Method for conforming non-terrestrial network communications to terrestrial standards and regulations

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for conforming non-terrestrial network communications to terrestrial standards and regulations. The user equipment may configure the transmitter or receiver to comply with the provisions or criteria of the geographic area to communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., a satellite network). In one embodiment, the user equipment may receive, from a terrestrial communication node, an indication of a specification or criterion to comply with, and apply a transmit template to the transmitter based on the specification or criterion. The user equipment may additionally or alternatively configure the receiver to comply with a noise level allowable deviation of a received signal specified by the specification or criterion. In some embodiments, the user equipment may implement a frequency offset between the received signal and an interfering signal associated with the noise level allowable deviation, the frequency offset scaled based at least on a channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. In addition, the user equipment may scale the noise level allowable deviation based on the frequency offset.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application date of April 24, 2022, application number 202210431155.5, and invention name “Method for making non-terrestrial network communications comply with terrestrial standards and regulations”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 178,838, filed April 23, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Background Art

[0004] The present disclosure as a whole relates to wireless communications between user equipment (e.g., cellular phones, tablet computers) and non-terrestrial networks (e.g., satellite networks). Specifically, user equipment can establish communications with non-terrestrial networks that utilize an "L" band (e.g., a 1.6 gigahertz (GHz) band) and / or an "S" band (e.g., a 2 GHz band) and transmit data using the non-terrestrial network. However, various regulatory and / or standards bodies in different geographic regions may define different corresponding regulations and / or standards governing communications in these bands (e.g., terrestrial communications). Summary of the invention

[0005] The following is a summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein. It should be understood that these aspects are presented only to provide the reader with a concise summary of these specific embodiments, and these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In fact, the present disclosure may cover a number of aspects that may not be described below.

[0006] In an embodiment, a method is disclosed that enables user equipment to detect a ground communication node, synchronize with the ground communication node, and receive system information from the ground communication node that facilitates communication with a non-ground communication node. The processor of the user equipment may configure the receiver of the user equipment to be less than or equal to a threshold power for performance degradation when: a signal is received on a channel having a bandwidth and a center frequency; a first interference signal having a power level exists at a first frequency, the first frequency being less than the center frequency by the bandwidth; and a second interference signal having the power level exists at a second frequency, the second frequency being greater than the center frequency by the bandwidth. The method also includes receiving data from the non-ground communication node using the receiver via at least one processor.

[0007] In another embodiment, the user equipment may have one or more antennas, a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas, a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. The at least one processor may cause the transmitter and the receiver to detect a ground communication node, synchronize with the ground communication node, and cause the receiver to receive system information from the ground communication node that is conducive to communicating with a non-ground communication node. After receiving the system information, the user equipment may configure the receiver to be less than or equal to a threshold power for performance degradation when: a signal is received on a first channel having a center frequency and a bandwidth; and an interfering signal having a power level is present in a second channel and is at a frequency offset from the center frequency. The second channel may be associated with a subcarrier spacing value, and the frequency offset from the center frequency is based on the bandwidth, the subcarrier spacing value, and the fixed offset frequency. The user equipment may cause the receiver to receive data from the non-ground communication node.

[0008] In yet another embodiment, the user equipment may have one or more antennas, a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas, a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. The at least one processor may cause the transmitter and the receiver to detect a ground communication node, may synchronize with the ground communication node, and may cause the receiver to receive system information from the ground communication node that facilitates communication with a non-ground communication node. The user equipment may configure the receiver to be less than or equal to a threshold power for performance degradation when: a signal is received on a first channel having a center frequency and a bandwidth; and an interfering signal having a power level is present in a second channel and is at a frequency offset from the center frequency. The second channel may be associated with a subcarrier spacing value and a number of resource blocks, and the frequency offset from the center frequency is based on the bandwidth, the subcarrier spacing value, and the number of resource blocks. The user equipment may cause the receiver to receive data from the non-ground communication node.

[0009] Various improvements to the above features may exist with respect to various aspects of the present invention. Other features may also be added to these various aspects. These improvements and additional features may exist alone or in any combination. For example, the various features associated with one or more of the illustrated embodiments discussed below may be incorporated into any of the above aspects of the present invention alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with the specific aspects and context of the disclosed embodiments and does not limit the claimed subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Various aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and referring to the drawings described hereinafter, wherein like numerals refer to like parts.

[0011] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 2 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 Functional block diagram of an electronic device;

[0013] Figure 3 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a transmitter of an electronic device;

[0014] Figure 4 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a receiver of an electronic device;

[0015] Figure 5 is a diagram of a communication relationship between a user equipment, a terrestrial communication hub, and a non-terrestrial communication hub according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 6 is a graphical representation of an out-of-channel emission template compliant with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, which may be applied to Figure 3 a transmitter or implemented on such a transmitter;

[0017] Figure 7 is a graphical representation of an out-of-band emission template compliant with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard that can be applied to Figure 3 a transmitter or implemented on such a transmitter;

[0018] Figure 8 is a graphical representation of an out-of-channel emission template for a channel with an upper limit at a target frequency compliant with the ETSI standard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can be applied to Figure 3 a transmitter or implemented on such a transmitter;

[0019] Fig. 9 is an ETSI-compliant device for use with a Figure 8 A graphical representation of an out-of-channel emission template for a channel having a lower limit of a target frequency, the out-of-channel emission template being applicable to Figure 3 a transmitter or implemented on such a transmitter;

[0020] Fig.10 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 1A flowchart of a method for configuring a transceiver of an electronic device (e.g., user equipment) to comply with regional regulations or standards and communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including a satellite);

[0021] Fig.11 is a method for using a launch template to transmit Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for configuring a transmitter of (e.g., user equipment) to comply with regional regulations or standards and communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including satellite);

[0022] Fig.12 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 Graphical representation of the ETSI standard for adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) implemented by a receiver;

[0023] Fig.13 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 Graphical representation of the ETSI standard for in-band blocking implemented by a receiver;

[0024] Fig.14 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 4 Flowchart of a method for configuring a receiver (e.g., user equipment) to comply with regional standards governing adjacent channel selectivity and / or in-band blocking and to communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including satellite);

[0025] Fig.15 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 Graphical representation of the narrowband blocking scheme implemented by the receiver;

[0026] Fig.16 is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme using channel bandwidth dependent scaling (e.g., as Fig.15 Configuration Figure 4 A flowchart of a method of a receiver;

[0027] Fig.17 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 A graphical representation of a narrowband blocking scheme based on a fourth generation (4G) or long term evolution (LTE) narrowband blocking specification implemented by a receiver of

[0028] Fig.18 is to show that different narrowband blocking schemes (e.g. Fig.17 and Fig. 20 A table of threshold powers for performance degradation of different channel bandwidths used in (as shown);

[0029] Fig.19is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme based on 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specifications (e.g., as Fig.17 Configuration Figure 4 A flowchart of a method of a receiver;

[0030] Fig. 20 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 A graphical representation of a narrowband blocking scheme based on a fifth generation (5G) or new radio (NR) narrowband blocking specification implemented by a receiver of FIG.

[0031] Fig.21 is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme based on a 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification (e.g., as Fig. 20 Configuration Figure 4 A flowchart of a method of a receiver; and

[0032] Fig. 22 is a graphical representation of the inverse relationship between an interfering signal and the frequency of a center frequency offset (eg, offset frequency) of a channel of a received signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In order to provide a brief description of these embodiments, not all features of the actual implementation are described in this specification. It should be understood that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, decisions specific to many implementations must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints that may change from one implementation to another. In addition, it should be understood that such development work may be complex and time-consuming, but it will still be a routine task of design, processing and manufacturing for those of ordinary skill in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0034] When introducing the elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles "one / a kind of" and "the / said" are intended to mean one or more of the elements present. The terms "comprise", "comprising" and "having" are intended to be included, and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that reference to "one embodiment" or "embodiment" of the present disclosure is not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also combine the quoted features. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any appropriate manner. The use of the terms "roughly", "close to", "approximately" and / or "substantially" should be understood to mean including close to a target (e.g., design, value, amount), such as within the limits of any suitable or conceivable error (e.g., within 0.1% of a target, within 1% of a target, within 5% of a target, within 10% of a target, within 25% of a target, etc.).

[0035] Various government regulatory or standards bodies—such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in Europe, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) in China, and the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)—provide regulations or standards for radio frequency communications within certain frequency ranges or on certain bands (e.g., radio frequency emission regulations or standards). In order to facilitate device manufacturers to sell communication devices or "user equipment" (e.g., radio frequency communication devices such as mobile communication devices, smart phones, tablets, wearable devices, etc.) in a certain region, these manufacturers may make the user equipment comply with the regulations / standards of the region.

[0036] However, there may be differences between various regulatory and / or standard schemes around the world. For example, for the "L" band (e.g., 1.6 gigahertz (GHz) band) and the "S" band (e.g., 2 GHz band), the FCC has defined an out-of-channel emission template for user equipment (e.g., to keep the transmission power in the adjacent frequency range outside the channel of the transmitted signal below certain thresholds), but has not yet defined regulations for the reception performed by the user equipment. However, ETSI for the same band has defined out-of-band (e.g., to keep the transmission power in the adjacent frequency range outside the band of the transmitted signal below certain thresholds) and out-of-channel emission templates (stricter than those defined by the FCC), and has also defined standards for the reception performed by the user equipment. Therefore, user equipment sold and / or used in areas managed by ETSI standards may meet more stringent emission and reception standards. User equipment sold and / or used in areas managed by FCC regulations may meet less stringent emission regulations / standards, and may not meet any reception regulations / standards.

[0037] Therefore, the user equipment that complies with FCC regulations may not be able to operate in the area managed by ETSI, because the user equipment may not meet the stricter emission and reception standards imposed by ETSI. On the other hand, the user equipment that complies with ETSI standards can operate more inefficiently (e.g., have less transmission and reception capabilities) in the area managed by FCC, because the user equipment can follow FCC regulations instead of ETSI standards to operate. Although many terrestrial network users may not have experienced this problem, communicating with non-terrestrial networks can usually be associated with moving from one geographical area to another, and each geographical area may be managed by different regulatory and / or standard agencies. Therefore, if the user equipment complies with a regulation or standard, and moves to a geographical area managed by another regulation or standard to communicate with a non-terrestrial network, the user equipment may operate inefficiently, or even be unable to operate.

[0038] In addition, as defined by the ETSI standard, the in-band or narrow-band blocking specification (e.g., for L-band and S-band) results in a channel having a bandwidth of less than 10 MHz. That is, ETSI specifies that the noise level of the received signal on the channel does not exceed a threshold when there are interference signals 5 MHz less than the center frequency and 5 MHz greater than the center frequency. Extending the channel bandwidth to greater than or equal to 10 MHz can achieve greater data throughput, but it may be desirable to keep the noise level tolerance below the threshold to ensure adequate communication quality.

