A method and related device for multi-user subject electrical carbon monitoring and tracking

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-user subject-oriented electric carbon monitoring and tracking method and related device, first, the basic data of multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking is acquired; then, based on the basic data, a target function and a plurality of constraint conditions are set to construct a direct current flow model; then, according to the calculation result of the direct current flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated; finally, according to the carbon emission flow distribution, the load instantaneous carbon emission of the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject is calculated. The application supports electric carbon monitoring of multiple user subjects, including different types of enterprises and different industry users with dispersed geographical positions, realizes extensive coverage of carbon emission monitoring, and such extensive coverage is helpful for comprehensively and accurately grasping carbon emission conditions in different fields, thereby solving the problem that the prior art does not fully consider the carbon reduction potential of the electricity consumption side and lacks user-side electric carbon monitoring and tracking methods.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon emission monitoring, and in particular to a method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking and related devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] Real-time, accurate and comprehensive measurement and monitoring of power carbon emissions are the basis and prerequisite for mastering the current situation of carbon emissions in the power industry and tapping the potential for carbon emission reduction. At present, there have been preliminary explorations in the field of intelligent monitoring and tracing of electric carbon at home and abroad, but most of them are for monitoring, tracing and responsibility allocation of carbon emissions on the power generation side. The tracking, characteristic analysis and characterization of multi-subject user power carbon emissions are still in the blank stage, and the carbon reduction potential of the power consumption side is not fully considered. There is a lack of methods for user-side electric carbon monitoring and tracking. The power generation on the power generation side is driven by the demand of the user side, and the power consumer as the energy demand side is an important responsible subject of carbon emissions, and the emission reduction space is huge. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the research and development of user-side electric carbon monitoring technology and orderly guide users to consume green power. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking and related devices, which solves the problem that the prior art does not fully consider the carbon reduction potential of the power consumption side and lacks a method for user-side electric carbon monitoring and tracking.

[0004] Therefore, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking, which comprises:

[0005] Obtaining basic data for multi-subject power carbon emission trajectory tracking;

[0006] Based on the basic data, setting up a target function and a constraint condition to build a direct current flow model;

[0007] According to the calculation result of the direct current flow model, calculating the carbon emission flow distribution;

[0008] According to the carbon emission flow distribution, calculating the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the downstream node n and the user subject in the branch.

[0009] Optionally, the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking comprises:

[0010] Let the node The active load at time t is wherein, is the node The set of all users, based on the basic data, takes the output power of each unit as the decision variable, performs optimal power flow calculation with the goal of minimizing power generation cost, sets the node power balance equation as the user power consumption constraint, and constructs a DC power flow model using the branch power flow characteristics.

[0011] The expression for the objective function is:

[0012] ;

[0013] In the formula, Total number of time periods; , These represent the number of generator sets and energy storage devices in the respective power grids. , They are respectively Time generator set And the power generation capacity of the purchased external electricity; and Energy storage devices at time t The discharge power and charging power; , , These represent the unit generation costs of the generating units in the local power grid, energy storage, and purchased external electricity. Cost of charging energy storage;

[0014] The expression for the node power balance equation is:

[0015] ;

[0016] In the formula, , Let n be the set of generator sets and energy storage devices. , To the node respectively A collection of channels that inject and expel trends; for Time Branch The trend;

[0017] The expression for the DC power flow model is:

[0018] ;

[0019] ;

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, and These are nodes in a DC network. and nodes square of the voltage amplitude; square of the current amplitude flowing through the DC network line ; , active power transmitted by the first end; and active power transmitted by the first end; resistance of the DC network line ; active power transmitted by the VSC connected to the node to the DC power grid.

[0022] Optionally, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model, including:

[0023] The carbon emission flow distribution is calculated by a carbon potential calculation formula based on the calculation result of the DC power flow model, to obtain a carbon emission factor and a carbon flow density;

[0024] ;

[0025] ;

[0026] wherein, L is a set of all branches, is a carbon emission factor at time t at node n, that is, a carbon potential; is a carbon flow density of branch l; are carbon emission intensities of generator sets g, respectively; is a downstream line of node n.

