Method for constructing field water-saving irrigation system mode in irrigation agricultural area

Abstract

The invention provides a method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system mode in an irrigation agricultural area, which realizes complete self-regulation and efficient utilization of water resources by constructing a trapezoidal water storage tank accounting for 4% of the irrigation area in a farmland. The natural digging depth of the water storage pond is 1.5 m, the filling height of the pond edge is 1.0 m, the water storage pond is lined with a waterproof plastic film, the volume of the water storage pond reaches 4.5-50 thousand m < 3 >, irrigation can be guaranteed to be conducted 3-5 times in the growth period of crops, the irrigation quota is 10-15 m < 3 > / mu, the irrigation period is shortened to be within 3 days, and the water supply guarantee rate is increased to 90% or above. According to the system, ultra-small flow drip irrigation belts are adopted, the laying length of one side reaches 200-350 m, the number of rotation irrigation sets for operation of a 1000-mu cultivated land irrigation system is reduced to 4-6, and high-frequency irrigation and fertilization and precise water and fertilizer integrated management are achieved. The irrigation water quality purification treatment level is improved, the burden of the combined filtering device is relieved, and technical guarantee is provided for upgrading automation and intelligent operation of a high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system in an irrigation agricultural area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area. Background Art

[0002] At present, surface water resources are widely used for farmland irrigation in irrigated agricultural areas. Water is taken from reservoirs or rivers, distributed to fields through irrigation canals, and then irrigated through water-saving irrigation systems. However, due to the uneven temporal and spatial distribution of surface water resources and the limited regulation capacity of reservoirs, the guarantee rate of water distribution system in irrigated agricultural areas is not high. The irrigation cycle and quota of water-saving irrigation methods are long, which inhibits the efficiency of water and fertilizer resource utilization in agricultural production irrigation and cannot give full play to the effectiveness of water-saving irrigation technology. In addition, the effect of water-fertilizer integration technology is also affected, especially in the large-scale operation and production mode of modern agriculture. It is difficult to guarantee precise irrigation and fertilization, and it is impossible to achieve automated irrigation and smart irrigation. These problems are particularly prominent in irrigated agricultural areas with scarce water resources, which seriously hinder the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the applicant proposed a method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and concept for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1 At the water supply metering point at the end of the ditches of the irrigation canal system in the irrigated agricultural area, a trapezoidal water storage tank accounting for 4% of the irrigation area is built along the original ditches. The natural excavation depth is 1.5m, and the pool soil is laid on the edge of the trapezoidal water storage tank. The filling height of the water storage tank is 1.0m. The width of the trapezoidal pool is 3-4m, the depth of the water storage tank is 2.5m, the width of the water storage tank is not more than 40m, and the width-to-length ratio of the water storage tank is 1:12.5-1:20. It is lined with waterproof plastic film, forming a fully regulated trapezoidal water storage tank for irrigation water resources during the crop growth period, with a water storage capacity of 45,000-50,000 m 3 .

[0007] S2 builds a water-saving irrigation (sprinkler, drip irrigation) system head control room next to the water storage tank. The system head can directly draw water from the water storage tank. The water storage capacity of the water storage tank can meet the irrigation of crops in the irrigated agricultural area for 3 to 5 times during the growth period. The irrigation quota is 10 to 15 m 3 / mu.

[0008] S3 uses drip irrigation belts (diameter 16, 22mm) with drippers inside and small flow (drip flow less than 0.35L / h, dripper spacing 30cm) for transformation and upgrading. The single-side laying length of the capillary tube of the drip irrigation system reaches 200-350m. The number of rotation irrigation groups in the irrigation system of 1,000 acres of cultivated land is reduced to 4-6 to achieve high-frequency irrigation and fertilization. The irrigation cycle can be controlled within 1 day, achieving quasi-continuous irrigation.

[0009] S4 achieves a water supply guarantee rate of more than 90% for irrigation water resources through the water-saving irrigation system constructed as above, improves the level of irrigation water purification, reduces the burden of water purification on the combined filter device of the high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system, and realizes real-time integrated water and fertilizer management. Compared with the existing drip irrigation system construction and operation mode, it improves agricultural irrigation water efficiency by more than 30%, saves more than 20% of fertilizer, saves more than 20% of water, improves operation and management efficiency by more than 5 times, increases crop yield by more than 10%, and reduces the construction cost of the irrigation system.

[0010] Optionally, the slope coefficient of the trapezoidal water storage tank is determined according to the soil type of the construction area to ensure the operational stability and safety of the water storage tank.

[0011] Optionally, the trapezoidal water storage tank in the method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area is built in the field. The water storage capacity meets the water demand requirement for the longest irrigation cycle formed by the existing water-saving irrigation area water supply system. The water storage capacity meets the real-time and complete regulation of precise irrigation and fertilization in crop production, and the water supply guarantee rate is increased to more than 90%.

[0012] Optionally, the connection between the head control room and the water storage tank of the water-saving irrigation system is designed to directly draw water, so as to reduce the loss during the water transmission process, realize the synchronization of irrigation and water supply, and improve the irrigation efficiency.

