Method, device and equipment for suppressing vibration noise of controllable vibrator machinery

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator. The method comprises: obtaining relevant information of the exploration target layer; determining characteristic information of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator based on relevant pre-investigation records; determining the scanning length of the controllable vibrator scanning signal based on reflection time, the natural frequency of the controllable vibrator, the starting frequency and the ending frequency; collecting the controllable vibrator scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length to obtain the original single-shot data after correlation; suppressing the original single-shot data after correlation based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator, the natural frequency of the controllable vibrator and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information. The method is highly targeted and has good application effect. It effectively eliminates the mechanical vibration noise in the controllable vibrator excitation data and improves the quality of the single-shot and profile data excited by the controllable vibrator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator. Background Art

[0002] Vibroseis, with its significant advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, and low construction costs, holds a crucial position in onshore seismic exploration. Since the 1990s, with the development of vibroseis systems and seismic instrumentation, significant progress has been made in efficient vibroseis acquisition technology. Techniques such as alternating scanning, sliding scanning, multi-point synchronous scanning, and high-fidelity acquisition have been developed. These technologies have increased daily seismic acquisition from a few hundred shots to tens of thousands, propelling onshore seismic exploration into an era of high efficiency and high density. Despite this, compared to explosive sources, vibroseis acquisition still suffers from the disadvantages of more noise types and a relatively lower signal-to-noise ratio per shot. A single shot recording from a vibroseis emits both common noise common to explosive sources, such as linear noise from surface waves, refractions, and scattered waves, as well as noise unique to vibroseis, such as harmonics and mechanical vibration noise. Effectively removing these unique noises is key to improving vibroseis data quality. Throughout the development of vibroseis acquisition technology, and particularly since its application in high-efficiency vibroseis acquisition, vibroseis noise suppression has received significant attention.

[0003] Vibroseis harmonic interference and mechanical vibration noise are two different types of vibroseis noise. Vibroseis harmonic interference can be further divided into mechanical system harmonics and surface response harmonics. The former arises from the difference between the output force signal from the mechanical system distortion and the sweep signal generated by the vibroseis signal generator, while the latter arises from the difference between the output force signal and the downward-propagating source signal due to surface structure. The frequency of mechanical system harmonics is an integer multiple of the fundamental wave, with a significant phase difference. When a linearly up-converted sweep signal is used, they appear on the negative time axis and have minimal interference with the shot. When efficient acquisition is employed, mechanical system harmonics can occur at different times and offsets between adjacent shots, depending on the sweep signal parameters, the time difference between adjacent shots, and the relative relationship between adjacent shot positions. They typically cause significant noise interference to adjacent shots. Surface response harmonics have frequencies concentrated in a narrow frequency range, occur on the positive time axis, and appear near the offset of the shot being recorded, primarily affecting the quality of the data from the shot. Vibrator mechanical vibration noise is a disturbance wave generated by ground vibrations caused by the operation of the vibrator mechanical system. It propagates near the surface at a low speed, roughly equivalent to low-velocity surface waves. Mechanical vibration noise has a wide frequency band, reaching frequencies exceeding 400 Hz. Its amplitude spectrum exhibits multiple extremes, corresponding to the various natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system. The initial energy of mechanical vibration noise is high, and it decays rapidly with increasing propagation distance, but remains constant over time at the same location. It primarily interferes with near-offset data, and is particularly severe for near-offset mid-depth signals. During vibrator scanning, when the scanning frequency reaches the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system, resonance occurs, generating vibrator resonance noise. Resonance noise is a component of vibrator mechanical vibration noise. Compared to non-resonant mechanical vibration noise, this resonance has greater energy, a wider interference range, and a more severe impact on data.

