High-capacity continuous-operation high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-capacity continuous-operation external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation. The high-capacity continuous-operation external circulation slurry bed reactor can be used for treating 100 tons of materials per hour in a coal power plant and a garbage power plant. The product has a double structure of the shell and the inner cylinder; the device is composed of an equipment shell, an inner sleeve, an external heat exchanger, an inner sleeve wave-shaped heat exchange assembly, an inter-sleeve annular-sleeve heat exchange winding piece, an inner sleeve surrounding heat exchange wall, a lower material jet bundling pipe, a gas collection chamber, a water tank, an external solid-liquid separator, a solid residue storage tank, a supercritical water jet bundling pipe, a supercritical water jet pipe, a high-pressure nozzle component and the like. And a plurality of pressure valves are arranged in a gas collection chamber of the reactor to prevent overpressure. And each heat exchange piece is in hard connection with the double cylinders and the inner shell in a welding manner. And the air flow after heat exchange and the liquid after solid-liquid separation are both subjected to reaction and external circulation. Nine products are combined for use, and main steam of 2565.5 tons / hour, 31 MPa and 600 DEG C can be continuously supplied to the most advanced 1000 MW steam turbine. The product can help to realize the targets of low-carbon transformation, waste utilization and'carbon neutralization '.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of green energy power generation, in particular to a large-capacity continuously operated high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation. Background Art

[0002] Under the technology of coal-fired power generation units and waste incineration power generation, power plants emit a large amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants such as dioxins into the atmosphere. If supercritical water gasification technology is to be used to carry out major technical transformation of coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants, one of the core components required is this large-capacity, continuously operating high-temperature power generation external circulation slurry bed reactor.

[0003] With regard to the field of power generation, the applicant of the present invention, who has long worked as an engineering technician in a large steam turbine power generation equipment manufacturing group, understands that, as an external circulation slurry bed reactor that provides high-temperature hot gas and is the core equipment of a power generation system, it cannot be shut down at will but must operate continuously for 24 hours, a whole month, a whole year, and must operate under working conditions. If it cannot provide working steam for the steam turbine unit or is shut down at will, in addition to affecting the power generation efficiency, it will inevitably cause deformation, fracture and cracking of equipment including the steam turbine shaft, blades and cylinders, causing paralysis of the power generation system and interruption of power supply to the power plant.

[0004] To this end, a high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation that provides working steam for the steam turbine carries out supercritical water gasification reaction on fuel materials such as coal and garbage in the reactor, and provides high-temperature gas for the subsequent external steam generator or integrated evaporator. It is different from external circulation slurry bed reactors for other purposes in terms of structural design, material selection, and operating mode, and has a special design, special requirements and its own characteristics.

[0005] In view of the above problems, a large-capacity continuous high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity, continuously operating, high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation. By adopting this device, the problem that if the steam turbine unit cannot be provided with working steam or is shut down at will in the above background, in addition to affecting the power generation efficiency, it will inevitably cause deformation, breakage and cracking of equipment including the main shaft, blades and cylinders of the steam turbine, causing paralysis of the power generation system and interruption of power supply to the power plant will be solved.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a large-capacity continuously operating high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation, comprising an equipment shell, an inner sleeve fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell, a critical water jet end fixedly installed on the top of the inner sleeve, an air collecting chamber outlet opened at the top of the equipment shell, a steam generator fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air collecting chamber outlet, and a high-temperature clean steam outlet for power generation fixedly connected to the port of the steam generator.

[0008] Furthermore, an inner shell heat exchange winding is fixedly connected between the equipment shell and the inner sleeve, and a plurality of lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the inner sleeve, and one end of each of the lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment shell.

[0009] Furthermore, a supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle is fixedly connected to one end of each lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle, a water tank is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment shell, and a second corrugated heat exchange component is fixedly installed inside the inner sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the second corrugated heat exchange component penetrates the side wall of the equipment shell and is fixedly connected to the water tank, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first corrugated heat exchange component. One end of the first corrugated heat exchange component penetrates the inner sleeve and the outer wall of the equipment shell in sequence and is fixedly connected to the high-temperature clean steam outlet for power generation.