[0039] The present disclosure provides a technique for adjusting the configuration of a user equipment transmitter and / or receiver to comply with the regulations or standards of the region in which it is located to communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., a satellite network). Specifically, communicating with a non-terrestrial network may generally include doing so according to different geographical regions managed by different regulatory and / or standard agencies. Adjusting the configuration of the user equipment transmitter and / or receiver can improve communication efficiency and even enable the operation of the user equipment in different geographical regions, because the user equipment can be dynamically set to a more efficient or permitted configuration relative to non-terrestrial transmission and reception (e.g., when determining which regulations or standards the user equipment is to follow for operation). In some embodiments, the configuration of the user equipment may be set by default to follow less stringent regulations or standards (e.g., FCC regulations) for operation, and in the case of determining that the user equipment should follow more stringent regulations or standards for operation, it is adjusted to a less efficient configuration (e.g., ETSI standards).

[0040] As described above, for transmission within a certain frequency band (e.g., L band and S band), the FCC has defined an out-of-channel emission template for user equipment (e.g., to keep the transmission power within the adjacent frequency range outside the channel of the transmitted signal below certain thresholds). However, ETSI for the same frequency band has defined out-of-band (e.g., to keep the transmission power within the adjacent frequency range outside the band of the transmitted signal below certain thresholds) and out-of-channel emission templates, which are stricter than those defined by the FCC. In some embodiments, a ground network communication node (e.g., a communication node such as a base station that implements communication with a non-ground communication hub (such as a satellite) via a non-ground network) may indicate the regulations or standards that the user equipment is to comply with. The user equipment may store multiple transmitter configurations corresponding to multiple emission templates that comply with multiple regional regulations / standards. Upon receiving the indication, the user equipment may apply the emission template to the transmitter of the user equipment that complies with the regulations or standards indicated by the non-ground network communication node, and use the configured transmitter to send data to the non-ground network. That is, if the indication indicates FCC regulations, the user equipment may apply the out-of-channel emission template that complies with the FCC regulations to the transmitter. If the indication indicates the ETSI standard, the user equipment may apply to the transmitter an out-of-channel and out-of-band emission template that complies with the ETSI standard.

[0041] In addition, certain regulations can govern reception, for example, reception in L band and S band. For example, ETSI specifies the noise level tolerance of the received signal on the channel with center frequency and bandwidth in the following manner: ensure that when there is an interfering signal at a frequency of the bandwidth of the channel at a distance from the center frequency, the noise level of the received signal does not exceed the first threshold, and when there is an interfering signal at a distance of 5 MHz from the center frequency, the noise level of the received signal does not exceed the second threshold. However, FCC does not have such regulations for reception in L band and S band. Therefore, in some embodiments, the ground communication node can indicate the regulations or standards that the user equipment complies with. The user equipment can store multiple receiver configurations that comply with multiple regional regulations or standards. Upon receiving the indication, the user equipment can apply a receiver that complies with the regulations or standards indicated by the ground communication node, and use the configured receiver to receive data from a non-ground network. That is, if the indication indicates the ETSI standard, the user equipment can configure the receiver to comply with the noise level tolerance specified by the ETSI standard. If the indication indicates the FCC regulation, the user equipment may not configure the receiver to comply with the noise level tolerance specified by the ETSI standard.

[0042] These regulations or standards may define a fixed frequency offset between a desired signal and an interfering signal (e.g., an unwanted signal in an adjacent or nearby frequency channel that may interfere with the desired signal). This fixed frequency offset may limit the range of channel bandwidth that can be used. For example, if the frequency offset is fixed by a regulation or standard at a distance from the center frequency (f c )5MHz, then the signal with a bandwidth of 5MHz can be sufficiently separated from the interfering signal so that almost no interference from the interfering signal is received. However, if the signal has a bandwidth of 10MHz, there may be significant interference caused by the proximity between the edge of the desired signal and the interfering signal.

[0043] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a technique for implementing a frequency offset between a desired signal and an interfering signal that can be scaled according to the channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. By enabling channel bandwidth dependent scaling, user equipment can utilize a wider range of channel bandwidths, which may result in higher throughput and a more flexible signal data rate range.

[0044] As described above, as defined by the ETSI standard, in-band or narrowband blocking specifications (e.g., for L band and S band) cause the channel to have a bandwidth less than 10 megahertz (MHz), because the ETSI standard ensures that the noise level of the received signal on the channel does not exceed the threshold when there is an interference signal less than 5MHz and greater than 5MHz of the center frequency. In order to expand the channel bandwidth (e.g., in L band and S band) to be greater than or equal to 10MHz, while keeping the noise level of the received signal below the threshold to ensure sufficient communication quality, in some embodiments, the interference signal may be located at a frequency depending on the channel bandwidth (e.g., scaling based on the channel bandwidth) (e.g., rather than a fixed 5MHz frequency offset). In additional or alternative embodiments, other factors other than the channel bandwidth can be used to determine the frequency of the interference signal, while keeping the noise level of the received signal below the threshold to ensure sufficient communication quality. For example, the interference signal may be located at a frequency depending on the channel bandwidth, the subcarrier spacing of the channel and / or the fixed frequency offset. As another example, the interference signal may be located at a frequency depending on the channel bandwidth, the subcarrier spacing of the channel and / or the number of resource blocks of the other channel in another channel. By enabling channel bandwidth (and possibly other factors) dependent scaling of interfering signals, a wider range of channel bandwidths may be achieved, which may result in higher throughput and a more flexible range of signal data rates for user equipment.

[0045] In addition, regulation or standard can define the threshold value that the noise level of received signal will not exceed.For example, as mentioned above, ETSI standard guarantees that when there is the interference signal present at the frequency place less than 5MHz than the center frequency and the frequency place greater than 5MHz than the center frequency, the noise level of received signal on the channel (for example, with the bandwidth of 5MHz) does not exceed the threshold value (for example, 1 decibel milliwatt).Can determine the threshold value of 1 decibel milliwatt based on the distance (for example, in frequency) of interference signal and channel offset, because the interference signal is closer to the channel (for example, the smaller the offset), the interference from the interference signal to the channel is greater.That is to say, the threshold value and the interference signal change inversely proportional to the frequency of the received signal offset.In addition, because the offset frequency can directly change with the channel bandwidth, the threshold value can also directly change with the channel bandwidth.Therefore, in the embodiment where the interference signal is closer to the received signal / channel in frequency, because the influence of the interference of the interference signal is greater, the threshold value can be relaxed (for example, increase).In the embodiment where the interference signal is farther away from the received signal / channel in frequency, because the influence of the interference of the interference signal is smaller, the threshold value can be reduced. For example, when compared to the ETSI standard using a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz and a threshold of 1 decibel milliwatt, if the channel bandwidth is less than 5 MHz, the currently disclosed embodiment can enable the threshold to be greater than 1 decibel milliwatt (due to the interference signal being closer to the received signal). On the other hand, if the channel bandwidth is greater than 5 MHz, the currently disclosed embodiment can enable the threshold to be less than 1 decibel milliwatt (due to the interference signal being closer to the received signal). Therefore, the present disclosure provides a technique for scaling the noise tolerance deviation of a received signal based on the frequency of the interference signal offset from the received signal.

[0046] Although the present disclosure mentions that certain frequency bands (e.g., L-band, S-band) are used for non-terrestrial network communications to enable user equipment to comply with different regulations or standards of certain regulatory or standards bodies (e.g., ETSI, FCC, 3GPP), it should be understood that for any suitable frequency band or range, and / or for any suitable type of communication (e.g., terrestrial communications, such as communication between two user equipment on Earth using a cellular network), the disclosed embodiments may also be applied to the regulations or standards of any suitable regulatory or standards body.

[0047] In view of the above, Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 10 may include, among other things, one or more processors 12 (collectively referred to herein as a single processor for convenience, which may be implemented in any suitable form of processing circuitry), a memory 14, a non-volatile storage device 16, a display 18, input structures 22, an input / output (I / O) interface 24, a network interface 26, and a power supply 29. Figure 1The various functional blocks shown in may include hardware elements (including circuits), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium), or a combination of both hardware elements and software elements. The processor 12, memory 14, non-volatile storage device 16, display 18, input structure 22, input / output (I / O) interface 24, network interface 26 and / or power supply 29 may each be directly or indirectly communicatively coupled to each other (e.g., through or via another component, a communication bus, a network) to transmit and / or receive data between each other. It should be noted that Figure 1 It is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in electronic device 10 .

[0048] By way of example, electronic device 10 may represent a block diagram of any suitable computing device, including a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a portable electronic or handheld electronic device (e.g., a wireless electronic device or a smart phone), a tablet computer, a wearable electronic device, and other similar devices. Specifically, electronic device 10 may include user equipment or a radio frequency communication device, such as a mobile communication device, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, etc. In some embodiments, electronic device 10 may include any suitable communication hub or node (or may be included in any suitable communication hub or node), such as a terrestrial communication hub or node, a non-terrestrial communication hub or node, a base station, or a network operator. It should be noted that Figure 1 The processor 12 and other related items in the embodiment of the present invention may be generally referred to as "data processing circuitry" herein. Such data processing circuitry may be embodied in whole or in part as software, hardware, or any combination thereof. Figure 1 Other related items in the electronic device 10 may be single independent processing modules, or may be fully or partially integrated into any of the other elements in the electronic device 10. The processor 12 may be implemented with a combination of a general-purpose microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, a gated logic, a discrete hardware component, a dedicated hardware finite state machine, or any other suitable entity that can perform calculations or other manipulations of information. The processor 12 may perform various functions described herein and below.

[0049] exist Figure 1In the electronic device 10, the processor 12 may be operably coupled to the memory 14 and the non-volatile storage device 16 to execute various algorithms. Such programs or instructions executed by the processor 12 may be stored in any suitable article including one or more tangible computer-readable media. The tangible computer-readable medium may include the memory 14 and / or the non-volatile storage device 16, individually or collectively, to store instructions or routines. The memory 14 and the non-volatile storage device 16 may include any suitable article for storing data and executable instructions, such as random access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drive, and optical disk. In addition, the program (e.g., operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions that can be executed by the processor 12 to enable the electronic device 10 to provide various functions.

[0050] In some embodiments, display 18 may facilitate a user viewing images generated on electronic device 10. In some embodiments, display 18 may include a touch screen that may facilitate a user interacting with a user interface of electronic device 10. Furthermore, it should be understood that in some embodiments, display 18 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light emitting diode (LED) displays, organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, or some combination of these and / or other display technologies.

[0051] The input structures 22 of the electronic device 10 may enable a user to interact with the electronic device 10 (e.g., press a button to increase or decrease a volume level). As with the network interface 26, the I / O interface 24 may enable the electronic device 10 to interact with various other electronic devices. The network interface 26 may, for example, include one or more interfaces for a personal area network (PAN) such as a A network, a local area network (LAN) or a wireless local area network (WLAN) such as one of the IEEE 802.11x family of protocols (e.g., ) networks and / or wide area networks (WANs) such as any standards associated with the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including, for example, third generation (3G) cellular networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), fourth generation (4G) cellular networks, Long Term Evolution (LET), and / or Wide Area Networks (WANs). A cellular network, a Long Term Evolution Licensed Assisted Access (LTE-LAA) cellular network, a fifth generation (5G) cellular network and / or a new radio (NR) cellular network, and / or a non-terrestrial network such as a satellite communication network. Specifically, the network interface 26 may include, for example, one or more interfaces for the Release-15 cellular communication standard of the 5G specification for use including a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range (e.g., 24.25-300 gigahertz (GHz)). The network interface 26 of the electronic device 10 may allow communication through the aforementioned networks (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, LTE-LAA, etc.).

