Deep hole machining process

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep hole machining process, and belongs to the technical field of deep hole machining. The deep hole machining technology comprises the steps that (2) it is ensured that all needed drill bits in a hole machining set are kept perpendicular to the surface of a workpiece, the drill bits can make contact with the workpiece through stretching and retracting subsequently, and the drill bits can be stably and safely embedded into the workpiece during rotation through perpendicular distribution. According to the deep hole machining method, the problem that in the machining process of an existing deep hole machining method, drilling is only conducted in a segmented mode through a drill bit, and the cost of a large-diameter deep hole cannot be reduced is solved, punching and chambering are conducted through multiple segments, punching is divided into two steps, a guide hole is punched firstly, a first expanded hole is punched along the guide hole, and a second expanded hole is punched along the first expanded hole; a cutting knife which is finally used for chambering goes deep into the first expanded hole to achieve final chambering, punching and chambering are achieved in a segmented mode, and the situations that a drill bit is broken and high temperature cannot be discharged due to long-distance large-diameter chambering can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of deep hole processing, in particular to a deep hole processing technology. Background Art

[0002] The deep hole processing method is a processing technology for holes with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 6 cm. It aims to perform precise and continuous drilling operations inside the material through specific process means. This processing method requires high precision control, effective chip removal mechanism and appropriate coolant supply to ensure the stability of the tool and the quality of the hole wall during the processing;

[0003] A Chinese patent with publication number CN102059366B discloses a deep hole processing method with variable drilling depth and chip breaking and removal, including the following steps: the step specifies deep hole drilling variables, assigns values ​​to the variables involved in deep hole drilling, and if the values ​​are correct, the step is entered; if the values ​​are incorrect, the alarm step is entered and the values ​​are reassigned, wherein the specified variables include a safety height, a feed speed, a first hole depth, a drilling start position, a drilling end position, a drilling depth reduction ratio, and a minimum drilling depth. The deep hole drilling depth is divided into several sections, each section combines chip breaking and chip removal actions, uses chip breaking within a certain drilling depth range, and performs chip removal beyond this range, thereby keeping the iron chips discharged smoothly at all times, improving efficiency, and ensuring the safety of drilling.

[0004] The deep hole processing method of the above-mentioned patent is processed in sections during the processing process. However, when drilling is only performed in sections by a drill bit, it is impossible to directly drill large-diameter deep holes using the method in the comparative document. There are many restrictions when drilling large-diameter deep holes. Directly drilling large-diameter holes requires installing the corresponding diameter of the drill each time, which is cumbersome and complicated. Directly drilling large-diameter holes will cause high-temperature damage to the drill bit, resulting in reduced safety during processing. Damage to the drill bit will also affect the cost of deep hole processing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep hole processing technology, which performs drilling and hole expansion in multiple stages. The drilling is divided into two steps. First, a guide hole is drilled, and then a first expanded hole is drilled along the guide hole. The cutting tool used for expanding the hole is inserted into the first expanded hole to achieve the final expansion. The drilling and hole expansion are achieved in stages, which can avoid drill bit breakage caused by long-distance and large-diameter expansion and the inability to discharge high temperature, thereby solving the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a deep hole processing process, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: In order to ensure the stability and accuracy of the workpiece during the drilling process, the clamping structure surrounds the workpiece to be drilled and clamps it. Select a suitable drill bit to form a hole processing group to ensure that the workpiece will not move or vibrate due to external force and centrifugal force generated by rotation during the processing. The clamping structure clamps and fixes the workpiece, and can also effectively prevent processing errors and possible mechanical damage caused by workpiece displacement, according to the material of the workpiece and the size requirements of the hole;

[0008] Step 2: Fix the appropriate hole processing group selected in step 1 on the CNC machine tool, and ensure that all the required drill bits in the hole processing group are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. The drill bits can be subsequently extended and retracted to contact the workpiece. The vertical distribution allows the drill bits to be stably and safely embedded in the workpiece during rotation.

[0009] Step 3: Start the telescopic structure in the CNC machine tool to push the first drill in the hole processing group. The drill driven by the corresponding motor is rotated independently. The push of the telescopic structure makes the drill in the rotating state contact the workpiece clamped in step 1. The twist drill can realize the processing of the guide hole of the fixed workpiece. The drilling of the twist drill can ensure the straightness and stability of the subsequent micro-drilling.

