Attractant for paediatric female adults of pears and application of attractant

Abstract

The invention discloses a grapholitha molesta female adult attractant and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that existing sex pheromones can only trap male adults, the market is lack of grapholitha molesta female adult trapping means, and the attraction effect of walnut main volatile matters on grapholitha molesta is not reported yet. The attractant comprises nonanal, geranyl acetate, sorbate and beta-ocimene, has the characteristics of good attraction effect and no adverse effect on the environment, and is beneficial to maintenance of field ecology and promotion of development of green agriculture. The fruit moth trapping and killing agent is applied to an orchard, the trapping and killing effect on grapholitha moth is remarkable, the average trapping amount of grapholitha moth female adults reaches 50.83 + / -19.29 in 3 days, the grapholitha moth female adults can be effectively trapped, and the fruit moth trapping agent has wide practicability in the field of fruit borer prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pest control in forestry and fruit industry, and in particular to the technical field of an attractant for female imago of pear heartworm and its application. Background Art

[0002] The pear borer (Grapholita molesta) is a worldwide pest with a very wide host range and the habit of host transfer. In the walnut-peach mixed planting area of ​​Hotan County, the pear borer was found to damage walnuts. Its strong adaptability and complex life history make it difficult to control, resulting in the decline of walnut quality, loss of economic value, and even total crop failure. It has become an important factor restricting the development of the walnut industry in Hotan County, and has seriously affected the development of the walnut industry in the entire Hotan region and even the entire Xinjiang region.

[0003] In Hotan County, the pear borer mainly harms peach trees in the early stage, and then transfers to walnut fruits in the later stage. Long-term use of chemical methods to control the pear borer not only easily makes it resistant to pesticides, but also causes excessive pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and a series of problems such as destruction of ecological balance. Biological control has entered people's field of vision with its safe and pollution-free characteristics. Among them, the method of using sex pheromones to control the pear borer is particularly popular. However, sex pheromones can only trap male adults, while female adults lay eggs on leaves or fruits, causing serious damage to the fruits. Therefore, it is urgent to find a trapping method for female adults to effectively reduce the insect population and protect the fruits.

[0004] At present, most of the research on pear borer is conducted in pear and peach orchards. Previous researchers have found that pine acetic acid, E-β-ocimene, E-β-farnesene, nonanal and other substances have the effect of attracting pear borer adults, but the attraction of the main volatiles of walnut to pear borer has not been studied. Therefore, timely development of attractants for female pear borer suitable for walnut orchards can further control the population and prevent the spread of the population. At the same time, pear borer and codling moth occur together in walnut orchards in Hotan County, and no suitable control mode has been determined in walnut forests. Therefore, investigating the oviposition dynamics of female adults of pear borer and exploring the distribution pattern of adults of pear borer in walnut orchards, and establishing better control methods can achieve good control effects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems that the existing sex pheromones can only trap male adults, the market lacks means for trapping female adults of pear borer, and the attraction of the main volatiles of walnut to pear borer has not been reported, the present invention aims to provide an attractant for female adults of pear borer and its application. The attractant, which is prepared by volatiles screened from host plants, has a simple formula, a significant effect on trapping and killing pear borer, is safe for natural enemies and the environment, has a long effective period, and a high utilization rate. When applied in orchards, the average 3-day trapping amount of female adults of pear borer reaches 50.83±19.29 heads, which can effectively trap female adults of pear borer and has wide practicability in the field of fruit-boring pest control.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The invention provides an attractant for female imago of pear heartworms. The attractant comprises, by weight, 5 to 7 parts of nonanal, 4 to 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 to 8 parts of pear esters and 4 to 6 parts of beta-ocimene.

[0008] More preferably, the attractant for female imago of Pyrus serrata comprises, by weight, 5 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters and 6 parts of β-ocimene.

[0009] At the same time, the present invention provides a method for using a pear small heart eating female adult attractant, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) nonanal, geranyl acetate, pear ester and β-ocimene are stirred evenly to form a uniform liquid to obtain an attractant for use;

[0011] (2) Pour the attractant into a slow-release bottle;

[0012] (3) combining the slow-release bottle with the sticky insect board and the triangular trap to obtain a complete trap;

[0013] (4) Use thin iron wire to hang the traps on the branches of the walnut tree 3 meters above the ground, and the distance between adjacent traps should be more than 15 meters.

[0014] The sticky insect board is replaced every 3 days, and the attractant is replaced every 9 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention provides an application of an attractant for female imago of the pear heartworm in the preparation of an orchard pest control drug.

[0016] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention obtains the following technical effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention provides an attractant for female adults of the pear borer, comprising nonanal, geranyl acetate, pear esters and β-ocimene. The attractant is a volatile substance of a host plant of the pear borer and is used in conjunction with a sticky insect board and a triangular trap. The attractant has the characteristics of good attracting effect and no adverse effect on the environment, and is beneficial to maintaining field ecology and promoting the development of green agriculture.

[0018] (2) The present invention provides an attractant for adult pear borer and its application. Field monitoring found that a volatile compound prepared from 5 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters and 6 parts of β-ocimene had a better attraction effect, with an average capture rate of 50.83±19.29 female adults of pear borer in 3 days. This is a very potential trapping method for trapping pear borer in orchards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Shown is a curve chart showing the egg-laying dynamics of the pear borer in a walnut orchard. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Below, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the contents in the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. All raw and auxiliary materials selected in the present invention, as well as the reagents and equipment selected are conventionally selected in the art. All % involved in the present invention are weight percentages, unless otherwise specified.

