An energy supply system based on PVT heat pump

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, relating to the field of new energy. The system comprises: a photovoltaic thermal assembly connected to an air-cooled heat exchanger and a compressor, respectively; one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger connected to a first three-way valve; the first three-way valve connected to a first expansion valve and a second three-way valve, respectively; the first expansion valve connected to a third three-way valve; the third three-way valve connected to a fourth three-way valve and a second three-way valve, respectively; the fourth three-way valve connected to a heat storage pipeline and a cold storage pipeline, respectively; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline connected to a reversing valve via a seventh three-way valve; the second three-way valve connected to a second expansion valve; the second expansion valve connected to a hot water storage tank; the hot water storage tank connected to an eighth three-way valve; the eighth three-way valve connected to a compressor and a reversing valve, respectively; the compressor connected to the reversing valve; and the reversing valve connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger. The present invention can achieve power supply, cooling, heating, and hot water supply, as well as triple storage of electricity, heat, and cold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy, and in particular to an energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic and solar thermal energy are two solar energy-harvesting technologies, each with its own unique advantages and application scenarios. However, both technologies face numerous challenges. The primary issue with photovoltaics is their relatively low photovoltaic conversion efficiency, around 20%, which decreases at high temperatures. Furthermore, photovoltaic panels only generate electricity and cannot directly utilize solar heat, resulting in nearly 80% of solar radiation being wasted. The average solar energy conversion efficiency of a pure solar thermal system is around 40%, and this efficiency is significantly affected by ambient temperature and radiation intensity. Therefore, to better leverage their respective advantages, PVT systems integrate photovoltaic and solar thermal functions into a single system, utilizing solar energy for both power and heat generation. This maximizes solar resources and significantly improves energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the system uses a heat exchanger to remove excess heat generated by the photovoltaic modules, reducing their temperature and thereby increasing their photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In particular, combining PVT modules with heat pumps can fully leverage the advantages of PVT's combined heat and power generation and the efficient and stable heating supply of air-source heat pumps, offering a highly efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly solution.

[0003] Currently, there are two main categories of PVT-coupled heat pump heating systems: conventional systems using water as the heat collection medium and direct expansion systems using refrigerant as the heat collection medium. Compared to conventional systems, direct expansion PVT heat pump systems reduce energy losses in the intermediate heat exchange process. By utilizing the direct evaporation of the refrigerant on the back of the photovoltaic module to absorb heat, they significantly improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module, thereby increasing the combined thermal efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, compared to conventional water-based systems, the system design is relatively simpler due to the elimination of intermediate heat exchange equipment and piping, reducing the complexity of installation and maintenance. With fewer system components, there are also fewer points of failure, improving system reliability and operational stability.

[0004] Direct expansion PVT heat pump systems are primarily used for power generation, domestic hot water, heating, and process hot water. However, these systems face several challenges. For one thing, system efficiency conflicts with actual user needs. Specifically, the cooling and heating coefficient of performance (COP) is low when the indoor / outdoor temperature difference is large. Energy storage systems effectively decouple the indoor and outdoor environments, addressing this conflict between demand and application. Furthermore, PVT heat pumps offer limited cooling performance. While some systems offer cooling capabilities—through reverse circulation and altering the solenoid valve and expansion valve pathways—the condensation heat is transferred to the PVT modules, which are then dissipated through radiant heat to the sky and natural convection with the air—in summer, the high temperature of the PVT modules often causes the photovoltaic cells to heat up even higher, reducing their power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the system's condensation temperature and pressure, affected by solar radiation, can significantly increase, reducing system stability. Furthermore, the system lacks waste heat recovery, preventing domestic hot water from being generated during cooling, resulting in energy waste.

[0005] Although conventional direct expansion PVT heat pump systems have certain advantages in terms of energy efficiency and heating management, they still have some major problems:

[0006] 1. Sensitive to outdoor environmental conditions. The performance of a direct expansion heat pump system depends heavily on solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature. In harsh, cold weather, or in the absence of sunlight, its efficiency drops significantly, impacting system operation. Furthermore, the energy supply system's operating efficiency is inconsistent with actual user needs. In other words, when the indoor and outdoor temperature differences are large, the cooling and heating system's coefficient of performance is low, and users' energy needs conflict with their usage intentions.

[0007] 2. The PVT component area is limited and the pressure bearing capacity is poor. Currently, the most widely used technical solution for direct expansion PVT heat pumps is the "blowing plate" absorber / evaporator technology solution, that is, the blowing plate serves as the evaporator and solar absorber of the heat pump. Currently, there are three bottleneck problems with the blowing plate: the single plate area is limited and the pressure bearing capacity is low. Due to the processing technology, the maximum size of a single blowing plate is less than 2m. 2 , can only meet the needs of a single heat pump water heater. When the power is higher, it can only be met by connecting multiple plates in parallel. Due to the limitations of the expansion channel size and process, the pressure of the expansion plate is generally less than 3MPa, which is prone to tube bursting in high temperature environments in summer.

