Washing loss experimental equipment and method for soil analysis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil analysis, and discloses a washing loss experiment device and method for soil analysis, and the device comprises a base, a rotation driving motor, a clamping mechanism, a uniform stirring mechanism and a filtrate monitoring mechanism; a rotary driving motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the base; a clamping mechanism is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotary driving motor; an experiment bottle is fixedly arranged on the clamping mechanism in a clamping manner; a bottle cap is detachably and fixedly arranged at the upper end of the experiment bottle; a uniform stirring mechanism is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; a four-way valve is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; a high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank and a water tank are fixedly arranged above one side of the base; a receiving box is arranged above the base; a filtrate monitoring mechanism and a PLC control module are fixedly arranged on the base. Hydrochloric acid solutions with different concentrations and clear water are used for leaching in stages; the operation of clamping, uniform stirring and solution pouring is automatically carried out, errors caused by manual operation are reduced, and the timeliness and accuracy of experimental data are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil analysis, and more specifically, to a soil analysis washing loss experimental device and method. Background Art

[0002] Soil analysis is a qualitative and quantitative determination of the composition or physical and chemical properties of soil. It is the basic work for soil formation and development, fertility evolution, soil resource evaluation, soil improvement and rational fertilization research, and is also an important means of environmental quality evaluation in environmental science. During the experiment, the carbonate-containing sample needs to be decalcified with hydrochloric acid. The method is: add 10mL0.2mol / L hydrochloric acid solution to the tall beaker containing the sample, stir with a glass rod, let it stand for a while, let the soil particles settle in the funnel, put a known mass of fast filter paper, and pour the upper clear liquid in the beaker into the funnel for filtration. Add 10mL0.2mol / L hydrochloric acid solution to the beaker, stir, stand, and decant the upper clear liquid as described above, and repeat this process many times until no carbon dioxide bubbles occur in the soil sample. Then rinse the above-treated sample with 0.05mol / L hydrochloric acid solution onto the filter paper, filter and rinse, and repeat this process many times until there is no calcium ion in the filtrate. Rinse with water for 3-5 times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate, and then test the sample.

[0003] The document with the prior art publication number CN117367926B provides a soil analysis washing loss test equipment, including a bracket assembly, a leaching cylinder is provided on the bracket assembly, a plurality of openings are opened on the leaching cylinder, and a barrel mouth is provided at one end of the leaching cylinder, a barrel mouth sealing plug is provided at the barrel mouth, and a threaded column is provided at one end of the barrel mouth sealing plug, a first limit seat is screwed on the threaded column, a first pipe is provided inside the leaching cylinder, and a liquid outlet nozzle is symmetrically provided on the first pipe, and a second pipe is provided at one end of the leaching cylinder away from the barrel mouth. This technical solution is provided with a bracket assembly with a leaching cylinder, and the leaching cylinder can be rotated during operation. By adjusting the leaching cylinder, the purpose of changing the filtering position of the filter paper can be achieved. When the efficiency of a certain filtering position decreases, this technical solution can quickly change the filtering position of the filter paper, effectively ensuring the filtering efficiency.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned prior art solutions can achieve relevant beneficial effects through the structure of the prior art, they still have the following defects: during the experiment, the staff needs to stir and pour the solution many times, which is fast and laborious, and wastes manpower and material resources. Long-term exposure to hydrochloric acid can cause many harms to the body, including skin and mucous membrane damage, respiratory irritation and damage, digestive system damage, etc. Long-term exposure to hydrochloric acid may reduce the body's immunity and make the body more susceptible to other diseases.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a washing loss experimental equipment and method for soil analysis. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical problems to be solved.

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a soil analysis washing loss test equipment and method, which solves the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, and improves the accuracy of soil analysis data by using hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations and clean water for elution in stages; using automated equipment such as drive motors, clamping mechanisms, and stirring mechanisms to reduce errors caused by manual operations and improve the stability and repeatability of the experimental process. At the same time, automated operations also speed up the experimental process and improve work efficiency; during the elution process, the solenoid valve is used to collect solution samples for testing, and the staff is reminded to conduct testing in real time, ensuring the technical effect of the timeliness and accuracy of the experimental data.

[0008] 2. Technical solution.

[0009] The technical solution of the present application provides a washing loss experimental equipment for soil analysis, including: a base, a rotating drive motor, a clamping mechanism, an experimental bottle, a bottle cap, a stirring mechanism, a four-way valve, a high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, a water tank, a receiving box, a filter screen and a filtrate monitoring mechanism.

[0010] A rotation driving motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the base.

[0011] A clamping mechanism is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotary drive motor.

[0012] The clamping mechanism is detachably fixed with an experimental bottle; the clamping mechanism can stably clamp the experimental bottle and rotate it between a horizontal position and a vertical position to control the pouring process of the filtrate. The experimental bottle is used to contain soil samples and solutions.

[0013] A bottle cap is detachably fixedly arranged on the upper end of the experimental bottle.

[0014] A stirring mechanism is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; and a four-way valve is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap.

[0015] A high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank and a water tank are fixedly arranged above one side of the base.

[0016] The lower ends of the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank and the water tank are connected to the four-way valve through a hose; and each hose is provided with a solenoid valve and a flow meter.

[0017] A receiving box is placed above the base; a filter net is fixedly arranged in the receiving box; and filter paper is placed above the filter net.

[0018] A filtrate monitoring mechanism and a PLC control module are fixedly arranged on the base, and the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring conditions of the filtrate in the experimental bottle.

[0019] The PLC control module is network-connected with the filtrate monitoring mechanism, the rotation drive motor, the stirring mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The PLC control module is a programmable control module.

[0020] Through the above technical scheme, the soil sample is evenly placed at the bottom of the experimental bottle; the bottle cap is fixed to the upper end of the experimental bottle, and the experimental bottle is clamped by the clamping mechanism, and the experimental bottle is in a vertical state; first, the high-concentration hydrochloric acid in the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank is added to the experimental bottle, and is stirred evenly by the stirring mechanism. After standing for a period of time, the rotation drive motor is started to drive the clamping mechanism and the experimental bottle to rotate, so that the filtrate in the experimental bottle is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter net; then the driving motor is rotated to drive the experimental bottle to rotate to a vertical state; the concentrated hydrochloric acid flushing operation is repeated many times; then the low-concentration hydrochloric acid in the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank is added to the experimental bottle for flushing, and it is repeated many times; then the water in the water tank is added to the experimental bottle for water washing.

[0021] As an optional solution of the present invention, the clamping mechanism includes a fixing plate, an arc-shaped clamping plate, an electric push rod, a push plate and a connecting plate.

[0022] The fixing plate is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotation driving motor.

[0023] Two arc-shaped clamping plates are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fixing plate.