[0011] Furthermore, a gas-liquid interface is provided inside the equipment shell, and the gas-liquid interface is located directly above the second corrugated heat exchange component. The side wall of the shell is fixedly connected to a solid slag storage tank, and the port of each supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle is fixedly connected to the solid slag storage tank.

[0012] Furthermore, a material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment shell, one end of the material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle is fixedly connected to the material jet bundle tube at the lower part of the inner cylinder, one end of the material jet bundle tube at the lower part of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the material box, and each port of the supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle is fixedly connected to a material jet end.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the material jet end is fixedly connected to the material jet bundling tube at the bottom of the inner tube, a reactor base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the equipment shell, a plurality of supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzles at the bottom of the inner tube are fixedly connected to the top of the reactor base, and a supercritical water bundling nozzle is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment shell.

[0014] Furthermore, a supercritical water clustering delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the port of the supercritical water clustering nozzle, and the supercritical water clustering delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle at the bottom of the inner tube, and supercritical water is installed inside the supercritical water clustering delivery pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention applies for a large-capacity, continuously operated external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation. Different from other external circulation reactors, the reactor is specially used for "large-capacity" and "continuous operation" to dispose of fuel materials such as coal and domestic garbage. Without adding other chemical catalysts, supercritical water gasification reaction is carried out in the reactor 24 hours a day, a whole month, and a whole year (except for planned shutdowns for overhaul) to obtain high-temperature gas; the high-temperature gas is heat-exchanged in various ways such as the annular tube heat exchange winding between the inner and outer tubes of the inner shell arranged in the reactor, the corrugated heat exchange group under the gas-liquid interface in the inner shell, and the heat exchange wall of the inner wall of the inner shell that can be arranged, and the heat exchanger outside the reactor, and then combined and transmitted to the steam generator or integrated evaporator connected thereto to obtain qualified and clean high-temperature and high-pressure steam. For example, the present invention can use 9 reactors in combination to produce clean and qualified working steam with a main steam inlet flow rate of 2565.5 tons / hour, a main steam pressure of 31MPa, and a main steam temperature of 600°C for the most advanced domestic ultra-supercritical 1000MW coal-fired power unit; therefore, the reactor product applied for by the present invention can completely replace various open-flame coal-fired and garbage-incineration boilers, fully reflecting the parameter matching function and innovative value of the product of the present invention in replacing coal-fired boilers, the core power generation equipment.

[0016] 2. The present invention applies for a large-capacity, continuously operated, high-temperature power generation external circulation slurry bed reactor. The supercritical water gasification technology is used to realize the supercritical water gasification reaction and pyrolysis of the fuel materials of coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants in the reactor, and the harmful organic matter is decomposed into harmless inorganic salts. Some inorganic acids coming out of the solid-liquid separator can be extracted after liquid separation, and low-temperature water and the like are drained to the material jet and enter the reactor again to participate in the reaction, realizing "external circulation". The use of the solid-liquid separation and high-temperature gas separation measures outside the reactor applied by the present invention will change the destination of carbides, sulfides, nitrides, heavy metals and smoke dust existing in the flues of various coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants, and no longer discharge them to the external environment. After solid-liquid separation, inorganic salts in the solid can be extracted, and harmless solid slags such as heavy metals enter the storage tank, which can be used for road construction, filling, etc. The separated carbon can be synthesized with hydrogen into green aviation kerosene, low-carbon gasoline and diesel urgently needed at home and abroad, meeting the needs of high-quality social development.

