Method for ionizing fluid

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the ionization of a fluid, in which the fluid is conveyed in a gaseous state inside an elongated container (4, 404), in which the inner surface of the wall (10) of the elongated fluid container has an annular shape in a cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the container, in which the inner diameter of the container (4, 404) is in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm, wherein the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (18) are arranged in the container opposite each other and at a distance from each other in the transverse direction of the elongate container, and wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing each electrode of the first electrode pair with a voltage in the range of 2 kV to 15 kV, in particular a voltage in the range of 5 kV to 10 kV, preferably a voltage of about 7.5 kV, the method includes providing a first pair of electrodes (18), such that the electrodes produce an electrical discharge for ionizing the fluid, supplying the fluid to the inlet of the container at a flow rate of 5-80 liters / minute, deflecting at least a portion (334) of the electrical discharge downstream in the flow direction of the fluid, and providing a magnetic field (311) in the vicinity of the first pair of electrodes (18) to influence the structure of the electrical discharge to support ionization of the fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for ionizing a gaseous fluid.

[0002] Ionization is the process by which atoms or molecules acquire a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, usually in combination with other chemical changes. The resulting charged atoms or molecules are called ions.

[0003] The technical field of the invention relates to ionizing a fluid by subjecting the fluid to an electric arc.

[0004] The gaseous fluid used as input for the ionization method can be air. When the arc is strong enough, conditions are created for the gas to separate into positive ions and electrons, wherein the air is ionized.

[0005] One application area of ​​ionized gases is cleaning fluids, such as gases (which can be air), or liquids (such as industrial process liquids and various waters and wastewaters and other liquids). Ionized gases can be used to remove organic and mineral impurities or contaminants. Such organic matter may be bacteria, viruses, other harmful microorganisms and some organic chemicals. In addition, separation is performed by precipitation of inorganic or mineral substances (such as metals).

[0006] The disclosure in this section should not be considered as any admission that the art is prior. Background Art

[0007] WO2018 / 211309 discloses an arc ionization reactor and a method for producing ozone by using air. The reactor is elongated and has an inner annular cross-sectional shape. An inlet for air entry is provided at a first end of the elongated reactor, and an outlet is provided at a second end of the elongated reactor. A pair of needle-shaped electrodes are arranged opposite to each other and at a certain distance from each other in the transverse direction of the elongated reactor. Alternating current with a high voltage is supplied to the electrodes for generating an arc between the electrodes.

[0008] Buntat, Zokafle; Ozone generation using electrical discharges; A comparative study between Pulsed Streamer Discharge and Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (2005) (Buntat, Zokafle; Ozone generation using electrical discharges; A comparative study between Pulsed Streamer Discharge and Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (2005)). This paper studies the techniques of ozone generation using atmospheric pressure glow discharge and pulsed streamer discharge, trying to compare their performance in producing high concentration and high yield of ozone. The technique involves comparing different methods of using corona discharge at atmospheric pressure by using dielectric plates that are at most 1mm apart from each other.

[0009] US20020170817 discloses the generation of corona or other discharges, and passing gas through the corona to achieve ionization, generate ozone, etc. According to various methods of the invention, a corona discharge (or other electrical discharge) is generated, and gas is passed through the corona discharge; static mixing technology can be used to mix the gas to ensure maximum exposure of the gas to the corona discharge, provide uniform gas temperature, cool the corona generator, etc. One or more purposes.

[0010] JP0761801 discloses an ozonating unit that provides a high ozone concentration by connecting a high-frequency power supply to a specified electrode, performing corona discharge and adjusting the current while causing the generated ozone gas to flow in a spiral form and preventing the ozone from being destroyed.

[0011] US4960569A discloses a corona discharge ozone generator, which includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric material disposed between the electrodes. An ozonation chamber is formed between one of the electrodes and the dielectric material and defines a fluid flow path. A plurality of heat conductive solids are within the fluid flow path.

[0012] US6451208 discloses a device for applying an electrostatic field and a magnetic field to a fluid, the device comprising an outer conduit and an inner conduit forming a fluid channel therebetween. The inner conduit is connected to a DC power supply, and the outer conduit and an electrode needle electrically connected to the outer conduit are grounded. A baffle is placed in the channel to cause a spiral motion of the fluid flowing in the channel. Summary of the invention

[0013] A first object of the invention is to achieve a method for ionizing a fluid flow which allows for a high ionization efficiency.

[0014] This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Thus, this is achieved by a method for ionizing a fluid, wherein the fluid is transported in a gaseous state inside an elongated container, wherein the inner surface of the wall of the elongated fluid container has an annular shape in a cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the inner diameter of the container is in the range of 10 mm-50 mm, wherein a first electrode pair is arranged in the container, the first electrode pair being opposite to each other and at a distance from each other in the transverse direction of the elongated container, wherein the method comprises the steps of: supplying a voltage in the range of 2 kV to 15 kV, in particular a voltage in the range of 5 kV to 10 kV, preferably a voltage of about 7.5 kV to each electrode of the first electrode pair so that a discharge occurs from the electrodes to ionize the fluid, supplying the fluid to an inlet of the container at a flow rate in the range of 5 l / min-80 l / min for deflecting at least a part of the discharge downstream in the direction of flow of the fluid, and providing a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first electrode pair for influencing the discharge structure to support ionization of the fluid.

[0015] The selection of a specific size range of the container and a specific parameter combination and certain parameter ranges for the operation of the device have been shown to achieve high ionization efficiency in a cost-effective manner. The cost-effectiveness may be reflected in the production and / or operation of the device. The method provides for the creation of a configuration of the first arc structure that is particularly effective in ionizing the fluid.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of high frequency charging the electrodes of the first electrode pair so that the discharge comprises a plurality of independent half arc structures, the plurality of independent half arc structures being formed simultaneously from each electrode.

[0017] More specifically, the two electrodes exchange electrons / positrons with the environment of the respective electrodes, ultimately resulting in a discharge and the generation of an independent half-arc structure near the respective electrodes, which interacts with the transported fluid. The term "half" here means that the arc extends a distance from the respective electrode into the container, but there is no continuous arc extension between the electrodes of the first electrode pair.

[0018] The method creates conditions for generating a discharge that forms a configuration of a first independent half-arc structure that is particularly effective in ionizing a fluid. This can be achieved by providing a voltage of a certain magnitude to the first electrode pair so that the two electrodes have the same charge at each moment, and providing the fluid at a fluid flow rate that matches the voltage magnitude. More specifically, the method creates conditions for forming a configuration of a first independent half-arc structure downstream of the electrode, which configuration largely covers the cross-section of the container, and more specifically, can cover a hemispherical space, which in turn largely creates conditions for ionizing the fluid passing through the first arc structure. The first independent half-arc structure generated can include a specific type of arc, which can be called "Ario-arcs" or "Ario discharge" (arc rotating ionization orbit), which has certain characteristics, such as multiple arcs, arc persistence, and arc stability.

[0019] In other words, the first arc structure may be configured to cover a majority of the cross-section of the container such that when the stream of atoms / molecules in the fluid stream is transported past the electrode, it is difficult for atoms to pass through without being ionized.