[0027] Optionally, the load instantaneous carbon emission amount at the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution, including:

[0028] When a certain user does not have a sub-user, the load instantaneous carbon emission amount at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution based on a first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula;

[0029] wherein, the first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is:

[0030] ;

[0031] wherein, is a load instantaneous carbon emission amount at time t at the downstream node n in the branch, is an active load at time t at the downstream node n in the branch, is a carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0032] When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the user's instantaneous carbon emission amount is calculated based on a second instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution;

[0033] The second instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is as follows:

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission amount of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the j-th node at time t.

[0036] The second aspect of the application provides a system for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking, the system comprising:

[0037] An acquisition unit is configured to acquire basic data for multi-subject power carbon emission trajectory tracking;

[0038] A construction unit is configured to construct a direct current power flow model based on the target function and the constraint condition according to the basic data;

[0039] A first calculation unit is configured to calculate the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the direct current power flow model;

[0040] A second calculation unit is configured to calculate the instantaneous carbon emission amount of the load at the downstream node n and the user subject in the branch according to the carbon emission flow distribution.

[0041] Optionally, the construction unit is specifically configured to:

[0042] Let the node The active load at time t is wherein, is the set of all users at the node The output power of each unit is taken as a decision variable based on the basic data, and optimal power flow calculation is performed to minimize the generation cost, and the node power balance equation is set as the user electricity consumption constraint condition, and a direct current power flow model is constructed by using the branch power flow characteristics;

[0043] The expression of the target function is as follows:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , respectively are the number of generators and energy storage devices in the grid where the node is located; , respectively are the generation output of the generators and energy storage devices in the grid where the node is located at time t; and the purchased external power; and respectively are the discharging power and charging power of the energy storage devices in the grid where the node is located at time t; , , , respectively are the unit generation cost of the generators, energy storage devices and purchased external power in the grid where the node is located, is the charging cost of the energy storage devices;

[0046] The expression of the node power balance equation is:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, are the generator and energy storage device sets of node n; respectively are the branch sets injecting and flowing out of node n; is the power flow of branch at time t; The expression of the direct current power flow model is:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, are the square of the voltage amplitude of node in the direct current network; is the square of the current amplitude flowing through the direct current network line ; respectively are the active power transmitted by the first end of the direct current network line ; is the resistance of the direct current network line ; is the active power transmitted by the VSC connected to node from the direct current network.

[0054] ​​​​​​​​​​​​Optionally, the first calculation unit is specifically configured to:

[0055] Based on the calculation result of the direct current flow model, a carbon emission flow distribution is calculated through a carbon potential calculation formula, to obtain a carbon emission factor and a carbon flow density;

[0056] ;

[0057] ;

[0058] In the formula, L is a set of all branches, is a carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is a carbon flow density of branch l; respectively, is a carbon emission intensity of generator set g; is a downstream line of node n.

[0059] Optionally, the second calculation unit is specifically configured to:

[0060] When a certain user does not exist a sub-user, then according to the carbon emission flow distribution, a first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is used to calculate a load instantaneous carbon emission amount at a downstream node n in a branch;

[0061] In the formula, the first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is:

[0062] ;

[0063] In the formula, is a load instantaneous carbon emission amount at node n at time t in a branch, is an active load at node n at time t in a branch, is a carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0064] When a certain user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, then according to the carbon emission flow distribution, a second load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is used to calculate a load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the user;

[0065] In the formula, the second load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, is a load instantaneous carbon emission amount of an i-th user at a j-th node at time t; is an active load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is a carbon emission factor of the j-th node at time t.

[0068] A third aspect of this application provides a device for monitoring and tracking carbon dioxide emissions from multiple users, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0069] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0070] The processor is configured to execute, according to instructions in the program code, the steps of the method for multi-user subject electrocarbon monitoring and tracking as described in the first aspect above.

[0071] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the method for multi-user subject electrocarbon monitoring and tracking described in the first aspect above.