[0017] 3. It is precisely because of the large-capacity continuously operating high-temperature power generation external circulation slurry bed reactor and its continuous, effective and safe operation applied by the present invention that the new coal-fired power generation system and the new hazardous waste disposal power plant established by coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants will fundamentally eliminate carbon dioxide, dust, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, organic pollutants, dioxins and heavy metal pollution and other various tail gases, smoke and slag existing in the original systems of various coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants. They will no longer be discharged to the external environment through chimneys and flues, but will be transformed into fully controlled utilization. Some inorganic salts will be turned from waste to treasure and harm to treasure, and various wastes will be utilized, thus changing the carbon and pollution emission phenomena of various original coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants, and realizing the innovation and transformation of zero carbon and zero pollution emissions to the external environment and clean and safe power generation; it is the present invention application that changes the way traditional power generation systems obtain steam by burning coal, which meets the requirements of the national low-carbon transformation and zero-carbon "carbon neutrality" policy, and reflects the urgent desire of China's high-quality social development to reduce pollution and carbon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to this patent.

[0019] In the figure: 1. steam generator; 2. first corrugated heat exchange component; 3. gas collecting chamber outlet; 4. second corrugated heat exchange component; 5. lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle; 6. material jet end; 7. equipment shell; 8. inner sleeve; 9. material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle; 10. material box; 11. material jet clustering pipe at the lower part of the inner tube; 12. supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle at the bottom of the inner tube; 13. gas-liquid interface; 14. supercritical water jet end; 15. water tank; 16. supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle; 17. solid slag storage box; 18. supercritical water clustering conveying pipe; 19. supercritical water; 20. reactor base; 21. supercritical water clustering nozzle; 22. ring inner shell heat exchange winding; 23. high-temperature clean steam outlet for power generation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In order to solve the technical problem that if the steam turbine unit cannot be provided with working steam or is shut down at will, in addition to affecting the power generation efficiency, it will inevitably cause deformation, fracture and cracking of equipment including the turbine shaft, blades and cylinder, causing paralysis of the power generation system and interruption of power supply in the power plant, such as Figure 1 , provide the following preferred technical solutions: A high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for large-capacity continuous operation for power generation, comprising an equipment shell 7, an inner sleeve 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell 7, a critical water jet end 14 is fixedly installed on the top of the inner sleeve 8, an air collecting chamber outlet 3 is opened at the top of the equipment shell 7, a steam generator 1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air collecting chamber outlet 3, and a high-temperature clean steam outlet 23 for power generation is fixedly connected at the port of the steam generator 1. In view of the specific technical characteristics and operating requirements of the supercritical water gasification reaction, this scheme has carried out innovative high-temperature and high-pressure design in structure, such as adopting a double-layer structure of a heat-resistant alloy steel shell and an inner sleeve, multiple combinations of supercritical water jet nozzles at the bottom and lower part of the inner cylinder, and multiple combinations of high-pressure fuel material jet nozzles in the middle, to ensure that the fuel material is fully input and has enough time to react.

[0022] An inner shell heat exchange winding 22 is fixedly connected between the equipment shell 7 and the inner sleeve 8, and a plurality of lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles 5 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the inner sleeve 8. One end of each lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 5 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment shell 7.

[0023] A supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 16 is fixedly connected to one end of each lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 5, a water tank 15 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment shell 7, and a second corrugated heat exchange component 4 is fixedly installed inside the inner sleeve 8.

[0024] One end of the second corrugated heat exchange component 4 penetrates through the side wall of the equipment shell 7 and is fixedly connected to the water tank 15, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first corrugated heat exchange component 2. One end of the first corrugated heat exchange component 2 penetrates through the inner sleeve 8 and the outer wall of the equipment shell 7 in sequence and is fixedly connected to the high-temperature clean steam outlet 23 for power generation.

[0025] A gas-liquid interface 13 is provided inside the equipment shell 7, and the gas-liquid interface 13 is located directly above the second corrugated heat exchange component 4. The side wall of the shell 1 is fixedly connected to a solid slag storage tank 17, and the port of each supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzle 16 is fixedly connected to the solid slag storage tank 17.

[0026] A material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment shell 7, one end of the material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 9 is fixedly connected to the material jet bundle tube 11 at the lower part of the inner cylinder, one end of the material jet bundle tube 11 at the lower part of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the material box 10, and the port of each supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 16 is fixedly connected to the material jet end 6.