[0020] According to one example, the discharge from the electrodes forms "half-arcs" extending from each electrode to less than halfway or approximately halfway relative to the central axis of the vessel, affecting the passage of material through the space between the two electrodes.

[0021] According to another example, at least one arc at a time is permanent and continuous in the first independent half-arc configuration.

[0022] According to one example, the first independent half arc structure includes an arc having a sawtooth zigzag shape, because electrons repel each other due to having the same charge. At the tip of the sawtooth arc portion, the ionization energy utilization is higher (ionization is relatively easier to occur there) because the electrons are more excited there.

[0023] The expression "emitting" electrons / positrons from an electrode may alternatively be referred to as "discharging" electrons / positrons.

[0024] According to one example, the method includes the step of generating a plurality of independent half-arc structures, such that the plurality of independent half-arc structures include a first group of half-arcs deflected downstream from a first electrode pair by a fluid flow and a second group of half-arcs extending upstream from the first electrode pair by a magnetic field.

[0025] In other words, a magnetic bridge (a path formed by magnets for electrons) can be created in the container near the first electrode pair. The magnetic field has an effect on the electrons in the passing fluid flow, causing the electrons to remain in the ionized region for a few seconds. This provides a better path for creating a greater number of arcs (the first arc structure). In addition, by applying a magnetic field, a similar yield can be achieved with lower energy.

[0026] According to another embodiment, the method includes the step of charging each electrode of the first electrode pair so that the electrodes are simultaneously negatively or positively charged, generating a potential difference between each electrode and the environment of the corresponding electrode so that a discharge occurs from each electrode, wherein the method includes the step of conveying a gaseous fluid in a container through the first electrode pair in the environment of the corresponding electrode during charging to ionize the fluid.

[0027] The method can be used for the production of ROS (reactive oxygen) and some other substances. The fluid used here can be air. After ionization, the fluid includes a mixture of ROS (reactive oxygen species), such as oxygen (O2), superoxide anion (O2-), peroxide (O2-2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydroxide ion (OH-). This is a uniform mixture of ROS, and the mixture is basically stable, and the free radical with relatively high half-life can remain stable for downstream applications, such as for cleaning the tank of industrial process fluid. According to an example, the process fluid is a cutting fluid produced by an industrial cutting operation.

[0028] According to one example, the method includes the step of providing a voltage magnitude to achieve selective ionization to a first electrode pair. For example, oxygen ionizes at a lower energy than nitrogen. More specifically, an ionization energy of approximately 1400 kJ / mol can ionize oxygen without ionizing nitrogen. The ionization energy is precisely controlled so that in a specific application, all elements are preferentially ionized to oxygen, rather than to nitrogen and other elements with higher atomic numbers, to avoid the production of nitrogen oxides NOx (NO3–HNO3) and, therefore, odor. The voltage range provided to the electrodes is selected to ensure that the available energy required for ionization of the gaseous elements is high enough to ionize oxygen, but not enough to ionize nitrogen.

[0029] Even in the case of long-term use of the equipment and aging of the power source (such as the transformer), no undesirable byproducts are generated because the energy provided is still below the first ionization energy of nitrogen. This is an advantage of this technology in the field and is different from many existing technologies, such as ultraviolet and ozone generators, which ionize nitrogen (first ionization) and oxygen (second ionization) and therefore produce the above-mentioned undesirable byproducts. For example, as the UV lamp ages, the wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic waves changes, and this change affects the availability of ionization energy.

[0030] According to another embodiment, the method includes the step of applying a voltage to the electrodes at a magnitude such that the first half-arc configuration includes a plurality of arcs.

[0031] According to one example, several electron streams flow from each electrode in different paths, forming different arcs.

[0032] According to one example, the magnitude of the voltage and the fluid flow rate are matched so that at least one half-arc in the first arc configuration is permanent / continuous. The flow direction also affects the bending of the half-arcs in the downstream direction.

[0033] According to another embodiment, the inner wall of the elongated fluid container has a diameter in the range of 10 mm - 30 mm, preferably in the range of 15 mm - 25 mm.

[0034] According to a further embodiment, the electrodes of the first electrode pair are arranged at a distance from each other in the range of 2 mm-15 mm, in particular in the range of 2 mm-10 mm, and preferably in the range of 2 mm-4 mm.

[0035] According to one example, for a vessel with a diameter in the range of 15 mm-25 mm, the distance between the electrodes is in the range of 2 mm-4 mm. In this way, corrosion can be minimized, thereby extending the service life of the device and / or making the use cost more economical in low-maintenance situations due to the reduced frequency of replacing the electrodes. As an alternative or in addition, the electrodes can be coated with a chemical coating, using, for example, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-platinum or any other material that can improve the corrosion resistance of the electrodes.

[0036] According to a further embodiment, each electrode of the first electrode pair has an elongated shape and has a sharp tip, the electrodes being arranged in such a way that the sharp tips face each other.

[0037] According to one example, the electrodes of the first electrode pair are straight, rod-shaped, have sharp tips (like needles), and are aligned with each other.

[0038] According to a further embodiment, each electrode of the first electrode pair has an elongated shape with a sharp tip forming an angle in the range of 20°-35°. The sharp tip of such an electrode creates conditions for the formation of multiple paths for emitting electrons from the inclined surface of the electrode at longitudinally spaced positions. According to one example, the electrodes of the first electrode pair are identical.

[0039] According to a further embodiment, the method comprises the step of applying a voltage to the first electrode pair such that both electrodes have a positive or negative charge simultaneously.

[0040] Therefore, at a certain point in time, both electrodes in the first electrode pair are positively charged and therefore emit electrons, wherein in the environment of the respective electrodes, the fluid flow can be regarded as forming a negatively charged region to interact with the electrons emitted by the electrodes, thereby generating a first arc structure extending outward at each electrode for ionizing the fluid.

[0041] Studies have shown that a maximum energy level of about 1500 kJ / mol can be achieved using a voltage of 7.5 kV per electrode, thereby achieving the selective ionization defined above.

[0042] According to one example, the transformer is connected to the first electrode of the first electrode pair via one of its output terminals (and possibly to the first electrode of the second electrode pair via another of its terminals) to provide a voltage. According to one example, AC power from a power source such as a power grid enters the transformer. The transformer then converts the input voltage (12 volts to 220 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz to 60 Hz) to a voltage of 2*7.5 kV per pole (associated with one of the electrodes) at a frequency of about 20 kHz by changing the charge (AC current) of the electrodes.

[0043] According to one example, powering the electrodes at high frequency and high voltage creates the conditions for a permanent semi-arc configuration, which is strong enough not to be adversely affected by the passing fluid flow (up to 80 liters / minute). Starting from 10 Hz, the higher the frequency (of the transformer), the greater the number of arcs formed and seen.

[0044] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of supplying a fluid flow to the container at a fluid flow rate in the range of 5 l / min-40 l / min, preferably 8 l / min-20 l / min. It creates conditions for an arc structure with the following characteristics: a high number of half arcs, a high geographical / spatial coverage of half arcs near each electrode environment of each cross section of the container, and a resulting increase in the ionization probability (exposure of the fluid to the half arcs) and the ionization efficiency.