[0013] Optionally, the design of the extra-long arrangement of the capillary tube on one side of the drip irrigation system greatly reduces the number of irrigation rotation groups, reduces the intensity of manual operation and management, and improves the operation and management efficiency.

[0014] Optionally, the drip irrigation system operation mode can implement (realize) high-frequency management and control of integrated water and fertilizer, and the irrigation cycle can be controlled within 1-3 days, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources and increasing crop yields.

[0015] Optionally, the method can realize the automated irrigation and intelligent irrigation function upgrade of the efficient water-saving irrigation system in irrigated agricultural areas, providing technical support and water supply guarantee for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

[0016] Beneficial effects: 1. Greatly improved the irrigation water supply guarantee rate to more than 90%, which is on par with the well water supply guarantee rate.

[0017] 2. The level of irrigation water purification has been significantly improved, reducing the burden of water purification on the combined filtration device of the "high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system".

[0018] 3. The agricultural irrigation water efficiency is increased by more than 30%, fertilizer is saved by more than 20%, water is saved by more than 20%, operation and management efficiency is increased by more than 5 times, crop yield is increased by more than 10%, and the construction cost of the irrigation system is reduced. The "precision irrigation and fertilization" function of modern agricultural production is realized, and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources is improved.

[0019] 4. The existing "high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system" can be renovated or newly built according to the concept and model of this invention to achieve high-frequency irrigation and fertilization control and operation.

[0020] 5. The application of ultra-small flow and large inner diameter drip irrigation tape (tube) reduces the intensity of manual operation and management and improves the efficiency of operation and management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the specification, so that the technical content is clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned in the text.

[0023] In the drawings, components with the same structure are indicated by the same numerical reference numerals, and components with similar structures or functions are indicated by similar numerical reference numerals. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention does not limit the size and thickness of each component. In order to make the illustration clearer, the thickness of the components is appropriately exaggerated in some places in the drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The present invention aims at the problems existing in the application of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in current irrigated agricultural areas, especially in arid and semi-arid oasis agricultural areas, such as uneven temporal and spatial distribution of irrigation water resources, insufficient reservoir regulation capacity, low water transmission and distribution system guarantee rate, long irrigation cycle, large irrigation quota, and low water and fertilizer resource utilization efficiency. An innovative method for constructing a field water-saving irrigation system model in irrigated agricultural areas is proposed. This method significantly improves the irrigation water supply guarantee rate, realizes precise integrated water and fertilizer management, and promotes the sustainable development of modern agriculture by constructing a fully self-regulating water-saving irrigation system with an independent water storage tank. The specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0026] First, at the water metering point at the end of the ditches of the irrigation canal system in the irrigated agricultural area, a trapezoidal water storage tank is planned and built along the original ditches according to the proportion of the irrigated area (about 4% of the irrigated area). The design of the water storage tank must meet the following specific parameters.

[0027] Natural excavation depth: 1.5 meters, to ensure that the reservoir has a certain natural water storage capacity.

[0028] The width of the trapezoidal pool edge is 3 to 4 meters, which is convenient for construction and maintenance while ensuring the stability of the water storage tank structure.

[0029] The depth of the water tank is 2.5 meters, and the fill height of the water tank side is 1.0m. Combined with the natural excavation depth, sufficient water storage space is formed.

[0030] The width-to-length ratio of the water storage tank is 1:12.5 to 1:20, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual terrain and irrigation needs to maximize water storage efficiency.

[0031] Lining material: Use waterproof plastic film as the lining to ensure that the water storage tank is watertight and keep the water clean.

[0032] Volume calculation: According to the design parameters, the volume of the water storage tank should be controlled between 45,000 and 50,000 cubic meters to meet the irrigation water demand of the current water supply irrigation cycle during the growth period of crops in the irrigated agricultural area.

[0033] The construction process of the water storage tank must strictly comply with the water conservancy project construction specifications to ensure construction quality and safety. At the same time, the slope coefficient of the water storage tank must be determined according to the soil type of the construction area to enhance the stability and safety of the water storage tank.

[0034] The first control room of the water-saving irrigation system is located next to the water storage tank, which is convenient for direct water collection and management. The control room is equipped with an advanced irrigation control system, including key equipment such as water pumps, filters, fertilization devices, and start-up devices. The water pump is used to pump water from the water storage tank to the irrigation system, and the filter is used to purify the water quality to prevent impurities from clogging the irrigation pipes. The fertilization device can realize the integrated management of water and fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers.

[0035] The existing high-efficiency water-saving drip irrigation system can be upgraded according to the original underground pipe network conditions. Use drip irrigation tapes (diameter 16, 22mm) with drippers and small flow (drip flow less than 0.35L / h, dripper spacing 30cm) for laying. The single-side laying length of the drip irrigation system capillary tube reaches 200-350 meters to reduce the number of rotation irrigation groups and improve irrigation efficiency. The number of rotation irrigation groups can be reduced to 4-6, so that the irrigation cycle can be controlled within 1 day, achieving high-frequency irrigation and fertilization and quasi-continuous irrigation.