[0010] Step 4: In step 3, the drill drills a hole and forms a guide hole in the workpiece to ensure the straightness and stability of the subsequent micro-drilling. The CNC machine tool adjusts the drill bits in the hole processing group so that the center position of the second drill bit is aligned with the center position of the guide hole formed in step 3. The adjusted drill bit can be moved toward the guide hole by starting the CNC machine tool and the motor. The adjusted drill bit is the same as the first drill bit in step 3, so that the second drill bit drills along the guide hole. During the drilling process in step 4, the coolant is pumped out by a pump and discharged at the cutting position to actively reduce the temperature of the micro-drilling and workpiece drilling positions. At the same time, attention should be paid to the discharge of drilling debris to avoid blockage caused by drilling debris affecting drilling.

[0011] Step 5: Adjust the coolant discharge position to align it with the middle position between the deep hole diameter processing edge and the hole edge generated by the drill bit rotation in step 4, so that the coolant can cool the subsequent hole expansion position. The cooling liquid can be sprayed at the nearest position of the heat each time, so that in the subsequent gradual hole expansion process, the cooling liquid can be sprayed at the nearest position of the heat each time, thereby improving the safety of subsequent deep hole processing;

[0012] Step 6, the CNC machine tool shrinks the drill bit in step 4 and adjusts the hole processing group, and moves the third drill bit away from the side of the hole generated by the drill bit in step 4, close to the inner wall of the hole generated by the drill bit, and the motor drives the workpiece to rotate with the center of the hole through the clamping structure, and the cutting tool continues to move toward the inner wall of the hole and expands the hole. After a single expansion, the cutting tool is pushed deeper, further deepened and expanded repeatedly until the expansion depth is the same as the depth of the hole drilled by the drill bit in the previous step 4;

[0013] Step 7, calculate whether the repeated drilling depth of step 3 is superimposed to the deep hole length. If the repeated drilling depth of the drill bit in step 3 does not reach the required length after superposition, return to step 3 and perform the guide hole processing again. After the repeated drilling depth of step 3 reaches the required length, there is no need to return to step 3 and repeat the guide hole processing, and execute step 8;

[0014] Step 8. Slowly withdraw all the drill bits, use the third drill bit to repeatedly fit the inner wall of the hole, rotate the workpiece according to the center of the hole, and use the telescopic device to continuously push the third drill bit so that the third drill bit is embedded in the deep hole at one time to avoid protrusion inside the deep hole due to multiple segmented grinding, which will affect the effect of the finished product and subsequent use;

[0015] Step 9. Slowly exit the whole hole processing group, turn off the machine tool, and finally clean up the debris inside the deep hole of the workpiece. Finally, measure the diameter and depth of the hole to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0016] Preferably, the hole processing group in step one consists of a twist drill, a micro drill and a cutting tool, the twist drill corresponds to the first drill bit in step three, the micro drill corresponds to the second drill bit in step four, and the cutting tool corresponds to the third drill bit in step six.

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the twist drill in step three can be selected in the range of one millimeter to four millimeters. A twist drill with a diameter of one millimeter to four millimeters can be used to drill a small hole in the middle of the subsequent hole expansion position, so that subsequent drilling can be carried out along the small hole produced by the rotation of the twist drill. The small guide hole can prevent subsequent drilling from causing deviation.

[0018] Preferably, the diameter of the micro drill in step 4 is less than six centimeters and greater than four centimeters, and the guide hole can be enlarged by rotating the micro drill so that the cutting tool can be inserted into the inner position of the guide hole.

[0019] Preferably, the cutting blade in step six is ​​rectangular, and the width of the cutting blade is less than four centimeters. The cutting blade less than four centimeters can allow the cutting blade to penetrate deeply into the hole produced by the rotation of the twist drill and the micro drill.

[0020] Preferably, the length of the hole produced by the rotation of the micro drill in step 4 is less than six centimeters.

[0021] Preferably, the depth of the single hole expansion of the cutting knife in step six is ​​the same as the length of the cutting knife itself, so that the entire length of the cutting knife can be used for friction to achieve cutting, which is convenient for improving the utilization rate of the cutting knife and reducing the frequency of use of the cutting knife.