[0045] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of supplying the fluid flow to the inlet of the container in a pulsed manner.

[0046] In applications where liquids are cleaned, such as cleaning industrial process liquids in downstream tanks, spillage of liquids in some applications in tanks is prevented by the containment and the continuous pulse in the output flow.

[0047] Furthermore, some liquids (e.g. hardened liquids) are sensitive to aeration processes (e.g. AOP) and may generate undesirable foam when continuously exposed to diffusion of air or gaseous fluids. This presents a risk that the composition of the liquid product is altered, possibly causing the liquid to lose some of its beneficial properties.

[0048] To ensure uniform understanding of the definitions, the pause / pulse ratio is the ratio of the pause time to the pulse time, which indicates the extent of effective exposure (artificial dose boost of oxidant produced by ionization). Where the pulse time is the duration of time that air is pumped into the inlet of the vessel / reactor and then from the reactor outlet into a downstream tank (applicable to liquid applications in industry). The pause time is the duration of time that the pump stops pumping air into the vessel / reactor (delay time in releasing the fluid into the downstream tank). Increasing this delay will have the advantage of increasing the contact / residence time in the vessel / reactor, but this has limits.

[0049] Obtaining low-frequency pulses can be achieved through pneumatic components or special valves.

[0050] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the following steps: delivering the fluid to the inlet of the container in a pulsed manner, wherein the pulse duration is in the range of 0.25 seconds to 3.0 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 0.25 seconds to 10.0 seconds, in particular, the pulse duration is in the range of 0.4 seconds to 1.0 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 0.5 seconds to 5.0 seconds, more particularly, the pulse duration is 0.5 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 1.5 seconds.

[0051] One effect of the pulse is that there will be pressure fluctuations inside the container, which leads to a "hammer-drill-effect" where the distance between molecules is reduced (and thus the probability of ionization is higher). In addition, the pulse makes the arc thicker than without the pulse. Therefore, the pulse creates conditions for a higher ionization efficiency.

[0052] Another effect of pulsing is that a lower volume of air feed is required to produce the same oxidant output, which improves cost effectiveness.

[0053] According to one example, a 1.5 second pause and a 0.5 second pulse delay provides an ideal balance because during the pause any foam has time to settle (the liquid has enough time to sit, reducing the original liquid level in the main tank while increasing the ionization contact time and thus the ionization efficiency).

[0054] The ideal balance point of the embodiment is defined as a pulse duration of 0.5 seconds and a pause time of 1.5 seconds, resulting in a pause / pulse ratio of 1.5 / 0.5=3, which is slightly lower than 3.33 (0.33 lower than this value for safety reasons), providing the highest ionization efficiency while avoiding the available ionization energy limit of 1500KJ / mol (conversion of 2*7.5kV at 20kHz frequency). This is due to the increase in contact time by controlling the fluid flow rate through the pulse during the pause.

[0055] According to another embodiment, the magnetic field generating device is arranged outside the container and is adapted to provide a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first electrode pair to influence the first arc structure.

[0056] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of conveying at least a first portion of the fluid along a helical path inside the container.

[0057] This fluid flow pattern causes the fluid to spend more time in the container, which creates conditions for increasing the probability of binding rate and collision and ionization rate, thereby having a higher ionization efficiency. In addition, this flow pattern can cause the fluid flow to reach the first arc-shaped structure at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the container, which in turn can cause more molecules to be ionized by the first arc-shaped structure. In addition, this flow pattern can cause turbulence in the fluid flow, which in turn can cause more molecules to be ionized by the first arc structure.

[0058] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of delivering at least a second portion of the fluid along a substantially straight path inside the vessel to a location between electrodes of the first electrode pair. The second portion of the fluid in this manner substantially contributes to a large extent to moving the first arc structure downstream, thereby creating conditions of high coverage of the vessel cross section and thus improving ionization efficiency.

[0059] The term "half arc" structure can be considered as an arc structure between the arc structures of the glow corona and streamer corona of the prior art. However, since the half arc structure introduced by this technology does not have a ground electrode and / or a dielectric, it does not belong to the category of corona discharge, so the half arc structure has a specific shape through a specific magnetic field arrangement (but depending on visual errors, the half arc structure may look like a complete arc extending between the electrodes).

[0060] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing a pressure higher than 1.1 bar in the container during supplying the voltage to the electrodes. According to a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing a pressure higher than 1.5 bar in the container during supplying the voltage to the electrodes. According to an example, the method operates at a pressure in the container in the range of 1.5 bar-2.0 bar. Pressure levels higher than 1.1 bar increase the probability of more species colliding, thus improving the ionization efficiency. The required pressure in the container also depends on the downstream application, where the pressure level can be as high as 10 bar.

[0061] Therefore, during the charging of the electrodes, the pressure in the container is greater than the atmospheric pressure, where the constant pressure increase in a given volume near each electrode allows for a higher chance of collision and ionization of molecules, ions, atoms, electrons and positrons around the respective electrode.

[0062] According to another embodiment, the method comprises the step of irradiating the fluid in the container by a light source. The light-matter interaction provides a phenomenon of pair production. In the region where the arc is formed, the interaction between the photons from the light source and the matter passing through the region results in the emission of waves having different wavelength ranges, depending on the light source. The waves produced increase the ionization efficiency. In addition, electrons and positrons are released, which contribute to the ionization reaction. The yield per unit of energy is increased.

[0063] The light source is preferably arranged outside the container. This creates conditions for a long life of the light source, because it is not affected by the environment inside the container (friction and heat). If the container wall is transparent, for example made of glass, the radiation of the light source can irradiate the fluid flow.

[0064] The light source may be a light emitting diode (LED) adapted to radiate ultraviolet (UV) light. According to an alternative, a xenon lamp may be used. According to one example, the light source may be adapted to provide a light intensity in the range of 100 lumens to 5600 lumens. The light intensity may be matched to the magnitude of the voltage supplied to the electrode, wherein for a certain ionization effect, a lower voltage may be compensated by a higher light intensity.

[0065] The light source can help to significantly increase the ionization efficiency. Tests have shown an increase of 40% in ionization efficiency.

[0066] According to another example, the ionization device comprises a second electrode pair, the second electrode pair being arranged in the container at a distance from the first electrode pair. According to one example, the distance between adjacent electrode pairs is at least 30 mm.

[0067] According to another embodiment, electrodes of a second electrode pair are arranged in a container opposite to each other and at a distance from each other, wherein the second electrode pair is arranged downstream of the first electrode pair in a fluid flow direction in the container and at a distance from the first electrode pair, wherein the method comprises the following steps: charging each electrode of the second electrode pair so that each electrode is simultaneously positively or negatively charged, and synchronizing the charging of the first electrode pair with respect to the second electrode so that when an electrode of the first electrode pair is positively charged, an electrode of the second electrode pair is negatively charged, and vice versa.

[0068] More specifically, the distance between the second electrode pair and the first electrode pair is sufficient to avoid interference in frequency synchronization of arc structures of adjacent electrode pairs. In addition, the distance is preferably sufficient to avoid any direct complete arc between two electrodes of opposite charge to avoid any increase in ampere load.