[0008] 3. Weak cooling capacity: A system with cooling capacity cannot simultaneously provide domestic hot water. Conventional trigeneration PVT heat pump systems with cooling capacity transfer condensation heat to the PVT components through the system's reverse cycle and by changing the solenoid valve and expansion valve pathways during summer cooling. This heat is then dissipated through radiation to the sky and natural convection heat transfer with the air. However, in summer, due to the high temperature of the PVT components, this heat often causes the photovoltaic cells to reach a higher temperature, reducing the components' power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the system's condensation temperature and pressure will increase significantly due to the influence of solar radiation energy, reducing system operational stability. Conventional systems are unable to generate domestic hot water during cooling, and the heat on the condensation side is dissipated as "waste heat," resulting in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, which can realize power supply, cooling, heating, hot water supply and triple storage of electricity, heat and cold.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0011] A PVT heat pump-based energy supply system, comprising: a photovoltaic thermal assembly, an air-cooled heat exchanger, a compressor, an indoor hot and cold supply terminal, a reversing valve, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a heat storage and cooling device, and a hot water storage tank; the heat storage and cooling device comprises a heat storage pipeline and a cold storage pipeline; the expansion valve comprises a first expansion valve and a second expansion valve; the three-way valve comprises a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a fifth three-way valve, a sixth three-way valve, a seventh three-way valve, and an eighth three-way valve;

[0012] The photovoltaic thermal assembly is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger and the compressor, respectively; one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the first three-way valve; the first three-way valve is connected to the first expansion valve and the second three-way valve, respectively; the first expansion valve is connected to the third three-way valve; the third three-way valve is connected to the fourth three-way valve and the second three-way valve, respectively; the fourth three-way valve is connected to the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline, respectively; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to one end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal through the fifth three-way valve; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to the other end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal through the sixth three-way valve; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to the reversing valve through the seventh three-way valve; the second three-way valve is connected to the second expansion valve; the second expansion valve is connected to the hot water storage tank; the hot water storage tank is connected to the eighth three-way valve; the eighth three-way valve is connected to the compressor and the reversing valve, respectively; the compressor is connected to the reversing valve; the reversing valve is connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger;

[0013] The photovoltaic thermal component is connected to the power grid.

[0014] Optionally, the operating modes of the energy supply system include a winter heating and hot water supply mode, a summer hot water supply mode, and a summer cooling mode; wherein the winter heating and hot water supply mode includes a simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode and a hot water supply only mode; and the summer cooling mode includes a summer cooling waste heat recovery mode and a summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode.

[0015] In the winter heating and hot water supply mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank does not reach the first set temperature, the operation mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank reaches the first set temperature, the operation mode of the energy supply system is the hot water supply only mode;

[0016] In the summer cooling mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank does not reach the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling waste heat recovery mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank reaches the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode.

[0017] Optionally, when the working mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor comes out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve and the hot water storage tank respectively. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank, it flows out of the hot water storage tank, passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant entering the reversing valve enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve, and after flowing out of the heat storage pipeline, passes through the fourth three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the first expansion pipe in sequence and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component undergoes heat exchange and then flows into the compressor through the reversing valve to continue the cycle;

[0018] The indoor cooling and heating terminal obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating.

[0019] Optionally, when the working mode of the energy supply system is the heating-only mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve, enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve, flows out of the heat storage pipeline, passes through the fourth three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the first expansion pipe in sequence, and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal assembly. After heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal assembly, it flows into the compressor through the reversing valve and continues the cycle;

[0020] The indoor cooling and heating terminal obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating.

[0021] Optionally, when the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor comes out of the compressor exhaust port and passes through the eighth three-way valve to enter the heat storage tank. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the heat storage tank, it flows out of the heat storage tank and passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve in sequence to flow into the photovoltaic thermal component. After heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal component, it flows into the compressor through the reversing valve and continues to circulate.

[0022] Optionally, when the working mode of the energy supply system is a summer cooling waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the hot water storage tank. After heat exchange in the hot water storage tank, the refrigerant flows out of the hot water storage tank, passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, and the fourth three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After flowing out of the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve and then the reversing valve and enters the compressor to continue the cycle.

[0023] The indoor cooling and heating terminals obtain cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling.

[0024] Optionally, when the working mode of the energy supply system is a summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve, and then enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the reversing valve. After heat exchange in the air-cooled heat exchanger, it flows out of the air-cooled heat exchanger, passes through the first three-way valve, the first expansion valve, and the fourth three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After flowing out of the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve and then the reversing valve and enters the compressor, and continues the cycle.

[0025] The indoor cooling and heating terminals obtain cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling.

[0026] Optionally, the structure of the hot water storage tank is an integrated condensing coil structure.

[0027] Optionally, the photovoltaic thermal assembly includes a plurality of PVT assemblies, an off-grid energy storage inverter, an energy storage battery and a power distribution cabinet;

[0028] Each of the PVT components is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger; each of the PVT components is connected to the off-grid energy storage inverter; the off-grid energy storage inverter is respectively connected to the energy storage battery and the power distribution cabinet; the power distribution cabinet is respectively connected to the power grid and the compressor.

[0029] Optionally, the PVT component is provided with glass, a first layer of EVA film, a PV cell, a second layer of EVA film, a TPT film, a thermal conductive silicone and a microchannel evaporator layer in sequence from top to bottom; wherein, the microchannel evaporator layer includes a plurality of parallel aluminum microchannel flat tubes; one end of each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes is connected to a liquid distribution pipe of the refrigerant, and the corresponding other end is connected to a liquid collecting pipe of the refrigerant; the liquid distribution pipes are respectively connected to one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the first three-way valve; the liquid collecting pipes are respectively connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the reversing valve; each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes includes a plurality of parallel microchannel rectangular flow channels; the refrigerant flows from the end where the liquid distribution pipe is located to the end where the liquid collecting pipe is located in the microchannel rectangular flow channel.

