Treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes, which comprises the following specific steps: S1, crushing; s2, stirring; s3, performing fermentation; s4, aging is carried out; and S5, preparing the fertilizer. According to the invention, rotten garbage and agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry wastes (including crop straws, gardens, fruit tree branches, rattan diameters, livestock and poultry manure and the like) in household garbage classification are scientifically treated and utilized. The high-efficiency organic fertilizer can meet the requirements of local planting, provides high-quality'high-efficiency organic fertilizer 'for the market, and generates better economic benefits. The soil can be effectively improved, and the development of ecological agriculture and green agricultural products is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and in particular to a treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes. Background Art

[0002] Perishable domestic waste (wet waste): In recent years, urban and rural domestic waste has continued to grow every year, of which compostable perishable wet waste accounts for 40%. The accumulated wet waste produces odor and breeds a large number of mosquitoes and flies. Landfilling will also occupy a large amount of land, and incineration will also produce a large amount of harmful gases and increase the government's financial disposal costs.

[0003] Agricultural waste: refers to various types of straw, fruit vines, weeds, etc. With the development of agricultural technology and the investment in machinery and equipment, a large amount of agricultural waste is generated while the crop yield increases. However, with the improvement of farmers' lives, the utilization of agricultural waste is getting lower and lower. The random discard of agricultural waste not only pollutes the environment, but also causes a waste of precious resources.

[0004] Forestry waste: refers to landscaping pruning, wood processing tailings, etc. Randomly discarded forestry waste pollutes the air and surface water, and is also prone to spontaneous combustion and fire.

[0005] Pastoral waste: mainly refers to livestock and poultry manure. The abandoned manure contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic pollutants, pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs. Natural fermentation contains a large amount of harmful gases, which are harmful to the atmosphere and human health. It also enters the water system with rainwater and pollutes groundwater.

[0006] The above four types of waste are common in towns and villages, and the contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent. This plan can effectively reduce the impact of rural decomposable garbage and agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste on the environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that wastes are prevalent in towns and villages and the contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0009] S1: Crushing: During the garbage sorting activities, the sorters will sort out the perishable garbage and crush it with special crushing equipment; after the agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste is collected, it will be torn and crushed by tearing machines and crushers;

[0010] S2: Mixing: Add high-efficiency microbial strains to the crushed waste and mix them. This process can not only adjust the dry-wet ratio, but also mix the waste and the strains evenly;

[0011] S3: Fermentation: Fermentation is the key step to the success of organic fertilizer. The moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material are adjusted, and bacteria are added to promote the rapid aerobic fermentation process. The temperature can rise to above 55 degrees Celsius within 24 hours after composting. When the temperature continues to reach 65-75 degrees Celsius, the pile needs to be turned to speed up the decomposition time. The whole process needs to be turned more than 3 times;

[0012] The purpose of aerobic composting is to reduce the volatile substances in the waste, reduce the odor, kill parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms, and achieve the purpose of harmlessness. Through composting and fermentation treatment, the moisture content of organic materials is reduced, and organic matter is decomposed and mineralized to release N, P, and K nutrients, while making the properties of organic materials loose and dispersed;

[0013] S4: Aging: The organic solid waste after composting fermentation has not yet reached full maturity and needs to continue secondary fermentation. The purpose of aging is to further decompose, stabilize and dry the remaining macromolecular organic matter in the organic matter to meet the requirements of the subsequent fertilizer making process. The aging cycle is about 10-15 days;

[0014] S5: Fertilizer making: Compost should be sold as a product and should be processed according to its purpose and market needs. The purpose of fertilizer making is to improve the fertilizer efficiency and commerciality of compost products, thereby improving the overall economic benefits. After aging, it should be classified according to the different functions of organic matter, and fungi with various functions should be added to form functional organic fertilizers with different functions. The moisture content of the organic fertilizer should be controlled, squeezed into granules, packaged into bags, and stored in the finished product warehouse.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the length of the pulverized waste materials is less than 2 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, in order to ensure the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, the ratio of waste materials needs to be controlled, and the specific ratio is 2-4:6-8, with 30% straw and 70% livestock and poultry manure.