[0069] According to a further development of the last-mentioned embodiment, the method comprises the steps of connecting the first electrode of the first electrode pair and the first electrode of the second electrode pair to opposite ends of a first power supply and connecting the second electrode of the first electrode pair and the second electrode of the second electrode pair to opposite ends of a second power supply.

[0070] Further advantages and advantageous features of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] With reference to the accompanying drawings, below follows a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention cited as examples.

[0072] In the attached picture:

[0073] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a first embodiment, wherein the container is shown in cross-section,

[0074] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the container.

[0075] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the first electrode pair in FIG.

[0076] Figure 4 The first electrode pair is arranged according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic top view of a first arc structure generated in a container of

[0077] Figure 5 The first electrode pair is arranged according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic front view of a first arc structure generated in a container of

[0078] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a second embodiment, wherein the container is shown in cross-section,

[0079] Figure 7 Is set in Figure 6 A perspective view of a fluid flow guiding unit in a container,

[0080] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A front view of the fluid flow guiding unit,

[0081] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a third embodiment, wherein the container is shown in cross-section,

[0082] Fig.10 Yes Fig. 9A cross-sectional view of the container shown,

[0083] Fig.11 is a perspective view of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a first embodiment,

[0084] Fig.12 It is around Fig.11 A perspective view of a portion of a magnetic field generating device arranged in a container,

[0085] Fig.13 yes Fig.11 A schematic partially cut-away front view of a magnetic field generating device,

[0086] Fig.14 yes Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a container showing a portion of a magnetic field generated by a magnetic field generating device,

[0087] Fig.15 is based on relative to Figure 2 A perspective view of an alternative design of a container in which the container is

[0088] Fig.16 is used in the ionization device according to the fourth embodiment. Fig.17 A schematic cross-sectional view of a container is shown,

[0089] Fig.17 is a perspective view of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a fifth embodiment,

[0090] Fig.18 is a graph showing an example of a pulsed flow supplied to an ionization device,

[0091] Fig.19 is a graph showing the ionization available energy for different pause / pulse ratios,

[0092] Fig. 20 is a partially cut-away and exploded perspective view of an apparatus for ionizing a fluid, and

[0093] Fig.21 is a schematic diagram of an alternative apparatus for ionizing a fluid according to a first embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of an apparatus 2 for ionization of a gaseous fluid according to a first embodiment. The gaseous fluid will be referred to as gas hereinafter. According to an example, the gas is air. The ionization apparatus 2 comprises a container 4. The container 4 is shown in a cross section in a horizontal plane passing through its central axis. The container 4 has an elongated shape. The container 4 has a circular cross-sectional shape, more specifically an annular cross-sectional shape. In addition, the cross section of the container 4 is constant along most of the length of the container. In addition, the ends 6, 8 of the container 4 in the longitudinal direction have a circular shape, more specifically a hemispherical shape. The wall 10 of the container 4 defines an inner chamber 12. The inner surface of the wall 10 of the elongated container 4 has a diameter of approximately 20 mm. Figure 2 is from Figure 1 A perspective view of the container 4 viewed from above.

[0095] The wall 10 of the container is made of glass. The container may be formed of two identical container parts having a limit in a plane passing through the central axis of the container 4. According to an alternative, the container 4 is integrally formed with a cap at one end.

[0096] In addition, the inlet 14 is arranged at the first end 6 of the container 4 along its longitudinal direction, and the outlet 16 is arranged at the second end 8 of the container 4 along its longitudinal direction, so that the air flow is conveyed from the inlet 14 to the outlet 16. Each of the inlet 14 and the outlet 16 has a generally tubular shape. The axis of the inlet 14 has a main direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the container 4 and is arranged to be aligned with the longitudinal center axis 17 of the container. Similarly, the axis of the outlet 16 has a main direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the container 4 and is arranged to be aligned with the longitudinal center axis 17 of the container. The length of the container 4 is in the range of 100 mm-120 mm, excluding the inlet 14 and the outlet 16.

[0097] The ionization device 2 further comprises electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18, which are arranged opposite each other and at a distance from each other in the container 4. The electrodes 20, 22 are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. Furthermore, the container 4 is arranged in such a way that its longitudinal direction is in a horizontal plane. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 are arranged such that they extend in a horizontal plane. Figure 3The electrodes 20, 22 are shown in an enlarged view of . The electrodes 20, 22 are arranged so that the distance γ between each other is in the range of 2mm-4mm. In addition, each of the electrodes 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 has an elongated shape with a circular cross-section and a sharp tip 24, 26. The electrodes are arranged so that the sharp tips 24, 26 face each other. More specifically, each of the electrodes 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 has an elongated shape, and the sharp tips 24, 26 define an angle α in the range of 20°-35°. In other words, each of the electrodes 20, 22 has a sharp tip. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 are straight and aligned with each other. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 are in the form of rods. The electrodes 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 can be called needle electrodes. The electrodes 20 , 22 in the first electrode pair 18 are formed of a metal material, more specifically, for example, a tungsten material (also referred to as tungsten).

[0098] According to the laws of physics, when a component is charged, the charged part will accumulate at any sharp edge of the component. Therefore, the charged part will be highly accumulated at the sharp edges of the electrodes 20, 22. In other words, the charged part will have a very high density in the sharp edge, where the electric field will be strong in the area of ​​the sharp edge. In addition, the high-charge electrode (positive or negative) will have a very high potential relative to the environment (near the electrode). The potential difference between the electrode and its adjacent environment / surrounding environment will cause the material in the environment near the corresponding electrode to be ionized, causing electrons / positrons to exchange in a cycle from a high potential area to a low potential area and from a low potential area to a high potential area (and vice versa), so that different types of discharges from the electrode may occur. This phenomenon may be similar to a Tesla coil.

[0099] Therefore, the design of the electrodes 20, 22 with sharp tips 24, 26, especially with an acute angle of 20 to 35 degrees (preferably 22 degrees to generate a greater number of half arcs and increase the life of the electrode), creates good conditions for generating discharges in the form of half arcs from the tip surface, which is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the elongated electrode. More specifically, a first group of arcs extending from the electrode tip to the downstream direction can be generated. In addition, a second group of arcs extending from the electrode tip to the upstream direction can be generated. The following will be combined with Figure 4 and Figure 5 Describe it in more detail.

[0100] The ionization device 2 also includes a power supply 28, 50 for simultaneously charging each electrode 20, 22 in the first electrode pair 18 so that each electrode 20, 22 has the same charge. In this way, a potential difference can be generated between each electrode 20, 22 and the environment of the corresponding electrode, so that discharge occurs simultaneously from each electrode. In addition, during the charging process to ionize the fluid, the fluid is transported in the gaseous state in the container through the first electrode pair 18 in the environment of the corresponding electrode 20, 22.