[0072] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this application has the following advantages:

[0073] This application provides a method for monitoring and tracking carbon emissions from multiple users. First, it acquires basic data for tracking the carbon emission trajectories of multiple users. Then, based on this data, it constructs a DC power flow model by setting an objective function and several constraints. Next, it calculates the carbon emission flow distribution based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model. Finally, based on the carbon emission flow distribution, it calculates the instantaneous carbon emissions at the downstream node n of the branch and the user's load. This application supports carbon emission monitoring from multiple users, including geographically dispersed enterprises of different types and industries, achieving broad coverage of carbon emission monitoring. This broad coverage helps to comprehensively and accurately grasp the carbon emission situation in different fields, providing data support for formulating scientific emission reduction policies. Furthermore, it accurately and comprehensively grasps the current status and trends of carbon emissions from multiple users on the electricity consumption side, explores the carbon emission reduction potential of the power industry, and promotes the low-carbon transformation of the power economy. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for monitoring and tracking carbon dioxide emissions from multiple users, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0075] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a system structure for multi-user subject carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0076] In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0077] Referring to Figure 1 The method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises the following steps.

[0078] Step 101: Obtain the basic data for multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking.

[0079] It should be noted that the basic data includes city power grid power flow, network topology, node information, external power, generator set, line parameter, carbon potential of each power source in the power grid, etc.

[0080] Connect each system to obtain the basic data for multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking, which includes but is not limited to:

[0081] 1) Real-time line power flow data of the whole city power grid;

[0082] 2) Real-time power generation data of the whole city power grid;

[0083] 3) External power data of the city power grid;

[0084] 4) Node number, voltage level, power consumption data, etc. of the power users on the load side of the whole city power grid.

[0085] 5) Regional carbon emission factor data of the carbon emission supervision department;

[0086] 6) Carbon potential of each power source in the power grid;

[0087] Among them, the main data and the interaction time granularity are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1: Main data required for multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking and interaction time granularity

[0089]

[0090] Step 102: Based on the basic data, set the objective function and the constraint condition to build a direct current power flow model.

[0091] It should be noted that the direct current flow model is constructed based on basic data (for example, a user historical load data set, wherein the user historical load data set is obtained from user load monitoring data of the local power system), and the direct current flow model is used as a basis for power grid flow analysis.

[0092] In one embodiment, 102 includes:

[0093] The node The active load at time t is wherein, is the node The set of all users, based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is taken as a decision variable, the optimal power flow calculation is carried out to realize the minimum generation cost, and the user power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the direct current flow model is constructed based on the branch flow characteristics;

[0094] wherein, the expression of the objective function is:

[0095] ;

[0096] wherein, is the total number of time periods; , are respectively the number of power generating units and energy storage devices in the power grid, the power generating units include traditional hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, gas power and wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, etc.; , are respectively the power generation output of the power generating unit at time t and the purchased external power, wherein the purchased external power can be negative, indicating that the power is sent to the external power grid; and are respectively the discharging and charging power of the energy storage device e at time t; , , are respectively the unit power generation cost (power selling income) of the power generating unit, the energy storage device and the purchased external power in the power grid, is the energy storage charging cost;

[0097] The expression of the node power balance equation is:

[0098] ;

[0099] wherein, , are respectively the set of power generating units and energy storage devices of node n, the user power generating unit generally includes self-provided power supply, distributed photovoltaic, etc.; , are respectively the power supplied to node The branch set of the injection and outflow current; For The current of the branch at the moment;

[0100] The expression of the DC current model is:

[0101] ;

[0102] ;

[0103] ;

[0104] In the formula, and are the squares of the voltage amplitudes of the nodes and in the DC network respectively; is the square of the current amplitude flowing through the DC network line ; , are the active powers transmitted by the first ends of the DC network lines and respectively; is the resistance of the DC network line ; is the active power transmitted by the VSC connected to the node from the DC power grid.

[0105] Step 103, calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC current model.

[0106] In one embodiment, 103 comprises:

[0107] Based on the calculation result of the DC current model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated through a carbon potential calculation formula to obtain a carbon emission factor and a carbon flow density;

[0108] ;

[0109] ;

[0110] In the formula, L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at the moment t at the node n, that is, the carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of the branch l; are the carbon emission intensities of the generator groups g respectively; is the downstream line of the node n.