[0024] An electric push rod is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and a push plate is fixedly arranged on the movable rod of the electric push rod; two connecting plates are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the push plate, and the connecting plates are rotatably hinged with the arc-shaped clamping plates on the corresponding sides.

[0025] A rubber pad is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped clamping plate; a pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the rubber pad.

[0026] Through the above technical solution, the electric push rod is started to drive the push plate to move, and the push plate drives the two arc-shaped clamping plates to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through two connecting plates, thereby realizing the operation of clamping, fixing or loosening the experimental bottle.

[0027] As an optional solution of the present invention, an upper drainage pipe and a lower drainage pipe are fixedly provided on the experimental bottle; the upper drainage pipe and the lower drainage pipe are connected to the experimental bottle.

[0028] An upper liquid discharge valve is arranged on the upper liquid discharge pipe; and a lower liquid discharge valve is arranged on the lower liquid discharge pipe.

[0029] An arc-shaped mesh plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the experimental bottle, and the arc-shaped mesh plate is located at the lower drainage pipe; an arc-shaped filter plate is inserted inside the arc-shaped mesh plate to prevent the soil sample from flowing out.

[0030] Furthermore, the upper drain pipe and the lower drain pipe are both connected to two hoses through a tee, one hose is used to collect filtrate samples, and the other hose is used to discharge the filtrate, and solenoid valves are provided on the hoses.

[0031] A high-definition camera and LED light are fixed on the bottle cap.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, the combination of the arc mesh plate and the arc filter plate provides a multi-level filtering effect. The appropriate arc filter plates can be selected according to the experimental requirements to achieve the filtering level. The filtrate can be discharged through the upper drain pipe during the hydrochloric acid washing stage; the filtrate can be discharged through the lower drain pipe during the water washing stage.

[0033] As an optional solution of the present invention, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor, an electric telescopic rod, an electric turntable, a sleeve and a glass rod.

[0034] A stirring motor is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; an electric telescopic rod is fixedly arranged on the output end of the stirring motor, and an electric turntable is fixedly arranged on the movable rod of the electric telescopic rod; a sleeve is fixedly arranged on the output end of the electric turntable; a glass rod is detachably inserted in the sleeve.

[0035] A locking knob is arranged on the sleeve, and a rubber buffer pad is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the locking knob; the glass rod is locked and fixed by the locking knob.

[0036] As an optional solution of the present invention, the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring of the filtrate in the experimental bottle, including.

[0037] Data collection module: collect a large number of images of soil samples and solution stirring states in the experimental bottle, including soil images, images of evenly stirred solutions and images of uneven stirring, including images of the experimental bottle 4 in vertical and different tilt angles; collect images with carbon dioxide bubbles generated; annotate the images as reference samples.

[0038] Image acquisition module: includes a high-definition camera and an LED light; collects high-definition images of the inside of the experimental bottle; the high-definition camera is used to capture high-definition images of the inside of the experimental bottle, while the LED light provides sufficient and uniform lighting conditions to ensure image quality.

[0039] Image preprocessing module: preprocess the collected images, including filtering, denoising, normalization and image enhancement.

[0040] Feature extraction module: extracts features from preprocessed images. The extracted features include color, texture, shape, etc.

[0041] Stirring identification module: compares and analyzes the image after feature extraction with the reference sample to identify whether the solution is stirred evenly; determine whether carbon dioxide bubbles are generated.

[0042] Flipping speed control module: accurately controls the flipping speed of the experimental bottle according to the amount of soil sample and solution in the experimental bottle, and controls the speed of solution pouring.

[0043] Dumping monitoring module: compares and analyzes the feature-extracted image with the reference sample to identify the effect of solution dumping.

[0044] Voice prompt module: includes a voice prompt alarm. When it detects that the solution is being dumped, it will issue a voice prompt to remind the staff to take samples and test the filtrate in time.

[0045] As an optional solution of the present invention, the stirring identification module monitors the stirring effect, including the following steps.

[0046] Data preparation: Obtain annotated image datasets from the data collection module, including images of uniform stirring, images of uneven stirring, and images with carbon dioxide bubbles. Divide the dataset into training set, validation set, and test set for model training and evaluation.

[0047] Feature extraction: Use the image preprocessing module to preprocess the training set images, including denoising, normalization, and enhancement. Apply feature extraction algorithms (such as convolutional layers and pooling layers in convolutional neural networks (CNNs)) to extract key features from the preprocessed images.

[0048] Model training: Select a suitable machine learning or deep learning model (such as support vector machine SVM, random forest RF, convolutional neural network CNN, etc.), and train it according to the extracted features and annotated labels. During the training process, use the validation set to evaluate the model and adjust the hyperparameters to optimize the model performance. Use the test set to evaluate the trained model and calculate performance indicators such as accuracy, recall, and F1 score. Tune the model according to the evaluation results until satisfactory performance is achieved.

[0049] Real-time recognition: During the experiment, the image in the experimental bottle is collected in real time, and features are extracted through the feature extraction module. The extracted features are input into the trained model to identify the stirring uniformity and carbon dioxide bubbles.

[0050] Output recognition results: and adjust mixing parameters or issue warnings as needed.

[0051] As an optional solution of the present invention, the turning speed control module accurately controls the turning speed of the experimental bottle, including the following steps.

[0052] Parameter setting: According to the experimental requirements, set the basic parameters of the flipping speed, such as maximum speed, minimum speed, acceleration, etc. Set the detection threshold of the soil sample and solution amount to adjust the flipping speed according to the amount.

[0053] Quantity detection: Use sensors (such as weight sensors, liquid level sensors, etc.) to detect the amount of soil samples and solutions in the experimental bottle in real time. Compare the detected amount with the set threshold to determine the initial value of the flipping speed.

[0054] Speed ​​control: According to the detected quantity and the initial speed value, the motor speed is dynamically adjusted through the control algorithm (such as PID control algorithm). During the flipping process, the state of the experimental bottle (such as tilt angle, speed stability, etc.) is continuously monitored and fine-tuned as needed.

[0055] The PID control algorithm formula is:

[0056] Adjusted Speed=InitialSpeed+u(t).

[0057] u(t)=K p e(t)+K i ∫e(t)dt+[K d de(t)] / d t .

[0058] Where: u(t) is the control input, i.e. the control signal of the motor, used to adjust the motor speed. e(t) is the error, the difference between the current speed and the target speed. K p K is the proportional gain, the proportional term coefficient in the PID controller. i K is the integral gain, the integral term coefficient in the PID controller. d is the differential gain, the differential term coefficient in the PID controller. [K d de(t)] / d t is the rate of change of the error, that is, how fast the error changes over time. Adjusted Speed ​​is the adjusted flip speed, based on the initial speed and the output of the PID controller.

[0059] Feedback adjustment: Receive feedback information from other modules (such as stirring recognition module, dumping monitoring module), such as uneven stirring or too fast dumping, etc. Further adjust the flipping speed according to the feedback information to ensure the stability and accuracy of the experimental process.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, the flipping speed control module can dynamically adjust the flipping speed of the experimental bottle according to real-time monitoring data and feedback information to ensure the stability and accuracy of the experimental process.