[0017] Preferably, the ratio of waste materials is 3:7, with 30% straw and 70% livestock and poultry manure.

[0018] Preferably, the moisture content of the material in step S3 is controlled at 45%-50%, and urea is added at 5 kg / ton to supplement the nitrogen source.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the entire fermentation process lasts for 18-22 days.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Taking the classification of domestic waste in towns and villages as an opportunity, domestic waste containing organic matter is mixed with agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste, which is crushed and mixed with high-efficiency fermentation bacteria to be processed into effective organic fertilizer, which is then fed back to agricultural fruits and vegetables. A regional modern agricultural circular economy system with the resource utilization of domestic waste and agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste as the core is gradually realized, which promotes the ecological environment protection and the healthy development of the planting industry in the region, thereby creating economic benefits for the enterprise.

[0022] The decomposable garbage and agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste (including crop straw, garden and fruit tree branches, vines, livestock and poultry manure, etc.) in the classification of domestic garbage are scientifically processed and utilized. The final form is to make efficient organic fertilizer, which can not only meet the needs of local planting, provide high-quality "efficient organic fertilizer" to the market, and generate good economic benefits. It can also effectively improve the soil and promote the development of ecological agriculture and green agricultural products.

[0023] The organic fertilizer is manufactured by the fermentation process of "degradable garbage + microbial strains". The process is simple, the production cycle is short, and the fertilizer yield is high. It can realize the resource utilization of rural organic waste and is conducive to the development of rural green circular economy. There are no special requirements for the site, and the investment in facilities and equipment required is relatively small. There will be no pressure on the finances of township governments. The processing capacity is strong. After on-site verification, a set of equipment worth 150,000 yuan has a daily processing capacity of 10T / d for organic waste. The processing range is wide, and it can not only process kitchen waste, but also agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry organic waste (straw weeds, dead branches and leaves, poultry and livestock manure, and rural toilet reform manure residue, etc.), greatly reducing the formation of "three piles" in rural areas and helping to improve the rural living environment. The source of organic fertilizer: equal exchange (exchange with farmers who deliver raw materials (organic waste)), rewards (rewards to farmers with high participation rate and accuracy rate in garbage classification), and nearby sales (sold to local large-scale growers nearby). After being used in local large-scale growers, the distance is short, which saves transportation costs and improves local soil, which is suitable for improving regional agricultural circular economy.

[0024] This model can be replicated and promoted, and is particularly suitable for the classification and treatment of domestic waste in rural southwestern Shandong. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Provide a process diagram for the separation and treatment of domestic waste in townships;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a process flow chart for the resource processing of perishable waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] See also Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes. The specific steps of the treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes are as follows:

[0031] ① Crushing: During the garbage sorting activities, the sorters will separate the perishable garbage from the domestic garbage and crush them with special crushing equipment; after the agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry wastes are collected, they will be torn and crushed with tearing machines and crushers; the length of the crushed waste materials is less than 2 cm.

[0032] ②Mixing: Add high-efficiency microbial strains to the crushed waste and stir them. This process can not only adjust the dry-wet ratio, but also mix the waste and the strains evenly. To ensure the nutrients of organic fertilizer, the ratio of waste materials needs to be controlled, usually 3:7, with 30% straw and 70% livestock and poultry manure.

[0033] ③ Fermentation: Fermentation is a key step in the success of organic fertilizer. Adjust the moisture content of the material (moisture content is controlled at 50%) and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (add urea at 5KG / ton to supplement the nitrogen source), and add bacteria to promote the rapid aerobic fermentation process. The temperature can rise to above 55 degrees Celsius within 24 hours after composting. When the temperature continues to reach 70 degrees, the pile needs to be turned to speed up the decomposition time. The whole process needs to be turned more than 3 times. The purpose of aerobic composting is to reduce the volatile substances in the waste, reduce the odor, kill parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms, and achieve the purpose of harmlessness. In addition, the moisture content of organic materials is reduced through composting fermentation treatment, and organic matter is decomposed and mineralized to release nutrients such as N, P, K, etc., while making the properties of organic materials loose and dispersed. The entire fermentation process lasts about 20 days.