[0036] The following points should be noted when upgrading the drip irrigation system:

[0037] Pipe material: Choose corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant materials to ensure the long-term and stable operation of the drip irrigation system.

[0038] Pipeline layout: Reasonable layout is carried out according to the field shape and crop distribution to ensure irrigation uniformity and coverage.

[0039] Intelligent Control: Integrated intelligent irrigation controller automatically adjusts irrigation amount and time according to crop water demand and soil moisture.

[0040] Formulate a reasonable irrigation system based on factors such as crop types, growth stages, and climatic conditions. The irrigation system should include specific contents such as the number of irrigations, irrigation volume, irrigation time, and irrigation method. By accurately controlling the irrigation volume, fertilizer type, fertilizer amount, and irrigation time, the maximum utilization of water and fertilizer resources can be achieved.

[0041] Regularly monitor the water quality in the water storage tank and irrigation system to ensure that the water quality meets the irrigation requirements. If water quality problems are found, take timely treatment measures, such as cleaning filters, adding water quality regulators, etc. At the same time, strengthen the protection and management of irrigation water sources to prevent the invasion of pollution sources.

[0042] Regularly perform maintenance and upkeep on the water-saving irrigation system, including cleaning irrigation pipes, checking the operating status of equipment such as pumps and filters, and replacing worn parts, etc. Ensure that the system is in good working condition and improve irrigation efficiency and quality.

[0043] On the basis of the water-saving irrigation system, we further integrate advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence to achieve automatic control and intelligent management of the irrigation system. Through intelligent sensors, we monitor parameters such as soil moisture, crop growth status and meteorological conditions to provide a scientific basis for irrigation decisions. At the same time, we use big data analysis technology to optimize irrigation systems and management models to improve irrigation efficiency and water-saving effects.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0045] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1 At the water supply metering point at the end of the ditches of the irrigation canal system in the irrigated agricultural area, a trapezoidal water storage tank accounting for 4% of the irrigation area is built along the original ditches. The natural excavation depth is 1.5m, and the pool soil is laid on the edge of the trapezoidal water storage tank. The filling height of the water storage tank is 1.0m. The width of the trapezoidal pool is 3-4m, the depth of the water storage tank is 2.5m, the width of the water storage tank is not more than 40m, and the width-to-length ratio of the water storage tank is 1:12.5-1:

20. It is lined with waterproof plastic film, forming a fully regulated trapezoidal water storage tank for irrigation water resources during the crop growth period, with a water storage capacity of 45,000-50,000 m 3 . S2 builds a water-saving irrigation system head control room next to the water storage tank. The system head can directly draw water from the water storage tank. The water storage capacity of the water storage tank can meet the irrigation of crops in the irrigated agricultural area for 3 to 5 times during the growth period. The irrigation quota is 10 to 15 m 3 / mu. S3 uses small-flow drip irrigation belts with built-in drippers for transformation and upgrading. The single-side laying length of the capillary tube of the drip irrigation system reaches 200-350m. The number of rotation irrigation groups in the irrigation system of 1,000 acres of cultivated land is reduced to 4-6 to achieve high-frequency irrigation and fertilization. The irrigation cycle can be controlled within 1 day, achieving a quasi-continuous irrigation state. S4 achieves a water supply guarantee rate of more than 90% for irrigation water resources through the water-saving irrigation system constructed as above, improves the level of irrigation water purification, reduces the burden of water purification on the combined filter device of the high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system, and realizes real-time integrated water and fertilizer management. Compared with the existing drip irrigation system construction and operation mode, it improves agricultural irrigation water efficiency by more than 30%, saves more than 20% of fertilizer, saves more than 20% of water, improves operation and management efficiency by more than 5 times, increases crop yield by more than 10%, and reduces the construction cost of the irrigation system.

2. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope coefficient of the trapezoidal water storage tank is determined according to the soil type of the construction area to ensure the operation stability and safety of the water storage tank.

3. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trapezoidal water storage tank is built in the fields. The water storage capacity meets the water demand requirement of the longest irrigation cycle formed by the current water supply system of the water-saving irrigation area. The water storage capacity can meet the real-time and complete regulation of precise irrigation and fertilization in crop production, and the water supply guarantee rate is increased to more than 90%.

4. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mode between the head control room and the water storage tank of the water-saving irrigation system is designed to directly take water, so as to reduce the loss during the water transmission process, realize the synchronization of irrigation and water supply, and improve the irrigation efficiency.

5. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design of the drip irrigation system capillary tube (unit emitter flow rate is less than 0.35L / h) with one side extra-long arrangement greatly reduces the number of irrigation rotation groups, reduces the intensity of manual operation management, and improves the operation management efficiency.

6. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation system operation mode can implement (realize) high-frequency control of integrated water and fertilizer, and the irrigation cycle can be controlled within 1-3 days, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources and increasing crop yields.

7. The method for constructing a water-saving irrigation system model in an irrigated agricultural area field according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: This method can realize the automated irrigation and intelligent irrigation function upgrade of efficient water-saving irrigation systems in irrigated agricultural areas, providing technical support and real-time water supply guarantee for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

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