[0061] As an optional solution of the present invention, the dumping monitoring module monitors the dumping of the filtrate, including the following steps.

[0062] Image recognition: Preprocess and extract features of the collected images. The extracted features include color, texture, and shape.

[0063] Image analysis: The preprocessed images were analyzed using the trained image recognition model to identify the boundaries of the filtrate and soil samples.

[0064] Evaluation of pouring effect: Based on the identification results, the pouring effect of the filtrate is evaluated to determine whether the upper clear liquid is effectively poured out while avoiding the pouring of soil samples. Some evaluation indicators can be set, such as the purity of the clear liquid, the residual amount of soil samples, etc.

[0065] Clear liquid purity assessment: Calculate clear liquid purity, considering the weight of each pixel and the probability of belonging to clear liquid.

[0066] .

[0067] Where P purity is the purity of the clear liquid, indicating the proportion of pure components in the clear liquid. i is the weight of the ith pixel, usually proportional to the area or volume of the pixel in the image. region (x i ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to the clear liquid region. i is an index variable used to iterate over the pixels or features in the image. N Indicates the total number of all pixels in an image or the total number of pixels involved in some calculation. When calculating the purity assessment of the clear solution, N Represents the total number of all pixels in the image, or the total number of pixels that are considered to belong to the clear liquid area.

[0068] Soil Sample Residue Assessment: Calculate the soil sample residue, considering each pixel’s weight and probability of belonging to soil or liquid.

[0069] .

[0070] In the formula, R residue is the residual volume of soil sample, indicating the proportion of soil sample remaining after dumping. i is the weight of the ith pixel, usually proportional to the area or volume of the pixel in the image. soil (x i ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to soil. liquid (x i ) is the pixel x i Probability of being a liquid.i is an index variable used to iterate over the pixels or features in the image. M Indicates the total number of pixels or objects participating in a particular calculation. For example, when calculating the residue assessment of a soil sample, M Represents the total number of pixels in the image that are identified as soil.

[0071] Feedback control: If the evaluation results show that the dumping effect is not ideal (such as the purity of the clear liquid is not high enough, too much soil sample residue, etc.), a feedback signal is sent to the flip speed control module. The flip speed control module adjusts the flip speed and dumping angle according to the feedback signal and dynamically adjusts the parameters.

[0072] Adjustment factors were calculated to balance the effects of supernatant purity and soil sample residue.

[0073] .

[0074] Where λ and γ are weight parameters used to adjust the influence of clear liquid purity and soil residue in the control algorithm. threshold is the target threshold value of the purity of the supernatant. threshold is the target threshold of soil residue. AdjustmentFactor is the adjustment factor used to calculate the adjustment of the turning speed and angle.

[0075] The control instructions are calculated based on the current speed and the optimal speed, and the flipping speed and angle are adjusted to optimize the dumping effect.

[0076] Recording and reporting: Record key parameters and evaluation results during the pouring process, such as pouring time, speed, purity of the clear liquid, etc. Generate an experimental report for subsequent analysis and reference.

[0077] The invention provides a washing loss experimental method for soil analysis, which comprises the following steps.

[0078] S1. Add high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.2mol / L) into the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; add low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.05mol / L) into the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; add clean water into the water tank; the lower drain valve on the lower drain pipe is in the closed state; the upper drain valve on the upper drain pipe is in the open state.

[0079] S2. Place a certain amount of soil sample that has been dried, ground, sieved, etc. evenly at the bottom of the experimental bottle; fix the bottle cap to the upper end of the experimental bottle, and place the stirring mechanism in the experimental bottle.

[0080] S3. Clamp the test bottle by means of a clamping mechanism, and initially the test bottle is in a vertical state.

[0081] S4. Add a certain amount of high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank into the experimental bottle, stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism, and after standing for a period of time, start the rotation drive motor to drive the clamping mechanism and the experimental bottle to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle gradually pours onto the filter paper above the filter net; then rotate the drive motor to drive the experimental bottle to a vertical state; at the same time, the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors whether there are carbon dioxide bubbles in the soil sample.

[0082] S5. Repeat the high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution elution operation in step S4 for multiple times until no carbon dioxide bubbles appear in the soil sample.

[0083] S6. Add a certain amount of low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank into the experimental bottle; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism, let it stand for a period of time, start the rotating drive motor, drive the clamping mechanism and the experimental bottle to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter net; then rotate the drive motor to drive the experimental bottle to a vertical state; each time the upper clear liquid is poured, a certain amount of solution is collected for testing by opening the solenoid valve on the upper discharge pipe; at the same time, remind the staff to promptly test whether there are calcium ions in the filtrate.

[0084] S7, repeat the low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution elution operation in step S6 for multiple times; until no calcium ions are present in the filtrate.

[0085] S8. Pour a certain amount of clean water from the water tank into the experimental bottle to rinse the soil sample; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism; open the lower drain valve to drain the water; collect a certain amount of solution for testing by opening the solenoid valve on the lower drain pipe; and remind the staff to promptly test whether there are chloride ions in the filtrate.

[0086] S9. Repeat step S8 multiple times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate.

[0087] S10. Testing soil samples.

[0088] 3. Beneficial effects.

[0089] One or more technical solutions provided in the technical solution of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages.

[0090] 1. The present invention can improve the accuracy of analysis: by using hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations (high concentration and low concentration) and clean water for elution in stages, the dissolution process of soil under natural conditions can be more accurately simulated, thereby more accurately determining the elution loss of each element in the soil and improving the accuracy of soil analysis data.

[0091] 2. The present invention has a high degree of automation: the use of automated equipment such as a driving motor, a clamping mechanism, and a stirring mechanism reduces the error caused by manual operation and improves the stability and repeatability of the experimental process. At the same time, automated operation also speeds up the experimental process and improves work efficiency.

[0092] 3. The present invention can provide real-time detection and feedback: During the elution process, the solenoid valve collects solution samples for detection, and reminds the staff to perform the detection in real time, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the experimental data. This instant feedback mechanism helps to timely discover and correct deviations in the experiment and improve the reliability of the experimental results.

[0093] 4. The present invention reduces the waste of chemical reagents and environmental pollution by accurately controlling the amount of hydrochloric acid solution and the elution process. At the same time, the automated operation also reduces the risk of direct contact with harmful chemicals by the experimenters, thus ensuring the safety of the operation.

[0094] 5. The present invention has strong adaptability: it is suitable for analyzing various types of soil samples, and can flexibly respond to the analysis requirements of different soil characteristics by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution and the number of elutions.