[0101] More specifically, the power supply 28, 50 comprises two transformers 28, 50 adapted to supply alternating current of a specific frequency to the electrodes. Thus, the power supply 28, 50 is adapted to supply a voltage to the first electrode pair such that both electrodes 20, 22 are simultaneously positively charged and thus emit electrons. This Figure 4 20, 22, wherein arrows 30, 31 indicate the paths of electrons emitted from the tips of electrodes 20, 22. In addition, container 4 is adapted to convey gas in a gas stream through first electrode pair 18, wherein the gas stream can be viewed as a negatively charged region 32 between electrodes 20, 22 for interacting with electrons emitted from the electrodes, thereby generating a first arc structure 34. More specifically, a plurality of electrical half arcs are emitted from each of electrodes 20, 22 for ionization of the gas. Figure 5 is based on Figure 4 FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a first arc structure 34 formed in a container of FIG. 3. In addition, each arc has a sawtooth zigzag shape.

[0102] More specifically, each transformer 28, 50 comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding. Each transformer converts an input voltage of 12 volts to 220 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz to 60 Hz into a voltage of 2*7.5 kV per pole (associated with one of the electrodes) at a frequency of about 20 kHz by changing the charge (AC current) of the electrodes. Therefore, each transformer 28, 50 comprises a frequency converter 29, 51, in which one of the functions of the ground wire is to reduce noise.

[0103] It should be noted that Figure 4 and Figure 5 The zigzag arc shapes shown in the figure are only schematic. In particular, the half arcs are magnified and much larger than the actual size relative to the size of the electrodes 20, 22. In fact, the zigzag shape refers to the microscopic scale. In addition, their number is much greater than the number of arcs shown in the figure.

[0104] Each of the transformers 28, 50 is adapted to provide an output voltage of approximately 7.5 kV amplitude via each of its output terminals. In addition, each of the transformers 28, 50 is adapted to provide an output voltage at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz, wherein the polarity of the electrodes connected to the two output terminals / poles of one transformer will change very quickly (every 0.00005 seconds).

[0105] The ionization device 2 also includes a magnetic field generating device 304. Figure 11-14 Describe it in more detail.

[0106] The magnetic field generating device 304 includes a first part 305 arranged upstream of the first electrode pair 18 along the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the first independent half-arc structure 34 includes a first group of half arcs 334 deflected from the electrodes downstream by the airflow and a second group of half arcs 336 extending upstream from the electrodes 20, 22 by the magnetic field action of the first magnetic field generating part 305. Figure 4 334 and the second group of arcs 336 are shown in FIG. It can be noted that the second group of arcs 336 includes fewer arcs than the first group of arcs 334, and the arcs in the second group of arcs 336 have a smaller extension in the longitudinal direction of the container relative to the first group of arcs 334.

[0107] More specifically, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating portion 305 also generates a bridge / path for the arc upstream of the electrode pair 18, see arrows 330 and 331 indicating electrons emitted from the electrodes 20, 22. The second group of arcs 336 includes multiple arcs between the electrodes 20, 22. In addition, the arcs have a zigzag / sawtooth shape.

[0108] It should be noted that Figure 4 and Figure 5 The zigzag arc shapes shown in the figure are exaggerated and are much larger than the actual size relative to the size of the electrodes 20, 22. In fact, the zigzags are microscopic in scale. In addition, their number is much greater than the number of arcs shown in the figure.

[0109] More specifically, each of the electrodes 20, 22 is arranged in an opening 36, 38 passing through the wall 10 of the container. More specifically, the container comprises a tubular portion 40, 42 extending in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. More specifically, the tubular portion 40, 42 extends perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 4. The tubular portion 40, 42 defines the opening 36, 38. More specifically, the tubular portion 40, 42 is formed integrally with the container 4. More specifically, the electrodes 20, 22 are arranged in the tubular portion 40, 42 in a gastight manner to avoid leakage.

[0110] The ionization device 2 further comprises electrodes 46, 48 of a second electrode pair 44, which are arranged in the container 4 in a similar manner as described above with respect to the electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18. The second electrode pair 44 of the electrodes 46, 48 is arranged at a distance from the first electrode pair 18 of the electrodes 20, 22 in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. Each of the electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18 and the electrodes 46, 48 of the second electrode pair 44 is arranged in a portion of the container 4 having a constant cross section, with a distance between adjacent electrode pairs of about 30 mm. The power supply 28, 50 is adapted to charge each electrode 46, 48 of the second electrode pair 44 electrodes so that they have the same charge at the same time. In this way, a potential difference can be generated between each of the electrodes 46, 48 and the environment of the corresponding electrode, so that a discharge occurs from each of the electrodes, respectively. Therefore, the power supply 28, 50 is adapted to also provide such a voltage to the electrodes of the second electrode pair 44, which causes both electrodes 46, 48 to be positively charged at the same time, and thus emit / exchange electrons / positrons.

[0111] The arrangement is suitable for synchronizing the charging of electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 20 relative to electrodes 46, 48 of the second electrode pair 44, so that when electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 20 are positively charged, electrodes 46, 48 of the second electrode pair 44 are negatively charged, and vice versa.

[0112] The two transformers 28, 50 are identical and have the same natural frequency. By placing the transformers 28, 50 relatively close to each other, their frequency cycles will eventually become synchronized in the steady state, since they influence each other during operation due to the Hertz and frequency laws. They can therefore permanently operate at synchronized frequencies. This synchronization thus occurs spontaneously as soon as the transformers are switched on. According to an alternative, means of actively controlling the synchronization can be provided, for example by placing a unidirectional diode (a diode that synchronizes the direction of the current - sine or cosine wave) in the path of each outlet terminal.

[0113] Therefore, each transformer has two output terminals / poles, which are connected to the electrodes 20, 22; 46, 48 for charging the electrodes. When the potential reaches an amount sufficient for discharge, the above-mentioned discharge phenomenon will occur. More specifically, the first electrode 22 in the first electrode pair 18 and the first electrode 46 in the second electrode pair 44 are connected to opposite ends of the first transformer 28. In addition, the second electrode 20 in the first electrode pair 18 and the second electrode 48 in the second electrode pair 44 are connected to opposite ends of the second transformer 50.

[0114] The ionization device 2 further comprises a gas flow pumping device 52 for supplying a gas flow from a tank 54 of compressed air to the inlet 14 of the container 4. More specifically, the gas flow pumping device 52 is adapted to supply a gas flow to the container 4 at such a rate that the gas flow is conveyed through the electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18 so as to deflect at least a portion of the first arc structure downstream from the electrodes 20, 22 in the direction of the gas flow. More specifically, the gas flow pumping device 52 is adapted to supply a gas flow to the container at a gas flow rate in the range of 10 liters / minute to 12 liters / minute.

[0115] It can be noted that the device is not limited to the application of tanks for supplying gas. It can be a compressor or industrial blower using ambient air, etc.

[0116] Furthermore, the gas flow pumping device 52 is adapted to supply gas flow to the inlet 14 of the container 4 in a pulsed manner. The method comprises the step of supplying gas flow to the inlet 14 of the container 4 in a pulsed manner with a pulse duration of about 0.5 seconds, with a pause of about 1.5 seconds between consecutive pulses, see Fig.18 The curve graph in .

