A calcareous purple soil improver and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a calcareous purple soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil conditioners. The calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10-30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay minerals, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco dust, 1-2 parts of flue ash, 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 2-3 parts of a composite microbial agent. Compared with existing materials, the conditioner can slow down the degradation rate of organic matter, improve the effect of replenishing organic matter in the soil, and does not have the problem of heavy metal enrichment, effectively solving the problems existing in existing conditioners.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a calcareous purple soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sichuan Province is a major agricultural development and grain production area in my country. Calcareous purple soil is its typical soil type. Calcareous purple soil is developed from purple sandstone shale. It has a short development time, shallow soil layer, loose texture, and is easily eroded due to climatic factors.

[0003] The organic matter content is low and nutrient loss is serious. According to the China Soil Database, the content of a large number of nutrients in calcareous purple soil is generally low, the soil fertility is low, and the content of some trace elements is low and the effectiveness is poor, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. How to improve the fertility of calcareous purple soil and ensure crop yields is an issue that we urgently need to solve.

[0004] Currently, most soil conditioners use manure as a raw material. However, manure is high in heavy metals. Long-term application can lead to heavy metal accumulation in the soil, further polluting the soil with heavy metals and endangering green land production. Furthermore, manure, as an organic soil conditioner, suffers from the problem of rapid decomposition of organic matter, resulting in a minimal improvement in soil organic matter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a calcareous purple soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. Compared with existing substances, the conditioner can slow down the degradation rate of organic matter, improve the effect of organic matter replenishment in the soil, and has no problem of heavy metal enrichment, effectively solving the problems existing in existing conditioners.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10-30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay minerals, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco dust, 1-2 parts of flue ash, 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 2-3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0008] Furthermore, the activated clay mineral is prepared by the following method:

[0009] (1) grinding clay minerals to obtain clay mineral powder;

[0010] (2) Acid solution is added to clay mineral powder, and the mixture is reacted under stirring and heating conditions, and then filtered, washed to neutrality, and dried to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0011] Furthermore, the mesh size of the clay mineral powder in step (1) is 80-100 mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass concentration of the acid solution is 8%-12%, the solid-liquid ratio of the clay mineral powder to the acid solution is 1:9-12, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90° C., and the reaction time is 1-3 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, the acid solution in step (2) includes at least one of a sulfuric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a phosphoric acid solution.

[0014] Furthermore, the activated clay mineral includes at least one of activated attapulgite, activated kaolin, activated bentonite, activated sepiolite and activated diatomaceous earth.

[0015] Furthermore, amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2-3:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 60-70°C with stirring for 2-3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0016] Furthermore, the composite microbial agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of Azotobacter rotundus, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2-3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0017] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0019] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated clay minerals, and composite microbial agents to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25-30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%-55%, and subjecting the mixture to pile fermentation;

[0020] (3) When the pile temperature rises to above 55°C, keep it for 2-3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature is 56-70°C, keep it for more than 7 days.

[0021] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 40-50° C., stacking again, and then covering the pile surface with a shielding material to keep the moisture content in the pile at 30%-40%, aging for 12-15 days to obtain the product.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the height of the pile body is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the width of the pile body is 2-4 meters; in step (4), the height of the pile body is 0.8-1.5 meters, and the width of the pile body is 1.5-2.5 meters.

[0023] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:

[0024] 1. The improver of the present invention has comprehensive nutrients, readily available materials, and low prices. It fully utilizes agricultural organic waste resources and is suitable for large-scale production applications, thus realizing the recycling of organic nutrients.

[0025] 2. Compared with the existing manure compost, the modifier in the present invention avoids the accumulation of heavy metals and can improve the edible safety of crops. The modifier in the present invention is specially designed for the nutrient status of calcareous purple soil, and is targeted at improving the problems of high pH, ​​low organic matter and nitrogen content, poor phosphorus effectiveness, and insufficient content and effectiveness of some trace elements in calcareous purple soil. Specifically, activated clay minerals are added to the modifier, which is an important bridge for the formation of mineral-bound organic matter. Mineral-bound organic matter is an important component of stable organic matter in the soil. It has strong stability and long turnover time. It is generally difficult to decompose in the soil and has a positive effect on improving soil organic matter. Compared with traditional products, the addition of activated clay minerals can improve the stability of soil organic carbon, thereby increasing the soil organic carbon content and maintaining it for a longer time.