[0004] During vibroseis seismic exploration, harmonic interference and mechanical vibration noise are unavoidable, making the development of targeted suppression methods of vibroseis harmonics of interest crucial. Currently, researchers both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research on methods for suppressing vibroseis harmonics. These include methods such as fractional frequency domain separation, pure phase-shift filtering, correlation subtraction, predictive subtraction, deconvolution subtraction, and filtering based on ground force signals, which are applied during data processing. Furthermore, methods for designing vibroseis sweep signals for harmonic suppression based on force signals and nonlinear sweep signals using dynamic parameters are also used during data acquisition. These methods effectively address the issue of vibroseis harmonic interference. However, no specific technologies addressing mechanical vibration noise from vibroseis have been reported in public literature or patents. Only a few indoor data processing denoising techniques, such as the vibroseis black triangle noise suppression technique, are available for use in areas prone to mechanical vibration noise. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to increase the selection space to achieve the suppression of mechanical vibration noise and thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable source.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, which may include:

[0007] Obtain relevant information about the exploration target layer;

[0008] Determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0009] Determining the starting frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibroseis; determining the ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information;

[0010] Determining a sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the vibroseis natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the start frequency and end frequency of the vibroseis sweep signal;

[0011] Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain correlated raw single shot data;

[0012] The correlated original single shot data is suppressed based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining relevant information of the exploration target layer may include:

[0014] Determining the target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the target layer based on the geological requirements of the exploration area; and

[0015] Based on single shot records and / or seismic sections in historical seismic data, the reflection wave events of the exploration target layer are identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave events.

[0016] Optionally, determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise may include:

[0017] Interactively analyzing the relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, and a curve showing the relationship between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance;

[0018] Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator;

[0019] Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve of the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise changing with the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy portion of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise is determined.

[0020] Optionally, determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information may include:

[0021] Based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is determined on the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source is outside the starting frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0022] Optionally, determining the end frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal may specifically include:

[0023] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0024] If the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is between the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

[0025] Optionally, determining the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal may include:

[0026] Determining the natural frequency of the vibroseis within the frequency range of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the natural frequency of the vibroseis and the start frequency and the end frequency of the vibroseis sweep signal;

[0027] Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal is determined.

[0028] Optionally, the determining of the sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the sweep signal type, the reflection time, the start frequency, the end frequency, and the natural frequency of the vibroseis within the frequency range of the vibroseis sweep signal, and taking the resonant noise in the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise as being located after the reflections of the target layer as a reference, may include:

[0029] Establishing a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time, and scan length based on the scan signal type;

[0030] Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source, and determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths;

[0031] The scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

[0032] Optionally, suppressing the correlated raw single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information may include:

[0033] Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise within the close offset range in the original single shot data;

[0034] Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of noise propagation speed in the original single shot data;

[0035] The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, which may include:

[0037] An acquisition module is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer;

[0038] A characteristic information determination module, configured to determine characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0039] A starting frequency determination module, configured to determine a starting frequency of a vibrator scanning signal based on a minimum starting frequency of the vibrator;

[0040] a termination frequency determination module, configured to determine a termination frequency of a vibroseis scanning signal based on a maximum expected frequency of a reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and a natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information;

[0041] a scanning length determining module, configured to determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal;

[0042] an acquisition and processing module, configured to acquire the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length to obtain correlated raw single shot data;

[0043] The noise suppression module is used to suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0044] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator as described in the first aspect.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least:

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and equipment for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of a controllable source. The method is a method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of a controllable source with strong pertinence and good application effect. It effectively eliminates the mechanical vibration noise in the controllable source excitation data and improves the quality of the single shot and profile data excited by the controllable source.

[0048] Specifically, in the acquisition and processing stage, based on the frequency characteristics of mechanical vibration noise, the frequency band range of the scanning signal is designed on the principle of not covering or less covering the resonant frequency components of the controllable vibrator mechanical system, thereby reducing the number of frequency components that produce resonance and suppressing some strong amplitude frequency components of the mechanical vibration noise, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy of the mechanical vibration noise; according to the relationship between the resonance occurrence time and the scanning length, the scanning duration of the scanning signal is designed on the principle that the mechanical resonance noise appears after the reflection time of the target layer, which can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable vibrator appears after the reflection time of the target layer, and effectively avoid the interference of the controllable vibrator resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying strata.