[0030] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0031] The present invention discloses an energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, which is connected to an air-cooled heat exchanger and a compressor respectively through a photovoltaic thermal component; one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected to a first three-way valve; the first three-way valve is connected to a first expansion valve and a second three-way valve respectively; the first expansion valve is connected to a third three-way valve; the third three-way valve is connected to a fourth three-way valve and a second three-way valve respectively; the fourth three-way valve is connected to a heat storage pipeline and a cold storage pipeline respectively; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to one end of an indoor hot and cold supply terminal through a fifth three-way valve; the storage The heat pipe and the cold storage pipe are connected to the other end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal through the sixth three-way valve; the heat storage pipe and the cold storage pipe are connected to the reversing valve through the seventh three-way valve; the second three-way valve is connected to the second expansion valve; the second expansion valve is connected to the hot water storage tank; the hot water storage tank is connected to the eighth three-way valve; the eighth three-way valve is connected to the compressor and the reversing valve respectively; the compressor is connected to the reversing valve; the reversing valve is connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger; the present invention can realize power supply, cooling, heating, hot water supply and triple storage of electricity, heat and cold. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cycle process of the energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump provided by the present invention in winter heating mode;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the PVT assembly provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the cycle process of the energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump provided by the present invention in the summer heating mode;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the waste heat recovery process of the energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump provided by the present invention in the summer cooling mode;

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the process of the energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump provided by the present invention not performing waste heat recovery in the summer cooling mode.

[0038] Description of the accompanying symbols:

[0039] 1: PVT component; 2: Air-cooled heat exchanger; 3: Reversing valve; 4: Compressor; 5: Thermal storage cooling device; 6: Indoor heating and cooling terminal; 7: Hot water storage tank; 8: First expansion valve; 9: Second expansion valve; 10: Off-grid energy storage inverter; 11: Energy storage battery; 12: Power distribution cabinet; 13: Low-voltage power grid; 14: First three-way valve; 15: Second three-way valve; 16: Third three-way valve; 17: Fourth three-way valve; 18: Fifth three-way valve; 19: Sixth three-way valve; 20: Seventh three-way valve; 21: Eighth three-way valve; 22: Temperature sensor; 23: Pressure sensor; 24: Solar radiation meter; 25: Control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, aiming to realize power supply, cooling, heating, hot water supply and triple storage of electricity, heat and cold.

[0042] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump in this embodiment includes: a photovoltaic thermal assembly, an air-cooled heat exchanger 2, a compressor 4, an indoor hot and cold supply terminal 6, a reversing valve 3, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a heat storage cooling device 5, and a hot water storage tank 7. The heat storage cooling device 5 includes a heat storage pipeline and a cold storage pipeline. The expansion valve includes a first expansion valve 8 and a second expansion valve 9. The three-way valve includes a first three-way valve 14, a second three-way valve 15, a third three-way valve 16, a fourth three-way valve 17, a fifth three-way valve 18, a sixth three-way valve 19, a seventh three-way valve 20, an eighth three-way valve 21, a temperature sensor 22, a pressure sensor 23, a solar radiation meter 24, and a control system 25. The control system 25 is connected to the compressor 4, the reversing valve 3, the expansion valve, the temperature sensor 22, the pressure sensor 23, and the solar radiation meter 24 respectively. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor 23 are both connected to the refrigerant flow channel of the energy supply system.

[0045] Specifically, compressor 4, serving as the power source for the component cycle, compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor entering compressor 4 into high-temperature, high-pressure steam. The condenser transfers the heat released by the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to water. The indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 serves as a condenser. This system utilizes a fan coil unit, also known as a condensing coil integrated structure. The expansion valve reduces the refrigerant pressure, allowing it to recirculate through the evaporator. The reversing valve 3 is a four-way reversing valve. The expansion valve is an electronic expansion valve.

[0046] The photovoltaic thermal assembly is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 and the compressor 4 respectively; one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 is connected to the first three-way valve 14; the first three-way valve 14 is connected to the first expansion valve 8 and the second three-way valve 15 respectively; the first expansion valve 8 is connected to the third three-way valve 16; the third three-way valve 16 is connected to the fourth three-way valve 17 and the second three-way valve 15 respectively; the fourth three-way valve 17 is connected to the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline respectively; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to one end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal 6 through the fifth three-way valve 18; the heat storage pipeline The cold storage pipeline is connected to the other end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal 6 via a sixth three-way valve 19; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to the reversing valve 3 via a seventh three-way valve 20; the second three-way valve is connected to the second expansion valve 9; the second expansion valve 9 is connected to the hot water storage tank 7; the hot water storage tank 7 is connected to the eighth three-way valve 21; the eighth three-way valve 21 is connected to the compressor 4 and the reversing valve 3 respectively; the compressor 4 is connected to the reversing valve 3; the reversing valve 3 is connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger 2; and the photovoltaic thermal assembly is connected to the power grid. The power grid is a low-voltage power grid 13.

[0047] In practical applications, this invention proposes a photovoltaic / solar thermal / air (PV / T / A) three-source photovoltaic direct-drive direct expansion heat pump energy supply system technology solution as a high-efficiency, low-cost, clean power / heating / cooling / domestic hot water supply solution. The specific objectives and technical approaches to achieve this are as follows:

[0048] PVT components with higher efficiency, lower cost and strong environmental adaptability: Direct expansion PVT components based on parallel flow microchannels solve the problem that traditional PVT heat pumps cannot operate normally under adverse working conditions and have low energy efficiency coefficients. This technical solution comprehensively utilizes solar energy and air as heat sources, and uses microchannel flat tube arrays as evaporators / collectors, which can absorb heat from solar radiation and air at the same time. Therefore, even when solar radiation is poor or at night, the system can operate in air source heat pump mode to provide heating and domestic hot water for users. At the same time, photovoltaic power generation can directly drive the compressor to operate off-grid, realizing the integration of photovoltaic storage and supply. The evaporator has a simple structure, no copper tubes, low cost, and is very flexible in size, without restrictions, and can exceed 10m 2 Or larger, avoiding the problems of liquid separation and oil return. The pressure can be as high as 5MPa, suitable for environmentally friendly refrigerant systems with higher pressure.