[0117] The outlet 16 of the container 4 is in fluid communication with a tank 56 containing a process liquid, such as industrial water or wastewater having strong aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. The pipeline connecting the outlet 16 and the tank 56 terminates in the lower region of the tank 56 so that the ionized gas can be supplied below the surface of the process liquid to separate inorganic substances or minerals (such as metals) by sedimentation, or to kill bacteria.

[0118] According to an alternative solution, the tank 56 is replaced by another device associated with air purification. The ionized gas leaving the outlet can be sprayed directly into the room to eliminate viruses, bacteria, odors, etc.

[0119] Another effect of pulsing is that less unionized air (O2) is sent to tank 56 per unit output volume. Unionized air may risk supporting aerobic bacterial growth, and it will compete with the ionized portion of the air. By pulsing, more ionized air is sent into the mixture per unit volume of output fluid compared to untreated air (O2).

[0120] Figure 6 1 is a schematic diagram of a device 102 for gas ionization according to a second embodiment. The ionization device 102 according to the second embodiment has many common parts with the ionization device 2 according to the first embodiment. For ease of introduction, only the main differences are explained below.

[0121] The ionization device 102 comprises a nozzle 104 arranged in the inlet 14 of the container 4. The nozzle 4 is adapted to rotate about an axis parallel to the axis of the inlet 14 for delivering the gas along a spiral path inside the container 4. The nozzle 104 comprises an end facing the inner chamber 12 of the container, the end having a radially outer surface defining a substantially annular cross-sectional shape matching the dimensions of the inner surface of the inlet 14. Furthermore, the nozzle 104 comprises a peripheral through-going channel adapted to generate a spiral flow inside the container 4.

[0122] The ionization device 102 further includes a first fluid flow guiding unit 106 arranged in the container 4. The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is arranged downstream of the first electrode pair 18. More specifically, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is arranged downstream of the second electrode pair 44.

[0123] The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is adapted to compensate for the pressure drop over the entire length of the container 4 by providing an obstacle to the gas flow. In this way, the second arc structure generated by the second electrode pair 44 can be as strong and stable as the first arc structure generated by the first electrode pair 18. More specifically, due to the first fluid flow guiding unit 106, the pressure in the container 4 is maintained or at least not significantly reduced. The distance between molecules is reduced, the residence time in the container is increased, and thus the ionization efficiency is increased. In addition, maintaining the pressure at a relatively high level may be important for delivering the fluid to the tank 56, because the liquid in the tank generates a back pressure that needs to be overcome.

[0124] Figure 7 is Figure 6 4 is a perspective view of a first fluid flow guiding unit 106 provided in a container 4. Figure 8 yes Figure 7 1. A front view of a first fluid flow guiding unit 106 in FIG. 1. The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 comprises at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108 having an outlet 110 circumferentially displaced relative to an inlet 112 for diverting a first portion of an incoming fluid flow. The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 further comprises a central fluid flow guiding channel 114 extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the elongated container 4 for guiding a second portion of the incoming fluid flow substantially in the longitudinal direction of the elongated container 4.

[0125] More specifically, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced peripheral fluid flow guiding channels 108, 118, 120. Furthermore, at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108, 118, 120 has a much larger size than the central fluid flow guiding channel 114 for conveying a significantly larger portion of the incoming fluid flow.

[0126] Furthermore, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 has a circular outer peripheral surface 122 which substantially corresponds to the curvature of the circular inner surface of the container 4 , wherein the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is arranged in the container 4 such that the circular surfaces contact each other in a fluid-tight manner.

[0127] More specifically, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is rigidly connected to the container 4 in the operating position, for example, by a weld. The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 can be formed of a material having the same or similar expansion coefficient as the container wall 10. According to one example, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is formed of glass. This creates a condition for rigidly connecting the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 to the container 4 by welding in the operating position.

[0128] More specifically, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 includes a body 124 defining at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108, 118, 120 and a central fluid flow guiding channel 114. More specifically, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is formed of a one-piece body 124.

[0129] At least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108, 118, 120 is open in the radial direction of the first fluid flow guiding unit 106. More specifically, at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108, 118, 120 is radially Figure 6 The wall 10 of the container 4 is closed.

[0130] The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 includes portions 126, 128, 130 circumferentially located between adjacent peripheral fluid flow guiding channels 108, 118, 120. The radially outer surfaces of these portions 126, 128, 130 of the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 define an annular shape having substantially the same size as the inner surface of the elongated container 4. The wall of each portion 126, 128, 130 faces the longitudinal direction of the container 4 for blocking a portion of the fluid flow. The total area of ​​the walls of the portions 126, 128, 130 is substantially the same as the cross-sectional area defined by the peripheral fluid flow guiding channels 108, 118, 120.

[0131] The first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is adapted to convey at least a first portion of the fluid along a spiral path inside the container 4 via at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel 108, 118, 120. Furthermore, the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is adapted to convey at least a second portion of the fluid along a substantially straight path inside the container via the central fluid flow guiding channel 114.

[0132] Fig. 9is a perspective view of a device 202 for gas ionization according to a third embodiment. The ionization device 202 according to the third embodiment has many common parts with the ionization device 102 according to the second embodiment. For ease of introduction, only the main differences are explained below.

[0133] The ionization device 202 includes a second fluid flow guiding unit 206. The two fluid flow guiding units 106, 206 are arranged spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. More specifically, the two fluid flow guiding units 106, 206 are arranged on opposite sides of the electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18. More specifically, the two fluid flow guiding units 106, 206 are arranged on opposite sides of the electrodes 20, 22 of the first electrode pair 18 and the electrodes 46, 48 of the second electrode pair 44. More specifically, the design of the second fluid flow guiding unit 206 is similar to that of the first fluid flow guiding unit 106, except that at least one peripheral fluid flow guiding channel of the second fluid flow guiding unit 206 is circumferentially turned in opposite directions. Therefore, the two fluid flow guiding units 106, 206 are identical in size, but have a mirrored design for changing the direction of fluid flow. In other words, the first of the two fluid flow guiding units 106, 206 is suitable for turning the fluid flow in a clockwise direction, while the other is suitable for turning the fluid flow in a counterclockwise direction.

[0134] Fig.10 Yes Fig. 9 A schematic top view of an ionization device 202 is shown, showing the fluid flow path. The peripheral fluid flow guiding channels 108, 118, 120 of the upstream first fluid flow guiding unit 206 are adapted to convey a first portion of the fluid flow in a spiral path 208 inside the container 4. Furthermore, the central fluid flow guiding channel 114 is adapted to convey a second portion of the fluid flow in a substantially straight path 210 inside the container parallel to the longitudinal direction of the container 4.

[0135] Fig.11 3 is a perspective view of components of the ionization device 2. The magnetic field generating device 304 is adapted to generate a magnetic field in the vicinity of the first electrode pair 18 for influencing the arc structure supporting the ionization of the gas. The magnetic field generating device 304 is arranged outside the container 4. This creates conditions for a long life of the magnetic field generating device 304, because it is not affected by the internal environment of the container 4 (friction and heat).