[0049] During the noise suppression phase, the characteristics of vibroseis mechanical vibration noise are fully utilized to decompose the noise into three components. Through the cascade of three indoor processing steps, the noise generated by the vibroseis mechanical system is effectively suppressed step by step, from strong to weak, and from global to local. First, based on the strong energy range of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise, the abnormal amplitude threshold is determined through regional comparison. The abnormal amplitude suppression method is then used to remove the near-offset strong energy component of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise. Then, based on the propagation velocity characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise, a targeted velocity range is set, and the regular linear interference suppression technique is used to remove the non-abnormal strong energy component of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise. Finally, based on the formation mechanism of the vibroseis mechanical resonance noise, the resonant frequency and scanning signal parameters are used to accurately determine the spatiotemporal and frequency ranges of the resonance noise. The strong energy frequency division suppression technique is then used to suppress the resonance noise in the resonance noise-developing areas, eliminating the resonance noise component of the mechanical vibration noise. The combined application of these methods effectively eliminates all mechanical vibration noise components in the vibroseis single-shot data and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibroseis single-shot data.

[0050] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise using a controllable vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 A specific flow chart of the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 The relevant front vibrator mechanical vibration noise survey records provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 The amplitude spectrum of the related front vibroseis mechanical vibration noise provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 A curve showing the change of mechanical vibration noise energy of the related front vibrator with offset distance provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 A histogram of mechanical vibration noise energy after correlation of different frequency band scanning signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 Vibroseis single shot records obtained with different sweep lengths provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after the removal of high-energy mechanical vibration noise at close offset provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after the removal of non-high-energy mechanical vibration noise provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after mechanical resonance noise removal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing a comparison of a single shot before and after the mechanical noise removal of the vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] The inventors found that the black triangle noise suppression technology of vibroseis mainly targets the strong energy scattering noise in the wave triangle area of ​​a single shot recording. The noise is regarded as an abnormal amplitude without correlation. Based on the energy difference between the noise and the signal, a frequency division abnormal energy suppression method is used to suppress it. This method has a certain suppression effect on the strong energy part of the mechanical vibration noise with a small propagation distance, but it has a poor suppression effect on the noise whose energy intensity is not much different from the effective signal after the propagation distance increases. Moreover, it has insufficient suppression ability and poor suppression effect on the local sudden strong noise with specific frequency components such as the vibroseis mechanical resonance noise that appears within a specific time and offset range. In summary, it is very important to suppress the vibroseis noise in vibroseis acquisition. The existing vibroseis noise suppression technology mainly solves the problem of suppressing the harmonic interference of the vibroseis, but it still cannot meet the needs of suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the vibroseis. It is urgent to develop targeted methods and devices to solve this problem, further improve the quality of vibroseis data, and promote the development of vibroseis acquisition technology.

[0067] In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of a vibrator. The method is specifically a method for designing excitation parameters and a method for indoor data processing and denoising, which is applied to onshore two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration, and improves the quality of single shots and profiles of vibrator excitation by suppressing mechanical vibration noise when vibrator excitation is used. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include:

[0068] Step S11: Obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer.

[0069] Step S12: determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0070] Step S13: Determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator.

[0071] Step S14: determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information.

[0072] Step S15: Determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the vibroseis natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal.

[0073] Step S16: Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain correlated original single shot data.

[0074] Step S17: Suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0075] The above-mentioned method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source with strong pertinence and good application effect. It effectively eliminates the mechanical vibration noise in the controllable source excitation data and improves the quality of the single shot and profile data excited by the controllable source.

[0076] Specifically, in the acquisition and processing stage, based on the frequency characteristics of mechanical vibration noise, the frequency band range of the scanning signal is designed on the principle of not covering or less covering the resonant frequency components of the controllable vibrator mechanical system, thereby reducing the number of frequency components that produce resonance and suppressing some strong amplitude frequency components of the mechanical vibration noise, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy of the mechanical vibration noise; according to the relationship between the resonance occurrence time and the scanning length, the scanning duration of the scanning signal is designed on the principle that the mechanical resonance noise appears after the reflection time of the target layer, which can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable vibrator appears after the reflection time of the target layer, and effectively avoid the interference of the controllable vibrator resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying strata.