[0111] Step 104, calculating the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject according to the carbon emission flow distribution.​

[0112] In one embodiment, 104 comprises:

[0113] When a certain user does not have a sub-user, then according to the carbon emission flow distribution, the load instantaneous carbon emission amount at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated based on the first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula;

[0114] The first load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is:

[0115] ;

[0116] In the formula, is the load instantaneous carbon emission amount at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0117] When a certain user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, then the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the user is calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution;

[0118] The second load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula is:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula, is the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the carbon emission factor of the j-th node at time t.

[0121] It should be noted that if a certain user has multiple sub-users (resources) at different nodes, the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the user is the sum of the carbon emission amounts of the sub-users (resources) at different nodes, which is calculated by the above-mentioned second load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula.

[0122] It should be noted that the load instantaneous carbon emission amount calculation formula satisfies:

[0123] a) The carbon flow density of the branch from which the node flows out is equal to the carbon potential of the node, that is:

[0124] ;

[0125] In the formula, is the injection node of the branch l; is the carbon potential of the node.

[0126] b) The carbon emission intensity calculation formula of different units in the power grid is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, Gs,t and es,t represent the active power and carbon emission factor of generator set s at time t, respectively. The generator set carbon emission factor can be approved according to GB / 32151.1-2015, Enterprise Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Method and Reporting Guide-Power Generation Facilities (2022 Revision) and the like.

[0129] The method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the application first acquires basic data for multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking; then sets a target function and a plurality of constraint conditions to construct a direct current flow model based on the basic data; then calculates carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the direct current flow model; and finally calculates the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject according to the carbon emission flow distribution. The application supports multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring, including different types of enterprises and different industry users with dispersed geographical positions, realizes extensive coverage of carbon emission monitoring, and such extensive coverage helps to comprehensively and accurately master the carbon emission situation in different fields, provides data support for formulating scientific emission reduction policies, and then accurately and comprehensively masters the multi-subject carbon emission present situation and trend on the electricity consumption side, excavates carbon emission reduction potential of the electric power industry, and promotes low-carbon transformation of the electric power economy.

[0130] The above is a method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the application embodiment, and the following is a system for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the application embodiment.

[0131] Please refer to Figure 2 The system for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking provided in the application embodiment comprises:

[0132] The acquisition unit 201 is configured to acquire basic data for multi-subject electric power carbon emission trajectory tracking.

[0133] The construction unit 202 is configured to set a target function and constraint conditions to construct a direct current flow model based on the basic data.

[0134] The first calculation unit 203 is configured to calculate carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the direct current flow model.

[0135] The second calculation unit 204 is configured to calculate the load instantaneous carbon emission amount of the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject according to the carbon emission flow distribution.

[0136] Further, the embodiment of the present application also provides a device for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0137] The memory is configured to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor.

[0138] The processor is configured to execute the steps of the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking according to the instructions in the program code.

[0139] Further, the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium for storing program code, the program code being used to execute the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking.

[0140] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-mentioned system and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0141] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and the like in the specification of the present application and in the above drawings, if any, are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to include only those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0142] It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A, only B, and A and B at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions means any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b or c, can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0143] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the described device embodiments are merely schematic. The division of the units is merely a logical function division. There can be another division manner for the actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0144] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.

[0145] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0146] The integrated unit, if realized in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the whole or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (English full name: Read-Only Memory, English abbreviation: ROM), a random access memory (English full name: Random Access Memory, English abbreviation: RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various program code storage media.