[0049] The system provides a quadruple supply of electricity, heating, cooling, and hot water, and features a waste heat recovery system, allowing users to cool and produce domestic hot water in the summer. The photovoltaic (PVT) heat pump system operates in two modes: heating (heating and domestic hot water) and cooling (waste heat recovery and non-waste heat recovery). In heating mode, the system's efficient microchannel PVT components ensure stable operation around the clock, even at night and under harsh operating conditions. In cooling mode, the system's waste heat recovery loop is activated, and waste heat from condensation is no longer distributed to the PVT components, but instead enters the hot water storage tank 7. When the tank's heat storage capacity reaches its upper limit, the air-cooled heat exchanger is activated to dissipate heat.

[0050] The system incorporates a triple energy storage system: electricity, cold, and heat. This allows for the exchange of energy between the indoor and outdoor environments, reducing system energy consumption and improving user comfort. The electricity storage system and the DC direct-drive heat pump compressor (4) operate in a manner that allows for the local consumption of solar photovoltaic power, minimizing energy waste. The use of cold and heat storage maximizes the performance advantages of the heat pump, shaving peak loads while reducing heat pump operation during unfavorable periods, thereby improving the system's coefficient of performance and user comfort.

[0051] The specific design solutions include:

[0052] The present invention mainly consists of five modules: a solar PVT collector / evaporator assembly (PVT assembly), a heat pump module, an energy storage (heat storage / cold storage and electricity storage) module, an electricity storage module and an indoor heating / cooling module.

[0053] 1. PVT collector / evaporator assembly. The PVT collector / evaporator assembly is a unitized system consisting of a solar photovoltaic module and a solar thermal module (microchannel flat tube array) bonded together using gluing or lamination techniques. When the PVT heat pump system operates in heating mode, the lower microchannel evaporator plate absorbs heat from the upper photovoltaic panel and the air, improving thermal efficiency while also cooling the panels. This in turn increases the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module and improves the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0054] 2. Heat pump module. The heat pump system mainly consists of a compressor 4, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. It works according to the "reverse Carnot" principle. The specific process is: the refrigerant absorbs heat after phase change in the evaporator and enters the compressor 4. The compressor 4 compresses the refrigerant to a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and then releases heat in the condenser. After the heat exchange, the refrigerant is throttled and evaporated and returns to the compressor 4 for the next cycle. In the heating cycle, the heat converted from solar heat and the heat in the air are absorbed by the evaporator and introduced into the refrigerant. The refrigerant transfers the heat to the hot water storage tank 7 or the heat storage device. In this cycle, the PVT component 1 is equivalent to the evaporator, and the hot water storage tank 7 or the heat storage device is the condenser. In the refrigeration cycle, the indoor cooling terminal exchanges heat with the cold storage device to provide cooling for the room. The cold storage device serves as the evaporator of the heat pump system. The refrigerant absorbs the heat of the cold storage device and is compressed by the compressor 4. It passes through the waste heat recovery loop and enters the hot water storage tank 7 to condense and release heat, completing summer cooling and hot water supply. When the heat in the water tank meets the heating demand and the heat storage reaches the upper limit, the waste heat recovery loop is closed, and the air-cooled heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat as the condensing device.

[0055] 3. Energy storage (heat storage / cold storage) module. The heat (cold) storage device is the core component of the system, and its internal structural design includes heat storage pipelines, heat release pipelines and heat storage medium. For the heat storage module, the heat storage pipeline is connected to the condenser of the PVT heat pump system, and the heat release pipeline is connected to the indoor energy supply terminal. By improving the pipeline distribution of the internal heat exchange medium, the heat storage pipeline and the heat release pipeline are evenly distributed in the cold (heat) storage device, while achieving simultaneous heat storage and release, the uniformity of energy storage and temperature uniformity are improved. Such improvements help to improve the overall performance of the system. Phase change materials can absorb or release a large amount of heat during the phase change process. Using efficient and applicable phase change materials as heat storage media ensures the stability of the heat storage medium temperature in the cold (heat) storage device.

[0056] 4. Energy storage module. The energy storage module is mainly composed of a battery management system, an inverter and a monitoring system. The battery management system monitors and manages the status of the battery cells, including parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, to ensure the safety and efficient operation of the battery. The off-grid energy storage inverter 10 converts the direct current (DC) in the energy storage device into alternating current (AC) to supply the heat pump system compressor 4 or other power equipment. The inverter also has a grid connection function, which can feed back excess electric energy to the grid to improve energy utilization. At the same time, the optimized and upgraded inverter can manage the charging and discharging process of the battery (energy storage battery 11), and intelligently adjust the charging and discharging status according to the power generation of the photovoltaic components and the power demand of the system to optimize energy distribution. The monitoring system monitors the operating status of the energy storage device in real time, and provides reference information and fault warning functions for system operation through data collection and analysis to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0057] 5. Indoor cooling / heating module. The present invention is equipped with a heat storage tank 7 with an integrated condenser to provide users with domestic hot water. The indoor energy supply terminal can be a fan coil, a floor heating coil, or a radiator. The indoor energy supply terminal is responsible for transferring the energy stored in the cold (heat) storage device to the room to ensure the comfort and stability of the indoor temperature. The indoor energy supply terminal adopts a one-way flow scheme with top in and bottom out in structure, forming a closed loop with the heat release pipeline in the cold (heat) storage device and ensuring that the bottom height of the indoor energy supply terminal is higher than the cold (heat) storage device. In this way, the heat release loop can operate spontaneously after sensing the temperature change by filling the refrigerant inside, thereby reducing energy consumption. The use of microchannel technology and a radiant heat dissipation system can effectively improve the heat dissipation efficiency and indoor temperature uniformity, avoiding the problems of poor heat exchange effect and blowing feeling existing in traditional radiators.