[0077] During the noise suppression phase, the characteristics of vibroseis mechanical vibration noise are fully utilized to decompose the noise into three components. Through the cascade of three indoor processing steps, the noise generated by the vibroseis mechanical system is effectively suppressed step by step, from strong to weak, and from global to local. First, based on the strong energy range of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise, the abnormal amplitude threshold is determined through regional comparison. The abnormal amplitude suppression method is then used to remove the near-offset strong energy component of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise. Then, based on the propagation velocity characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise, a targeted velocity range is set, and the regular linear interference suppression technique is used to remove the non-abnormal strong energy component of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise. Finally, based on the formation mechanism of the vibroseis mechanical resonance noise, the resonant frequency and scanning signal parameters are used to accurately determine the spatiotemporal and frequency ranges of the resonance noise. The strong energy frequency division suppression technique is then used to suppress the resonance noise in the resonance noise-developing areas, eliminating the resonance noise component of the mechanical vibration noise. The combined application of these methods effectively eliminates all mechanical vibration noise components in the vibroseis single-shot data and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibroseis single-shot data.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a specific method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0079] Step S201: Based on geological requirements for the exploration area, determine the target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the target layer.

[0080] In the embodiments of the present invention, the "exploration target strata" described above refer to strata deposited at different ages below the Earth's surface. Oil and gas resources are typically found only in strata deposited at one or more of these ages. In petroleum exploration, strata containing oil and gas are typically the primary targets of exploration. These target strata are referred to as exploration target strata.

[0081] Geological demand refers to the demand for seismic exploration work put forward by geological research. It will clearly state which strata are the main targets of oil and gas exploration, that is, which strata are the target layers, and what requirements the seismic exploration resolution should meet. Its main indicator is what level the maximum frequency of the obtained seismic reflection signal should reach, that is, the highest expected frequency f smax How big should it be.

[0082] In a specific example, the practical application of this invention was demonstrated in a study area in the Tarim Basin. The surface of this area is covered by a thick Quaternary gravel layer, making explosive source excitation difficult to construct and acquisition costs high. Using the methods and steps of this invention in this area, the vibroseis excitation parameter design and data processing for a three-dimensional acquisition project were completed. This effectively eliminated the impact of mechanical vibration noise from the vibroseis on the seismic data and significantly improved the quality of single-shot vibroseis data.

[0083] Step S202: Based on the single shot record and / or seismic profile in the historical seismic data, the reflection wave event of the exploration target layer is identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave event.

[0084] The above-mentioned steps S201 and S202 in the embodiment of the present invention are both for obtaining relevant information of the target layer for exploration. For example, the stratum that needs to be implemented in geological research is the Paleogene stratum, and the maximum frequency of the seismic signal to be obtained is 75Hz. First, it is necessary to find the reflection wave sync axis of the Paleogene stratum from the single-shot record or seismic profile obtained from previous seismic acquisition, and read its reflection time t0. After obtaining the t0 time, when designing the acquisition parameters, it is necessary to ensure that the reflection information within this time range can be obtained, and the reflection information within this time range is as unaffected as possible by various noises in the time domain and the frequency domain. The main purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to minimize the influence of the controllable vibrator noise on the reflection information within the t0 time range. First, it is to make the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator appear as little as possible or appear less in the t0 time range in the time domain; second, it is to make the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator appear not or appear less in the frequency domain at the protection frequency f of the target layer reflection wave. smax range; thirdly, suppress the noise through indoor processing methods.

[0085] Taking the design of vibroseis excitation parameters and indoor denoising of a single shot as an example, geological requirements, previous seismic acquisition single shots and profiles were collected, and the target layer reflection time was determined to be 5.5s and the maximum expected frequency of the target layer reflection wave was 75Hz.

[0086] Step S203: Interactively analyze the relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, and the relationship curve between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance.

[0087] Vibroseis excitation produces a long-duration signal, typically 10 to 20 seconds. Correlation processing is often required to more intuitively reflect the seismic response characteristics of the subsurface. Correlation processing involves cross-correlating the received raw signal with the vibroseis reference signal. This cross-correlation operation compresses the long, continuous signal generated by the vibroseis into a correlated wavelet representing reflection information. The pre-correlation record is the raw signal generated by the vibroseis, i.e., the signal before the correlation operation.