[0027] One end of the material jet end 6 is fixedly connected to the material jet clustering tube 11 at the bottom of the inner tube, a reactor base 20 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the equipment shell 7, and the top of the reactor base 20 is fixedly connected to multiple supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles 12 at the bottom of the inner tube, and a supercritical water clustering nozzle 21 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment shell 7.

[0028] The port of the supercritical water clustering nozzle 21 is fixedly connected with a supercritical water clustering delivery pipe 18 , which is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 12 at the bottom of the inner tube, and supercritical water 19 is installed inside the supercritical water clustering delivery pipe 18 .

[0029] In this scheme: the working process of the logistics jet end 6, the material jet bundle tube 7 at the lower part of the inner tube, the supercritical water jet end 14, and the supercritical water jet bundle tube 13 is as follows: (1) In addition to utilizing the characteristics of an external circulation slurry bed reactor, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactor, which has a large liquid storage capacity, a large safe production capacity, can remove the reaction heat in a timely and effective manner, can maintain the isothermal operation of the reactor, the internal fluid can form a regular directional circulation flow, and enhance the mixing, diffusion, mass transfer and heat transfer between the reactants, the present invention also adopts an innovative high-temperature and high-pressure design in terms of structure, such as a double-layer structure of a heat-resistant alloy steel shell and an inner sleeve, a combination of supercritical water jet nozzles at the bottom and lower part of the inner tube, and a combination of high-pressure material jet nozzles in the middle, to ensure that the material is fully input and has enough time to react.

[0030] (2) The present invention arranges special connections between the inner and outer shells and the "supercritical water jet cluster tube and porous flange" and "material jet cluster tube and porous flange", and reinforces the protrusion protection, which is more conducive to safe production and continuous operation under high temperature and high pressure environment. As a way to connect the inside and outside of the high temperature and high pressure container, a porous flange device with fastening threads is arranged inside and outside.

[0031] As mentioned above, "the material jet end 6, the material jet bundle tube 7 at the lower part of the inner tube, and the lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 5 serve as the external material inlet, as well as the critical water jet end 14 at the middle and bottom, the supercritical water jet bundle tube 13, the middle supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 16, and the supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle 8 at the bottom of the inner tube" serve as the inlet for external materials and supercritical water. The jet bundle tubes (nozzles) are all fixed inside the porous flange, which is a common setting in this field. The porous flange generally has threads on the outside and threads inside the porous flange, and the jet bundle tube (nozzle) is fixed inside, and the high-temperature and high-pressure container is fixed outside. As an inner and outer double-tube high-temperature and high-pressure container, the porous flange has built-in threads to fix the jet bundle tube and nozzle, and the outer threads are fixed to the inner and outer double-tube high-temperature and high-pressure containers through tight thread mechanical connection.

[0032] (3) The design of the present invention is to allow sufficient supercritical water to be fully injected from the bottom and top of the reactor inner tube through the jet cluster tube and the porous flange into the reactor inner shell in multiple groups, so as to provide supercritical water reaction medium for the operation of the reactor. Sufficient high-pressure fuel material jets pass through the nozzle combination in the middle of the inner shell, enter the middle of the inner shell and spray upward obliquely, interweave and mix with the supercritical water injected from above and below, and perform supercritical water gasification and thermal decomposition reaction. This design arrangement of the present invention application is to combine nozzles in the middle and bottom of the reactor inner shell to spray supercritical water as needed, and to combine nozzles in the middle of the reactor inner shell to spray fuel materials, so as to ensure that the materials are fully input and have enough time to react with the supercritical water.

[0033] (4) Various organic fuel materials undergo supercritical water gasification reaction in this reactor to become harmless inorganic salts. The reaction process will also produce high-temperature gas. This high-temperature gas is released and heat-exchanged to the external steam generator 1 or integrated evaporator to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure steam for steam turbine power generation.

[0034] In the present invention, in order to meet the functional requirements of a high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor with large capacity and continuous operation, the equipment housing 7 and the inner sleeve 8 are both made of high-temperature heat-resistant steel. The inner sleeve is made of domestic 06Cr26Ni20 nickel-chromium series high-temperature resistant alloy steel, and the outer housing is made of domestic 0Cr26Ni20 nickel-chromium series high-temperature resistant alloy steel, with a wall thickness of more than 50.