[0058] As a specific implementation method, the working modes of the energy supply system include winter heating and hot water supply mode, summer hot water supply mode and summer cooling mode; wherein, the winter heating and hot water supply mode includes a simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode and a hot water supply only mode; the summer cooling mode includes a summer cooling waste heat recovery mode and a summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode.

[0059] In the winter heating and hot water supply mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank 7 does not reach the first set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank 7 reaches the first set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the hot water supply only mode.

[0060] In the summer cooling mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank 7 does not reach the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling waste heat recovery mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank 7 reaches the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode.

[0061] As a specific implementation mode, when the working mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor 4 comes out of the exhaust port of the compressor 4, passes through the eighth three-way valve 21, and then enters the reversing valve 3 and the hot water storage tank 7 respectively. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank 7, it flows out of the hot water storage tank 7 and passes through the second expansion valve 9, the second three-way valve 15 and the first three-way valve 14 in sequence before flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant entering the reversing valve 3 enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve 3, and after flowing out of the heat storage pipeline, passes through the fourth three-way valve 17, the third three-way valve 16 and the first expansion pipe in sequence before flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component undergoes heat exchange and then flows into the compressor 4 through the reversing valve 3 to continue the cycle; the indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating. Specifically, the indoor heating and cooling terminal 6 obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline through the fifth three-way valve 18 and the sixth three-way valve 19 to provide indoor heating.

[0062] As a specific embodiment, when the energy supply system operates in heating-only mode, the refrigerant in the compressor 4 exits the compressor 4 exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve 21, and then enters the reversing valve 3. It then enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve 3. After flowing out of the heat storage pipeline, it passes through the fourth three-way valve 17, the third three-way valve 16, and the first expansion tube in sequence before flowing into the photovoltaic thermal assembly. After undergoing heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal assembly, it flows through the reversing valve 3 into the compressor 4, continuing the cycle. The indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating. Specifically, the indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline through the fifth three-way valve 18 and the sixth three-way valve 19 to provide indoor heating.

[0063] As a specific implementation method, when the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor 4 comes out from the exhaust port of the compressor 4 and passes through the eighth three-way valve 21 to enter the hot water storage tank 7. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank 7, it flows out of the hot water storage tank 7 and passes through the second expansion valve 9, the second three-way valve 15 and the first three-way valve 14 in sequence before flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component. After heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal component, it flows into the compressor 4 through the reversing valve 3 and continues to circulate.

[0064] As a specific embodiment, when the energy supply system operates in the summer cooling waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor 4 exits the compressor 4 exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve 21, and enters the hot water storage tank 7. After heat exchange in the hot water storage tank 7, the refrigerant flows out of the hot water storage tank 7, passes through the second expansion valve 9, the second three-way valve 15, the third three-way valve 16, and the fourth three-way valve 17, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After exiting the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve 20 and the reversing valve 3 and enters the compressor 4, continuing the cycle. The indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 obtains cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling. Specifically, the indoor cooling and heating terminal 6 obtains cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline through the fifth three-way valve 18 and the sixth three-way valve 19 to provide indoor cooling.

[0065] As a specific embodiment, when the operating mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor 4 exits the exhaust port of the compressor 4, passes through the eighth three-way valve 21, and then enters the reversing valve 3. Then, it enters the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 through the reversing valve 3. After heat exchange in the air-cooled heat exchanger 2, it flows out of the air-cooled heat exchanger 2, passes through the first three-way valve 14, the first expansion valve 8, and the fourth three-way valve 17 in sequence, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After exiting the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve 20 and then the reversing valve 3 to enter the compressor 4, continuing the cycle. The indoor cold and hot supply terminal 6 obtains cold energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling. Specifically, the indoor cold and hot supply terminal 6 obtains cold energy from the cold storage pipeline through the fifth three-way valve 18 and the sixth three-way valve 19 to provide indoor cooling.

[0066] In actual applications, the PVT heat pump energy supply system mainly includes winter heating, summer heating, summer cooling and waste heat recovery, and power supply modes. The choice of various operating modes depends on the user's demand for energy types. The working principles of each working mode are explained below.

[0067] (1) Winter heating mode: When running winter heating and hot water supply mode, such as Figure 1As shown, the first expansion valve 8 and the second expansion valve 9 are in operation. The refrigerant flow process is as follows: After exiting the exhaust port of the compressor 4, the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor is diverted by the eighth three-way valve 21 into two paths: one path directly enters the condenser in the heat storage tank 7, and the other path passes through the four-way reversing valve to enter the heat storage device for heat storage. Simultaneously, the indoor heating terminal unit exchanges heat with the heat storage device's heat release loop to heat the room. After heat exchange, the first three-way valve regulates the flow rate to maintain equal pressure in the two refrigerant paths, ensuring that the refrigerant in the two loops can be properly throttled and merged through the first expansion valve 8 and the second expansion valve 9. After entering the PVT assembly 1 to absorb heat, it returns to the intake port of the compressor 4, where it is compressed and discharged again from the exhaust port. When the heat storage tank 7 reaches the set temperature, the three-way flow control valve closes the water tank circuit, and the second expansion valve 9 closes. The heat storage device and the indoor heating terminal circuit continue to circulate normally according to the above process. This process is the refrigerant circulation process in winter heating mode.