[0088] In the specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the propagation velocity analysis of the above-mentioned investigation related pre-records is performed using seismic data processing software. That is, on the related pre-records obtained from the controllable source mechanical vibration noise investigation, there are many phase axes with linear characteristics, which reflect the time-distance relationship of noise propagation. The time of one of the phase axes at point A and point B is read, and the time difference is calculated. Then, the distance from point A to point B is divided by this time difference to obtain the propagation velocity of the noise from point A to point B. In the processing and analysis software of seismic data, an interactive analysis function is provided. Picking a straight line along the noise phase axis can display the propagation velocity corresponding to this set of phase axes. The amplitude spectrum of the noise is obtained by Fourier transform and can be calculated by selecting an analysis time window through seismic data analysis software. The relationship curve of the noise energy changing with the propagation distance is first calculated. The amplitude value of the noise at each position is then plotted as a propagation distance-amplitude curve.

[0089] Through the above propagation speed analysis, we can get Figure 3 The relevant previous controllable source mechanical vibration noise survey records are shown, from which the propagation speed of controllable source mechanical vibration noise can be known.

[0090] Step S204: Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator.

[0091] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the n natural frequencies f of the vibrator mechanical system are determined according to the positions of the n extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. n (n=1,2,3,……). Figure 4 As shown in Figure 2, the two natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system are determined to be f1 = 30 Hz and f2 = 92.5 Hz, respectively, based on the positions of the two extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0092] Step S205: Determine the offset range of the high energy portion of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on the inflection point position in the curve of the relationship between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance. Figure 5As shown, the offset distance range of the strong energy part of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise is determined to be X=±200m according to the relationship curve of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise energy versus the propagation distance.

[0093] Step S206: Determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator. This step is to determine the starting frequency of the scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator selected during construction. For example, in the above example, the lowest starting frequency is 2 Hz, then the starting frequency of the scanning signal f min =2Hz.

[0094] Step S207: Based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is determined based on the fact that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source is outside the start frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present invention, the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system is not included in f min -f max In principle, the range is within the range. max When using the seismic data acquisition system, two factors should be considered: first, to obtain higher frequency information as much as possible, which is conducive to obtaining higher resolution seismic data, that is, under the conditions allowed by the equipment, f max Assume that the maximum frequency allowed by the equipment is 140Hz, even if the maximum frequency required by the geological conditions is 75Hz, you should choose an f larger than 75Hz. max To obtain wider bandwidth seismic data; secondly, try not to increase the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system. n Included in f min -f max Otherwise, resonance interference will occur.

[0096] In an optional embodiment, determining the end frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal specifically includes:

[0097] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0098] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency of the controllable source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; where n≥2.

[0099] Assume f nThere are two corresponding frequencies, 30Hz and 90Hz, while the maximum frequency that the vibrator can reach is 140Hz and the maximum frequency expected by geological requirements is 75Hz. Under these conditions, if we only consider the first principle, we can use f max Choose above 90Hz. But this will cause f min -f max There are two natural frequencies of the mechanical system in the corresponding range, which will produce resonance interference corresponding to the two frequencies. Therefore, f max Choose between 75Hz and 90Hz, which can meet the minimum geological requirements and allow the min -f max The range only includes the 30Hz resonant frequency, then only 30Hz resonant interference will be generated, and 90Hz resonant interference will not be generated, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing resonant interference.

[0100] In this step, there are usually one or more extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. The frequencies corresponding to these extreme points are the natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system. When the vibrator scanning frequency reaches the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system, resonance occurs, generating resonant noise. Resonant noise is part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. It has strong energy and a long propagation distance, and has a greater impact on seismic data. Figure 6 As shown, the determined scanning signal excludes the natural frequencies of one or more controllable source mechanical systems from the controllable source scanning signal frequency band, which can reduce the resonance noise and achieve the purpose of reducing the impact of mechanical vibration noise.

[0101] Step S208: Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the vibrator and the start frequency and the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal.

[0102] This step is based on the natural frequency f of the vibrator determined in step S204 above. n , and the scanning signal starting frequency f determined in step S206 min and the scanning signal termination frequency f determined in step S207 max , determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal (in this embodiment, f m express).

[0103] Step S209: Based on the scanning signal type, reflection time, starting frequency, ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, determine the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal.

[0104] According to the selected scanning signal type, the target layer reflection time t0, and the determined scanning signal starting frequency f min and the scanning signal termination frequency f max , and the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal m , based on the principle that the resonance noise of the vibrator mechanical system appears after the reflection time of the target layer, the time length of the vibrator scanning signal is calculated and determined. The specific determination process is as follows:

[0105] Based on the scanning signal type, a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time and scanning length is established; that is, based on the scanning signal type and parameters, a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency f, time t and scanning length T is established.