[0026] The addition of activated clay minerals can provide an environment for microbial colonization, improve the colonization effect of microorganisms, and enhance microbial activity and survival rate; at the same time, clay minerals can also improve microbial carbon utilization and promote the accumulation of microbial source carbon.

[0027] Activated clay minerals can provide a large number of active adsorption sites, have a good mineral fixation effect on ammonium nitrogen, and can effectively increase the retention time of nitrogen. When applied together with chemical fertilizers, they can reduce nutrient loss, enhance nutrient effectiveness, and improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0028] After being activated, the clay mineral of the present invention has more wrinkles and a rougher surface, thereby increasing a large number of active sites and dissolving impurities such as quartz, albite, aluminum, and magnesium in the clay mineral.

[0029] 3. The improver of the present invention is added with a composite microbial agent, among which the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria has a strong nitrogen-fixing ability, can fix nitrogen in the air and convert it into the nitrogen form required for growth, and can also secrete auxin to promote plant growth and fruit development; Bacillus subtilis can regulate the soil microenvironment, kill pathogens in the soil, increase the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter, promote soil loosening, improve crop immunity, enhance disease resistance, and promote crop growth; Bacillus licheniformis can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens by secreting antibacterial metabolites such as surfactant, and produce It can produce gibberellic acid, cytokinin-like substances, promote crop growth, and it can also fix nitrogen and phosphorus in the atmosphere, increase root nutrient absorption, and promote plant growth; Bacillus megaterium can produce a large amount of organic acid, decompose or dissolve insoluble phosphorus-containing substances in the soil, and convert them into phosphorus that is easily absorbed by plants, thereby improving the utilization rate of phosphorus. During its growth, it also secretes highly active decomposition enzymes and promotion factors, which increase the utilization rate of fertilizers and the absorption of nutrients. The combined application of the above-mentioned microorganisms and the synergistic effect between different microorganisms can fully enhance the effect of the amendment.

[0030] 4. The present invention also adds various trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, and zinc to supplement the nutritional deficiencies in the calcareous purple soil and increase the trace element content of the soil. The addition of amino acid chelated iron is not easily fixed and precipitated in the soil, reducing reactions with ions such as phosphate and hydroxide in the soil, thereby improving the stability and effectiveness of the iron fertilizer in the soil and enabling it to exert its effect over a long period of time. In alkaline soils, ordinary iron fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate easily form iron hydroxide precipitates, reducing their effectiveness. However, amino acid chelated iron can maintain good stability and solubility, and is more easily absorbed by plants. Because amino acids are organic molecules that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, when iron forms a chelate with amino acids, it can enter the plant body through the amino acid absorption pathway, improving the absorption efficiency and transport rate of the iron element. Amino acid chelated iron is less irritating to plants, has a wide range of usable concentrations, and is less likely to cause fertilizer damage. Furthermore, due to its high stability, it is not easy for excessive accumulation to cause toxicity to plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The pictures are of attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation.

[0032] Figure 2 The electronic scanning images of attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation;

[0033] Figure 3 XRD patterns of attapulgite before (top) and after (bottom) activation;

[0034] Figure 4 This is the percentage of element content before and after attapulgite activation;

[0035] Figure 5 The statistical diagram of specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of attapulgite before and after activation;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the improver;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the ammonia volatilization device;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of the ammonia volatile gas collection device;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an ammonia elution device;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a physical picture of the ammonia eluent receiving device;

[0041] Figure 11 This is the process diagram for determining ammonium nitrogen;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a statistical chart of the total cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization during the growth period of wheat under different treatments;

[0043] Figure 13 Different treatments of NO3 for wheat - (left) and NH4 + (Right) Statistics of total leaching losses. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. That is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.

[0045] Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely intended to represent selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0047] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0050] Wherein, activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0051] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100-mesh clay mineral powder;

[0052] (2) Adding a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% to the attapulgite powder, the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:10, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions, the heating reaction temperature is 85°C, the reaction time is 2h, and then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated attapulgite.

[0053] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2.5:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 65° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0054] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0055] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0057] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite, and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0058] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 10 days.

[0059] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 45° C. and re-stacking the pile with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 35%, and aging the pile for 14 days to obtain the product.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of rape straw, 30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 25 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of activated bentonite, 10 parts of cow dung, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of tobacco powder, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 2 parts of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of amino acid chelated iron, and 2 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0062] Wherein, the activated bentonite is prepared by the following method:

[0063] (1) Grinding bentonite to obtain 100 mesh bentonite powder;

[0064] (2) Adding a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 8% to the bentonite powder, the solid-liquid ratio of the bentonite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:12, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions, the heating reaction temperature is 80°C, the reaction time is 3 hours, and then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated bentonite.

