidity of the cleaning tank is recorded as the final turbidity, the time used for a complete ultrasonic cleaning process is recorded as the ultrasonic cleaning time, and the ratio of the final turbidity to the ultrasonic cleaning time is recorded as the cleaning efficiency; The step of obtaining the difference between the cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning comprises the following specific steps: The cleaning efficiency of the next batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning is recorded as y1, the cleaning efficiency of any batch of coal gangue subjected to ultrasonic cleaning is recorded as y2, and (y1-y2) / (y1+y2) is recorded as the difference; The specific steps of adjusting the sizes of th1 and th2 according to T, P and N and using the adjustment parameters are as follows: The time from the start of ultrasonic cleaning to the first start of the vibration device is recorded as T1, and t=T / T1; the turbidity when the turbidity change rate is less than th1 is recorded as P1, and q=(P-P1) / (P1+1); n=N / N0, N0 is a preset value, and the ultrasonic cleaning process is also terminated when the number of times the vibration device is turned on is greater than N0; Let (q, t, n) be the cleaning characteristics when any batch of coal gangue is ultrasonically cleaned using th1 and th2; The adjusted values ​​of th1 and th2 are recorded as R1 and R2; let R1 = (1 + M1) × n / (w + 1) × th1, R2 = (1 + M2) × n / (w + 1) × th2; where w = q / t, M1 and M2 represent adjustment parameters; The specific calculation method of the adjustment parameter is as follows: Obtaining adjustment parameters M1 and M2 according to the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n) and the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2, wherein the initial values ​​of the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2 are preset; According to the cleaning characteristics (q, t, n) and the mapping coefficients of M1 and M2, the adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are obtained, and the specific steps are as follows: M1=a1×q+b1×t+c1×n, M2=a2×q+b2×t+c2×n; (a1, b1, c1) are the mapping coefficients of M1; (a2, b2, c2) are the mapping coefficients of M2; The specific steps of correcting the adjustment parameter according to the difference are as follows: When the difference is greater than or equal to 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of coal gangue is recorded as a positive sample reference cleaning process; when the difference is less than 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process of the next batch of coal gangue is recorded as a negative sample reference cleaning process; The mapping coefficient of M1 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process is recorded as m1, the average of the mapping coefficients of M1 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is recorded as m2, the difference is recorded as x, and the corrected mapping coefficient of M1 is: x×m2+(1-x)×m1; The mapping coefficient of M2 in the most recent negative sample reference cleaning process is recorded as k1, and the average of the mapping coefficients of M2 in all positive sample reference cleaning processes is recorded as k2. The corrected mapping coefficient of M2 is: x×k2+(1-x)×k1; The adjustment parameters M1 and M2 are obtained according to the cleaning characteristics of the next batch of coal gangue during the ultrasonic cleaning process and the mapping coefficients after the correction of M1 and M2.

2. The efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for ecological restoration matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of obtaining the turbidity change rate during ultrasonic cleaning are as follows: The turbidity at all times during the ultrasonic cleaning process constitutes a turbidity change sequence, and the turbidity change sequence is Gaussian filtered to obtain a filtered sequence; for any time t in the turbidity change sequence, the turbidity at time t in the filtered sequence is recorded as f(t), the previous time before time t is recorded as t-1, and the turbidity at time t-1 is recorded as f(t-1), and the turbidity change rate at time t is obtained according to the difference between f(t) and f(t-1).

3. The efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for ecological restoration matrix material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the turbidity change rate at time t according to the difference between f(t) and f(t-1) includes the following specific steps: Let f(t)-f(t-1) be the rate of change of initial turbidity at time t; The moment when the initial turbidity change rate is 0 is recorded as the segmentation point. All segmentation points divide the turbidity change sequence into several subsequences. The subsequence belonging to the moment t is obtained. In the subsequence belonging to the moment t, the maximum value of the initial turbidity change rate is obtained, recorded as fm1, and the ratio of the initial turbidity change rate at the moment t to fm1+1 is recorded as the turbidity change rate at the moment t.

4. The efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for ecological restoration matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the turbidity no longer changes, the ultrasonic cleaning process is terminated, and the specific steps included are as follows: The latest several moments including the current moment are obtained, and when the average of the turbidity change rates of the latest several moments is equal to 0, the ultrasonic cleaning process is terminated.

5. The efficient cleaning method of coal gangue for ecological restoration matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several turbidity sensors are installed on the side wall of the ultrasonic cleaning tank, and the average of the values ​​output by all turbidity sensors is recorded as turbidity.

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