[0106] The embodiment of the present invention takes a linear frequency-increasing signal as an example, assuming that the signal starting frequency is f min , the termination frequency is f max , the functional relationship between instantaneous frequency f, time t and scan length T is:

[0107]

[0108] The above formula is transformed into:

[0109]

[0110] Take the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the time corresponding to different scanning lengths; that is, take the instantaneous frequency f equal to the resonant frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system n , calculate the time t corresponding to different scan lengths T.

[0111] When the above f is equal to the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system m When

[0112]

[0113] The sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time. That is, the optimal sweep length T is determined based on the criterion that t is greater than t0.

[0114] when When the frequency is f m The signal appearance time t is greater than the target layer reflection time t0, that is, the resonant noise of the controllable vibrator mechanical system appears after the target layer reflection time. That is the calculation formula used in the present invention to determine the scanning length of the linear up-conversion signal.

[0115] The mechanical resonance noise of the vibrator has strong energy and a wide interference range. It is the noise that has the greatest impact on the data among the mechanical vibration noises. Figure 7 As shown, the scanning length T determined by this step can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable source appears after the reflection time of the target layer, effectively avoiding the interference of the controllable source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying stratum, and reducing the impact of mechanical vibration noise on the acquisition effect.

[0116] Based on the above example, the vibrator resonant frequencies f1 = 30 Hz, f2 = 92.5 Hz and the determined vibrator scanning signal starting frequency f min =2Hz, scanning signal termination frequency f max =84Hz, the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system within the frequency range of the scanning signal is determined to be f m = 30Hz; According to the actual situation that the scanning signal type determined by the project is a linear up-conversion scanning signal, the target layer reflection time t0 = 5.5s and the starting frequency of the scanning signal determined in the above steps are determined. min =2Hz and scanning signal end frequency f max =84Hz, and the resonant frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the sweep signal m =30Hz, substitute into the formula Calculations determined that the vibrator scan length should be greater than 16.11s, and was ultimately determined to be 20s.

[0117] Reference Figure 7 As shown in the figure, in the single shot of the scanning signal acquisition determined by this method, the 30Hz mechanical resonance noise appears below 5.5s, which effectively avoids the interference of the controllable source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying stratum, and reduces the impact of mechanical vibration noise on the acquisition effect.

[0118] Step S210: Acquire the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, ending frequency, and sweep length to obtain correlated raw single-shot data. This step is performed during field construction or processes data from field construction to obtain correlated raw single-shot data acquired by the vibroseis. Based on the above example, field construction was performed using a vibroseis scanning signal with a starting and ending frequency of 2-84 Hz and a sweep length of 20 seconds to obtain raw single-shot data acquired by the vibroseis.

[0119] Step S211 : Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components in the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise within the close offset range in the original single shot data.

[0120] This step uses the original single-shot data obtained in step S210 as input and uses the abnormal amplitude suppression processing method to suppress the strong energy components of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range. During the application of the abnormal amplitude suppression processing method, the energy levels of the seismic traces within and outside the ±200m offset range after noise suppression are equivalent. Through experiments, the processing parameters of the amplitude threshold of 10 and the attenuation coefficient of 0.7 were determined. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the noise in the frame includes two noise components: the mechanical noise of the vibrator and the noise with linear characteristics. Through this step, the mechanical noise component of the vibrator within the offset range of ±200m (CHAN No. 80-120) is effectively removed. Figure 8 Right side), leaving only the mechanical noise component with linear characteristics ( Figure 8 middle).

[0121] Step S212: Based on the propagation velocity of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of noise propagation velocity in the original single shot data.

[0122] This step uses the original single shot data processed in step S211 as input, and the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise V0 (V0 = 550m / s). The regular linear noise suppression technology is used to set the noise speed within the range of V0 (1±20%), that is, the noise speed is set within the range of 440 to 660m / s, and linear interference suppression is performed. Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 There is a lot of noise with linear characteristics on the left side, including vibrator mechanical noise with linear characteristics and other linear noise. Through this step, the vibrator mechanical noise with linear characteristics and other linear noise with a speed similar to the vibrator linear noise are effectively removed ( Figure 9 Right side), only some mechanical resonance noise components remain ( Figure 9 middle).