[0022] Preferably, in step six, after the first hole expansion, the cutting tool needs to expand the hole again. When the penetration distance is shorter than the length of the cutting tool, the cutting tool can be pushed and penetrated to the maximum length that can be entered. The chips of the last cutting tool can be flexibly adjusted to avoid the cutting tool being embedded too deeply, causing damage to both the cutting tool and the workpiece.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention divides the entire depth into several sections for drilling and processing during deep hole processing, and the processing length of each section is six centimeters, so that the deep hole processing can be converted into ordinary drilling. The segmented drilling can directly avoid the depth of a single drilling being longer than six centimeters, avoid the impact of deeper drilling requirements on the discharge of heat and drilling debris, and avoid damage to the drill bit caused by deeper drilling. On the other hand, in the process of segmented drilling, since the diameter of some holes is much larger than the diameter of the drill bit, frequent replacement of the drill bit and matching of the appropriate drill bit affect the efficiency of deep hole processing. Therefore, when drilling by segmentation, each time a hole is drilled for a workpiece within a length range, the center point of the drilling position is first marked. A guide hole with the same length as the segment is expanded along the guide hole to form a hole into which the cutting tool can penetrate. Subsequently, through the continuous lateral movement of the cutting tool and the rotation of the workpiece, the hole expansion of any diameter can be achieved. It is worth mentioning that during the hole expansion process, the depth of the hole expansion inside the guide hole is the same as the length of the cutting tool, and the deeper position inside will not be cut. The external coolant can be sprayed at the closest position each time to cool down both the cutting and the cutter simultaneously. The superimposed depth of multiple hole expansions reaches the required depth of the deep hole to complete a single deep hole processing. The cooling is efficient and the debris discharge efficiency is high. The drilling does not need to be continuously rotated due to the long embedding depth and may cause damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a deep hole processing process flow chart of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the deep hole processing steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a deep hole processing process of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: In order to ensure the stability and accuracy of the workpiece during the drilling process, the clamping structure surrounds the workpiece to be drilled to ensure that the workpiece will not move or vibrate due to external force and centrifugal force generated by rotation during the processing. In addition, the workpiece is clamped and fixed to prevent processing errors and possible mechanical damage caused by workpiece displacement;

[0030] On the other hand, the clamping structure can clamp and fix the workpiece, and can also effectively prevent processing errors and possible mechanical damage caused by workpiece displacement, according to the material of the workpiece and the size requirements of the hole;

[0031] Among them, a suitable twist drill, micro drill and cutting tool are selected to form a hole processing group. The diameter of the twist drill can be selected between one millimeter and four millimeters, and the diameter of the micro drill is less than six centimeters and greater than four centimeters. Finally, the width of the cutting tool is less than four centimeters. The cutting tool less than four centimeters can facilitate the cutting tool to penetrate into the hole generated by the rotation of the twist drill and the micro drill, so as to facilitate the subsequent hole expansion by the cutting tool and fitting the inner wall of the hole;

[0032] Step 2: Fix the appropriate hole processing group selected in step 1 on the CNC machine tool, and ensure that all the required drill bits in the hole processing group are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. It is necessary to ensure that all the required drill bits in the hole processing group are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. This can be achieved by changing the relative position of the hole processing group;

[0033] Keep the drill bit perpendicular to the workpiece surface so that the drill bit can contact the workpiece by retracting it later. The vertical distribution allows the drill bit to be stably and safely embedded in the workpiece.

[0034] Step 3: determine the drilling position of the workpiece clamped and fixed in step 1, start the telescopic structure in the CNC machine tool to push the twist drill in the hole processing group, start the motor in the CNC machine tool to independently drive the twist drill to rotate, and with the push of the telescopic structure, the twist drill in the rotating state contacts the clamped and fixed workpiece;

[0035] The twist drill can be used to process the guide hole of the fixed workpiece, and the drilling by the twist drill can ensure the straightness and stability of the subsequent micro-drilling.

[0036] After completing the installation of the hole processing group, start the telescopic structure in the CNC machine tool to push the first drill in the hole processing group. The drill will be driven by an independent motor to rotate. The advantage of this is that the drill can remain stably embedded in the workpiece during rotation, avoiding errors caused by movement or rotation of the workpiece.

[0037] Step 4: After the twist drill processes the guide hole, take it out, adjust the hole processing group of the CNC machine tool so that the center position of the micro drill is aligned with the center position of the guide hole, and the micro drill can be moved toward the guide hole by starting the CNC machine tool and the motor, and the micro drill is used to drill along the guide hole;

[0038] Among them, micro-drilling produces holes with a length of less than six centimeters;

[0039] In addition, the micro drill is slowly pushed and entered into the pilot hole;

[0040] During the rotation and cutting process, the coolant is pumped out by the pump and discharged at the cutting position, actively reducing the temperature of the micro-drilling and workpiece drilling positions;

[0041] At the same time, attention should be paid to the discharge of drilling debris to avoid blockage caused by drilling debris and affect drilling;

[0042] Use a twist drill to machine the workpiece to secure the pilot hole. This process will allow the drill bit to contact the workpiece clamped in step one to ensure its stability and safety during rotation.