[0065] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 3:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 70° C. under stirring for 2 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0066] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0067] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0069] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated bentonite, and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.2 m and a width of 4 m;

[0070] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 55°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 58°C, maintain it for 15 days.

[0071] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 40° C. and re-stacking the pile to a height of 0.8 m and a width of 2.5 m, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 30%, and aging the pile for 12 days to obtain the product.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of rape straw, 10 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated kaolin, 10 parts of cow dung, 4 parts of plant ash, 4 parts of tobacco dust, 1 part of flue ash, 2 parts of amino acid powder, 1 part of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0074] Wherein, activated kaolin is prepared by the following method:

[0075] (1) Grinding kaolin to obtain 100-mesh kaolin powder;

[0076] (2) Adding a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 12% to the kaolin powder, the solid-liquid ratio of the kaolin powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:9, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions. The heating reaction temperature is 90°C and the reaction time is 1 hour. Then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0077] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution are prepared separately, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2:1, mixed, and the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and then reacted at 60° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooled, and concentrated to obtain the product.

[0078] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0079] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0080] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0081] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated kaolin, and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m;

[0082] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 56°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 70°C, maintain it for 8 days.

[0083] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 50° C. and re-stacking the pile to a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 1.5 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 40%, and aging the pile for 15 days to obtain the product.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 15 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 25 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 7 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of tobacco powder, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1 part of borax, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0086] Wherein, activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0087] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100-mesh attapulgite powder;

[0088] (2) A sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 9% is added to the attapulgite powder, and the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:11. The mixture is then reacted under stirring and heating conditions. The heating reaction temperature is 88°C and the reaction time is 1 hour. The mixture is then filtered, washed with baking soda until neutral, and dried to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0089] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution are prepared separately, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2:1, mixed, the pH value is adjusted to neutral, and then reacted at 64° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooled, and concentrated to obtain the product.

[0090] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0091] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0092] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0093] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 2.5 m;

[0094] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 9 days.

[0095] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 42° C. and re-stacking the pile to a height of 1.2 meters and a width of 1.8 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 35%, and aging the pile for 15 days to obtain the product.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0098] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2.5:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 65° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0099] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0100] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0101] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0102] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, attapulgite, and a composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0103] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 10 days.

[0104] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 45° C. and re-stacking the pile with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 35%, and aging the pile for 14 days to obtain the product.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent.

[0107] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2.5:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 65° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0108] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable bacterial count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0109] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0110] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0111] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, and a composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0112] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 10 days.

[0113] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 45° C. and re-stacking the pile with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 35%, and aging the pile for 14 days to obtain the product.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron, and 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis inoculant.

[0116] Wherein, activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0117] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100-mesh clay mineral powder;

[0118] (2) Adding a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% to the attapulgite powder, the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:10, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions, the heating reaction temperature is 85°C, the reaction time is 2h, and then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated attapulgite.

[0119] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2.5:1, mixing them, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 65° C. under stirring for 3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

[0120] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0121] (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0122] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite and Bacillus subtilis inoculum to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0123] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, maintain it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, maintain it for 10 days.

[0124] (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 45° C. and re-stacking the pile with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters, then covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to maintain the moisture content at 35%, and aging the pile for 14 days to obtain the product.

[0125] Figure 1 The pictures show the attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation. The results show that the activated attapulgite changes from light yellow to white, showing a significant color change.

[0126] Figure 2 The following are electronic scanning images of attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation. The results show that before activation, the attapulgite flakes are scattered and piled up, without a large number of pores or holes. However, after activation, the surface of the attapulgite has obvious wrinkles and rough layers, the layer structure is more broken, and some holes have been dissolved.

[0127] Figure 3 The XRD patterns of attapulgite before (top) and after (bottom) activation show that the main mineral component of attapulgite is montmorillonite. After acid activation, the interlayer structure of montmorillonite is partially destroyed, but the basic crystal framework is still retained, and impurities such as quartz and albite are dissolved.

[0128] Figure 4 The figure shows the percentage of element content before and after activation of attapulgite. The results show that after activation, the content of aluminum and magnesium elements decreased significantly, indicating that some aluminum and magnesium ions between the layers were dissolved.