[0052] The network interface 26 may also include, for example, one or more interfaces for broadband fixed wireless access networks (eg, ), mobile broadband wireless network (mobile ), asynchronous digital subscriber line (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital video terrestrial broadcasting Network and its extension DVB Handheld Networks, ultra-wideband (UWB) networks, alternating current (AC) power lines, etc.

[0053] As shown, the network interface 26 may include a transceiver 30. In some embodiments, all or part of the transceiver 30 may be disposed within the processor 12. The transceiver 30 may support communication via one or more antennas ( Figure 1 The power supply 29 of the electronic device 10 may include any suitable power source, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and / or an alternating current (AC) power converter. In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other types of electronic devices.

[0054] Figure 2 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 1 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device 10. As shown, the processor 12, memory 14, transceiver 30, transmitter 52, receiver 54 and / or antenna 55 (shown as 55A to 55N) may be directly or indirectly communicatively coupled to each other (e.g., through or via another component, a communication bus, a network) to send and / or receive data between each other.

[0055] The electronic device 10 may include a transmitter 52 and / or a receiver 54, which respectively enable data to be sent and received between the electronic device 10 and a remote location via, for example, a network associated with the electronic device 10 or a direct connection and an external transceiver (e.g., in the form of a cell, an eNB (E-UTRAN Node B or Evolved Node B) or a gNB (Next Generation NodeB or gNodeB), a base station, a non-terrestrial network, a satellite, etc.). As shown, the transmitter 52 and the receiver 54 may be combined into a transceiver 30. The electronic device 10 may also have one or more antennas 55A to 55N, which are electrically coupled to the transceiver 30. The antennas 55A-55N may be configured in an omnidirectional or directional configuration, a single beam, a dual beam or a multi-beam arrangement, etc. Each antenna 55 may be associated with one or more beams and various configurations. In some embodiments, multiple antennas in the antennas 55A to 55N of the antenna group or module may be communicatively coupled to the corresponding transceiver 30, and each transmits a radio frequency signal that can be advantageously and / or destructively combined to form a beam. The electronic device 10 may include (not shown) multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers and / or multiple antennas as required by various communication standards.

[0056] The transmitter 52 may wirelessly transmit packets having different packet types or functions. For example, the transmitter 52 may transmit packets of different types generated by the processor 12. The receiver 54 may wirelessly receive packets having different packet types. In some examples, the receiver 54 may detect the type of packet used and process the packet accordingly. In some embodiments, the transmitter 52 and the receiver 54 may transmit and receive information via other wired or cable systems or devices.

[0057] As shown, the various components of the electronic device 10 can be coupled together via a bus system 56. The bus system 56 may include, for example, a data bus and, in addition to the data bus, a power bus, a control signal bus, and a status signal bus. The components of the electronic device 10 may be coupled together or use some other mechanism to receive or provide input to each other.

[0058] Figure 3is a schematic diagram of a transmitter 52 (e.g., a transmitting circuit) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the transmitter 52 may receive outgoing data 60 in the form of a digital signal to be transmitted via one or more antennas 55. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 62 of the transmitter 52 may convert the digital signal into an analog signal, and a modulator 64 may combine the converted analog signal with a carrier signal to generate a radio wave. A power amplifier (PA) 66 receives a signal from the modulator 64—a modulated signal. The power amplifier 66 amplifies the modulated signal to a suitable level to drive the signal to be transmitted via one or more antennas 55. A filter 68 (e.g., a filter circuit and / or software) of the transmitter 52 may then remove undesirable noise from the amplified signal to generate transmit data 70 to be transmitted via one or more antennas 55. The filter 68 may include any suitable filter or filters for removing undesirable noise from the amplified signal, such as a bandpass filter, a bandstop filter, a lowpass filter, a highpass filter, and / or a decimation filter. Additionally, the transmitter 52 may include any suitable additional components not shown, or may exclude some of the components shown, such that the transmitter 52 may send outgoing data 60 via one or more antennas 55. For example, the transmitter 52 may include a mixer and / or a digital upconverter. As another example, if the power amplifier 66 outputs an amplified signal at or about a desired frequency range (such that filtering of the amplified signal may not be necessary), the transmitter 52 may not include the filter 68.

[0059] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of a receiver 54 (e.g., receiving circuit) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the receiver 54 may receive received data 80 in the form of an analog signal from one or more antennas 55. A low noise amplifier (LNA) 82 may amplify the received analog signal to a suitable level for processing by the receiver 54. A filter 84 (e.g., a filter circuit and / or software) may remove undesirable noise, such as cross-channel interference, from the received signal. The filter 84 may also remove additional signals whose frequencies are different from the desired signal received by one or more antennas 55. The filter 84 may include any suitable filter or filter for removing undesirable noise or signals from the received signal, such as a bandpass filter, a bandstop filter, a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, and / or a decimation filter. The demodulator 86 may remove the RF envelope and / or extract the demodulated signal from the filtered signal for processing. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 88 may receive the demodulated analog signal and convert the signal into a digital signal of the incoming data 90 for further processing by the electronic device 10. Additionally, receiver 54 may include any suitable additional components not shown, or may exclude some of the components shown, such that receiver 54 may receive receive data 80 via one or more antennas 55. For example, receiver 54 may include a mixer and / or a digital downconverter.

[0060] Figure 5 FIG95 is a diagram illustrating a communication relationship between a user equipment 96, a ground communication node 97, and a non-ground communication node 98. The ground communication node 97 may include a base station, such as a base station that provides 5G / New Radio (NR) coverage (e.g., a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) base station) and enables communication with a non-ground network. The user equipment 96 and the ground communication node 97 may include Figure 1 and Figure 2 At least some of the components of the electronic device 10 shown (including the transmitter 52, the receiver 54), and Figure 3 and Figure 4The user equipment 96 may communicate with the terrestrial communication node 97 to establish a communication link to the non-terrestrial communication node 98. For example, the user equipment 96 may send a request to the terrestrial communication node 97 (e.g., via the processor 12) seeking an available uplink frequency channel and / or an available downlink frequency channel to establish communication with the non-terrestrial communication node 98. These channels may be in the L band (e.g., 1.6 gigahertz (GHz) band) and / or the S band (e.g., 2 GHz band) that may be used to communicate with a satellite such as the non-terrestrial communication node 98. For example, the user equipment 96 may use the sub-bands 1610 megahertz (MHz) to 1626.5 MHz, 1626.5 MHz to 1660.5 MHz, and 1668 MHz to 1675 MHz of the L band and the sub-bands 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz of the S band for uplink or to send data to the non-ground communication node 98, and the user equipment 96 may use the sub-bands 1518 MHz to 1559 MHz and 1613.8 MHz to 1626.5 MHz of the L band and the sub-bands 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz and 2483.5 MHz to 2500 MHz of the S band for downlink or to receive data from the non-ground communication node 98.

[0061] As used herein, NTNs may include satellite networks, HAPS (high altitude platform systems, high altitude platform stations and / or high altitude pseudo-satellites) networks, air-to-ground networks, and the like. Additionally, non-terrestrial communication hubs may include any airborne or spaceborne object that has been intentionally placed in orbit, such as a conventional spaceborne orbiting satellite having a geostationary orbit or geosynchronous orbit (GEO) at about 36,000 km, a medium earth orbit (MEO) at about 7,000 km to 20,000 km, or a low earth orbit (LEO) at about 300 m to 1,500 km. In additional or alternative embodiments, non-terrestrial communication hubs may include any airborne device or vehicle or atmospheric satellite, such as a balloon satellite, a manned aircraft (e.g., an airplane, an airship, or any other aircraft) or an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAS), HAPS, and the like. Additionally, non-terrestrial communication hubs may include a network or constellation of any of the non-terrestrial vehicles, devices, and / or satellites described above.

[0062] Figure 6 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the Figure 3104 is a graphical representation of FCC regulations 100 for an out-of-channel emission template for a transmitter 52 or implemented on the transmitter. An emission template or spectrum emission mask (SEM) is a relative measure of the transmit power outside a target frequency range relative to the transmit power of a transmitted signal within the target frequency range. For example, a regulatory or standards entity (e.g., the FCC) may define one or more threshold powers and one or more corresponding frequency ranges that emissions caused by the transmitter 52 may not exceed. Thus, the emission template 104 may contain or limit leakage of transmitted signals in the channel 102 into other frequency ranges, channels, and / or bands, as such leakage may interfere with signals in the other frequency ranges, channels, or bands.

[0063] Figure 6 , the horizontal axis 106 in represents frequency (measured in MHz), and the vertical axis 108 represents power (measured in decibel milliwatts (dBm) / MHz). The emission template may indicate one or more emission thresholds for one or more corresponding frequency ranges (e.g., outside a target frequency range such as a target band or channel). That is, the emission template may provide an upper limit on the signal power (e.g., caused by or leaked from the transmit channel 102) that may be allowed to leak into the corresponding frequency range (e.g., a nearby frequency channel or band). As shown, the emission template 104 provides one or more emission thresholds for one or more corresponding frequency ranges outside of a target channel (such as a channel 102 centered at 1618.15 MHz). Specifically, the out-of-channel emission template 104 indicates that signal leakage caused by the transmit channel 102 in the frequency range between 1617.65 MHz and 1617.95 MHz cannot exceed a threshold of -18 dBm / MHz. Thus, any signal leakage within the frequency range is tolerable below -18 dBm / MHz, but a transmitter 52 equipped with an FCC-compliant emission template 104 may not transmit leakage signals above -18 dBm / MHz within the frequency range. Signal leakage may be caused by several factors, such as nonlinear factors in the electronic device 10 (e.g., performance variations due to changes in ambient temperature, real-world manufacturing effects, manufacturing defects, non-ideal components). To address signal leakage, the user equipment 96 may include a configuration such that the transmitter 52 contains or limits out-of-band emissions (or, for out-of-channel emission templates, out-of-channel emissions) within one or more threshold powers for one or more frequency ranges. To implement or apply an emission template (e.g., emission template 104), the processor 12 may utilize a variety of techniques, such as power backoff (e.g., reducing transmit power) and / or frequency filtering (e.g., using filter 68).

[0064] As previously discussed, user equipment 96 may be configured to comply with regulations or standards defined by a regulatory or standards body, and these regulations / standards may change as user equipment 96 moves from one geographic region to another. Figure 6 In the discussion of , the regulations are defined by the FCC. However, if user equipment 96 moves to another region outside the United States (e.g., to Europe), user equipment 96 can be reconfigured to comply with the regulations or standards of other regions (e.g., standards defined by ETSI).