[0095] 6. The present invention optimizes the experimental process of soil analysis through standardized experimental steps and automated operating procedures, reduces the interference of human factors, and improves the stability and reliability of experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0096] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a soil loss test device disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0097] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of a soil analysis loss-of-washing experimental device disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0098] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an experimental bottle of a washing loss experimental device for soil analysis disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0099] Figure 4 The present invention discloses a stirring mechanism for a soil analysis loss-of-washing experimental device according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0100] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a filtrate monitoring mechanism of a soil loss experiment device for soil analysis disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0101] 1. Base; 2. Rotating drive motor; 3. Clamping mechanism; 4. Experimental bottle; 5. Bottle cap; 6. Stirring mechanism; 7. Four-way valve; 8. High-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; 9. Low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; 10. Water tank; 11. Receiving box; 12. Filter screen; 31. Fixing plate; 32. Arc-shaped clamping plate; 33. Electric push rod; 34. Push plate; 35. Connecting plate; 36. Rubber pad; 37. Pressure sensor; 41. Arc-shaped mesh plate; 42. Arc-shaped filter plate; 43. Upper drain pipe; 44. Lower drain pipe; 45. Upper drain valve; 46. Lower drain valve; 51. High-definition camera; 52. LED light; 61. Stirring motor; 62. Electric telescopic rod; 63. Electric turntable; 64. Sleeve; 65. Glass rod; 66. Locking knob. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0102] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0103] Reference Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a soil analysis washing loss experimental equipment, including: a base 1, a rotating drive motor 2, a clamping mechanism 3, an experimental bottle 4, a bottle cap 5, a stirring mechanism 6, a four-way valve 7, a high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8, a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9, a water tank 10, a receiving box 11, a filter screen 12 and a filtrate monitoring mechanism.

[0104] A rotation driving motor 2 is fixedly arranged on one side of the base 1 .

[0105] A clamping mechanism 3 is fixedly disposed at the output end of the rotary drive motor 2 .

[0106] The clamping mechanism 3 is detachably fixed with an experimental bottle 4; the clamping mechanism 3 can stably clamp the experimental bottle 4 and rotate it between a horizontal position and a vertical position to control the pouring process of the filtrate. The experimental bottle 4 is used to contain soil samples and solutions.

[0107] A bottle cap 5 is detachably fixedly provided on the upper end of the experimental bottle 4 .

[0108] A stirring mechanism 6 is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap 5 ; a four-way valve 7 is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap 5 .

[0109] A high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8 , a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9 and a water tank 10 are fixedly arranged above one side of the base 1 .

[0110] The lower ends of the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8, the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9 and the water tank 10 are connected to the four-way valve 7 through a hose; each hose is provided with a solenoid valve and a flow meter.

[0111] A receiving box 11 is placed above the base 1 ; a filter screen 12 is fixedly arranged in the receiving box 11 ; and filter paper is placed above the filter screen 12 .

[0112] A filtrate monitoring mechanism and a PLC control module are fixedly arranged on the base 1 , and the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring of the filtrate in the experimental bottle 4 .

[0113] The PLC control module is network-connected with the filtrate monitoring mechanism, the rotation drive motor 2, the stirring mechanism 6 and the clamping mechanism 3. The PLC control module is a programmable control module.

[0114] In this technical solution, the soil sample is evenly placed at the bottom of the experimental bottle 4; the bottle cap 5 is fixed to the upper end of the experimental bottle 4, and the stirring mechanism 6 is in the experimental bottle 4; the experimental bottle 4 is clamped by the clamping mechanism 3, and the experimental bottle 4 is in a vertical state; first, the high-concentration hydrochloric acid in the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8 (the concentration of hydrochloric acid is selected according to the experimental needs) is added to the experimental bottle 4, and stirred by the stirring mechanism 6. After standing for a period of time, the rotation drive motor 2 is started to drive the clamping mechanism 3 and the experimental bottle 4 to rotate, so that the filtrate in the experimental bottle 4 is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter screen 12; then the rotation drive motor 2 drives the experimental bottle 4 to rotate to a vertical state; the concentrated hydrochloric acid flushing operation is repeated multiple times; then the low-concentration hydrochloric acid in the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9 (the concentration of hydrochloric acid is selected according to the experimental needs) is added to the experimental bottle 4 for flushing, and repeated multiple times; then the water in the water tank 10 is added to the experimental bottle 4 for water washing.

[0115] Reference Figure 2 The clamping mechanism 3 includes a fixing plate 31 , an arc-shaped clamping plate 32 , an electric push rod 33 , a push plate 34 and a connecting plate 35 .

[0116] The fixing plate 31 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotation driving motor 2. Two arc-shaped clamping plates 32 are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fixing plate 31.

[0117] An electric push rod 33 is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate 31, and a push plate 34 is fixedly arranged on the movable rod of the electric push rod 33; two connecting plates 35 are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the push plate 34, and the connecting plates 35 are rotatably hinged with the arc-shaped clamping plates 32 on the corresponding sides.

[0118] A rubber pad 36 is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the arc-shaped clamping plate 32 ; a pressure sensor 37 is fixedly disposed on the rubber pad 36 .

[0119] In this technical solution, the electric push rod 33 is started to drive the push plate 34 to move, and the push plate 34 drives the two arc-shaped clamping plates 32 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through the two connecting plates 35, so as to achieve the operation of clamping, fixing or loosening the experimental bottle 4.

[0120] Reference Figure 3 An upper drain pipe 43 and a lower drain pipe 44 are fixedly provided on the experimental bottle 4 ; the upper drain pipe 43 and the lower drain pipe 44 are connected to the experimental bottle 4 .

[0121] An upper liquid discharge valve 45 is provided on the upper liquid discharge pipe 43 , and a lower liquid discharge valve 46 is provided on the lower liquid discharge pipe 44 .

[0122] An arc-shaped mesh plate 41 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the experimental bottle 4 , and the arc-shaped mesh plate 41 is located at the lower drainage pipe 44 ; an arc-shaped filter plate 42 is inserted inside the arc-shaped mesh plate 41 .

[0123] Furthermore, the upper drain pipe 43 and the lower drain pipe 44 are both connected to two hoses through a tee, one hose is used to collect filtrate samples, and the other hose is used to discharge the filtrate, and solenoid valves are provided on the hoses.

[0124] A high-definition camera 51 and an LED light 52 are fixedly mounted on the bottle cap 5 .

[0125] In this technical solution, the combination of the arc-shaped mesh plate 41 and the arc-shaped filter plate 42 provides a multi-level filtering effect, and different arc-shaped filter plates 42 can be selected according to the experimental requirements to achieve the filtering level. During the hydrochloric acid washing stage, the filtrate can be discharged through the upper drain pipe 43; during the water washing stage, the filtrate can be discharged through the lower drain pipe 44.

[0126] Reference Figure 4 The stirring mechanism 6 includes a stirring motor 61, an electric telescopic rod 62, an electric turntable 63, a sleeve 64 and a glass rod 65.