[0136] The magnetic field generating device 304 comprises at least one magnetic field generating unit 310. The magnetic field generating unit 310 is formed by an electromagnet 308. The electromagnet 308 comprises a coil suitable for passing an electric current. The electromagnet 308 is arranged so that the axis of the coil extends radially relative to the container 4. According to an optional solution, the magnetic field generating unit 310 is formed by a permanent magnet. The magnetic field generating unit is suitable for providing a magnetic field strength in the range of 20N-180N, in particular a magnetic field strength in the range of 20N-40N.

[0137] More specifically, the first magnetic field generating portion 305 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 around the container. According to the example shown, the first magnetic field generating portion 305 includes six circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 around the container. The number of magnetic field generating units 310 can of course be changed according to the application. In addition, each circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating unit 310 is formed by an electromagnet. According to an alternative, one or several or all circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 can be formed by permanent magnets.

[0138] Now also refer to Fig.12 , which is a perspective view of the first magnetic field generating portion 305. The first magnetic field generating portion 305 includes an annular support 312 extending around the container, wherein the annular support 312 is adapted to hold the circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating units 310 in their operating positions. Each circumferentially spaced magnetic field generating unit 310 is arranged such that its axis extends radially outward from the annular support 312.

[0139] Fig.13 yes Figure 1 4 is a partially cut-away front view of the ionization device 22. The annular support 312 is arranged very close to the outer wall surface of the container 4. More specifically, the inner diameter of the annular support 312 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the container 4.

[0140] refer to Fig.11 , the magnetic field generating device 304 includes a second part 307, which is arranged outside the container and is located downstream of the first electrode pair 18 in the longitudinal direction of the container 4, wherein the second magnetic field generating part 307 is suitable for generating a magnetic field near the first electrode pair for stabilizing the first arc structure. More specifically, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating part 307 is suitable for constraining the first group of arcs and making the arrangement of the arcs more orderly. In other words, the normalization of the arcs means that the arcs form a more symmetrical pattern at certain intervals, etc. In addition, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating part 307 affects the first group of arcs to increase the number of arcs and increase the thickness of the arcs. The second magnetic field generating part 307 is similar to the first magnetic field generating part 305 in structure and function.

[0141] Furthermore, the magnetic field generating device 304 includes a third portion 309, which is arranged outside the container and upstream of the second electrode pair 44 along the longitudinal direction of the container 4. Similar to the case where the first magnetic field generating portion 305 is suitable for generating a magnetic field near the first electrode pair 18, the third magnetic field generating portion 309 is also suitable for generating a magnetic field near the second electrode pair 44, and therefore will not be described in further detail here.

[0142] Fig.14 is a schematic top view of the magnetic field generating device 304, which schematically shows a portion 311 of the generated magnetic field. More specifically, Fig.14 There are shown magnetic fields generated by two opposing magnetic field generating units 310. Each of the other two opposing pairs of magnetic field generating units 310 generates a similar magnetic field.

[0143] Fig.15 is based on relative to Figure 2 A perspective view of an alternative design of container 404 of container 4. Container 404 and Figure 2 The difference between the container 404 and the container 404 is that the container 404 has another outlet 416. The other outlet 416 is arranged obliquely relative to the longitudinal direction of the container 404. More specifically, the other outlet 416 is arranged so that its axis is at an angle in the range of 30°-60° relative to the axis of the outlet 16, preferably about 45°. In addition, the other outlet 416 is arranged to extend from the hemispherical end 8 of the container 404. The arrangement of the two outlets 4, 404 creates conditions for dividing the ionized gas flow into two separate gas flows to reach different destinations. According to an example, one of the outlets 16, 416 can be fluidly connected to the inlet 14 for recycling a portion of the ionized fluid flow.

[0144] Fig.16 An ionization device 402 according to a fourth embodiment is shown, comprising Fig.15 It represents the fluid flow path inside the container 404. More specifically, the design and position of the first fluid flow guiding unit 106 is designed to convey a first part of the fluid towards the axial outlet 16 and a second part of the fluid towards the further second outlet 416.

[0145] As an alternative or supplement to the first fluid flow guiding unit 106, the ionization device 402 may further include a device for selectively guiding part of the fluid flow to the outlet 16, 416. According to one example, the fluid flow selective guiding device is suitable for attracting the negatively charged part of the fluid flow to another outlet 416. The fluid flow selective guiding device can be formed by another electrode acting as a cathode. Since electrons carry a negative charge and some ionized molecules / atoms carry a positive charge, the cathode can attract the negatively charged part of the fluid flow to another outlet 416 and can be used for another purpose (for example, returning to the inlet 14 or for other purposes). In this way, the axial main output (target ionization) in the axial outlet 16 is better purified. According to one option or supplement, an anode can be used to absorb the positively charged part of the fluid flow, depending on the purpose.

[0146] Fig.17 1 is a schematic partial cutaway perspective view of an ionization device 602 according to a fifth embodiment. The ionization device 602 according to the fifth embodiment has many common parts with the ionization device 2 according to the first embodiment. For ease of introduction, only the main differences are explained below.

[0147] The ionization device 602 comprises at least one light source 504, 506 adapted to irradiate the gas flow in the container, thereby supporting ionization of the gas. The light-matter interaction provides the phenomenon of Pair Production.

[0148] The light sources 504, 506 are strip-shaped and extend in the longitudinal direction of the container 4. The main extension of the strips of the light sources 504, 506 is in a straight line direction. More specifically, the two light sources 504, 506 are arranged relative to each other, that is, arranged at an interval of 180°. More specifically, the two light sources 504, 506 are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to each other. More specifically, the strip-shaped light source extends along most of the container 4, and in the example shown, extends substantially along the entire length of the container. The light sources 504, 506 are arranged outside the container 4. This creates conditions for the long life of the light source 504, because it will not be affected by the internal environment (friction and heat) of the container 4. Since the container wall is transparent, the radiation of the light source 504 can radiate the fluid flow.

[0149] At least one light source 504, 506 includes a plurality of light source units, which are arranged in a spaced relationship in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding strip. The light source 504, 506 can be a light emitting diode (LED) suitable for radiating ultraviolet (UV) light. According to an optional solution, a xenon lamp can be used. According to an example, the light source 504, 506 can be suitable for providing a light intensity in the range of 100 lumens-5600 lumens. The light intensity can be matched with the voltage magnitude provided to the electrode, wherein for a certain ionization effect, a lower voltage can be compensated by a higher light intensity.

[0150] According to an alternative, the light source may be a light bulb instead of a light bar.Other shapes and arrangements of the light source are also applicable.

[0151] The ionization device 602 includes Figure 1 The magnetic field generating device 304 shown. The ionization device 602 also includes a support structure 604 for supporting the container 4, the light source 504, 506 and the magnetic field generating device 304 at a predetermined position. More specifically, the support structure 604 includes two blocks 606, 608. The blocks 606, 608 are suitable for being positioned on top of each other. Each block 606, 608 includes a socket 610, 612 in a surface suitable for facing each other. The socket 610, 612 has an elongated extension that defines a semicircular cross-section for receiving the container 4. In addition, each block 606, 608 is designed with an internal chamber / socket for receiving the light source 504, 506 and the magnetic field generating device 304. In addition, each block 606, 608 is provided with a through hole 614 having a specific configuration for matching each other so as to receive bolts for fixing the blocks 606, 608 to each other. In addition, each block 606, 608 can also be adapted to receive the transformer 28, 50.