[0065] Figure 7 1 is a graphical representation of the ETSI standard 120 for an out-of-band transmission template 124 for a manageable transmitter 52 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission template 124 may indicate one or more transmission thresholds for one or more corresponding frequency ranges outside of the target frequency band 122 between 1610 MHz and 1626.5 MHz. In some embodiments, the processor 12 may receive or determine the regional standard in which the user equipment 96 is located, and utilize Figure 7 The out-of-band emission template 124 shown (e.g., using the Fig.10 and Fig.11 Method 200 or 250) configures transmitter 52 to comply with the regional standard.

[0066] Figure 8 1 is a graphical representation of the ETSI standard 130 for an out-of-channel transmission template 134 for a channel with an upper limit at a target frequency, which can be applied to or implemented on the transmitter 52 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, the transmission template 134 can indicate one or more transmission thresholds for one or more corresponding frequency ranges outside the target frequency channel 132 with an upper limit at 1618.25 MHz. In some embodiments, the processor 12 can receive or determine the regional standard in which the user equipment 96 is located, and utilize the out-of-channel transmission template 134 (e.g., using the method discussed below) to determine the regional standard in which the user equipment 96 is located. Fig.10 and Fig.11 Method 200 or 250) configures transmitter 52 to comply with the regional standard.

[0067] Fig. 91 is a graphical representation of the ETSI standard 140 for an out-of-channel emission template 144 for a channel with a lower limit at a target frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which can be applied to or implemented on the transmitter 52. Specifically, the emission template 144 can indicate one or more emission thresholds for one or more corresponding frequency ranges outside the target frequency channel 142 with a lower limit at 1618.25 MHz. In some embodiments, the processor 12 can receive or determine the regional standard in which the user equipment 96 is located, and configure the transmitter 52 to comply with the regional standard using the out-of-channel emission template 144. As shown in the figure, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The transmission templates 134 and 144 of ETSI are channel specific. In addition, when the user equipment 96 is in the same geographic region (e.g., the region in Europe managed by ETSI), the transmission templates 124, 134, and 144 that comply with ETSI can be applied to channels in the same frequency band. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments can provide a technique that enables the user equipment 96 to select between different transmission templates even in the same geographic region managed by the same regulatory entity / standards body.

[0068] Conforming to the standards of the geographic region in which the user equipment 96 is located can increase the efficiency of the user equipment 96 in a different geographic region or even prevent deactivation of the user equipment in a different geographic region because the user equipment can be dynamically set to a more efficient or permissive configuration relative to non-terrestrial transmission and reception (for example, when determining which standards the user equipment is to operate in accordance with).

[0069] The user equipment 96 may determine its location using information received from the ground communication node 97. The ground communication node 97 may broadcast system information to multiple devices (e.g., user equipment 96) within the range of the ground communication node 97 (e.g., in a cell supported by the ground communication node) via a system information block (SIB). The SIB may include information that enables the user equipment 96 to establish communication with the ground communication node 97, such as indicating to the user equipment receiving the SIB one or more network signaling (NS) values ​​of regulations / standards (e.g., FCC, ETSI, MIIT) to be complied with. Using the NS value, the processor 12 of the user equipment 96 may configure the transceiver 30 to comply with the regulations / standards of the area where the user equipment 96 is located.

[0070] Fig.10is a flow chart of a method 200 for configuring a transceiver 30 of a user equipment 96 to comply with regional regulations / standards and communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including a non-terrestrial communication node 98) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that can control components of the user equipment 96, the terrestrial communication node 97, the non-terrestrial network, and the non-terrestrial communication node 98 (such as the processor 12 of each of these devices or systems) can perform the method 200. In some embodiments, the method 200 can be implemented by using the processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 14 or a storage device 16. For example, the method 200 can be performed at least in part by one or more software components of the user equipment 96, the terrestrial communication node 97, the non-terrestrial network, and the non-terrestrial communication node 98, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, etc. Although the method 200 is described using a specific order of steps, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the described steps can be performed in an order different from the order shown, and that some described steps can be skipped or not performed at all.

[0071] In process block 202, the user equipment 96 detects the ground communication node 97. Specifically, the user equipment 96 can detect the ground communication node 97 by broadcasting a radio frequency (RF) signal. Upon receiving the signal, the ground communication node 97 can respond with timing alignment information and other information. In process block 204, the user equipment 96 synchronizes with the ground communication node 97 by aligning its timing with the timing alignment information of the ground communication node 97.

[0072] In process block 206, the ground communication node 97 broadcasts system information with an NS tag or NS value indicating a regional regulation or standard (e.g., FCC regulation, ETSI standard, etc.). In process block 208, the user equipment 96 reads the system information including the NS value, thereby determining the regional regulation / standard to be followed for operation. In process block 210, the user equipment 96 configures the transceiver 30 (e.g., the transmitter 52, the receiver 54, or both) based on the regulation / standard indicated by the NS value. The user equipment 96 (e.g., via the processor 12) can configure the transceiver 30 in the following manner: adjusting the power of the transmitter 52, adjusting the power of the receiver 54, removing one or more filters from the circuit path of the transceiver 30, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers in the circuit path of the transceiver, etc. In process block 212, the user equipment 96 uses the configured transceiver 30 to send data to the non-ground communication node 98 or receive data from the non-ground communication node. In process block 214, the non-terrestrial communication node 98 receives data from or sends data to the user equipment 96. In this manner, the method 200 may enable the user equipment 96 to configure the transceiver 30 to comply with regional regulations / standards and communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including the non-terrestrial communication node 98).

[0073] Fig.11 is a method for using a launch template to transmit Figure 3 Flowchart of a method 250 for configuring a transmitter 52 (e.g., of a user equipment 96) to comply with regional regulations or standards and communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including a non-terrestrial communication node 98). Any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that can control components of the user equipment 96 (such as the processor 12) can perform the method 250. In some embodiments, the method 250 can be implemented by using the processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 14 or a storage device 16. For example, the method 250 can be performed at least in part by one or more software components of the user equipment 96, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, etc. Although the method 250 is described using a particular order of steps, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the steps may be performed in an order different from the order shown, and that some of the steps may be skipped or not performed at all.

[0074] In process block 252, the processor 12 detects the ground communication node 97. Specifically, the processor 12 detects the ground communication node 97 by broadcasting a radio frequency (RF) signal. Upon receiving the signal, the ground communication node 97 may respond with timing alignment information and other information. In process block 204, the processor 12 synchronizes with the ground communication node 97 by aligning its timing with the timing alignment information of the ground communication node 97.

[0075] In process block 256, processor 12 receives system information from ground communication node 97. That is, ground communication node 97 may broadcast system information with an NS tag or NS value indicating regional regulations / standards to user equipment 96. In query block 258, processor 12 determines whether the NS value indicates an ETSI standard. That is, ground communication node 97 may indicate in the NS value the regulations / standards governing the region in which it is located.

[0076] If the NS value indicates that the ETSI standard is not regulated, then in process block 260, the processor 12 configures the transmitter 52 with a transmission template that conforms to a default regulation or standard. The default regulation / standard may be any set of transmission regulations or standards (e.g., defined by ETSI, FCC, etc.). However, it may be beneficial to set the default configuration to a less stringent set of regulations or standards, such as FCC regulations (because FCC regulations may be less stringent than ETSI standards). Thus, the default configuration may include Figure 6 The launch template 104 in.

[0077] If the NS value indicates that ETSI standards govern the region in which user equipment 96 is located, then in process block 262, processor 12 utilizes a transmission template that complies with the ETSI standards (e.g., Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Once the processor 12 has configured the transmitter 52 so as to comply with the regulatory regulations or standards for the region, the processor 12 uses the transmitter 52 to send data to the non-terrestrial communication node 98, as seen in process block 264. In this manner, the method 250 may enable the processor 12 to utilize the transmission templates to transmit data to the non-terrestrial communication node 98. Figure 3 The transmitter 52 (e.g., of the user equipment 96) is configured to comply with regional regulations or standards and to communicate with the non-terrestrial network (e.g., including the non-terrestrial communication node 98). The user equipment 96 may (e.g., via the processor 12) configure the transmitter 52 as described in process blocks 260 and 262 by adjusting the power of the transmitter 52, removing one or more filters from the circuit path of the transmitter 52, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers from the circuit path of the transmitter 52, etc.

[0078] As previously described, the transmission template may be band-specific and / or channel-specific. Thus, even if the user equipment 96 remains in the same region (e.g., the region in Europe governed by ETSI), there may be several different regulations or standard schemes to comply with, depending on the frequency band and / or frequency channel assigned to the transmission channel 102 (e.g., Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9144 in FIG. 14A ). Thus, the disclosed embodiments may provide techniques for enabling user equipment 96 to select between different transmission templates even in the same geographic region governed by the same regulatory entity / standards body.

[0079] Similar to the regulations / standards for the transmitter 52, the regulations / standards for the receiver 54 (e.g., which receives signals in the S band) may vary from region to region. For example, ETSI has defined out-of-band and out-of-channel standards for signal reception in the S band by user equipment (e.g., user equipment 96). These standards may be related to adjacent channel selectivity (ACS), in-band blocking, and / or other performance or noise characteristics. In contrast, other regulatory or standard entities (such as the FCC) may not be defined as such regulations or standards for signal reception by user equipment 96. Due to such regulatory differences, it may be beneficial to implement receiver configuration based on applicable regulations or standards for signal reception (e.g., associated with the receiver 54) and signal transmission (e.g., associated with the transmitter 52).

[0080] Fig.12 300 is a graphical representation of an ETSI standard 300 for adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) that may be implemented by a receiver 54 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. ACS may include the receiver 54 selecting adjacent channels 305 having a center frequency 308 in the presence of an interfering or blocking signal at a given frequency offset from the center frequency desired received signal. c ) 304) to receive the desired received signal on the channel 302). The center frequency 308 of the adjacent channel 305 can be defined as the sum of the center frequency 304 of the channel 302 and the bandwidth (BW) 314 of the channel 302 (or f c +BW).

[0081] The ETSI standard related to ACS may define a threshold power or noise tolerance level for performance degradation (e.g., noise tolerance 310) that may not be exceeded when the interfering signal is at a specified power level (e.g., power level 312). For example, the ETSI standard related to ACS may specify that when an interfering signal is present in an adjacent channel 305 (e.g., having a center frequency 308 that is the sum of the center frequency 304 of the channel 302 and the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302) and having a power level 312 that is 12 dB greater than the threshold power / noise tolerance level 310 for performance degradation, the desired received signal on the channel 302 may be degraded by no more than 0.5 dB (e.g., no more than 0.5 dB of noise may be tolerated). Therefore, if the threshold power for performance degradation is the reference sensitivity power level ("REFSENS") + 0.5 dB, the power level 312 of the interfering signal 306 is REFSENS + 12.5 dB. However, it should be appreciated that any suitable performance-degraded threshold power 310 and / or power level of interfering signal 306 may be used.