[0035] In the present invention, since the basic requirement of the supercritical water state is a special form of water with a pressure of 22.12MPa and a temperature of 374.15°C or above, when the temperature of the supercritical water injected into the inner shell from the outside is higher than the supercritical water state, it can react with the fuel and material injected into the inner shell from the outside to form a supercritical water gasification reaction and generate a higher temperature high-temperature gas.

[0036] In the present invention, the operating conditions of the generator sets after the transformation of various coal-fired power plants and garbage power plants are taken into consideration. Therefore, the parameters of the reactor of the product of the present invention in terms of high temperature resistance and pressure are designed as follows: (1) The internal reactor sleeve is designed to withstand a temperature of more than 1000°C, which can cope with different operating temperatures of supercritical water gasification reactions of different fuel materials; (2) Considering the temperature required for pyrolysis of harmful substances in water-coal slurry and garbage, as well as the temperature loss during the transportation of hot gas and steam, the operating temperature of a large-capacity continuous high-temperature power generation external circulation slurry bed reactor is set at 900°C or below; (3) The operating pressure of the reactor is 23MPa-33MPa, which can meet the needs of supporting ultra-high power steam turbine generator sets of 1000MW-2000MW; (4) The above national standard main steam pressure of 31MPa, main steam inlet flow rate of 2565.5 tons / hour and main steam temperature of 600℃ are provided for the most advanced and largest operating unit in China, 1000MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine unit (generator unit). This can only be achieved by the structure, material, working condition design, combined use, continuous operation of external supercritical water (supplied by green energy electric furnace), uninterrupted injection of external fuel materials and stable operation of the present invention application "a large-capacity continuous operation external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation".

[0037] The present invention applies for "a large-capacity continuous operation high-temperature power generation external circulation slurry bed reactor" to operate according to the design conditions. As above, after calculating the high heat gas output of this reactor, it is used in combination with 9 reactors to achieve 2771 tons of high heat gas per hour and 2565.5 tons of steam per hour, which reflects the matching function of the present invention to replace the coal-fired boiler, the core power generation equipment. The more advanced the efficiency of the steam turbine generator set, the higher the steam temperature and pressure. Therefore, after being able to meet the steam volume, pressure and temperature of the above-mentioned 1000MW most advanced ultra-supercritical steam turbine generator set, other supercritical steam turbine generator sets require high-temperature steam of 570℃ and operating pressure of 22.4MPa, such as general ultra-supercritical steam turbine generator sets require high-temperature steam of 580℃ and operating pressure of 25MPa, as well as lower waste incineration power generation sets. The supercritical water gasification reaction and its heat output, pressure and temperature applied by the present invention can ensure the normal operation of the steam turbine generator set and clean and safe power generation.

[0038] In the present invention, the "large-capacity processing" and "continuous operation" of a large-capacity and continuously operating external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation are characterized by being different from other external circulation slurry bed reactors in that: (1) The product of the present invention can process different materials used for power generation separately or in combination, and can obtain sufficiently high heat gas without adding a catalyst to be converted into high-temperature and high-pressure clean steam for power generation; (2) This product should be able to process high-water-content coal slurry, garbage and other mixed materials at a large capacity of more than 100 tons per hour; (3) Depending on the different steam requirements of the large-power steam turbine generator set, the patented equipment needs to provide a combination of more than 9 units in series and parallel, and continuously operate to carry out large-volume material disposal reactions and obtain high-temperature gas, thereby achieving the requirement of producing 2565.5 tons of clean working steam per hour to provide the most advanced 1000MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine; (4) This patent design uses 20 anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles at the bottom of the inner tube to set up supercritical water jets, 35-70 combinations of logistics high-pressure nozzles around the lower wall of the inner tube, and 21-42 combinations of anti-backflow high-pressure nozzles in the middle of the inner tube to provide supercritical water jets again, so as to ensure that the material has enough time for supercritical water gasification reaction and the power for the material in the tube to flow upward; (5) The supercritical water jet (pressure above 22.22MPa, 23MPa-33MPa) in the middle of the inner tube is configured obliquely upward through the anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle combination, so as to provide space for the material jet (pressure at 6MPa) from the nozzle in the middle of the inner tube to pass through so that they can react with each other. At the same time, the reactor tube of this patent only has a corrugated heat exchange component under the upper gas-liquid interface, which can exchange heat and stabilize the gas-liquid interface. In addition, the facilities in the tube are simplified to prevent backflow, reduce obstruction, avoid clogging, and realize continuous operation of the reactor.