[0068] (2) Summer heating mode: When running the summer hot water supply mode, such as Figure 3 As shown, first expansion valve 8 is closed and second expansion valve 9 is activated. The refrigerant flow process is as follows: After exiting the exhaust port of compressor 4, high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor passes through eighth three-way valve 21, diverting it to open only the valve in the circulation line to hot water storage tank 7. It then enters the condenser in hot water storage tank 7. After heat exchange, it is throttled by second expansion valve 9, enters the PVT module to absorb heat, and then returns to the intake port of compressor 4. It is compressed by compressor 4 and discharged through the exhaust port. This process represents the refrigerant circulation process in summer heating mode.

[0069] (3) Summer cooling mode: When running summer cooling and waste heat recovery mode, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the second expansion valve 9 is in operation. The refrigerant flow process is as follows: After exiting the exhaust port of the compressor 4, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is diverted and controlled by the eighth three-way valve 21 into the condenser of the hot water storage tank 7. The air-cooled heat exchanger loop valve is closed. After the heat exchange is completed, the refrigerant is throttled by the second expansion valve 9, enters the cold storage device to absorb heat, and then returns to the intake port of the compressor 4. After being compressed by the compressor 4 and discharged from the exhaust port, the indoor cooling terminal obtains cooling energy from the cold storage device to provide indoor cooling. When the hot water storage tank 7 reaches the set temperature, the three-way flow control valve (the eighth three-way valve 21) closes the valve on the water tank circuit side, opens the valve on the air-cooled heat exchanger loop side (the four-way reversing valve side), closes the second expansion valve 9, and opens the first expansion valve 8. At this time, waste heat recovery is no longer performed, and the flow process of the refrigerant is as follows: after the refrigerant vapor comes out of the exhaust port of the compressor 4, it is diverted and controlled by the eighth three-way valve 21 and passes through the four-way reversing valve to enter the air-cooled heat exchanger for condensation and heat release, and then throttled by the first expansion valve 8, enters the cold storage device to absorb heat, and then returns to the intake port of the compressor 4. It is compressed by the compressor 4 and discharged from the exhaust port again. These two processes are the circulation processes of the refrigerant in the summer cooling mode with waste heat recovery and the mode without waste heat recovery, respectively.

[0070] (4) Power supply mode: When the system operates in power supply mode, the photovoltaic thermal module first converts solar radiation energy into direct current (DC), and the off-grid inverter then converts the DC into alternating current (AC) and stores it in the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery supplies power to the compressor and other indoor electrical equipment; when the energy storage battery is full, the excess power generated by the photovoltaic thermal module is sent to the grid through the off-grid inverter.

[0071] As a specific implementation method, the photovoltaic thermal assembly includes multiple PVT assemblies 1, an off-grid energy storage inverter 10, an energy storage battery 11 and a distribution cabinet 12; each of the PVT assemblies 1 is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger 2; each of the PVT assemblies 1 is connected to the off-grid energy storage inverter 10; the off-grid energy storage inverter 10 is respectively connected to the energy storage battery 11 and the distribution cabinet 12; the distribution cabinet 12 is respectively connected to the power grid and the compressor 4.

[0072] Specifically, the PVT component 1 is provided with glass, a first layer of EVA film, a PV cell, a second layer of EVA film, a TPT film, a thermal conductive silicone and a microchannel evaporator layer in sequence from top to bottom; wherein, the microchannel evaporator layer includes a plurality of parallel aluminum microchannel flat tubes; one end of each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes is connected to a liquid distribution pipe of the refrigerant, and the corresponding other end is connected to a liquid collecting pipe of the refrigerant; the liquid distribution pipes are respectively connected to one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 and the first three-way valve 14; the liquid collecting pipes are respectively connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 and the reversing valve 3; each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes includes a plurality of parallel microchannel rectangular flow channels; the refrigerant flows from the end where the liquid distribution pipe is located to the end where the liquid collecting pipe is located in the microchannel rectangular flow channel.

[0073] In practical applications, Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the PVT component, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PVT module 1 comprises an outer frame, glass, PV cells, EVA film, TPT film, and a microchannel evaporator near the bottom. The EVA and TPT films bond the various components of the PVT module 1 together. The EVA film protects the solar cells, improves light absorption and structural strength, and extends the battery's lifespan. The photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation incident on the panel surface into electricity and heat, which is then transferred to the underlying microchannel heat exchanger through thermal conductivity. The white TPT film enhances the module's water resistance, provides a good seal and protection for the module's back, and improves its insulation performance. The microchannel evaporator layer consists of multiple parallel aluminum microchannel flat tubes, securely bonded to the TPT layer with highly thermally conductive silicone. The ends of the flat tubes are connected to the refrigerant distribution and collection pipes. Each flat tube has multiple microchannel rectangular flow channels, each measuring 1 mm x 1 mm in cross-section. The refrigerant circulates through these channels, absorbing waste heat generated by the photovoltaic cells and heat from the air, and then transfers this heat to the heat storage device through a heat pump cycle.

[0074] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0075] 1) Improve energy utilization efficiency and realize multifunctional integration of heating, cooling, power supply and hot water supply: Existing PVT heat pump systems mainly focus on a single function, such as power generation or heating, and lack multifunctional integration and intelligent control. The present invention proposes an integrated solar photovoltaic / solar thermal comprehensive utilization and an air source heat pump system to realize the quadruple supply of power supply, heating, cooling and hot water supply, and construct a photovoltaic / solar thermal / air three-source energy supply mode with solar energy as the main source and air as the auxiliary source. Photovoltaic power generation directly drives the heat pump system compressor or supplies indoor electrical equipment. The PV / T component serves as the evaporator / collector of the heat pump system. The combination of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device simultaneously realizes the system's summer cooling and hot water needs, and energy is maximized.