[0123] The difference between this step and the previous method is that the method does not treat the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source as random noise. Instead, based on the full recognition that mechanical vibration noise is a low-speed regular noise propagating along the near-surface, the noise velocity range is determined according to its propagation speed and the regular noise suppression technology is applied to suppress it.

[0124] Step S213: Determine the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band based on the natural frequency of the controllable vibrator, and determine the denoising time window based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable vibrator mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0125] In this step, the time-distance relationship function of resonant noise propagation is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Where t is the propagation time of the resonant noise, f m is the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal, V0 is the propagation speed of the resonant noise, f min is the starting frequency of the scanning signal, f max is the end frequency of the scanning signal, T is the scanning length of the scanning signal, and x is the offset distance.

[0128] This step determines the natural frequency f of the mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal. m , take f m ±5Hz is the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band, that is, the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression is f m -5Hz to f m +5Hz; according to the frequency f of the resonant noise within the start and end frequency range of the above scanning signal m , combined with the vibrator mechanical vibration noise propagation speed V0, the starting frequency of the scanning signal f min and the stop frequency f max , trace length T, according to the formula Establish the time-distance relationship of resonant noise propagation and determine the time and spatial range of resonant interference development; use the data processed in step S212 as input data, set the denoising time window and suppression frequency range according to the above-mentioned time-distance relationship of resonant noise propagation and the resonant noise frequency range, and use the strong energy frequency division suppression method to remove the mechanical resonant noise of the controllable source.

[0129] In the above example, the frequency f of the resonant noise within the vibrator sweep signal range is m =30Hz, set the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band to 25-35Hz; set the controllable source resonance frequency f within the start and end frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal m =30Hz, propagation speed V0=550m / s, starting frequency of scanning signal f min =2Hz, end frequency f max =84Hz, scan length T=20s, substitute into the formula Calculate and determine the time-distance relationship of the resonant noise propagation; use the data processed in step S212 as input data, set the denoising time window and suppression frequency range according to the frequency range of the resonant noise and the time-distance relationship of the noise propagation, and use the strong energy frequency division suppression method to remove the mechanical resonant noise of the controllable vibrator. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the frame is the mechanical resonance noise development area, and there is residual vibrator mechanical resonance noise in the area. Through this step, the resonance noise is effectively removed ( Figure 10 Right), the denoised record no longer has the mechanical noise component of the controllable source ( Figure 10 middle).

[0130] It should be noted here that in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned steps S211, S212 and S213 can be executed in any order, but in order to improve the noise suppression effect, it is preferred to perform noise suppression in the process of "step S211→step S212→step S213". If other processes are used, relatively weaker suppression effects can also be achieved. The embodiment of the present invention does not impose too many restrictions on this.

[0131] Reference Figure 11 As shown, after the noise is suppressed in steps S211, S212 and S213, the single shot data with the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator eliminated is obtained ( Figure 11 right). Figure 11 As shown on the left, the mechanical noise of the vibrator masks the effective reflection signal from the underground. After processing using the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical noise of the vibrator is effectively suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio of a single shot is greatly improved, and the effective reflection wave phase axis ( Figure 11 The embodiment of the present invention fully recognizes and utilizes the formation mechanism of vibrator resonance noise. Based on the vibrator resonance noise characteristic parameters and vibrator scanning parameters, the temporal, spatial, and frequency ranges of resonance interference development are accurately calculated and set. This allows for more targeted suppression of resonance noise, ensuring effectiveness while avoiding damage to valid signals. This results in single-shot data that eliminates the influence of vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0132] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, referring to Figure 12 As shown, the device may include: an acquisition module 11, a feature information determination module 12, a start frequency determination module 13, an end frequency determination module 14, a scan length determination module 15, an acquisition and processing module 16, and a noise suppression module 17. Its working principle is as follows:

[0133] The acquisition module 11 is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer;

[0134] The characteristic information determination module 12 is used to determine characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0135] The starting frequency determination module 13 is used to determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator;

[0136] The end frequency determination module 14 is used to determine the end frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information;

[0137] The scanning length determining module 15 is used to determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal;

[0138] The acquisition and processing module 16 is used to acquire the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length to obtain the correlated original single shot data;

[0139] The noise suppression module 17 is used to suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0140] In an optional embodiment, the acquisition module 11 is specifically configured to:

[0141] Determining the target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the target layer based on the geological requirements of the exploration area; and

[0142] Based on single shot records and / or seismic profiles in historical seismic data, the reflection wave events of the exploration target layer are identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave events.