[0043] Step 5: Adjust the coolant discharge position so that it is aligned with the middle position between the deep hole processing edge and the hole edge produced by the micro-drilling in step 4;

[0044] The pump continuously extracts and cools the subsequent hole expansion position, so that in the subsequent gradual hole expansion process, the cooling liquid can be sprayed at the nearest position of heat each time, improving the safety of subsequent deep hole processing;

[0045] Step 6: shrink the micro-drill and adjust the hole processing group through a CNC machine tool, so that the cutting tool in the hole processing group deviates from the side of the hole generated by the micro-drill in step 4, deviates from and approaches the inner wall of the hole generated by the micro-drill, and starts the motor corresponding to the clamping structure, so that the motor drives the workpiece to rotate through the clamping structure, and the center of the rotation overlaps with the center of the drilled hole generated by the micro-drill in step 4, and the cutting tool continues to move toward the inner wall of the drilled hole generated by the micro-drill and expands the hole;

[0046] Among them, the depth of a single hole expansion is the same as the length of the cutting tool;

[0047] After a single hole expansion, the cutting blade is pushed further into the hole by the telescopic device, and the hole expansion is repeated until the cumulative hole expansion depth is the same as the depth of the micro-drilling in the previous step 4, and the debris is cleaned after the hole expansion is completed;

[0048] After the first hole expansion, the drill bits of the hole processing group are adjusted so that the center position of the second drill bit is aligned with the center position of the guide hole formed in the first step. Then, the CNC machine tool and the motor are started to move the adjusted drill bit toward the guide hole for the second hole expansion.

[0049] After the second hole expansion, adjust the coolant discharge position to align it with the middle position between the deep hole diameter processing edge and the guide hole formed in the second step. This can effectively reduce the temperature and improve the safety of the processing process.

[0050] It should be noted that the distance that the cutter penetrates after the first hole expansion is the same as the length of the cutter. However, when the penetration distance is shorter than the length of the cutter, the cutter can be pushed and penetrated to the maximum length that can be entered.

[0051] After completing step six, in step seven, it is calculated whether the repeated drilling depth of the twist drill is superimposed on the length of the deep hole. After completing the required length of the deep hole, there is no need to return to step three and repeat the cutting of the guide hole, and step eight is implemented;

[0052] After completing step six several times and calculating that the repeated drilling depth of the twist drill does not reach the required length, return to step three and perform chip cutting of the pilot hole again;

[0053] Step 8. When the cumulative length of the hole reaches the required depth, slowly withdraw all the drill bits, and finally use the cutting tool to repeatedly fit the inner wall of the hole, repeatedly rotate the workpiece according to the center of the hole, and continuously push the cutting tool by the telescopic device, so that the cutting tool is embedded in the deep hole at one time;

[0054] After calculating the repeated drilling depth in step 3, begin to gradually expand the depth and width of the hole. Use a twist drill to expand the hole first, then switch to a micro drill. After each expansion, use a cutting tool to further expand the depth and width of the hole.

[0055] Avoid protrusions inside deep holes due to multiple segmented grinding, which will affect the effect of the finished product and subsequent use;