[0076] 2) Optimizing PVT component structure to improve system energy efficiency: The direct expansion PV / T heat pump system based on parallel flow microchannels solves the problem of traditional PVT heat pumps failing to operate properly under adverse conditions and experiencing low energy efficiency coefficients. It achieves high efficiency in the combined utilization of solar and air energy. The self-generation and self-consumption of photovoltaic power enables the system to operate off-grid, reducing pressure on the grid and enabling local consumption of electricity.

[0077] 3) The system features triple storage for cold, heat, and electricity, achieving energy balance and optimizing energy utilization. System efficiency is affected by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. Large temperature differences significantly reduce system efficiency, leading to increased energy consumption to meet heat exchange requirements. Under extreme high and low temperature conditions, system efficiency is further reduced, potentially even preventing the system from operating normally. The use of energy storage devices decouples the indoor and outdoor environments from time and space, enabling the system to meet heat exchange requirements while reducing energy consumption.

[0078] 4) Typical trigeneration systems usually use electric heating to provide domestic hot water in the non-heating season, which consumes a lot of energy. This system recovers the waste heat from condensation to provide domestic hot water, achieving significant energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects.

[0079] The present invention relates to a new energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, which can realize power supply, cooling, heating, hot water supply, and triple storage of electricity, heat and cold, and realize comprehensive energy utilization by cooperating with a waste heat recovery system. A photovoltaic / solar thermal / air three-source energy supply mode is constructed with the sun as the main source and air as the auxiliary source. Photovoltaic power generation directly drives the compressor of the heat pump system or supplies indoor electrical equipment. The PV / T component serves as the evaporator / collector of the heat pump system to realize solar energy and air energy heating and hot water supply. The combination of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device simultaneously realizes the summer cooling and hot water needs of the system, and energy is maximized. In addition, the present invention adopts a parallel flow microchannel collector / evaporator and a solar photovoltaic component through bonding technology to form a PVT component as a whole. This innovative structure improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, and the environmental adaptability of the component is enhanced, providing a low-cost solution combining solar energy with heat pump technology.

[0080] 3) Intelligent control system: It integrates sensors and controllers to realize real-time monitoring of system operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow. The temperature and pressure sensors send the real-time operation data of the system to the controller. The controller determines the current operating status of the system based on this data and controls the compressor, reversing valve, expansion valve and other components to adjust the flow direction of the refrigerant and the working status of the components. The system can automatically adjust the heating or cooling mode according to the external environment and user needs, thereby improving energy utilization and user comfort.

[0081] The present invention can provide power, cooling, heating, and hot water, as well as triple storage of electricity, heat, and cold, while also collocating with a waste heat recovery system to achieve comprehensive energy utilization. By integrating independently developed microchannel PVT components and heat pump technology, coupling energy storage devices, and adopting innovative operation and control strategies, a PVT heat pump energy supply system that efficiently utilizes solar energy, is stable, and has low cost, solves practical application problems of existing direct expansion PVT heat pump energy supply systems, such as low energy utilization, poor environmental adaptability, weak cooling capacity in summer, and inability to recover waste heat for domestic hot water production. It can meet the diverse energy needs of users and has broad application prospects.

[0082] The present invention adopts innovative operation control strategies including the following three control strategies:

[0083] 1. A multi-source collaborative control strategy integrating solar energy and air sources: In heating mode, when solar energy is insufficient or unstable, the system automatically switches to air source mode. In collaborative mode, the system dynamically adjusts the utilization ratio of the two heat sources based on the current ambient temperature and solar heat collection temperature, achieving efficient heat source utilization. In cooling mode, the system uses an air-cooled radiator to dissipate heat to the air, avoiding the problem of traditional solar heat pump systems dissipating heat to photovoltaic thermal modules, which affects the normal operation of the system.

[0084] 2. Expansion Valve and Compressor Operating Frequency Control Strategy: The refrigerant evaporation temperature is automatically adjusted by controlling the expansion valve opening and compressor speed. If the PV thermal module temperature is high, the system will increase the expansion valve opening to maintain a high evaporation temperature and refrigerant flow rate, thereby improving the system's coefficient of performance. The system can adjust the compressor operating frequency through the control system based on real-time heat demand and solar radiation intensity. During the day, when solar radiation is strong and the PV thermal module temperature is high, the compressor operates at a lower frequency to achieve the same heating effect. However, at night or on cloudy days, the compressor frequency can be increased to enhance heating capacity.

[0085] 3. Heat and Energy Storage Control Strategy: The heat storage mode prioritizes solar energy. When sufficient solar energy is available, the system prioritizes using solar energy to charge the thermal storage device. Once the thermal storage device is full, the heat pump stops operating. The system intelligently dispatches heat from the thermal storage device based on user demand for hot water or heating. When demand is low, the system reduces heat pump operation and stores excess heat. When demand is high, the system prioritizes the use of stored energy, reducing the operating load of the PVT heat pump.

[0086] The innovative control strategy of the present invention enables the PVT heat pump energy supply system to have significant advantages over the traditional air source heat pump energy supply system in terms of utilizing solar energy, improving energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and meeting users' comprehensive energy needs.