[0129] Figure 5 The above is a statistical chart of the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of attapulgite before and after activation. The results show that the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated attapulgite are expanded, indicating that the activated clay minerals have further enhanced their ability to absorb organic matter and nitrogen nutrients.

[0130] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the improver.

[0131] Test example

[0132] Calcareous purple soil - brown purple sand soil from typical sloping farmland in Sichuan was collected for a potted wheat experiment. The potted experiment was set up with seven treatments: CK (no fertilization), conventional fertilization (HF), conventional organic fertilizer product application (OM), Example 1 modifier application (GM), Comparative Example 1 modifier application, Comparative Example 2 modifier application and Comparative Example 3 modifier application, with a total of four replicates, and 4 wheat plants were planted in each pot.

[0133] Urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as potash fertilizer. The nutrient content of conventional organic fertilizer products is: organic matter 33.01%, total nitrogen 1.28%, P2O5

[0134] 1.42%, K2O 2.33%, pH7.36, moisture content 27.6%.

[0135] Table 1 shows the fertilizer dosage for each treatment:

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] During the wheat planting process, the nitrogen loss of wheat was dynamically monitored, mainly monitoring its ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen leaching loss. The method is as follows:

[0139] Ammonia volatilization: Use the closed chamber-intermittent extraction method. When monitoring NH3 volatilization, record the air temperature and soil temperature at the same time. NH3 volatilization is collected from the second day after fertilization, once a day within one week after fertilization, and once every 2-3 days after one week, until the NH3 volatilization amount between each treatment is reduced to a small amount and there is no significant difference with the CK treatment. For details, see Figure 7-8 .

[0140] Nitrogen elution: The soil filtrate was collected by opening the three-way valve at the bottom of the pot. The collected soil filtrate was brought back to the laboratory, filtered and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator, and then its NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N. Regularly collect once a week; see the measurement device Figure 9-11 ;

[0141] The monitoring results of ammonia volatilization from wheat are as follows:

[0142] Figure 12 The figure is a statistical chart of the total cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of wheat under different treatments during the growth period. The results show that compared with conventional fertilization, the application of conventional organic fertilizer, the improver in Example 1 and the improvers in Comparative Examples 1-3 can significantly reduce the loss of nitrogen due to ammonia volatilization. Among them, the nitrogen retention effect of the improver in Example 1 is relatively good. Compared with conventional fertilization, the improver in Example 1 reduces the loss of ammonia volatilization by 14.81%, and reduces it by 2.77% compared with conventional organic fertilizer products.

[0143] Figure 13 Different treatments of NO3 for wheat - (left) and NH4 + (Right) Statistical chart of total leaching loss. The results show that compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer, Example 1, and the modifiers in Comparative Examples 1-3 can significantly reduce nitrogen leaching losses. Nitrate nitrogen leaching is the main nitrogen leaching loss. Nitrate nitrogen loss due to conventional fertilization reaches 1.57 kg / hm2. 2 , the loss of ammonium nitrogen is only 0.79g / hm 2 The improver of Example 1 has a better nitrogen retention effect. Compared with conventional fertilization, the improver of Example 1 reduces the loss of nitrate nitrogen by 40.8%, and compared with conventional organic fertilizer products, it reduces it by 3.90%.

[0144] The aboveground biomass, yield components and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat are shown in Table 2-4:

[0145] Table 2: Biomass (dry weight) of various aboveground parts of wheat under different treatments

[0146]

[0147] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0148] The results showed that conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer application, and the application of the modifiers in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 all significantly increased the biomass of various aboveground parts of wheat; compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer products only increased the accumulation of stem biomass, while the biomass of leaves, husks, cobs, and grains decreased; compared with conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer products, the modifier in Example 1 significantly increased the accumulation of biomass of various aboveground parts of wheat, indicating that the application of the modifier promoted the aboveground growth of wheat.

[0149] Table 3: Yield components and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat under different treatments

[0150]

[0151] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0152] The results showed that under the conditions of the potted test, compared with the no-fertilization treatment, the three fertilization treatments all significantly increased the various yield components of wheat; compared with conventional fertilization, the conventional organic fertilizer product and the improver of Example 1 significantly increased the number of wheat grains per ear, but both decreased in 100-grain weight. Among them, the improver of Example 1 had the highest number of grains per ear, which increased by 23.85% compared with conventional fertilization, but decreased in 100-grain weight by 11.38%. Both are important factors affecting wheat yield, and in practical life, there is a certain negative correlation between the two. In all treatments, the wheat yield, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization rate were significantly improved under the conditions of the new improver application, which increased by 14.15% and 18.92%, 19.22% and 25.96%, and 3.64% and 4.88% respectively compared with conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer products. This shows that the application of the improver of Example 1 can effectively promote wheat yield, improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of wheat, and promote efficient nitrogen utilization.