[0034] ④ Aging: The organic solid waste after composting fermentation has not yet reached full maturity and needs to be further fermented. The purpose of aging is to further decompose, stabilize and dry the remaining macromolecular organic matter in the organic matter to meet the requirements of the subsequent fertilizer production process. The aging cycle is about 10-15 days.

[0035] ⑤ Fertilizer making: Compost should be sold as a product and should be processed according to its purpose and market needs. The purpose of fertilizer making is to improve the fertilizer efficiency and commerciality of compost products, thereby improving the overall economic benefits. After aging, organic matter is classified according to its different functions, and fungi with various functions are added to form functional organic fertilizers with different functions. The moisture content of the organic fertilizer is controlled, squeezed into granules, packaged into bags, and stored in the finished product warehouse.

[0036] Separate dry and wet materials and crush them separately to maximize the equipment's production capacity and not be affected by the shortage of a certain material. Details are as follows:

[0037] ① Dry materials (such as straw, leaves, fruit vines, garden waste, etc.) are crushed using equipment with dust removal devices.

[0038] ② Wet materials with high water content (kitchen waste, food residues, etc.) are crushed by a pulverizer. Before entering the equipment, they pass through the pre-treatment sorting platform to filter out most of the water and select metal objects, stones, colored garbage, etc.

[0039] ③ The dry and wet materials are crushed separately and then put into the mixer. Fermentation bacteria are added and stirred evenly, and the dry-wet ratio is adjusted.

[0040] ④Transfer the materials to the compost bin through the conveyor belt. The main technical indicators of finished organic fertilizer:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] The advancement and feasibility of the project's core technology and implementation plan:

[0044] The practice is applied to the classification of domestic waste and the scientific research and comprehensive utilization of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0045] 1. Core technologies of the project:

[0046] It is mainly "domestic garbage + agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste + composite microbial fermentation technology", and the selected strains are used. According to different needs, the fermentation treatment of decomposable garbage, agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and other wastes is carried out with a multi-strain composite bacterial agent. After the various types of waste are crushed by the equipment, they have a short maturity period (about 35 days at room temperature), simple operation, good nutrient conversion effect, high fertilizer rate, and no odor, sewage discharge and other environmental pollution in the whole process. The results of this technology are currently in a leading position in the same industry. In practice, various types of waste resources can be used in large quantities to effectively improve the soil quality of farmland and improve the problems and consequences of direct return of straw to the field. In addition, the production equipment used in this project integrates the crushing equipment with its own technology, which is simple and flexible, low-cost, and highly applicable, and is suitable for promotion and application in towns and villages.

[0047] 2. Project implementation plan:

[0048] The implementation plan is operated with the principle of "households as units, collection in each village, concentration in townships, and participation of all people", and the "enterprise + township" model is promoted and applied, "close to farmers", and complementary advantages are achieved, which is conducive to the sorting of domestic waste and the collection, treatment and utilization of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste. It not only saves labor costs and raw material costs, but also turns waste into treasure to develop a green circular economy, generate economic benefits, and help improve the rural living environment and create a beautiful living environment.

[0049] 3. Technical route of the project:

[0050] The main content is: in the household waste classification activities, the perishable waste is sorted, collected and transported to the resource utilization station, and then crushed with agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste and added with efficient bacteria for fermentation. Agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste is collected by existing integrated sanitation staff. This technical route has the characteristics of low operating cost, diversified raw material components and large daily processing capacity.

[0051] 4. The core technology and implementation plan described in this project are the results accumulated by the project team through years of project implementation and continuous improvement. In addition to rice, wheat, corn and other farmland straw, it is also applicable to the management and utilization of garden, fruit, vegetable and other wastes. The project content has been demonstrated in batch practice, proving that the core technology is stable and reliable, the implementation plan is "grounded" and feasible, and has replicable and popularizable application value.