[0127] A stirring motor 61 is fixedly provided on the bottle cap 5; an electric telescopic rod 62 is fixedly provided at the output end of the stirring motor 61, and an electric turntable 63 is fixedly provided on the movable rod of the electric telescopic rod 62; a sleeve 64 is fixedly provided at the output end of the electric turntable 63; a glass rod 65 is detachably inserted in the sleeve 64.

[0128] The sleeve 64 is provided with a locking knob 66 ​​, and a rubber buffer pad is fixedly provided on the inner side of the locking knob 66 ​​; the glass rod 65 is locked and fixed by the locking knob 66 ​​.

[0129] In this technical solution, the stirring motor 61 serves as the power source of the entire stirring mechanism and is responsible for providing the rotational power required for stirring. The electric telescopic rod 62 is used to adjust the depth of the glass rod in the container so as to better stir liquids of different volumes or depths. The electric turntable 63 is installed on the movable rod of the electric telescopic rod, and drives the sleeve and the glass rod to stir by rotation. The sleeve 64 is fixed to the output end of the electric turntable, and the glass rod is detachably inserted inside to support and fix the glass rod. The glass rod 65 generates eddy currents in the liquid by rotation to achieve the purpose of uniform mixing. The locking knob 66 ​​is installed on the sleeve to fix the glass rod to prevent it from loosening or falling off during the stirring process. The rubber buffer pad on the inside of the locking knob can increase the friction and improve the locking effect.

[0130] Reference Figure 5 The filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring of the filtrate in the experimental bottle 4, including.

[0131] Data collection module: collect a large number of images of soil samples and solution stirring states in the experimental bottle 4, including soil images, images of evenly stirred solutions and images of unevenly stirred solutions, including images of the experimental bottle 4 in vertical and different tilt angles; collect images with carbon dioxide bubbles generated; annotate the images as reference samples.

[0132] Image acquisition module: includes a high-definition camera 51 and an LED light 52; collects high-definition images of the inside of the experimental bottle 4; the high-definition camera 51 is used to capture high-definition images of the inside of the experimental bottle 4, and the LED light 52 provides sufficient and uniform lighting conditions to ensure image quality.

[0133] Image preprocessing module: preprocess the collected images, including filtering, denoising, normalization and image enhancement.

[0134] Feature extraction module: extracts features from preprocessed images. The extracted features include color, texture, shape, etc.

[0135] Stirring identification module: compares and analyzes the image after feature extraction with the reference sample to identify whether the solution is stirred evenly; determine whether carbon dioxide bubbles are generated.

[0136] Flipping speed control module: accurately controls the flipping speed of the experimental bottle 4 according to the amount of soil sample and solution in the experimental bottle 4, and controls the speed of pouring the solution.

[0137] Dumping monitoring module: Compare and analyze the feature-extracted image with the reference sample to identify the effect of solution dumping (pour out the upper clear liquid to avoid soil samples being poured out).

[0138] Voice prompt module: including voice prompt alarm, when monitoring the situation of solution dumping, voice prompt is issued to remind the staff to sample and test the filtrate in time. Once the dumping monitoring module detects the specific situation such as the filtrate starts to dump or the dumping is completed, it will send a trigger signal to the prompt module. After receiving the trigger signal, the voice prompt alarm is immediately activated, and the preset voice prompt information is played through the built-in speech synthesis system or the pre-stored voice file. These messages can be simple "filtrate starts to dump, please pay attention to monitoring", "filtrate dumping is completed, please sample in time", etc., to remind the staff to pay attention to the current operation and take corresponding measures. In the soil analysis washing loss experiment, the prompt module can remind the staff to pay attention to the dumping of the filtrate in real time. When the filtrate starts to dump, the voice prompt alarm will immediately play the corresponding prompt information, guiding the staff to prepare the sampling tools in time and pay attention to the quality of the filtrate. When the dumping is completed, the staff is reminded to sample and monitor again through voice prompts. This not only improves the convenience and efficiency of the experimental operation, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results. It also includes sending prompt information to the staff by SMS.

[0139] Furthermore, the stirring recognition module monitors the stirring effect, including the following steps.

[0140] Data preparation: Obtain annotated image datasets from the data collection module, including images of uniform stirring, images of uneven stirring, and images with carbon dioxide bubbles. Divide the dataset into training set, validation set, and test set for model training and evaluation.

[0141] Feature extraction: Use the image preprocessing module to preprocess the training set images, including denoising, normalization, and enhancement. Apply feature extraction algorithms (such as convolutional layers and pooling layers in convolutional neural networks (CNNs)) to extract key features from the preprocessed images.

[0142] Model training: Select a suitable machine learning or deep learning model (such as support vector machine SVM, random forest RF, convolutional neural network CNN, etc.), and train it according to the extracted features and annotated labels. During the training process, use the validation set to evaluate the model and adjust the hyperparameters to optimize the model performance. Use the test set to evaluate the trained model and calculate performance indicators such as accuracy, recall, and F1 score. Tune the model according to the evaluation results until satisfactory performance is achieved.

[0143] Real-time recognition: During the experiment, the image in the experimental bottle 4 is collected in real time, and features are extracted through the feature extraction module. The extracted features are input into the trained model to identify the stirring uniformity and carbon dioxide bubbles.

[0144] Output recognition results: and adjust mixing parameters or issue warnings as needed.

[0145] Furthermore, the turning speed control module accurately controls the turning speed of the experimental bottle 4, including the following steps.

[0146] Parameter setting: According to the experimental requirements, set the basic parameters of the flipping speed, such as maximum speed, minimum speed, acceleration, etc. Set the detection threshold of the soil sample and solution amount to adjust the flipping speed according to the amount.

[0147] Quantity detection: Use a sensor (such as a weight sensor, a liquid level sensor, etc.) to detect the amount of the soil sample and the solution in the experimental bottle 4 in real time. Compare the detected amount with the set threshold value to determine the initial value of the flipping speed.

[0148] Speed ​​control: According to the detected quantity and the initial speed value, the speed of the motor is dynamically adjusted through a control algorithm (such as a PID control algorithm). During the flipping process, the state of the experimental bottle 4 (such as the tilt angle, speed stability, etc.) is continuously monitored and fine-tuned as needed.

[0149] The PID control algorithm formula is:

[0150] Adjusted Speed=InitialSpeed+u(t).

[0151] u(t)=K p e(t)+K i ∫e(t)dt+[K d de(t)] / d t .

[0152] Where: u(t) is the control input, i.e. the control signal of the motor, used to adjust the motor speed. e(t) is the error, the difference between the current speed and the target speed. K p K is the proportional gain, the proportional term coefficient in the PID controller. i K is the integral gain, the integral term coefficient in the PID controller. d is the differential gain, the differential term coefficient in the PID controller. [K d de(t)] / d t is the rate of change of the error, that is, how fast the error changes over time. Adjusted Speed ​​is the adjusted flip speed, based on the initial speed and the output of the PID controller.