[0082] REFSENS may include a minimum receiver input power measured at an antenna (e.g., antenna 55) of a receiver (e.g., receiver 54), or a noise level at the receiver when no interfering signal (e.g., 306) is present. It should be noted that REFSENS is not a requirement defined by ETSI, and the REFSENS values ​​referred to in this disclosure refer to the reference sensitivity exhibited by the receiver 54 in the absence of the interfering signal 306. However, in some embodiments, REFSENS may refer to a definition provided in accordance with the new radio standard, as shown below in Equation 1:

[0083] REFSENSE(dBm)=-174dBm+NF+10*log(RXBW)-DiversityGain+SNR+IM

[0084] (Equation 1)

[0085] In Equation 1, NF is the noise figure, RXBW is the receive channel bandwidth 302, Diversity Gain is the diversity gain, SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio, and IM is the impairment margin (e.g., a measure of the ability of the receiver 54 to receive the desired signal on its assigned channel 302 in the presence of two or more interfering signals having a particular frequency relationship to the desired signal). For example, REFSENS for a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz is -96.7 dBm at IM 2.5 dB, -97.2 dBm at IM 2.0 dB, -97.7 dBm at IM 1.5 dB, and -98.2 dBm at IM 1.0 dB.

[0086] The primary purpose of REFSENS is to facilitate determining the degradation of a desired received signal (e.g., channel 302) when noise is introduced (e.g., when there is an interfering signal 306). Thus, the ETSI standard 300 for ACS can ensure that the receiver 54 receives a signal of sufficient quality even in the presence of noise in the adjacent channel 305.

[0087] Fig.13 3 is a graphical representation of an ETSI standard 320 for in-band blocking that may be implemented by a receiver 54 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In-band blocking may prevent noise (e.g., an interfering signal) in the same frequency band as a desired received signal from excessively interfering with the desired received signal. The ETSI standard specifies a threshold power or noise tolerance level (e.g., threshold power 322 for performance degradation) at which the interfering signal is detected when the interfering signal is 10 MHz less than the lower edge of the operating band of the received signal (e.g., BE L –10MHz) to 10MHz greater than the upper edge of the operating band (e.g., BE U +10 MHz) may not exceed the threshold power or noise tolerance level at which performance is degraded. ETSI defines a power or noise tolerance level that is within the range of the center frequency 304 (e.g., f c ) is offset by 5 MHz (eg, offset frequency) to a fixed offset frequency 316 (eg, f c +5Mhz, f c –5 MHz). Specifically, the interfering signal may have a frequency in the same frequency band as the received signal. Thus, the ETSI standard 320 for in-band blocking may ensure that the receiver 54 receives a signal of sufficient quality even in the presence of noise in the same frequency band (e.g., 2473.5 MHz to 2510 MHz) as the signal of sufficient quality. Thus, in compliance with the ETSI standard, the offset frequency 316 will remain 5 MHz from the center frequency 304 regardless of the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302. Thus, this may limit the ability of the user equipment 96 to receive on channels having a bandwidth greater than 5 MHz, and by extension, limit the throughput of the channel 302. This will be noted in the FIG. Fig.15 , Fig.17 and Fig. 20 This is addressed in more depth in the discussion of narrowband blocking receiver configurations in .

[0088] The processor 12 can configure the receiver 54 to meet blocking regulations or standards, such as ACS and in-band blocking regulations or standards, by performing power backoff and / or filtering techniques. However, meeting blocking regulations or standards may result in certain performance trade-offs (such as power or insertion loss), thereby resulting in (e.g., noise caused by interfering signals) receiver performance or REFSENS degradation. When not operating in an area with blocking regulations or standards (e.g., not operating in an area managed by ETSI), the user equipment 96 can benefit from configuring the receiver 54 to operate by less stringent blocking regulations or standards. Therefore, it may be advantageous to enable the processor 12 to apply different receiver configurations to meet different regional regulations or standards according to the area where the user equipment 96 is located. Similar to the transmitter 52, the processor 12 can configure the receiver 54 using a default configuration that complies with regulations or standards (e.g., FCC regulations) that are less stringent than the ETSI standard, and if the user equipment 96 is located in an area managed by ETSI, the receiver 54 can be reconfigured to meet the ETSI standard.

[0089] Fig.14 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 4 Flowchart of a method 350 for configuring a receiver 54 (e.g., of a user equipment 96) to comply with regional regulations / standards governing ACS and / or in-band blocking and to communicate with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., including a non-terrestrial communication node 98). The method 350 may be performed by any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that may control a component of the user equipment 96, such as a processor 12. In some embodiments, the method 350 may be implemented by using the processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a memory 14 or a storage device 16. For example, the method 350 may be performed, at least in part, by one or more software components of the user equipment 96, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, and the like. Although the method 350 is described using steps in a particular order, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the steps may be performed in an order different from that shown, and that some of the steps may be skipped or not performed at all.

[0090] The processor 12 may execute a program similar to Fig.11In process blocks 252, 254, and 256 of method 250 in process blocks 352, 354, and 356. In query block 358, the processor 12 determines whether the NS value indicates an ETSI standard. That is, the ground communication node 97 may indicate in the NS value the regulations / standards that govern the area in which it is located. If the NS value indicates that the ETSI standard is not regulated, then in process block 360, the processor 12 configures the receiver 54 to comply with a default regulation / standard (e.g., FCC regulation). The default regulation / standard may be more stringent than other regulations / standards (e.g., ETSI standards) that the processor 12 may cause the receiver 54 to comply with. In some embodiments, the processor 12 may not configure the receiver 54 at all because the default less stringent regulation / standard may not apply to ACS or in-band blocking. If the NS value indicates that the ETSI standard governs the area in which the user equipment 96 is located, then in process block 362, the processor 12 configures the receiver 54 to comply with the ETSI blocking standard. That is, the processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 to comply with Fig.12 and Fig.13 In process block 364, after the receiver 54 is configured to comply with the appropriate regulations / standards, the processor 12 receives data from the non-terrestrial communication node 98 using the configured receiver 54. In this way, the method 350 enables the processor 12 to Figure 4 The receiver 54 (e.g., of the user equipment 96) is configured to comply with regional regulations / standards governing ACS and / or in-band blocking and to communicate with non-terrestrial networks (e.g., including non-terrestrial communication nodes 98). The processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 as described in process blocks 360 and 362 by adjusting the power of the receiver 54, removing one or more filters from a circuit path of the receiver 54, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers from a circuit path of the receiver 54, etc.

[0091] Fig.15 4 is a graphical representation of a narrowband blocking scheme 400 using channel bandwidth dependent scaling that may be implemented by a receiver 54 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Narrowband blocking may prevent noise (e.g., jammers) in a narrow frequency band from excessively interfering with desired received signals. The narrowband blocking scheme 400 may be applied to reception in non-terrestrial frequency bands—particularly reception of signals in the S-band, but it should be understood that the narrowband blocking scheme 400 may be applied to any suitable frequency range.

[0092] When the receiver 54 is receiving a signal (e.g., 302) on a channel having a bandwidth (e.g., 314) and a center frequency (e.g., 304), when an interfering signal (e.g., 306) is present at a frequency (e.g., 402) that is offset (e.g., offset frequency) from the center frequency 304 and is equal to the bandwidth 314, the receiver 54 of the user equipment 96 may be configured by the processor 12 to be less than or equal to a threshold power 322 for performance degradation. That is, the frequency at which the interfering signal 306 is present may be scaled or changed in proportion to the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302. As shown, the threshold power 322 for performance degradation may be REFSENS+1dB (so that in the presence of the interfering signal, the desired received signal on the channel 302 may be degraded by no more than 1dB or may tolerate no more than 0.5dB of noise), while the power level of the interfering signal 306 following the narrowband blocking scheme 400 may be -40dBm. However, it should be appreciated that any suitable performance-degraded threshold power 322 and / or power level of the interfering signal 306 may be used. In some embodiments, the narrowband blocking scheme 400 may include two interfering signals 306 such that the center frequency 304 may be added to and subtracted from a scalable offset frequency 316 (e.g., equal to the bandwidth 314) (e.g., resulting in two interfering signals 306, one at the center frequency 304 plus the bandwidth 314, and one at the center frequency 304 minus the bandwidth 314).

[0093] If the narrowband blocking scheme does not have a scalable offset frequency 316 at which the interfering signal 306 is located (e.g., the offset frequency is fixed, such as in Fig.13 306 ) is not implemented in the ETSI standard 320 for in-band blocking of the channel 302, the ability of the user equipment 96 to adjust the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302 may be limited. For example, if the narrowband blocking scheme is implemented with a fixed offset frequency of 5 MHz, and the channel 302 has a 5 MHz bandwidth, the distance between the edge of the channel 302 and the interfering signal 306 may be 2.5 MHz. However, if it is desired to increase the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302 (e.g., to increase data throughput), the offset frequency may not increase in proportion to the increased bandwidth of the channel 302 because the offset frequency is fixed at 5 MHz. Therefore, if the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302 is increased from 5 MHz to 7.5 MHz, the distance between the edge of the channel 302 and the interfering signal 306 will be 1.25 MHz. The reduction in the distance between the channel 302 and the interfering signal 306 may result in greater interference of the interfering signal 306 to the channel 302. Additionally, the fixed offset frequency scheme may preclude the use of any channel 302 having a bandwidth 314 of 10 MHz or greater, since the channel 302 and the interfering signal 306 may be placed within the channel 302 itself.

[0094] The channel bandwidth dependent narrowband blocking scheme 400 can solve this problem by setting the offset frequency 316 of the interference signal 306 from the center frequency 304 to be equal to the channel bandwidth of the channel 302. For example, if the bandwidth 314 of the channel 302 is increased to 7.5 MHz, the offset frequency 316 of the interference signal 306 from the center frequency 304 can be increased to ±7.5 MHz. Fig.15 As can be seen in FIG. 4 , channel 302 has a bandwidth of 10 MHz, and thus the frequency 316 at which the interfering signal 306 is offset from the center frequency 304 may be ±10 MHz. Thus, the channel bandwidth-dependent scaling scheme 400 may enable the channel 302 to have a larger bandwidth (and therefore a larger throughput) while preventing interference from the interfering signal 306. Furthermore, the channel bandwidth-dependent scaling scheme 400 may be particularly useful for non-terrestrial communication networks that may utilize channel bandwidths of 10 MHz or greater.

[0095] Fig.16 is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme using channel bandwidth dependent scaling (e.g., Fig.15 400) is a flowchart of a method 450 for configuring a receiver 54 for a narrowband scheme 400 that is dependent on the channel bandwidth of the receiver 54. Any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that can control components of the user equipment 96, the ground communication node 97, the non-ground network, and the non-ground communication node 98 (such as the processor 12 of each of these devices or systems) can perform the method 450. In some embodiments, the method 450 can be implemented by using the processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 14 or a storage device 16. For example, the method 450 can be performed at least in part by one or more software components of the user equipment 96, the ground communication node 97, the non-ground network, and the non-ground communication node 98, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, etc. Although the method 450 is described using a specific order of steps, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the steps can be performed in an order different from the order shown, and that some of the steps can be skipped or not performed at all.