[0039] In the present invention, the gas collecting chamber is provided with a leak-proof hot gas outlet valve with pressure metering, which effectively prevents excessive hot gas from being released and reducing the internal pressure of the reactor: (1) In fact, since the temperature of the supercritical water supplied to the reactor is between 600°C and 850°C and the pressure is above 23MPa, compared with the aforementioned basic requirements of supercritical water pressure of 22.12MPa and temperature of 374.15°C and above, various fuel materials in this reactor can fully meet the conditions for supercritical water gasification and can undergo supercritical water gasification reaction. More importantly, the supercritical water gasification reaction will produce a higher temperature and more gas, and the pressure in the reactor will rise accordingly. The pressure inside the reactor is much higher than the pressure in the gas release channel of the gas collecting chamber, and the gas outside the gas release channel will not flow back into the reactor to change the pressure inside the reactor. Therefore, the requirements of the supercritical water gasification reaction can be continuously met in the reactor, and the supercritical water gasification reaction can be carried out on the fuel material. As long as the supercritical water and the material are continuously and uninterruptedly provided as required, the pressure in the reactor of the present invention will not be affected by the outflow of the high-temperature gas, and the internal pressure of the reactor will not be reduced due to the provision of the "gas release channel", and the supercritical reaction state in the reactor will not be changed. Moreover, in order to ensure the external injection supply of supercritical water, in the reactor of the present invention, the supply structure of supercritical water (and fuel material), the number of nozzles and the structural arrangement and design will ensure that the inside of the reactor is in a balanced supercritical water reaction state; the convection of the reaction hot gas will also be beneficial to the material in the reactor being in a supercritical water reaction state.

[0040] (2) The greater the power of the external downstream steam turbine, the higher the supercritical water pressure required by the reactor. For example, a 1000MW-2000MW super-high power steam turbine generator set requires 33MPa. Various fuel materials can be fully subjected to supercritical water gasification reactions without being affected by the restricted release of high-temperature gases. At the same time, as mentioned above, the operating pressure of this reactor has been set to 33MPa. The reactor is equipped with a pressure release alarm system at multiple locations such as the gas collecting chamber and the reactor liquid level position, so that when the overpressure reaches 33.3 MPa, more and larger gas outlets such as the gas collecting chamber are opened, and the pressure in the reactor needs to be released.

[0041] (3) To ensure that the high-temperature gas from the gas collection chamber comes out from the outlet, passes through the high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline, and reaches the external heat exchanger for heat exchange to obtain clean high-temperature steam, so as to reflect the basic efficiency of the reactor as a power generation equipment that produces steam continuously for 24 hours, a whole month, and a whole year (except for planned overhaul). To achieve this efficiency, the "gas collection chamber-pipeline-external heat exchanger" will also use a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant flange as a connecting component (the material of the flange is the same as that of the reactor shell) to firmly connect the gas path and ensure the uninterrupted flow of gas.

[0042] (4) In order to ensure that the gas collecting chamber and even the reactor can work effectively and safely, the connection of "gas collecting chamber-pipeline-external heat exchanger" should be unobstructed and should not leak or block. At the same time, in order to avoid possible situations such as poor flow in the gas collecting chamber and excessive pressure in the gas collecting chamber, an overpressure valve will be installed at the gas outlet and its pipeline. When the pressure in the gas collecting chamber may be higher than the rated pressure (reactor operating condition), the gas will break the overpressure valve and be released from the bypass to avoid accidents such as explosion. This is an explosion-proof requirement that must be met in the design of high-pressure vessels. In other words, the gas outlet of the gas collecting chamber must use multiple throttle valves to control the flow. Due to the existence of the internal and external pressure difference, the external gas will not flow back, and the internal temperature and pressure will not drop rapidly. The throttle valve at the outlet 3 of the gas collecting chamber is like the switch of a gas tank or a gas stove, and is also a flow control requirement that must be met in the design of pressure vessels.