[0153] Feedback adjustment: Receive feedback information from other modules (such as stirring recognition module, dumping monitoring module), such as uneven stirring or too fast dumping, etc. Further adjust the flipping speed according to the feedback information to ensure the stability and accuracy of the experimental process.

[0154] In this technical solution, the flipping speed control module can dynamically adjust the flipping speed of the experimental bottle according to real-time monitoring data and feedback information to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the experimental process.

[0155] Furthermore, the dumping monitoring module monitors the dumping of the filtrate, including the following steps.

[0156] Image recognition: Preprocess and extract features of the collected images. The extracted features include color, texture, and shape.

[0157] Image analysis: The preprocessed images were analyzed using the trained image recognition model to identify the boundaries of the filtrate and soil samples.

[0158] Evaluation of pouring effect: Based on the identification results, the pouring effect of the filtrate is evaluated to determine whether the upper clear liquid is effectively poured out while avoiding the pouring of soil samples. Some evaluation indicators can be set, such as the purity of the clear liquid, the residual amount of soil samples, etc.

[0159] Clear liquid purity assessment: Calculate clear liquid purity, considering the weight of each pixel and the probability of belonging to clear liquid.

[0160] .

[0161] Where P purity is the purity of the clear liquid, indicating the proportion of pure components in the clear liquid. i is the weight of the ith pixel, usually proportional to the area or volume of the pixel in the image. region (x i ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to the clear liquid region. i is an index variable used to iterate over the pixels or features in the image. N Indicates the total number of all pixels in an image or the total number of pixels involved in some calculation. When calculating the purity assessment of the clear solution, N Represents the total number of all pixels in the image, or the total number of pixels that are considered to belong to the clear liquid area.

[0162] Soil Sample Residue Assessment: Calculate the soil sample residue, considering each pixel’s weight and probability of belonging to soil or liquid.

[0163] .

[0164] In the formula, R residue is the residual volume of soil sample, indicating the proportion of soil sample remaining after dumping. i is the weight of the ith pixel, usually proportional to the area or volume of the pixel in the image. soil (xi ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to soil. liquid (x i ) is the pixel x i Probability of being a liquid. i is an index variable used to iterate over the pixels or features in the image. M Indicates the total number of pixels or objects participating in a particular calculation. For example, when calculating the residue assessment of a soil sample, M Represents the total number of pixels in the image that are identified as soil.

[0165] Feedback control: If the evaluation results show that the dumping effect is not ideal (such as the purity of the clear liquid is not high enough, too much soil sample residue, etc.), a feedback signal is sent to the flip speed control module. The flip speed control module adjusts the flip speed and dumping angle according to the feedback signal and dynamically adjusts the parameters.

[0166] Adjustment factors were calculated to balance the effects of supernatant purity and soil sample residue.

[0167] .

[0168] Where λ and γ are weight parameters used to adjust the influence of clear liquid purity and soil residue in the control algorithm. threshold is the target threshold value of the purity of the supernatant. threshold is the target threshold of soil residue. AdjustmentFactor is the adjustment factor used to calculate the adjustment of the turning speed and angle.

[0169] The control instructions are calculated based on the current speed and the optimal speed, and the flipping speed and angle are adjusted to optimize the dumping effect.

[0170] ControlCommand=CurrentSpeed+AdjustmentFactor×(OptimalSpeed−CurrentSpeed).

[0171] AdjustedSpeed=ControlCommand×(1+SpeedFactor).

[0172] AdjustedAngle=CurrentAngle+AngleFactor.

[0173] Where, CurrentSpeed ​​is the current flip speed. OptimalSpeed ​​is the optimal flip speed calculated based on the current conditions. ControlCommand is the control command used to adjust the flip speed. SpeedFactor is the speed adjustment factor used to fine-tune the flip speed. CurrentAngle is the current flip angle. AngleFactor is the angle adjustment factor used to fine-tune the flip angle. AdjustedSpeed ​​is the adjusted flip speed. AdjustedAngle is the adjusted angle.

[0174] Recording and reporting: Record key parameters and evaluation results during the pouring process, such as pouring time, speed, purity of the clear liquid, etc. Generate an experimental report for subsequent analysis and reference.

[0175] The invention provides a washing loss experimental method for soil analysis, which comprises the following steps.

[0176] S1. Add high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.2 mol / L) into the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8; add low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.05 mol / L) into the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9; add clean water into the water tank 10; the lower drain valve 46 on the lower drain pipe 44 is in a closed state; the upper drain valve 45 on the upper drain pipe 43 is in an open state.

[0177] S2. Place a certain amount of soil sample that has been dried, ground, sieved, etc. evenly at the bottom of the experimental bottle 4; fix the bottle cap 5 to the upper end of the experimental bottle 4, and the stirring mechanism 6 is in the experimental bottle 4.

[0178] S3, clamping the test bottle 4 by the clamping mechanism 3, and the test bottle 4 is in a vertical state in the initial state.

[0179] S4. Add a certain amount of high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8 into the experimental bottle 4, stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism 6, and after standing for a period of time, start the rotating drive motor 2 to drive the clamping mechanism 3 and the experimental bottle 4 to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle 4 gradually pours onto the filter paper above the filter screen 12; then rotate the drive motor 2 to drive the experimental bottle 4 to rotate to a vertical state; at the same time, the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors whether there are carbon dioxide bubbles in the soil sample.

[0180] S5. Repeat the high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution elution operation in step S4 for multiple times until no carbon dioxide bubbles appear in the soil sample.

[0181] S6. Add a certain amount of low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9 into the experimental bottle 4; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism 6, and after standing for a period of time, start the rotating drive motor 2 to drive the clamping mechanism 3 and the experimental bottle 4 to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle 4 is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter screen 12; then the rotating drive motor 2 drives the experimental bottle 4 to rotate to a vertical state; each time the upper clear liquid is poured, a certain amount of solution is collected for detection by opening the solenoid valve on the upper discharge pipe 43; at the same time, remind the staff to promptly detect whether there are calcium ions in the filtrate; the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring of the filtrate in the experimental bottle.

[0182] S7, repeat the low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution elution operation in step S6 for multiple times; until no calcium ions are present in the filtrate.

[0183] S8. Pour a certain amount of clean water in the water tank 10 into the experimental bottle 4 to rinse the soil sample; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism 6; open the lower drain valve 46 to drain the water; collect a certain amount of solution for testing by opening the solenoid valve on the lower drain pipe 44; and remind the staff to promptly test whether there are chloride ions in the filtrate.

[0184] S9. Repeat step S8 multiple times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate.

[0185] S10. Testing soil samples.