[0096] The processor 12 may execute a program similar to Fig.11 In process blocks 452, 454, and 456 of process blocks 252, 254, and 256 of method 250 of FIG. In process block 458, processor 12 configures receiver 54 based on the presence of an interfering signal (e.g., interfering signal 306) at a frequency that is a channel bandwidth (e.g., channel bandwidth 314) away from a channel center frequency (e.g., center frequency 304), such as Fig.15Specifically, when the receiver 54 is receiving a signal on a channel 302 having a bandwidth 314 and a center frequency 304, when an interference signal 306 having a power level (e.g., -40 dBm) is present at a frequency 316 having an offset from the center frequency 304 equal to the bandwidth 314, the processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 to be less than or equal to a threshold power 322 (e.g., REFSENS+1 dB) for performance degradation. The processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 as described in process block 458 by adjusting the power of the receiver 54, removing one or more filters from a circuit path of the receiver 54, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers in or from a circuit path of the receiver 54, etc.

[0097] In process block 460, the processor 12 receives data from a non-terrestrial communication node (e.g., non-terrestrial communication node 98) using the configured receiver 54. Thus, the method 450 may enable the processor 12 to Figure 4 The receiver 54 (eg, of the user equipment 96) is configured to implement a narrowband blocking scheme 400 using channel bandwidth dependent scaling to achieve greater channel bandwidth and / or greater throughput.

[0098] Fig.17 is a graphical representation of a narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification that may be implemented by the receiver 54 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.15 The narrowband blocking scheme 500 uses a channel bandwidth dependent scaling, and implements a scalable frequency 504 (e.g., an offset frequency) of an interfering signal 508 that is offset from a center frequency 304 of a channel 302 where a received signal (e.g., a desired signal) is desired. For a subcarrier spacing of 15 kilohertz (kHz) (as defined by 4G / LTE), the offset frequency 504 (or the undesired frequency (f uw )) may include half of the channel bandwidth 512 and a fixed offset frequency 506 (e.g., 200 kilohertz (kHz)). The subcarrier spacing may be associated with the channel 510 of the interfering signal 508, the channel 302 of the desired received signal, and / or the 4G / LTE standard. The channel 302 may also include a guard band 502, which may be used as a buffer or "protect" the received signal and / or its channel 302 from the interfering signal 508.

[0099] Specifically, the offset frequency 504 may be defined as half of the subcarrier spacing value plus the subcarrier spacing value multiplied by half of the channel bandwidth 512 plus a fixed offset frequency 506 (eg, f offset_fix ) divided by the subcarrier spacing value, as shown in Equation 2 below:

[0100]

[0101] According to the 3GPP specification, the threshold power 516 for performance degradation may depend on the channel bandwidth 512. Specifically, Fig.18 5 is a table 530 showing the threshold power 516 for performance degradation for different channel bandwidths 534. For example, the threshold power 516 for performance degradation is 16 dB when the channel bandwidth 512 is 5 MHz or 20 MHz, 13 dB when the channel bandwidth is 10 MHz, 14 dB when the channel bandwidth is 15 MHz, and so on. Return to Fig.17 , following the narrowband blocking scheme 500, the power level 514 (eg, P uw (CW)) may be 55dBm. However, it should be understood that any suitable performance-degraded threshold power 516 and / or power level of the interference signal 508 may be used. In addition, as shown, the narrowband blocking scheme 500 may include an interference signal 508 that is set to be 508 from the center frequency 304 to the channel bandwidth 512. In additional or alternative embodiments, the narrowband blocking scheme 500 may include two interference signals 508, so that the center frequency 304 can be added to the offset frequency 504 and the offset frequency is subtracted (e.g., resulting in the presence of two interference signals 508, one at the center frequency 304 plus the channel bandwidth 512, and one at the center frequency 304 minus the channel bandwidth 512). The round-up function of equation 2 is performed by rounding up any resulting decimal within the round-up function to the nearest integer.

[0102] As a specific example, for a 5 MHz channel bandwidth 512 (with a 0.25 MHz guard band 502), a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, and a 200 kHz fixed offset frequency 506, the offset frequency 504 is 2.7075 MHz. As another example, for a 10 MHz channel bandwidth, a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, and a 200 kHz fixed offset frequency 506, the offset frequency 504 is 5.2125 MHz. Fig.15 Like the narrowband blocking scheme 400 that is channel bandwidth dependent, the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification can enable the channel 302 to have a larger bandwidth (and therefore a larger throughput) while preventing interference from the interfering signal 508. In addition, the narrowband blocking scheme 500 may be particularly useful for non-terrestrial communication networks that may utilize channel bandwidths of 10 MHz or greater.

[0103] Fig.19 is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme based on 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specifications (e.g., Fig.17Flowchart of method 550 for configuring receiver 54 using narrowband blocking scheme 500 of the present invention. Any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that can control components of user equipment 96, ground communication node 97, non-ground network, and non-ground communication node 98 (such as processor 12 of each of these devices or systems) can perform method 550. In some embodiments, method 550 can be implemented by using processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium such as memory 14 or storage device 16. For example, method 550 can be performed at least in part by one or more software components of user equipment 96, ground communication node 97, non-ground network, and non-ground communication node 98, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, etc. Although method 550 is described using steps in a particular order, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the steps can be performed in an order different from the order shown, and that some of the steps can be skipped or not performed at all.

[0104] The processor 12 may execute a program similar to Fig.11 In process blocks 552, 554, and 556 of process blocks 252, 254, and 256 of method 250 in FIG. In process block 558, user equipment 96 configures receiver 54 based on the presence of an interference signal (e.g., interference signal 508) at a frequency 504 offset from center frequency 304 (e.g., an unwanted or offset frequency). As previously described in Fig.17 As discussed in , the offset frequency 504 can be based on the channel bandwidth (e.g., the bandwidth 512 of the channel 302), the subcarrier spacing associated with the interfering signal 508, and the fixed offset frequency 506. Specifically, the offset frequency 504 can be defined as half of the subcarrier spacing value plus the subcarrier spacing value multiplied by half of the channel bandwidth 512 plus the fixed offset frequency 506 (e.g., f offset_fix ) divided by the subcarrier spacing value, the first sum of the products of the quotients rounded up (e.g., as provided by the ceiling function), as shown in equation 2 above. According to the 3GPP specification and / or as Fig.18 As shown in table 530 of FIG. 5 , the threshold power 516 for performance degradation may depend on the channel bandwidth 512. The power level 514 of the interfering signal 508 may be 55 dBm following the narrowband blocking scheme 500. The processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 as described in process block 558 by adjusting the power of the receiver 54, removing one or more filters from the circuit path of the receiver 54, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers in the circuit path of the receiver 54, etc.

[0105] In process block 560, the processor 12 receives data from a non-terrestrial communication node (e.g., non-terrestrial communication node 98) using the configured receiver 54. Thus, the method 550 may enable the processor 12 to Figure 4 The receiver 54 (eg, of the user equipment 96) is configured to implement a narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification to achieve greater channel bandwidth and / or greater throughput.

[0106] Fig. 20 is a graphical representation of a narrowband blocking scheme 600 based on the 5G / New Radio (NR) narrowband blocking specification that may be implemented by the receiver 54 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.17 , a desired signal (e.g., a wanted signal) exists on channel 302 having center frequency 304 and guard band 502, and an interfering signal (e.g., interfering signal 604) exists in an adjacent or nearby channel (e.g., channel 510). Similar to Fig.17 In the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification, the interference signal 604 may have a frequency 602 offset from the center frequency 304 of the channel 302 (eg, an unwanted or offset frequency (f uw )). For a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz (as defined by 5G / NR), the offset frequency 602 may be based on the channel bandwidth 512 of the channel 302, the subcarrier spacing value, and the number of resource blocks (NRBs). The subcarrier spacing and the number of resource blocks or subcarriers may be associated with the channel 510 of the interfering signal 604, the channel 302 of the desired received signal, and / or the 5G / NR standard. Specifically, the offset frequency 602 may be defined as the sum of the first product of the subcarrier spacing value plus the difference of half of the second product of the subcarrier spacing value multiplied by the channel bandwidth 512 minus the number of resource blocks, the subcarrier spacing value, and a constant value (e.g., 12) divided by the subcarrier spacing value, and the quotient of the floor (e.g., provided by a floor function), as shown in Equation 3 below:

[0107]

[0108] According to 3GPP specifications and / or Fig.18 Table 530, with the above Fig.17As with the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification, the threshold power 516 for performance degradation may depend on the channel bandwidth 512. Similarly, the power level 514 of the interference signal 604 following the narrowband blocking scheme 600 may be -55dBm. However, it should be understood that any suitable threshold power 516 for performance degradation and / or the power level of the interference signal 604 may be used. In addition, as shown in the figure, the narrowband blocking scheme 600 may include an interference signal 604, which is set to be 512 away from the center frequency 304. In additional or alternative embodiments, the narrowband blocking scheme 600 may include two interference signals 604, so that the center frequency 304 can be added to the offset frequency 602 and the offset frequency is subtracted (e.g., resulting in the presence of two interference signals 604, one at the center frequency 304 plus the channel bandwidth 512, and one at the center frequency 304 minus the channel bandwidth 512). The floor function of Equation 3 is performed by rounding down any resulting decimals within the ceiling function to the nearest integer.

[0109] As a specific example, for a channel bandwidth 512 of 10 MHz, a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and a number of resource blocks of 52, the offset frequency 602 is 5.3175 MHz. Fig.17 When compared with the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification (which produces an offset frequency 504 of 5.2125 MHz), the narrowband blocking scheme 600 based on the 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification produces an offset frequency of 105 kHz. Fig.15 The channel bandwidth-dependent narrowband blocking scheme 400 and Fig.17 Like the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification, the narrowband blocking scheme 600 based on the 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification can enable the channel 302 to have a larger bandwidth (and therefore a larger throughput) while preventing interference from the interfering signal 604. In addition, the narrowband blocking scheme 600 may be particularly useful for non-terrestrial communication networks that may utilize channel bandwidths of 10 MHz or more.

[0110] Fig.21 is a method for utilizing a narrowband blocking scheme (e.g., Fig. 20600) is a flowchart of a method 650 for configuring a receiver 54 using a narrowband blocking scheme 600 of a user equipment 96, a ground communication node 97, a non-ground network, and a non-ground communication node 98. Any suitable device (e.g., a controller) that can control components of the user equipment 96, the ground communication node 97, the non-ground network, and the non-ground communication node 98 (such as the processor 12 of each of these devices or systems) can perform the method 650. In some embodiments, the method 650 can be implemented by using the processor 12 to execute instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 14 or a storage device 16. For example, the method 650 can be performed at least in part by one or more software components of the user equipment 96, the ground communication node 97, the non-ground network, and the non-ground communication node 98, such as an operating system, one or more software applications, etc. Although the method 650 is described using a particular order of steps, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the steps may be performed in an order different from the order shown, and that some of the steps may be skipped or not performed at all.