[0143] In another optional embodiment, the characteristic information determination module 12 is specifically configured to: perform interactive analysis based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, and a curve showing the relationship between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance;

[0144] Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator;

[0145] Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve of the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise changing with the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy portion of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise is determined.

[0146] In another optional embodiment, the termination frequency determination module 14 is specifically used to determine the termination frequency of the controllable seismic source scanning signal based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, with the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source is outside the starting frequency and termination frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0147] More specifically, the end frequency determination module 14 is specifically configured to: if the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, then the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0148] If the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is between the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

[0149] In another optional embodiment, the scanning length determining module 15 is specifically configured to: determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the vibrator and the start frequency and the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal;

[0150] Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal is determined.

[0151] More specifically, the scan length determination module 15 is specifically configured to: establish a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time, and scan length based on the scan signal type;

[0152] Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source, and determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths;

[0153] The scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

[0154] In another optional embodiment, the noise suppression module 17 is specifically configured to: based on the offset range, suppress the strong energy component of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise within the close offset range in the original single shot data by using an abnormal amplitude suppression method;

[0155] Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of noise propagation speed in the original single shot data;

[0156] The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0157] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator is implemented.

[0158] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the above-mentioned method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator is implemented.

[0159] The principles of the problems solved by the above-mentioned devices, media, and related equipment in the embodiments of the present invention are similar to those of the above-mentioned methods. Therefore, their implementation can refer to the implementation of the above-mentioned methods, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0161] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0162] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0164] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, characterized in that: include: Obtain relevant information about the exploration target layer; Determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; Determining the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator; determining a termination frequency of a vibroseis scanning signal based on a maximum expected frequency of a reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and a natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information; Determining a sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the vibroseis natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the start frequency and end frequency of the vibroseis sweep signal; Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain correlated raw single shot data; The correlated original single shot data is suppressed based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The acquisition of relevant information of the exploration target layer includes: Determining the target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the target layer based on the geological requirements of the exploration area; and Based on single shot records and / or seismic sections in historical seismic data, the reflection wave events of the exploration target layer are identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave events.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of characteristic information of the vibrator-based mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records includes: Interactively analyzing the relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, and a curve showing the relationship between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance; Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator; Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve of the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise changing with the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy portion of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise is determined.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining of the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information includes: Based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is determined on the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source is outside the starting frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the end frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal specifically includes: If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency; If the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is between the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal includes: Determining the natural frequency of the vibroseis within the frequency range of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the natural frequency of the vibroseis and the start frequency and the end frequency of the vibroseis sweep signal; Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal is determined.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The determining of the sweep length of the vibroseis sweep signal based on the sweep signal type, the reflection time, the start frequency, the end frequency, and the natural frequency of the vibroseis within the frequency range of the vibroseis sweep signal, and taking the resonant noise in the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise as a reference, after being located between the reflections of the target layer, includes: Establishing a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time, and scan length based on the scan signal type; Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source, and determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths; The scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The suppressing of the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information includes: Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components of the vibroseis mechanical vibration noise within the close offset range in the original single shot data; Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of noise propagation speed in the original single shot data; The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

9. A device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer; A characteristic information determination module, configured to determine characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; A starting frequency determination module, configured to determine a starting frequency of a vibrator scanning signal based on a minimum starting frequency of the vibrator; a termination frequency determination module, configured to determine a termination frequency of a vibroseis scanning signal based on a maximum expected frequency of a reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and a natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information; a scanning length determining module, configured to determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal; an acquisition and processing module, configured to acquire the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length to obtain correlated raw single shot data; The noise suppression module is used to suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing vibratory noise of a controllable vibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented.

11. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing vibratory mechanical vibration noise of any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented.

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