[0186] The working principle of the soil analysis washing loss test equipment of the present invention is as follows: first, add a high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.2 mol / L) into a high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8; add a low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution (0.05 mol / L) into a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9; add clean water into a water tank 10; the lower drain valve 46 on the lower drain pipe 44 is in a closed state; the upper drain valve 45 on the upper drain pipe 43 is in an open state; a certain amount of soil sample that has been processed by drying, grinding and sieving is evenly placed at the bottom of the experimental bottle 4; the bottle cap 5 is fixed To the upper end of the experimental bottle 4, the stirring mechanism 6 is in the experimental bottle 4; the experimental bottle 4 is clamped and fixed by the clamping mechanism 3, and the experimental bottle 4 is initially in a vertical state; a certain amount of high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 8 is added to the experimental bottle 4, and the stirring mechanism 6 is used to stir it. After standing for a period of time, the rotation drive motor 2 is started to drive the clamping mechanism 3 and the experimental bottle 4 to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle 4 is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter screen 12; then the driving motor 2 is rotated to drive the experimental bottle 4 to rotate to a vertical state; repeat the high concentration hydrochloric acid solution several times. The concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is rinsed until no carbon dioxide bubbles are generated in the soil sample; a certain amount of low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution in the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank 9 is added to the experimental bottle 4; the stirring mechanism 6 is used to stir evenly, and after standing for a period of time, the rotating drive motor 2 is started to drive the clamping mechanism 3 and the experimental bottle 4 to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle 4 is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter screen 12; then the rotating drive motor 2 drives the experimental bottle 4 to rotate to a vertical state; each time the upper clear liquid is poured, a certain amount of solution is collected by opening the electromagnetic valve on the upper discharge pipe 43 Conduct detection; remind the staff to conduct detection in time; repeat the low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution elution operation for many times; until there is no calcium ion in the filtrate; then inject a certain amount of clean water in the water tank 10 into the experimental bottle 4 to rinse the soil sample; stir it by the stirring mechanism 6; open the lower drain valve 46 to drain the water; collect a certain amount of solution for detection by opening the electromagnetic valve on the lower drain pipe 44; remind the staff to conduct detection in time; repeat the clean water rinsing operation for many times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate; then test the soil sample.

[0187] The present invention can improve the accuracy of analysis: by using hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations (high concentration and low concentration) and clean water for elution in stages, the dissolution process of soil under natural conditions can be more accurately simulated, so as to more accurately determine the elution loss of each element in the soil and improve the accuracy of soil analysis data. By using automated equipment such as a drive motor, a clamping mechanism, and a stirring mechanism, the error caused by manual operation is reduced, and the stability and repeatability of the experimental process are improved. At the same time, the automated operation also speeds up the experimental process and improves work efficiency. During the elution process, the solution sample is collected through the solenoid valve for detection, and the staff is reminded to perform the detection in real time, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the experimental data. This instant feedback mechanism helps to timely discover and correct the deviation in the experiment and improve the reliability of the experimental results. Through standardized experimental steps and automated operation procedures, the method optimizes the experimental process of soil analysis, reduces the interference of human factors, and improves the stability and reliability of the experimental results.

[0188] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil analysis method for loss of washing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Add high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution into the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; add low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution into the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank; add clean water into the water tank; S2. Place a certain amount of soil sample evenly at the bottom of the experimental bottle; fix the bottle cap to the upper end of the experimental bottle, and place the stirring mechanism in the experimental bottle; S3, clamping the experimental bottle by a clamping mechanism, and initially making the experimental bottle in a vertical state; S4, adding a certain amount of highly concentrated hydrochloric acid solution into the experimental bottle, stirring it evenly through the stirring mechanism, and the stirring recognition module monitors the stirring effect; after standing for a period of time, the rotation drive motor is started to drive the clamping mechanism and the experimental bottle to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle gradually pours onto the filter paper above the filter net; then the rotation drive motor drives the experimental bottle to rotate to a vertical state; the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors whether there are carbon dioxide bubbles in the soil sample; S5, repeating step S4 multiple times until no carbon dioxide bubbles occur in the soil sample; S6. Add a certain amount of low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution into the experimental bottle; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism, and after standing for a period of time, start the rotating drive motor to drive the clamping mechanism and the experimental bottle to rotate, so that the upper clear liquid in the experimental bottle is gradually poured onto the filter paper above the filter net; then rotate the drive motor to drive the experimental bottle to a vertical state; when pouring the upper clear liquid, open the solenoid valve on the upper discharge pipe to collect a certain amount of solution for testing; at the same time, remind the staff to promptly test whether there are calcium ions in the filtrate; S7, repeating step S6 multiple times until no calcium ions are present in the filtrate; S8. Pour a certain amount of clean water into the experimental bottle to rinse the soil sample; stir it evenly through the stirring mechanism; open the lower drain valve to drain the water; collect a certain amount of solution for testing by opening the solenoid valve on the lower drain pipe; and remind the staff to promptly test whether there are chloride ions in the filtrate; S9, repeat step S8 multiple times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate; S10. Testing soil samples.

2. The soil analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 includes the following steps: S41, the data collection module collects a large number of images of the soil sample and the solution stirring state in the experimental bottle, including soil images, images of the solution being stirred evenly and images of the solution being stirred unevenly, including images of the experimental bottle being in a vertical position and at different tilt angles; collects images of carbon dioxide bubbles being generated; and annotates the images as reference samples; S42, the image acquisition module acquires high-definition images of the interior of the experimental bottle; S43, the image preprocessing module preprocesses the collected image, including filtering, denoising, normalization and image enhancement; S44, a feature extraction module extracts features from the preprocessed image, where the extracted features include color, texture, and shape; S45, the stirring recognition module compares and analyzes the image after feature extraction with the reference sample to identify whether the solution is stirred evenly; and determines whether carbon dioxide bubbles are generated; S46, the turning speed control module accurately controls the turning speed of the experimental bottle according to the amount of soil sample and solution in the experimental bottle, and controls the speed of pouring the solution; S47, the dumping monitoring module compares and analyzes the image after feature extraction with the reference sample to identify the effect of solution dumping; S48. When the dumping of solution is detected, the voice prompt module issues a voice prompt to remind the staff to take samples and test the filtrate in time.

3. The soil analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S45 includes the following steps: S451, data preparation: obtaining a labeled image dataset from a data collection module, including images of uniform stirring, images of uneven stirring, and images with carbon dioxide bubbles; dividing the dataset into a training set, a validation set, and a test set; S452, Feature Extraction: Preprocess the training set images, including denoising, normalization and enhancement; apply feature extraction algorithms to extract key features from the preprocessed images, including color, texture and shape; S453, model training: select support vector machine (SVM) machine learning, and train it according to the extracted features and annotated labels; use the validation set to evaluate the model and adjust the hyperparameters to optimize the model performance; use the test set to evaluate the trained model; and tune the model according to the evaluation results; S454, real-time recognition: during the experiment, the image in the experimental bottle is collected in real time, and features are extracted through the feature extraction module; the extracted features are input into the trained model to identify the stirring uniformity and carbon dioxide bubbles; S455: Output the recognition result, and adjust the stirring parameters or issue a warning as needed.