[0153] The changes in soil nutrient content are shown in Table 4;

[0154] Table 4 Changes in soil nutrient content under different wheat treatments

[0155]

[0156] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0157] The results showed that under the conditions of the potted test, compared with the no-fertilization treatment, the three fertilization treatments all significantly reduced the soil pH, among which the organic fertilizer and the modifier of Example 1 had the most obvious regulating effect. Originally, too high soil pH would lead to poor effectiveness of soil nutrients; compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer products and the modifier of Example 1 significantly improved the levels of soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, among which the modifier of Example 1 had the most significant effect on improving soil ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. Nitrate nitrogen is the main nitrogen form absorbed and utilized by dryland wheat. Although conventional organic fertilizer has the best improvement effect, it is still not as effective as the conventional organic fertilizer in the determination of wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency. In the experiment, it was proved that the new improver promoted nitrogen accumulation in wheat and improved nitrogen utilization efficiency. This may also be the reason why the nitrate nitrogen content after treatment with the new improver was lower than that of conventional organic fertilizer products. In addition, compared with the no-fertilization treatment, the total potassium content of conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer production decreased slightly, while the improver product of Example 1 was significantly improved compared with both; the soil available potassium content was the highest under conventional fertilization treatment, and the conventional organic fertilizer product and the improver of Example 1 decreased slightly, but both were higher than the no-fertilization treatment. This may be because the application of organic fertilizer increased microbial activity, resulting in more potassium being utilized by microorganisms and stored in the microorganisms.

[0158] Overall, the improver of Example 1 has better improvement effects than conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer and the improver products of Comparative Examples 1-3, whether in terms of increasing crop yield, efficient nitrogen utilization and soil nutrient fertilization; although the conventional organic fertilizer product is better than the improver of Example 1 in improving some soil nutrients, it is not as effective as the improver of Example 1 in increasing crop yield and promoting crop nutrient absorption, and may even cause crop yield reduction. This also shows that the quality of some organic fertilizer products on the market is uneven, or they are not suitable for certain soil types and crop types.

Claims

1. A calcareous purple soil conditioner, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of king oyster mushroom residue, 10-30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay minerals, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco powder, 1-2 parts of flue ash, 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 2-3 parts of composite microbial agent; The activated clay mineral comprises at least one of activated attapulgite, activated kaolin, activated bentonite, activated sepiolite and activated diatomaceous earth; The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of Azotobacter rotundus, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2-3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective viable count of each of the ingredients is greater than 20 billion cfu / g; The activated clay mineral is prepared by the following method: (1) grinding the clay mineral to obtain a clay mineral powder with a mesh size of 80-100; (2) adding an acid solution with a mass concentration of 8% to 12% to the clay mineral powder, with a solid-liquid ratio of the clay mineral powder to the acid solution of 1:9-12, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating at 80-90° C. for 1-3 hours, and then filtering, washing to neutrality, and drying to obtain an activated clay mineral; The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps: (1) Rapeseed straw, King Oyster Mushroom residue, Seafood Mushroom residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred to obtain a mixture; (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated clay minerals, and composite microbial agents to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25-30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%-55%, and subjecting the mixture to pile fermentation; (3) When the pile temperature rises to above 55°C, keep it for 2-3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature is 56-70°C, keep it for more than 7 days. (4) Lowering the pile temperature to 40-50° C., stacking again, and then covering the pile surface with a shielding material to keep the moisture content in the pile at 30%-40%, aging for 12-15 days to obtain the product.

2. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein The acid solution in step (2) includes at least one of a sulfuric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a phosphoric acid solution.

3. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: preparing an amino acid aqueous solution and a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, with a molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion of 2-3:1, mixing them evenly, adjusting the pH value to neutral, and then reacting them at 60-70°C with stirring for 2-3 hours, cooling, and concentrating to obtain the product.

4. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the height of the pile body is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the width of the pile body is 2-4 meters; in step (4), the height of the pile body is 0.8-1.5 meters, and the width of the pile body is 1.5-2.5 meters.

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