[0111] The processor 12 may execute a program similar to Fig.11 In process blocks 652, 654, and 656 of process blocks 252, 254, and 256 of method 250 in FIG. In process block 658, processor 12 may configure receiver 54 based on the presence of an interfering signal (e.g., interfering signal 604) at a frequency 602 (e.g., an undesired frequency) that is offset from a center channel frequency (e.g., center frequency 304 of channel 302). As previously described in Fig.17 As discussed in , the offset frequency 602 may be based on a channel bandwidth (e.g., bandwidth 512 of channel 302), a subcarrier spacing, and a number of resource blocks associated with the interfering signal 604. Specifically, the offset frequency 602 may be defined as the sum of a first product of a difference between the subcarrier spacing value and half of a second product of the subcarrier spacing value multiplied by the channel bandwidth 512 minus the number of resource blocks, the subcarrier spacing value, and a constant value (e.g., 12) divided by the subcarrier spacing value, and the floor (e.g., provided by a floor function), as shown in Equation 3 above. According to 3GPP specifications and / or as Fig.18 As shown in table 530 of FIG. 5 , the threshold power 516 for performance degradation may depend on the channel bandwidth 512. The power level 514 of the interfering signal 604 may be 55 dBm following the narrowband blocking scheme 500. The processor 12 may configure the receiver 54 as described in process block 658 by adjusting the power of the receiver 54, removing one or more filters from the circuit path of the receiver 54, adding or removing one or more low noise amplifiers in the circuit path of the receiver 54, etc.

[0112] In process block 660, the processor 12 receives data from a non-terrestrial communication node (e.g., non-terrestrial communication node 98) using the configured receiver 54. Thus, the method 650 may enable the processor 12 to Figure 4 The receiver 54 (e.g., of the user equipment 96) is configured to implement a narrowband blocking scheme 600 based on the 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification to achieve greater channel bandwidth and / or greater throughput.

[0113] As described above, various standards (e.g., 300, 320, 400) or schemes (e.g., 500, 600) may define a threshold that the noise level of a received signal does not exceed in the presence of an interfering signal. Fig.13 As described in , ETSI standard 320 ensures that the noise level of the received signal on channel 302 (e.g., having a bandwidth 314 of 5 MHz) does not exceed threshold 322 (e.g., 1 decibel milliwatt (dB)) when there is an interference signal at a frequency 5 MHz less than center frequency 304 and at a frequency 5 MHz greater than center frequency 304. Threshold 322 can be determined based on the distance (e.g., in frequency) (e.g., offset frequency) of the interference signal offset from channel 302, because the closer the interference signal is to channel 302 (e.g., the smaller the offset frequency 316), the greater the impact of interference from the interference signal on channel 302. That is, threshold 322 changes inversely with the frequency 316 of the interference signal offset from the received signal. In addition, since offset frequency 316 can change directly with channel bandwidth 314, threshold 322 can also change directly with channel bandwidth 314.

[0114] Therefore, in embodiments where the interference signal is closer in frequency to the received signal / channel 302, the threshold 322 may be relaxed (e.g., increased) because the interference effect of the interference signal is greater. In embodiments where the interference signal is farther away in frequency from the received signal / channel 302, the threshold 322 may be decreased because the interference effect of the interference signal is less. Fig. 22 , which is a graphical representation of an inverse relationship 700 between an interference signal 704 and a frequency 706 (e.g., an offset frequency) offset from a center frequency 702 of a channel of a received signal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.13 When comparing the ETSI standard 320 with an offset frequency of 5 MHz and a threshold value 322 of 1 dB, if the offset frequency decreases (e.g., less than 5 MHz), the threshold value may increase (e.g., greater than 1 dB) due to the interfering signal being closer to the received signal. On the other hand, if the offset frequency increases (e.g., greater than 5 MHz), the threshold value may decrease (e.g., less than 1 dB) due to the interfering signal being closer to the received signal.

[0115] therefore, Fig. 22The threshold in is represented as REFSENS+Δ, where Δ may indicate a "signal relaxation" (e.g., in dB) that modifies (e.g., actively or passively) the threshold noise level of the received signal, and where REFSENS is used as a base reference value. Specifically, Δ may vary inversely with respect to a distance or offset frequency (e.g., shown as "d" or offset frequency ("f_offset")) from the desired signal and / or the channel offset of the desired signal. Δ may be any suitable value (e.g., between 0 dB and 100 dB, between 0 dB and 50 dB, between 0 dB and 20 dB, etc.). For example, in the worst case (e.g., when the interfering signal is close to or in the channel of the received signal and / or the received signal, so that the offset frequency is close to or is about 0 MHz), Δ may be about 10 dB to 15 dB (e.g., so that the threshold noise level of the received signal is about REFSENS+10 dB to REFSENS+15 dB). As another example, in an optimal case (eg, such that the offset frequency becomes large and / or approaches infinity), Δ may be close to or about 0 dB (eg, such that the threshold noise level of the received signal is about REFSENS or close to REFSENS).

[0116] As a specific example, for a channel bandwidth (eg, of a received signal) of 10 MHz, Fig.15 The channel bandwidth-dependent narrowband blocking scheme 400 has an offset frequency of 10 MHz between the interference signal and the center frequency of the channel with the received signal. For the same channel bandwidth of 10 MHz, Fig.17 The narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification has an offset frequency of 5.2125MHz. For the same channel bandwidth, use Fig. 20 The narrowband blocking scheme of the 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification provides an offset frequency of 5.3175 MHz. Therefore, in the three schemes 400, 500, and 600, for Fig.15 The channel bandwidth-dependent narrowband blocking scheme 400, the threshold noise level of the received signal can be minimized (eg, Δ will be minimized), and for Fig. 20 5G / NR narrowband blocking specification, the threshold noise level of the received signal may be maximum (e.g., Δ will be maximum), while Fig.17 The threshold noise level of the narrowband blocking scheme 500 based on the 4G / LTE narrowband blocking specification is between the above two (e.g., Δ will be between the above two Δ). In this way, the present disclosure provides a technique for scaling the noise tolerance of a received signal based on the frequency at which the interference signal is offset from the received signal.

[0117] The above specific embodiments have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should also be understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0118] The technology described and claimed herein is cited and applied to specific examples of a physical and practical nature that significantly improves the art and is therefore not abstract, intangible, or purely theoretical. In addition, if any claim appended to the end of this specification contains one or more elements designated as "means for [performing] [the function] ..." or "steps for [performing] [the function] ...", then those elements will be interpreted in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claim containing elements designated in any other manner, those elements will not be interpreted in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

[0119] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0120] Other preferred embodiments are as follows:

[0121] 1. A method, comprising:

[0122] receiving, via at least one processor of the user equipment, system information from a ground communication node;

[0123] determining, via the at least one processor, that the system information includes a network signaling value indicative of a regional regulation or standard;

[0124] configuring, via the at least one processor, a transmitter of the user equipment using one or more transmission templates in accordance with the regional regulations or standards; and

[0125] Data is transmitted, via the at least one processor, to a non-terrestrial communication node using the transmitter configured with the one or more transmission templates in accordance with the regional regulations or standards.

[0126] 2. A method according to embodiment 1, wherein sending the data to the non-terrestrial communication node via the at least one processor is performed within a frequency range between 1610 MHz and 1660.5 MHz, between 1668 MHz and 1675 MHz, or between 1980 MHz and 2010 MHz.

[0127] 3. A method according to embodiment 1, wherein the regional regulations or standards include European Telecommunications Standards Institute standards.

[0128] 4. A method according to implementation scheme 3, wherein the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template and an out-of-channel transmission template.

[0129] 5. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the regional regulations or standards include Federal Communications Commission regulations.

[0130] 6. The method according to embodiment 1, comprising:

[0131] receiving, via the at least one processor of the user equipment, additional system information from the ground communications node;

[0132] determining, via the at least one processor, that the system information does not include the network signaling value indicative of the regional regulation or standard;

[0133] configuring, via the at least one processor, the transmitter of the user equipment with an additional transmission template in accordance with default regional regulations or standards; and

[0134] Additional data is transmitted, via the at least one processor, to the non-terrestrial communications node using the transmitter configured with the additional transmission template in accordance with the default regional regulations or standards.

[0135] 7. A method according to embodiment 6, wherein the default regional regulations or standards include Federal Communications Commission regulations.

[0136] 8. A method according to implementation scheme 1, wherein the system information includes that the network signaling value is one of multiple network signaling values, and each of the multiple network signaling values ​​indicates a corresponding regional regulation or standard.

[0137] 9. The method according to embodiment 1, comprising:

[0138] detecting, via the at least one processor of the user equipment, the terrestrial communications node; and

[0139] Synchronizing with the ground communication node via the at least one processor.

[0140] 10. A method according to embodiment 1, wherein the ground communication node includes a base station.

[0141] 11. The method of embodiment 10, wherein the base station comprises a next generation NodeB base station.

[0142] 12. A user equipment comprising:

[0143] one or more antennas;

[0144] a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas;

[0145] a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas; and

[0146] at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the transmitter

[0147] The transmitter and the receiver, the at least one processor is configured to:

[0148] causing the transmitter and the receiver to detect a ground communication node,

[0149] Synchronizing with the ground communication node,

[0150] causing the receiver to receive, from the terrestrial communication node, system information that facilitates communication with a non-terrestrial communication node, the system information including a network signaling value indicating a regional regulation or standard,

[0151] configuring the transmitter using one or more transmission templates in accordance with the regional regulations or standards, and

[0152] The one or more transmission templates are utilized to cause the transmitter to send data to the non-terrestrial communication node in accordance with the regional regulations or standards.

[0153] 13. A user equipment according to embodiment 12, wherein the regional regulations or standards are Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, and the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-channel transmission template that complies with the FCC regulations.

[0154] 14. A user equipment according to embodiment 13, wherein the out-of-channel transmission template enables the transmitter to prevent signal leakage exceeding -18dBm / MHz occurring in the frequency range of 1617.65MHz to 1617.95MHz.

[0155] 15. A user equipment according to embodiment 12, wherein the regional regulation or standard is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, and the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template that complies with the ETSI standard.

[0156] 16. The user equipment of embodiment 15, wherein the out-of-band transmission template enables the transmitter to prevent signal leakage outside of a target frequency band, wherein the target frequency band includes

[0157] Range of 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz.

[0158] 17. A communication node, comprising:

[0159] one or more antennas;

[0160] a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas;

[0161] a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas; and

[0162] at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the transmitter

[0163] The transmitter and the receiver, the at least one processor is configured to:

[0164] causing the transmitter and the receiver to detect user equipment,

[0165] synchronizing with the user equipment,

[0166] receiving a request from the user equipment for an available uplink frequency channel, an available downlink frequency channel, or both, to communicate with a non-terrestrial communication node;

[0167] as well as

[0168] Based on the request, system information is sent to the user equipment, the system information including at least a network signaling value indicating and associated with regional regulations or standards for communicating with the non-terrestrial communication node, wherein sending the system information including at least the network signaling value enables the user equipment to communicate with the non-terrestrial communication node using one or more transmission templates according to the regional regulations or standards.