[0043] In the present invention, the hot air in the gas collecting chamber flows through the external heat exchanger for heat exchange, and then flows to the material jet, and then enters the reactor again to participate in the reaction, thereby realizing external circulation, with the purpose of completely pyrolyzing harmful substances such as dioxins and other organic substances, realizing harmless treatment and zero pollution discharge, and passing through the external heat exchanger, the inter-cylinder ring-cylinder heat exchange winding, and the corrugated heat exchange component under the gas-liquid interface, the heat flow and steam coming out are combined and transmitted to the steam generator 1, so as to provide clean steam with qualified working conditions for the high-power steam turbine generator set.

[0044] In the present invention: a solid-liquid outlet is set below the gas-liquid interface, and the drawn solid and liquid are separated in a solid-liquid separator purchased from the reactor. Since the reactor of the present application is designed to handle more than 100 tons of materials per hour, in order to meet the working condition requirements, a large-flow, high-efficiency solid-liquid separator can be purchased, such as the LAKOS separator produced in Fresno, California, USA. The factory's filtration solutions have a history of more than 40 years, and its innovative and adaptive solutions to specific filtration problems have become a world leader. The company's global network of technically trained distributors has expanded the company's business scope and its application range is spread all over the world. The LAKOS solid-liquid separator is based on the principle of centrifugal separation and is used to separate precipitable solids in liquids. The product uses a special internal acceleration motion to generate a high-speed rotating vortex, which can effectively separate solid impurities in liquids. The high-efficiency solid-liquid separator LAKOS-JPX-JPL produced by the Fresno plant in California, USA, has a flow range of 1-2895 cubic meters of materials per hour and a working pressure of 1.03MPa. Therefore, when more than 4 groups of the solid-liquid separators are arranged for use in conjunction with the reactor of this application, a pressure reducing valve can be set at the front end of the feed port to reduce pressure so as to reduce the pressure and meet the working requirements of the solid-liquid separator; some inorganic acids coming out of the solid-liquid separator can be extracted after liquid separation, and low-temperature water and the like are drained to the material jet and enter the reactor again to participate in the reaction to achieve external circulation. Inorganic salts in the separated solids can be extracted, and harmless solid residues such as heavy metals enter the storage tank and can be used for road construction, landfill, etc. The separated carbon can be synthesized with hydrogen (power plants can be equipped with large-scale PEM water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, which can produce hydrogen or increase income) into green aviation kerosene and low-carbon gasoline and diesel urgently needed at home and abroad to meet the needs of high-quality social development.

[0045] In the present invention: the device and its continuous, effective and safe operation, coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants establish a new coal-fired power generation system and a new waste toxic soil hazardous waste disposal power plant, thereby fundamentally eliminating the emissions of carbon dioxide, dust, hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), organic pollutants, dioxins, heavy metals and other pollution and other harmful substances, thereby achieving zero carbon and zero pollution emissions and clean and safe power generation for power generation systems such as coal-fired power plants and waste power plants.