[0152] Fig.19 3 is a graph showing the available ionization energy for different pause / pulse ratios. As shown, any ratio below 3.3 (reduced by 0.33 for safety) is beneficial as a pulse feature. However, 3 is the best value. While avoiding the available ionization energy limit of 1500KJ / mol (conversion of 2*7.5kV at 20kHz frequency), the highest ionization efficiency is provided. This is due to the increased contact time during the pause by controlling the flow of the fluid with pulses.

[0153] Fig. 20 is a partially cutaway and exploded perspective view of an apparatus 702 for ionizing a fluid. The apparatus 702 includes Fig.11The ionization device 22 in the container 702 is arranged in a housing 714 having a generally cylindrical outer shape. The device 702 includes a generally flat rectangular wall 718 and a wall 720 having a generally semicircular cross-section, and the wall 720 is connected to the flat rectangular wall 718 in a manner that an internal space is defined between the walls 718, 720. The ionization device 22 is arranged in the internal space between the walls 718, 720. The transformers 28, 50 are arranged on both sides of the container 4 along the longitudinal direction of the container 4 and are connected to the electrodes 20, 22, 46, 48 as described above. In addition, the transformer is located in the internal space between the walls 718, 720.

[0154] Fig.21 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus 802 for ionizing a fluid according to an alternative solution of the first embodiment. The ionization apparatus 802 differs from the first embodiment in the structure of transformers 828, 850. More specifically, the secondary midpoint of the secondary winding is grounded.

[0155] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings; on the contrary, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

[0156] The use of the present invention for cleaning industrial process liquids has been described above. According to an alternative embodiment, the present invention can be used to clean wastewater, such as municipal wastewater. According to an alternative embodiment, the present invention can be used to clean air, such as the air in a building. The ionized gas can be used to eliminate organic and mineral impurities or contaminants. Such organic matter may be bacteria, viruses, other harmful microorganisms and some organic chemicals.

Claims

1. A method for ionizing a fluid, wherein the fluid is transported in a gaseous state inside an elongated container (4, 404), wherein the inner surface of the wall (10) of the elongated fluid container has an annular shape in a cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the container, wherein the inner diameter of the container (4, 404) is in the range of 10 mm-50 mm, wherein the electrodes (20, 22) of a first electrode pair (18) are arranged in the container opposite to each other and at a distance from each other in the transverse direction of the elongated container, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A voltage in the range of 2 kV to 15 kV, in particular a voltage in the range of 5 kV to 10 kV, preferably a voltage of about 7.5 kV, is provided to each electrode in the first electrode pair so that the electrode generates a discharge for ionizing the fluid, the fluid is supplied to the inlet of the container at a flow rate of 5 liters / minute to 80 liters / minute, at least a portion (334) of the discharge is deflected downstream in the flow direction of the fluid, and a magnetic field (311) is provided near the first electrode pair (18) to affect the structure of the discharge, thereby supporting the ionization of the fluid.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of high-frequency charging the electrodes (20, 22) in the first electrode pair (18) of the electrodes (20, 22) so that the electrodes discharge to form a plurality of independent half-arc structures, wherein the independent half-arc structures are generated simultaneously from each electrode (20, 22).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method includes the step of forming a plurality of independent half-arc structures, wherein the plurality of independent half-arc structures include a first group of half-arcs (334) deflected by fluid flow to downstream of the first electrode pair, and a second group of half-arcs (336) extending from the first electrode pair to upstream under the action of a magnetic field (311).

4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of charging each electrode (20, 22) in the first electrode pair (18) so that each electrode (20, 22) is simultaneously negatively or positively charged, thereby generating a potential difference between each electrode (20, 22) and the environment of the corresponding electrode, causing each electrode to discharge, wherein the method comprises delivering a fluid in gaseous form into a container during the charging process, passing through the first electrode pair (18) and through the environment of the corresponding electrode (20, 22) so as to ionize the fluid.

5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the inner wall of the elongated fluid container (34) is in the range of 10 mm - 30 mm, preferably in the range of 15 mm - 25 mm.

6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electrodes in the first electrode pair (18) are arranged at a distance from each other in the range of 2 mm-15 mm, in particular in the range of 2 mm-10 mm, and preferably in the range of 2 mm-4 mm.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electrode of the first electrode pair has an elongated shape with a sharp tip, and wherein the electrodes are arranged such that the sharp tips face each other.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein each electrode (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (18) has an elongated shape with a sharp tip defining an angle in the range of 20°-35°.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of providing a voltage with a frequency in the range of 10 kHz - 30 kHz, in particular about 20 kHz, to each electrode (20, 22) of the first electrode pair.

10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of supplying a fluid flow to an inlet (14) of a container (4, 404) at a fluid flow rate of 5-40 l / min, preferably 8-20 l / min.

11. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of supplying the fluid flow to the inlet (14) of the container (4, 404) in a pulsed manner.

12. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises delivering the fluid to the inlet (14) of the container (4, 404) in a pulsed manner, wherein the pulse duration is in the range of 0.25 seconds to 3.0 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 0.25 seconds to 10.0 seconds, in particular, the pulse duration is in the range of 0.4 seconds to 1.0 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 0.5 seconds to 5.0 seconds, more particularly, the pulse duration is 0.5 seconds, and the pause between consecutive pulses is 1.5 seconds.

13. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic field generating device (304) is arranged outside the container (4, 404) and is suitable for providing a magnetic field (311) near the first electrode pair (18) for influencing the first arc structure (34).

14. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of conveying at least a first portion of the fluid along a helical path inside a container (4, 404).

15. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of conveying at least a second portion of the fluid along a substantially straight path inside the container (4, 404) in a longitudinal direction of the container.

16. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of providing a pressure higher than 1.1 bar in the container during supply of voltage to the first electrode pair (18).

17. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the step of illuminating the fluid in the container by means of a light source (504, 506).

18. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) are arranged in the container (4, 404) opposite to each other and at a certain distance from each other, wherein the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) are arranged downstream of the first electrode pair (18) in the direction of fluid flow in the container and at a certain distance from the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (18), wherein the method includes the step of charging each electrode (46, 48) in the second electrode pair (44) so ​​that each electrode (46, 48) is negatively or positively charged at the same time, and synchronizing the charging of the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (20) relative to the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) so ​​that when the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (20) are positively charged, the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) are negatively charged, and vice versa.

19. A method according to claim 18, wherein the method includes the steps of connecting a first electrode of the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (18) and a first electrode of the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) to opposite ends of a first power supply (28), and connecting a second electrode of the electrodes (20, 22) of the first electrode pair (18) and a second electrode of the electrodes (46, 48) of the second electrode pair (44) to opposite ends of a second power supply (50).

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first power source (28) and the second power source are formed by two transformers which are identical in terms of high voltage and high frequency.

21. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the method comprises the step of providing a voltage amplitude to the first electrode pair to achieve selective ionisation.

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