[0169] 18. The communications node of embodiment 17, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:

[0170] receiving from the user equipment an additional request for an additional available uplink frequency channel, an additional available downlink frequency channel, or both, to communicate with the non-terrestrial communications node; and

[0171] Based on the request, additional system information is sent to the user equipment, the additional system information including at least additional network signaling values ​​that do not indicate the regional regulations or standards associated with communicating with the non-terrestrial communication node, wherein sending the system information including at least the additional network signaling values ​​enables the user equipment to communicate with the non-terrestrial communication node using one or more default transmission templates.

[0172] 19. A communications node according to embodiment 17, wherein the regional regulations or standards include European Telecommunications Standards Institute standards.

[0173] 20. A communication node according to embodiment 17, wherein the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template and an out-of-channel transmission template.

[0174] 21. A user equipment comprising:

[0175] one or more antennas;

[0176] a receiving circuit coupled to the one or more antennas; and

[0177] at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the interface

[0178] The receiving circuit, the at least one processor is configured to:

[0179] causing the receiving circuit to receive system information from a ground communication node,

[0180] determining that the system information includes a network signaling value indicating a regional regulation or standard,

[0181] configuring the receiving circuit to comply with adjacent channel selectivity conditions of the regional regulations or standards, in-band blocking conditions of the regional regulations or standards, or both, and

[0182] The configured receiving circuit is caused to comply with the adjacent channel selectivity condition of the regional regulation or standard, the in-band blocking condition of the regional regulation or standard, or both, to receive data from a non-terrestrial communication node.

[0183] 22. The user equipment of embodiment 21, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the receiving circuit to receive the data from the non-terrestrial communication node within a frequency range between 1518 MHz and 1559 MHz, between 1613.8 MHz and 1626.5 MHz, between 2170 MHz and 2200 MHz, or between 2483.5 and 2500 MHz.

[0184] 23. A user equipment according to embodiment 21, wherein the regional regulations or standards include European Telecommunications Standards Institute standards.

[0185] 24. A user equipment according to embodiment 21, wherein the at least one processor is configured to comply with the adjacent channel selectivity condition of the regional regulations or standards, and the adjacent channel selectivity condition of the regional standard includes: the performance degradation of the receiver does not exceed one-half decibel milliwatt when: a signal is received on a first channel having a first center frequency, and an interfering signal having a power level 12 decibel milliwatts greater than the power level of the signal is present on a second channel having a second center frequency greater than the first center frequency of the first channel, wherein the second center frequency is the bandwidth of the first channel.

[0186] 25. The user equipment of embodiment 21, wherein the at least one processor is configured to comply with the in-band blocking condition of the regional regulation or standard, the in-band blocking condition of the regional regulation or standard comprising: the performance of the receiver is degraded by no more than one decibel milliwatt when:

[0187] A signal is received on a channel having a lower channel limit, an upper channel limit and a center frequency,

[0188] a first interference signal having a power level of -40 dBm or more exists at a first frequency range having a first lower limit of 10 MHz less than the channel lower limit and a first upper limit of 5 MHz less than the center frequency, and

[0189] A second interference signal having a power level of -40 dBm or more exists at a second frequency range having a second lower limit of 10 MHz greater than the channel upper limit and a second upper limit of 5 MHz greater than the center frequency.

[0190] 26. The user equipment of embodiment 25, wherein the difference between the lower channel limit and the upper channel limit is 5 MHz.

[0191] 27. The user equipment of embodiment 21, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:

[0192] causing the receiving circuit to receive additional system information from the terrestrial communication node, determining that the additional system information does not include the network signaling value indicative of the regional regulation or standard, and

[0193] The receive circuit is caused to receive data from the non-terrestrial communication node without configuring the receive circuit to comply with any adjacent channel selectivity conditions or any in-band blocking conditions.

[0194] 28. A method comprising:

[0195] detecting a ground communication node via a receiver of the user equipment;

[0196] synchronizing with the ground communication node via at least one processor of the user equipment;

[0197] causing the receiver, via the at least one processor, to receive, from the terrestrial communication node, system information that facilitates communication with a non-terrestrial communication node;

[0198] The receiver is configured via the at least one processor to:

[0199] Less than or equal to the performance degradation threshold power:

[0200] A signal is received on a channel having a bandwidth and a center frequency, and

[0201] an interfering signal having a power level is present at a first frequency having a larger bandwidth than the center frequency, and

[0202] Data is received from the non-terrestrial communication node using the configured receiver.

[0203] 29. The method of embodiment 28, comprising configuring the receiver via the at least one processor to receive the data from the non-terrestrial communication node within a frequency range between 1518 MHz and 1559 MHz, between 1613.8 MHz and 1626.5 MHz, between 2170 MHz and 2200 MHz, or between 2483.5 and 2500 MHz.

[0204] 30. A method according to embodiment 28, wherein the threshold power for performance degradation is one-half decibel milliwatt higher than the reference sensitivity power level.

[0205] 31. A method according to embodiment 30, wherein the reference sensitivity power level includes a minimum input power of the receiver.

[0206] 32. A method according to embodiment 31, wherein the ground communication node includes a base station.

[0207] 33. A method according to embodiment 28, wherein the power level of the interference signal includes a constant value greater than a threshold power at which the performance is degraded.

[0208] 34. A method according to embodiment 33, wherein the constant value comprises 12 decibel milliwatts.

[0209] 35. A communication node, comprising:

[0210] one or more antennas;

[0211] a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas;

[0212] a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas; and

[0213] one or more processors, the one or more processors being communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, the one or more processors being configured to:

[0214] causing the transmitter and the receiver to detect user equipment,

[0215] synchronizing with the user equipment,

[0216] receiving, via the receiver, from the user equipment a request for an uplink frequency channel, a downlink frequency channel, or both, to communicate with a non-terrestrial communication node, and

[0217] Based on the request, system information is sent to the user equipment, the system information comprising at least a network signaling value indicating a regional regulation or standard associated with communicating with the non-terrestrial communication node, wherein sending the system information comprising at least the network signaling value causes one or more additional processors of the user equipment to configure an additional receiver of the user equipment to comply with an in-band blocking condition of the regional regulation or standard.

[0218] 36. A communications node according to embodiment 35, wherein the regional regulations or standards include European Telecommunications Standards Institute standards.

[0219] 37. A communication node according to embodiment 35, wherein the in-band blocking condition includes: preventing the noise in the channel from exceeding a noise tolerance deviation level threshold when the interfering signal is within a range including a value less than the lower edge of the operating band of the desired signal and a value greater than the upper edge of the operating band of the desired signal.

[0220] 38. A communication node according to embodiment 37, wherein the value includes 5 megahertz.

[0221] 39. A communication node according to embodiment 35, wherein the one or more processors are configured to enable the additional one or more processors of the user equipment to configure the additional receiver of the user equipment by performing power backoff, filtering techniques, or both.

[0222] 40. A communication node according to embodiment 35, wherein the additional one or more processors of the user equipment are configured to: in response to determining that the system information does not include the network signaling value indicating the regional regulation or standard, enable the additional receiver of the user equipment to receive data from the non-terrestrial communication node, and the additional receiver of the user equipment is not configured to comply with any in-band blocking conditions.

Claims

1. A user equipment, comprising: one or more antennas; a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas; a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas; as well as a processing circuit, the processing circuit being communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, the processing circuit being configured to: causing the receiver to receive, from a terrestrial communication node, system information that facilitates communication with a non-terrestrial communication node, wherein the system information does not include a network signaling value indicative of a regional regulation or standard; configuring the transmitter using one or more transmission templates according to default regulations or standards; as well as The transmitter is caused to transmit data to the non-terrestrial communication node using the one or more transmission templates according to the default regulations or standards.

2. The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the default regulation or standard is a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation, and the one or more transmission templates include an off-channel transmission template that complies with the FCC regulation.

3. The user equipment of claim 2, wherein the out-of-channel transmission template enables the transmitter to prevent signal leakage exceeding -18 dBm / MHz occurring in the frequency range of 1617.65 MHz to 1617.95 MHz. 4 . The user equipment of claim 1 , wherein the default specification or standard is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, and the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template that complies with the ETSI standard. 5 . The user equipment of claim 4 , wherein the out-of-band transmission template enables the transmitter to prevent signal leakage outside a target frequency band, the target frequency band comprising a range of 1610 MHz to 1626.5 MHz.

6. The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is configured to cause the transmitter and the receiver to detect and synchronize with the terrestrial communication node.

7. The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the ground communication node comprises a base station.

8. The user equipment of claim 7, wherein the base station comprises a next generation NodeB base station.

9. A method comprising: receiving system information from a ground communication node via processing circuitry of the user equipment; determining, via the processing circuit, that the system information does not include a network signaling value indicative of a regional regulation or standard; configuring, via the processing circuit, a transmitter of the user equipment using one or more transmission templates according to default regulations or standards; as well as Data is transmitted to a non-terrestrial communication node via the processing circuit using the transmitter configured with the one or more transmission templates according to the default regulations or standards.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the data to the non-terrestrial communication node via the processing circuit is performed over a frequency range between 1610 MHz and 1660.5 MHz, between 1668 MHz and 1675 MHz, or between 1980 MHz and 2010 MHz.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the default regulation or standard comprises a European Telecommunications Standards Institute standard.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template and an out-of-channel transmission template.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the default regulation or standard comprises a Federal Communications Commission regulation.

14. The method according to claim 9, comprising: receiving, via processing circuitry of user equipment, additional system information from the terrestrial communications node; determining, via the processing circuit, that the system information includes a network signaling value indicative of the regional regulation or standard; configuring, via the processing circuit, the transmitter of the user equipment using an additional transmission template in accordance with the regional regulations or standards; as well as Additional data is sent via the processing circuit to a non-terrestrial communication node using the transmitter configured with the additional transmission template in accordance with the regional regulations or standards.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the system information includes that the network signaling value is one of a plurality of network signaling values, each of the plurality of network signaling values ​​indicating a corresponding regional regulation or standard.

16. A communication node, comprising: one or more antennas; a transmitter coupled to the one or more antennas; a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas; as well as a processing circuit, the processing circuit being communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, the processing circuit being configured to: receiving a request from a user equipment for an available uplink frequency channel or an available downlink frequency channel to communicate with a non-terrestrial communication node; as well as Based on the request and the geographic location of the user equipment, system information is sent to the user equipment, wherein the system information does not include a network signaling value indicative of a regional regulation or standard associated with communicating with the non-terrestrial communication node.

17. The communication node of claim 16, wherein sending the system information excluding the network signaling value causes the user equipment to communicate with the non-terrestrial communication node using one or more transmission templates according to a default provision or standard.

18. A communications node according to claim 17, wherein the default regulation or standard comprises a European Telecommunications Standards Institute standard.

19. The communication node of claim 17, wherein the one or more transmission templates include an out-of-band transmission template and an out-of-channel transmission template.

20. The communications node of claim 17, wherein the default regulations or standards include Federal Communications Commission regulations.

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