[0046] The working process of this device is as follows: 1. Using supercritical water gasification technology, the fuel materials of coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants are subjected to supercritical water gasification reaction and pyrolysis in the reactor, and harmful organic matter is decomposed into harmless inorganic salts, and a large volume of high-temperature and high-pressure gas is continuously obtained at the reactor outlet (then connected to the steam generator 1 or the integrated evaporator to provide working steam to the steam turbine and drive the motor to generate electricity); 2. With the assistance of solid-liquid separation and high-temperature gas separation outside the reactor, the carbides, sulfides, nitrides, heavy metals and smoke existing in the original combustion fuel materials and the flues of various coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants will no longer be discharged into the external environment, but will be controlled and separated and utilized, turning waste into treasure and harm into treasure; 3. It is precisely because of the application of the present invention for "a large-capacity continuously operating external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation" that all kinds of tail gas and slag existing in the original coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants are no longer discharged to the external environment through chimneys and flues, but are transformed into fully controlled utilization, thereby helping the original coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants to achieve zero carbon and zero pollution emissions to the external environment and clean and safe power generation; 4. The product of the present invention, "a large-capacity, continuous-operation, high-temperature, high-pressure external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation", which needs to meet the requirements of large capacity, continuous operation, high temperature and high pressure, will change the operation mode of traditional coal-fired power plants and waste incineration power plants, and open up an innovative and transformative path for low-carbonization, zero-carbon and zero-pollution emissions. This innovative "a large-capacity, continuous-operation, high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for high-temperature power generation" brings disruptive transformation and innovation to the power generation system, which will effectively ensure that all types of power plant systems achieve the low-carbonization and carbon neutrality goals required by the country.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for large-capacity continuous operation for power generation, comprising an equipment housing (7), characterized in that: An inner sleeve (8) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the device housing (7), a critical water jet end (14) is fixedly mounted on the top of the inner sleeve (8), a gas collecting chamber outlet (3) is opened at the top of the device housing (7), a steam generator (1) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gas collecting chamber outlet (3), and a high-temperature clean steam outlet (23) for power generation is fixedly connected to the port of the steam generator (1).

2. The high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner shell heat exchange winding (22) is fixedly connected between the equipment shell (7) and the inner sleeve (8), and a plurality of lower material backflow prevention high-pressure nozzles (5) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the inner sleeve (8), and one end of each of the lower material backflow prevention high-pressure nozzles (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment shell (7).

3. The high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A supercritical water anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle (16) is fixedly connected to the interior of one end of each lower material anti-backflow high-pressure nozzle (5), a water tank (15) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment housing (7), and a second corrugated heat exchange component (4) is fixedly installed inside the inner sleeve (8).

4. The high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the second corrugated heat exchange component (4) penetrates the side wall of the equipment shell (7) and is fixedly connected to the water tank (15), and the other end is fixedly connected to the first corrugated heat exchange component (2), and one end of the first corrugated heat exchange component (2) penetrates the inner sleeve (8) and the outer wall of the equipment shell (7) in sequence and is fixedly connected to the high-temperature clean steam outlet (23) for power generation.

5. The high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A gas-liquid interface (13) is provided inside the equipment shell (7), and the gas-liquid interface (13) is located directly above the second corrugated heat exchange component (4). The side wall of the shell (1) is fixedly connected to a solid slag storage tank (17), and a port of each of the supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzles (16) is fixedly connected to the solid slag storage tank (17).

6. A high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 5, characterized in that: A material backflow prevention high-pressure nozzle (9) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the equipment housing (7); one end of the material backflow prevention high-pressure nozzle (9) is fixedly connected to a material jet bundle pipe (11) at the bottom of the inner cylinder; one end of the material jet bundle pipe (11) at the bottom of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to a material box (10); and a material jet end (6) is fixedly connected to the port of each supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzle (16).

7. A high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the material jet end (6) is fixedly connected to the material jet clustering tube (11) at the bottom of the inner tube, a reactor base (20) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the equipment shell (7), a top of the reactor base (20) is fixedly connected to a plurality of supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzles (12) at the bottom of the inner tube, and a supercritical water clustering nozzle (21) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the equipment shell (7).

8. The high-temperature external circulation slurry bed reactor for power generation with large capacity and continuous operation according to claim 7, characterized in that: A supercritical water clustering delivery pipe (18) is fixedly connected to the port of the supercritical water clustering nozzle (21), and the supercritical water clustering delivery pipe (18) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the supercritical water backflow prevention high-pressure nozzle (12) at the bottom of the inner tube, and supercritical water (19) is installed inside the supercritical water clustering delivery pipe (18).

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