[0147] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for multi-user subject-oriented electrical carbon monitoring and tracking, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining basic data for multi-agent power carbon emission trajectory tracking; based on the basic data, setting a target function and a constraint condition to build a direct current power flow model; calculating carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the direct current power flow model; calculating the load instantaneous carbon emission of the downstream node n and the user agent in the branch according to the carbon emission flow distribution; the step of setting the target function and the constraint condition to build the direct current power flow model based on the basic data comprises: memory node The active load at time t is wherein, the node The set of all users, based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is taken as the decision variable, the optimal power flow calculation is carried out to realize the minimum target of power generation cost, and the node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the direct current power flow model is constructed by using the branch power flow characteristics. wherein the expression of the target function is: ； In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , are the numbers of power generators and energy storage devices in the power grid, respectively; , are the power generation capacities of the power generators and the energy storage devices, respectively; are the power generation capacities of the power generators and the energy storage devices at time t, respectively; are the power generation capacities of the power generators and the energy storage devices at time t, respectively; and are the discharging power and charging power of the energy storage device at time t, respectively; are the discharging power and charging power of the energy storage device at time t, respectively; , , are the unit power generation costs of the power generators, the energy storage devices and the purchased external power, respectively, is the charging cost of the energy storage device. the expression of the node power balance equation is: ； In the formula, , is the set of generator groups and energy storage devices of node n; , are the sets of branches injecting and outgoing power flow to node respectively; is the power flow of branch at time instant t; is the power flow of branch the expression of the direct current power flow model is: ； ； ； wherein and are the voltage magnitudes at the nodes and of the DC network, respectively; is the square of the voltage magnitude at the node of the DC network; , are the current magnitudes flowing through the DC network lines and , respectively; is the resistance of the DC network line ; is the active power transmitted from the DC grid by the VSC connected to the node ; the step of calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the direct current power flow model comprises: based on the calculation result of the direct current power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated through a carbon potential calculation formula to obtain a carbon emission factor and a carbon flow density; ； ； where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at time t at node n, i.e., the carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; is the carbon emission intensity of generator g, respectively; is the downstream line of node n; the step of calculating the load instantaneous carbon emission of the downstream node n and the user agent in the branch according to the carbon emission flow distribution comprises: when there is no sub-user for a certain user, the load instantaneous carbon emission of the downstream node n is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution based on a first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula; wherein the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula is: ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the branch at time t at the downstream node n, is the active load of the branch at time t at the downstream node n, is the carbon emission factor of the node n at time t. when a certain user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the load instantaneous carbon emission of the user is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution based on a second load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula; wherein the second load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula is: ； wherein, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the j-th node at time t.

2. A system for multi-user subject-oriented electrical carbon monitoring and tracking, characterized by, The device comprises a processor and a memory: the memory is used for storing program code and transmitting the program code to the processor; ​ ​ ​ ​ memory node The active load at time t is wherein, is the node The set of all users, based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is taken as the decision variable, the optimal power flow calculation is carried out to realize the minimum target of power generation cost, and the node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the direct current power flow model is constructed by using the branch power flow characteristics. ​ ； In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , are the numbers of power generators and energy storage devices in the power grid, respectively; , are the numbers of power generators and energy storage devices in the power grid, respectively; are the power generation outputs of the power generators and the purchased external power at time t, respectively; are the power generation outputs of the power generators and the purchased external power at time t, respectively; and are the discharging power and charging power of the energy storage device at time t, respectively; are the discharging power and charging power of the energy storage device at time t, respectively; , , are the unit power generation costs of the power generators, the energy storage devices and the purchased external power in the power grid, respectively, is the charging cost of the energy storage device. ​ ； In the formula, , Let n be the set of generator sets and energy storage devices. , To the node respectively A collection of channels that inject and expel trends; for Time Branch The trend; ​ ； ； ； wherein and are the voltage magnitudes at nodes and of the DC network, respectively; is the square of the voltage magnitude; is the square of the current magnitude flowing through the DC network line , are the voltage magnitudes at DC network lines and , respectively; is the active power transmitted by the head-end converter; is the resistance of the DC network line is the active power transmitted from the DC grid by the VSC connected at node . ​ ​ ； ； where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at time t at node n, i.e., the carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; is the carbon emission intensity of generator g, respectively; is the downstream line of node n; ​ ​ ​ ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the branch at time t at the downstream node n, is the active load of the branch at time t at the downstream node n, is the carbon emission factor of the node n at time t. ​ ​ ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the j-th node at time t.

3. A device for multi-user subject-oriented electrical carbon monitoring and tracking, characterized by, ​ ​ The processor is configured to execute the method for multi-user subject-oriented electrical carbon monitoring and tracking according to the instructions in the program code.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium is configured to store program code for executing the method for multi-user subject-oriented electrical carbon monitoring and tracking according to claim 1.

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