[0052] Project scale, investment and benefit analysis:

[0053] Scale plan: (based on an annual cycle)

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] prospect:

[0057] (1) The process of "decomposable garbage + microbial strains" fermentation is used to produce organic fertilizer, which has a simple process, short production cycle, and high fertilizer yield. It can realize the resource utilization of rural organic waste and is conducive to the development of rural green circular economy;

[0058] (2) There are no special requirements for the site, the investment in facilities and equipment required is relatively small, and there will be no pressure on the finances of township governments;

[0059] (3) Strong processing capacity. According to field verification, one set of equipment can process 10 tons of organic waste per day.

[0060] (4) It has a wide treatment range. It can not only treat kitchen waste, but also organic waste from agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry (straw weeds, dead branches and leaves, livestock manure and feces residue from rural toilet reforms, etc.), greatly reducing the formation of "three piles" in rural areas and helping to improve the rural living environment;

[0061] (5) Source of organic fertilizer: equal value exchange (exchange with farmers who deliver raw materials (organic waste)), reward (reward to farmers with high participation rate and accuracy in waste sorting), nearby sales (sold to local planting, which is close to large local planting farmers, saving transportation costs and improving local soil, which is suitable for improving regional agricultural circular economy);

[0062] (6) This model is replicable and scalable, and is particularly suitable for the classification and treatment of domestic waste in rural areas of southwestern Shandong.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention; therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention, and any figure marks in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry wastes, characterized in that: The specific steps of the treatment process for recycling agricultural and forestry waste are as follows: S1: Crushing: During the garbage sorting activities, the sorters will sort out the perishable garbage and crush it with special crushing equipment; after the agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste is collected, it will be torn and crushed by tearing machines and crushers; S2: Mixing: Add high-efficiency microbial strains to the crushed waste and mix them. This process can not only adjust the dry-wet ratio, but also mix the waste and the strains evenly; S3: Fermentation: Fermentation is the key step to the success of organic fertilizer. The moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material are adjusted, and bacteria are added to promote the rapid aerobic fermentation process. The temperature can rise to above 55 degrees Celsius within 24 hours after composting. When the temperature continues to reach 65-75 degrees Celsius, the pile needs to be turned to speed up the decomposition time. The whole process needs to be turned more than 3 times; The purpose of aerobic composting is to reduce the volatile substances in the waste, reduce the odor, kill parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms, and achieve the purpose of harmlessness. Through composting and fermentation treatment, the moisture content of organic materials is reduced, and organic matter is decomposed and mineralized to release N, P, and K nutrients, while making the properties of organic materials loose and dispersed; S4: Aging: The organic solid waste after composting fermentation has not yet reached full maturity and needs to continue secondary fermentation. The purpose of aging is to further decompose, stabilize and dry the remaining macromolecular organic matter in the organic matter to meet the requirements of the subsequent fertilizer making process. The aging cycle is about 10-15 days; S5: Fertilizer making: Compost should be sold as a product and should be processed according to its purpose and market needs. The purpose of fertilizer making is to improve the fertilizer efficiency and commerciality of compost products, thereby improving the overall economic benefits. After aging, it should be classified according to the different functions of organic matter, and fungi with various functions should be added to form functional organic fertilizers with different functions. The moisture content of the organic fertilizer should be controlled, squeezed into granules, packaged into bags, and stored in the finished product warehouse.

2. The process for recycling agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the length of the pulverized waste materials is less than 2 cm.

3. The process for recycling agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, in order to ensure the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, the ratio of waste materials needs to be controlled, specifically, the ratio is 2-4:6-8, with 30% straw and 70% livestock and poultry manure.

4. The process for recycling agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ratio of waste materials is 3:7, with 30% straw and 70% livestock and poultry manure.

5. The length of the pulverized waste materials according to claim 1 is less than 2 cm, characterized in that: In step S3, the moisture content of the material is controlled at 45%-50%, and urea is added at 5 kg / ton to supplement the nitrogen source.

6. The process for recycling agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the entire fermentation process lasts for 18-22 days.

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