[0087] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0088] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy supply system based on a PVT heat pump, characterized in that: The energy supply system includes: a photovoltaic thermal component, an air-cooled heat exchanger, a compressor, an indoor hot and cold supply terminal, a reversing valve, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a heat storage and cooling device, and a hot water storage tank; the heat storage and cooling device includes a heat storage pipeline and a cold storage pipeline; the expansion valve includes a first expansion valve and a second expansion valve; the three-way valve includes a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a fifth three-way valve, a sixth three-way valve, a seventh three-way valve, and an eighth three-way valve; The photovoltaic thermal assembly is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger and the compressor, respectively; one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the first three-way valve; the first three-way valve is connected to the first expansion valve and the second three-way valve, respectively; the first expansion valve is connected to the third three-way valve; the third three-way valve is connected to the fourth three-way valve and the second three-way valve, respectively; the fourth three-way valve is connected to the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline, respectively; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to one end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal through the fifth three-way valve; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to the other end of the indoor hot and cold supply terminal through the sixth three-way valve; the heat storage pipeline and the cold storage pipeline are connected to the reversing valve through the seventh three-way valve; the second three-way valve is connected to the second expansion valve; the second expansion valve is connected to the hot water storage tank; the hot water storage tank is connected to the eighth three-way valve; the eighth three-way valve is connected to the compressor and the reversing valve, respectively; the compressor is connected to the reversing valve; the reversing valve is connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger; The energy supply system of the PVT heat pump is connected to the power grid.

2. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working modes of the energy supply system include a winter heating and hot water supply mode, a summer hot water supply mode, and a summer cooling mode; wherein the winter heating and hot water supply mode includes a simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode and a hot water supply only mode; the summer cooling mode includes a summer cooling waste heat recovery mode and a summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode; In the winter heating and hot water supply mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank does not reach the first set temperature, the operation mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank reaches the first set temperature, the operation mode of the energy supply system is the hot water supply only mode; In the summer cooling mode, when the temperature of the hot water storage tank does not reach the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling waste heat recovery mode; when the temperature of the hot water storage tank reaches the second set temperature, the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode.

3. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working mode of the energy supply system is the simultaneous heating and hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor comes out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve and the hot water storage tank respectively. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank, it flows out of the hot water storage tank, passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant entering the reversing valve enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve, and after flowing out of the heat storage pipeline, passes through the fourth three-way valve, the third three-way valve and the first expansion pipe in sequence and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal component; the refrigerant flowing into the photovoltaic thermal component undergoes heat exchange and then flows into the compressor through the reversing valve to continue the cycle; The indoor cooling and heating terminal obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating.

4. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working mode of the energy supply system is the heating-only mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve, enters the heat storage pipeline through the reversing valve, flows out of the heat storage pipeline, passes through the fourth three-way valve, the third three-way valve, and the first expansion pipe in sequence, and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal assembly. After heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal assembly, it flows into the compressor through the reversing valve and continues the cycle; The indoor cooling and heating terminal obtains heat from the heat storage pipeline to provide indoor heating.

5. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer hot water supply mode, the refrigerant in the compressor comes out of the compressor exhaust port and passes through the eighth three-way valve and then enters the hot water storage tank. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank, it flows out of the hot water storage tank and passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve in sequence and then flows into the photovoltaic thermal component. After heat exchange in the photovoltaic thermal component, it flows into the compressor through the reversing valve and continues the cycle.

6. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the hot water storage tank. After the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange in the hot water storage tank, it flows out of the hot water storage tank, passes through the second expansion valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, and the fourth three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After coming out of the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve and then the reversing valve and enters the compressor to continue the cycle. The indoor cooling and heating terminals obtain cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling.

7. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the working mode of the energy supply system is the summer cooling non-waste heat recovery mode, the refrigerant in the compressor flows out of the compressor exhaust port, passes through the eighth three-way valve, and then enters the reversing valve, and then enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the reversing valve. After heat exchange in the air-cooled heat exchanger, it flows out of the air-cooled heat exchanger, passes through the first three-way valve, the first expansion valve, and the fourth three-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the cold storage pipeline. After coming out of the cold storage pipeline, it passes through the seventh three-way valve and then the reversing valve and enters the compressor, and continues the cycle. The indoor cooling and heating terminals obtain cooling energy from the cold storage pipeline to provide indoor cooling.

8. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the hot water storage tank is a condensing coil type integrated structure.

9. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic thermal assembly includes multiple PVT components, an off-grid energy storage inverter, an energy storage battery and a power distribution cabinet; Each of the PVT components is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger; each of the PVT components is connected to the off-grid energy storage inverter; the off-grid energy storage inverter is respectively connected to the energy storage battery and the power distribution cabinet; the power distribution cabinet is respectively connected to the power grid and the compressor.

10. The energy supply system based on the PVT heat pump according to claim 9, characterized in that: The PVT component is provided with glass, a first layer of EVA film, a PV cell, a second layer of EVA film, a TPT film, a thermal conductive silicone and a microchannel evaporator layer in sequence from top to bottom; wherein, the microchannel evaporator layer includes a plurality of parallel aluminum microchannel flat tubes; one end of each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes is connected to a liquid distribution pipe of the refrigerant, and the corresponding other end is connected to a liquid collecting pipe of the refrigerant; the liquid distribution pipes are respectively connected to one end of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the first three-way valve; the liquid collecting pipes are respectively connected to the other end of the air-cooled heat exchanger and the reversing valve; each of the aluminum microchannel flat tubes includes a plurality of parallel microchannel rectangular flow channels; the refrigerant flows from the end where the liquid distribution pipe is located to the end where the liquid collecting pipe is located in the microchannel rectangular flow channel.

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