4. The soil analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S46 includes the following steps: S461, parameter setting: according to the experimental requirements, set the basic parameters of the flipping speed, set the detection thresholds of the soil sample and the solution amount, so as to adjust the flipping speed according to the amount; S462, quantity detection: using a sensor to detect the quantity of the soil sample and the solution in the experimental bottle in real time; comparing the detected quantity with a set threshold value to determine an initial value of the flipping speed; S463, speed control: according to the detected amount and the initial speed value, the speed of the motor is dynamically adjusted through the PID control algorithm. During the flipping process, the state of the experimental bottle is continuously monitored and fine-tuned as needed; S464, feedback adjustment: receive feedback information from other modules, and further adjust the flipping speed according to the feedback information to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the experimental process.

5. The soil analysis loss-of-wash test method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S63, the PID control algorithm formula is: Adjusted Speed=Initial Speed+u(t); u(t)=K p e(t)+K i ∫e(t)dt+[K d de(t)] / d t ; Where: u(t) is the control input, i.e. the control signal of the motor, which is used to adjust the motor speed; e(t) is the error, which is the difference between the current speed and the target speed; K p is the proportional gain, the proportional term coefficient in the PID controller; K i is the integral gain, the integral term coefficient in the PID controller; K d is the differential gain, the differential term coefficient in the PID controller; [K d de(t)] / d t is the rate of change of error; Adjusted Speed ​​is the adjusted flip speed, based on the initial speed and the output of the PID controller.

6. The soil analysis loss-of-wash test method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S47 includes the following steps: S471, image recognition: preprocessing and feature extraction of the collected images, the extracted features include color, texture and shape; S472, image analysis: using the trained image recognition model to analyze the preprocessed image and identify the boundary between the filtrate and the soil sample; S473, dumping effect evaluation: evaluate the dumping effect of the filtrate according to the identification result, determine whether the upper clear liquid is effectively poured out, and avoid the soil sample from being poured out; S474, clear liquid purity assessment: calculating the purity of the clear liquid, taking into account the weight of each pixel and the probability of belonging to the clear liquid; S475, soil sample residue assessment: calculate the soil sample residue, considering the weight of each pixel and the probability of belonging to soil or liquid; S476, feedback control: If the evaluation result shows that the dumping effect is not ideal, a feedback signal is sent to the flip speed control module; the flip speed control module adjusts the flip speed and the dumping angle according to the feedback signal, and dynamically adjusts the parameters: S477, Records and Reports: Record key parameters and evaluation results during the pouring process, including pouring time, speed and purity of the clear liquid; generate an experimental report.

7. The soil analysis loss-of-wash test method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S474, the purity of the clear liquid is evaluated according to the following formula: ； Where P purity is the purity of the clear liquid, indicating the proportion of pure components in the clear liquid; w i is the weight of the i-th pixel; p region (x i ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to the clear liquid area; i is an index variable; N Represents the total number of pixels in the image.

8. The soil analysis loss-of-wash test method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S475, the soil sample residue is evaluated according to the following formula: ； In the formula, R residue is the residual amount of soil sample, indicating the proportion of soil sample remaining after dumping; w i is the weight of the i-th pixel; r soil (x i ) is the pixel x i The probability of belonging to soil; r liquid (x i ) is the pixel x i Probability of being a liquid; i is an index variable used to traverse the pixels or features in the image; M Indicates the total number of pixels or objects involved in a particular calculation; M Represents the total number of pixels in the image that are identified as soil.

9. The soil analysis loss-of-wash test method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S476, the adjustment factor is calculated according to the following formula to balance the influence of the purity of the clear liquid and the residual amount of the soil sample: ； Where λ and γ are weight parameters used to adjust the influence of clear liquid purity and soil residue in the control algorithm; P threshold is the target threshold value of the purity of the supernatant; R threshold is the target threshold of soil residue; Adjustment Factor is the adjustment factor used to calculate the adjustment of flipping speed and angle.

10. The soil analysis loss-of-elution experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a fixed plate, an arc-shaped clamping plate, an electric push rod, a push plate and a connecting plate; The fixed plate is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotating drive motor; two arc-shaped clamping plates are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fixed plate; An electric push rod is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and a push plate is fixedly arranged on the movable rod of the electric push rod; two connecting plates are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the push plate, and the connecting plates are rotatably hinged with the arc-shaped clamping plates on the corresponding sides; a rubber pad is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped clamping plate; and a pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the rubber pad.

11. The soil analysis loss-of-elution experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper drain pipe and a lower drain pipe are fixedly arranged on the experimental bottle; the upper drain pipe and the lower drain pipe are connected to the experimental bottle; An upper liquid discharge valve is arranged on the upper liquid discharge pipe; a lower liquid discharge valve is arranged on the lower liquid discharge pipe; An arc-shaped mesh plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the experimental bottle, and the arc-shaped mesh plate is located at the lower liquid discharge pipe; an arc-shaped filter plate is inserted inside the arc-shaped mesh plate.

12. The soil analysis loss-of-elution experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism comprises a stirring motor, an electric telescopic rod, an electric turntable, a sleeve and a glass rod; A stirring motor is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; an electric telescopic rod is fixedly arranged on the output end of the stirring motor, and an electric turntable is fixedly arranged on the movable rod of the electric telescopic rod; a sleeve is fixedly arranged on the output end of the electric turntable; a glass rod is detachably inserted in the sleeve.

13. A soil analysis washing loss test device, comprising: Base, rotating drive motor, clamping mechanism, experimental bottle, bottle cap, stirring mechanism, four-way valve, high concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, low concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, water tank, receiving box, filter screen and filtrate monitoring mechanism; characterized in that: A rotating drive motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the base; a clamping mechanism is fixedly arranged on the output end of the rotating drive motor; The clamping mechanism is detachably fixed with an experimental bottle; the upper end of the experimental bottle is detachably fixed with a bottle cap; A stirring mechanism is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; a four-way valve is fixedly arranged on the bottle cap; A high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, a low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank and a water tank are fixedly arranged above one side of the base; The lower ends of the high-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank, the low-concentration hydrochloric acid storage tank and the water tank are connected to the four-way valve through a hose; each hose is provided with a solenoid valve and a flow meter; A receiving box is placed above the base; a filter screen is fixedly arranged in the receiving box; filter paper is placed above the filter screen; A filtrate monitoring mechanism and a PLC control module are fixedly arranged on the base, and the filtrate monitoring mechanism monitors the stirring and pouring of the filtrate in the experimental bottle; The PLC control module is network-connected with the filtrate monitoring mechanism, the rotation driving motor, the stirring mechanism and the clamping mechanism.

Images