[0056] Step 9. Slowly exit the whole hole processing group, turn off the machine tool, and finally clean up the debris inside the deep hole of the workpiece. Finally, measure the diameter and depth of the hole to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0057] Working principle: The workpiece is clamped and the drill bit is fixed on the CNC machine tool. The twist drill is first pushed through telescopic movement, and the twist drill is independently driven to rotate by the motor to drill and form a guide hole. The micro drill further drills along the guide hole to expand the hole spacing, and the temperature during drilling is reduced by coolant during the drilling process. After drilling, the drilling position is adjusted to align it with the middle position between the deep hole diameter processing edge and the hole edge generated by the rotation of the micro drill. The cutting tool is penetrated into the previously drilled hole, deviates from the center position and approaches the inner wall of the hole. The motor drives the workpiece to rotate with the center of the drilling hole, and the cutting tool continues to move toward the inner wall of the drill hole and expands the hole. After a single expansion, the cutting tool is pushed deeper, and the expansion is repeated until the expansion depth is the same as the depth of the last micro drill drilling. When the depth of the entire expansion does not reach the required length, the guide hole and subsequent expansion steps are repeated until the length of the entire expansion meets the requirements of the deep hole length.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A deep hole processing technology, It is characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: The clamping structure surrounds and clamps the workpiece to be drilled, and a suitable drill bit is selected to form a hole processing group; Step 2: The appropriate hole processing group selected in step 1 is fixedly installed on the CNC machine tool, ensuring that all the required drill bits in the hole processing group are kept perpendicular to the workpiece surface, and then the drill bits are extended and retracted to contact the workpiece. The vertical distribution allows the drill bits to be stably and safely embedded in the workpiece during rotation; Step 3: Start the telescopic structure in the CNC machine tool to push the first drill in the hole processing group, and the drill driven by the corresponding motor is rotated independently. The push of the telescopic structure makes the drill in the rotating state contact the workpiece clamped in step 1; Step 4: The drill bit in step 3 drills a hole and forms a guide hole in the workpiece to ensure the straightness and stability of the subsequent micro-drilling. The CNC machine tool adjusts the drill bits in the hole processing group so that the center position of the second drill bit is aligned with the center position of the guide hole formed in step 3. Subsequently, the CNC machine tool and the motor are started to move the adjusted drill bit toward the guide hole. The adjusted drill bit is the same as the first drill bit in step 3, so that the second drill bit drills along the guide hole; Step 5: Adjust the coolant discharge position to align it with the middle position between the deep hole diameter processing edge and the hole edge generated by the drill bit rotation in step 4, so that the coolant can cool the subsequent hole expansion position, and the cooling liquid can be sprayed at the nearest position of the heat each time; Step 6, the CNC machine tool shrinks the drill bit in step 4 and adjusts the hole processing group, and moves the third drill bit away from the side of the hole generated by the drill bit in step 4, close to the inner wall of the hole generated by the drill bit, and the motor drives the workpiece to rotate with the center of the drill hole through the clamping structure, and the cutting tool continues to move toward the inner wall of the drill hole and expand the hole. After a single expansion, the cutting tool is pushed deeper, further penetrated and the hole is expanded repeatedly; Step 7, calculate whether the repeated drilling depth of step 3 is superimposed to the deep hole length. If the repeated drilling depth of the drill bit in step 3 does not reach the required length after superposition, return to step 3 and perform the guide hole processing again. After the repeated drilling depth of step 3 reaches the required length, there is no need to return to step 3 and repeat the guide hole processing, and execute step 8; Step 8. Slowly withdraw all the drill bits, use the third drill bit to repeatedly fit the inner wall of the hole, rotate the workpiece according to the center of the hole, and use the telescopic device to continuously push the third drill bit so that the third drill bit is embedded in the deep hole at one time; Step 9. Slowly exit the whole hole processing group, turn off the machine tool, and finally clean up the debris inside the deep hole of the workpiece. Finally, measure the diameter and depth of the hole to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

2. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: In the step one, the hole processing group consists of a twist drill, a micro drill and a cutting tool. The twist drill corresponds to the first drill bit in step three, the micro drill corresponds to the second drill bit in step four, and the cutting tool corresponds to the third drill bit in step six.

3. A deep hole processing process according to claim 2, Features: The diameter of the twist drill in step three may range from 1 mm to 4 mm.

4. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: The diameter of the micro drill in step 4 is less than six centimeters and greater than four centimeters.

5. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: In step six, the cutting blade is rectangular, and the width of the cutting blade is less than four centimeters. The cutting blade less than four centimeters can make the cutting blade penetrate deeply into the hole generated by the twist drill and the micro drill.

6. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: In step 4, the length of the hole produced by the rotation of the micro drill is less than six centimeters.

7. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: The depth of the hole enlarged by the cutting tool in a single step in step 6 is the same as the length of the cutting tool itself.

8. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: In step six, after the first hole expansion, the cutting tool needs to expand the hole again. When the penetration distance is shorter than the length of the cutting tool, the cutting tool can be pushed and penetrated to the maximum length that can be entered.

9. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: During the drilling process in step 4, the coolant is pumped out through a pump and discharged toward the cutting position, actively reducing the temperature of the micro-drilling and workpiece drilling positions.

10. A deep hole processing process according to claim 1, Features: Repeat the hole enlargement until the cumulative hole enlargement depth in step 6 is the same as the depth of the hole drilled by the drill bit in the previous step 4.

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