[0021] Example 1: Oviposition dynamics of female Pyrus spp. in walnut orchards

[0022] The experimental site is located in a small team in Chaka Village, Layi Township, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, with a total walnut orchard area of ​​2hm 2 , the spacing between rows and plants was 6m×8m, the main varieties planted were 'Xinfeng', 'Zha 343', 'Xinxin 2', 'Wen 185', and the tree age was about 20 years old; the planting pattern of the two orchards was mixed, with wheat intercropped in the forest, the management pattern was relatively extensive, and the sanitary conditions were good. In the three walnut orchards, five walnut trees were randomly selected by the five-point sampling method, and three fruit-bearing branches were randomly surveyed in four directions of east, south, west, and north for each tree. The survey was conducted once every 5 days, and the number of eggs was recorded.

[0023] Pear borer was detected in walnut orchards in late June. Adults were mostly found on the back of leaves and fruits, with a small number on petioles and fruit stalks. Figure 1It can be seen that the number of eggs in the field gradually increased from early July to mid-July, reaching the peak of egg laying, and the proportion of eggs on the fruit increased; from late July to early August, the second generation of adults emerged and laid eggs, and the number of eggs in the field increased, but the fluctuation was not large; in mid-August, as the fruits began to be harvested, the adults moved to the late-ripening peach orchard. Combining the dynamics of field adult occurrence and egg occurrence, it can be concluded that the pear borer began to lay eggs in the walnut orchard at the end of June, and the number of eggs in the field gradually increased, and in early August, the number of eggs in the field began to gradually decrease.

[0024] Example 2: Observation on the spatial distribution of pear borer in walnut orchards

[0025] Since the newly hatched larvae of Lepidoptera insects have poor mobility, the oviposition location largely determines the damage range of the larvae of the pear borer, so this experiment selected borers for investigation to find out the distribution pattern of female adults in the field. In the walnut orchard, using the codling moth as the control insect, 10 walnut trees with basically the same tree height and tree vigor were randomly selected. Each sample tree was divided into 4 directions of east, south, west and north according to the 3 layers of upper, middle and lower by the stratified sampling method. The entire sample tree was divided into 12 resource units. 25 fruits were randomly surveyed in each resource unit, put into sealed bags, and brought back to the laboratory for peeling walnut fruits under a stereo microscope for observation. The number of pear borer and codling moth larvae in each resource unit was recorded, and a total of 15 sampling surveys were conducted.

[0026] The average population and distribution ratio of pear borer and codling moth (control insect) in the canopy, middle and lower layers and the east, south, west and north directions of walnut trees are shown in Table 1. Pear borer and codling moth are most distributed in the canopy layer at 49.07%, followed by the middle layer at 30.23%, and the lower layer at 20.70%. Different pest species occupy different forest layers. Codling moth is mainly distributed in the canopy layer at 55.99%, and the lowest in the lower layer at 15.98%. There are obvious differences between the upper layer and the middle and lower layers; pear borer is more distributed in the upper layer at 42.16%, the middle layer at 32.43% and the lower layer at 25.42%, with no difference. Among the four directions, the distribution of codling moth and pear borer was higher in the east (27.05%) and south (25.12%), and lower in the west (24.60%) and north (23.23%), with no difference among the directions.

[0027] Table 1 Spatial distribution of pear borer and codling moth in walnut tree crowns

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] Example 3: Study on the attracting effect of walnut volatiles on pear borer

[0031] According to existing research, α-farnesene, β-ocimene, nonanal, butyl caproate, myrcene and geranyl acetate in walnuts and pear esters, the main volatiles in pears, were selected to carry out field trapping experiments on pear borer. The experiments were carried out in 3 different experimental plots in Layika Township, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, starting before the peak of egg-laying in Example 1 and continuously monitored for 33 days.

[0032] When trapping adult pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used. 1 mL of different compounds were added to the bottle. Each slow-release bottle with added compounds was combined with a sticky insect board to form a trap. Since there was no significant difference in the distribution of pear borer in the middle and lower layers of the tree canopy, the trap was hung in the lower layer of the entire tree canopy, that is, 3 m from the ground. The trapped pear borer was brought back to the laboratory, and the morphology of the external genitalia at the end of the abdomen was observed using a dissecting microscope to distinguish between males and females. The total amount of insects trapped for each formula on each monitoring day was recorded. During the data recording period, the sticky insect board was replaced every 3 days, and the compound was replaced every 9 days. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0033] Table 2: The trapping effect of individual volatiles on adults of Pear Borer

[0034]

[0035] The one-way ANOVA analysis using SPSS software showed that the six volatiles showed significant differences in their attraction to P. oleracea (df=65, F=2.384, sig=0.049). As shown in Table 2, myrcene had the best trapping effect in the field, reaching 77.36±17.62 heads / 3d, while acacia volatiles had a poor trapping effect, only 13.91±8.02 heads / 3d. All six volatiles could trap P. oleracea in the field, of which females accounted for 72.59%, indicating that walnut volatiles were more attractive to female adults, and using walnut volatiles to trap P. oleracea in the field was a very promising trapping method.

[0036] Example 4: Orthogonal method for screening attractant formulations in the field

[0037] According to the analysis of the experimental results of Example 3, the above 6 volatiles with good trapping effects on pear borer were selected for field trapping tests with compound agents. According to the methods of Examples 1 and 2,

[0038] The experiment was conducted during the egg-laying period of the pear borer, and the trap was hung in the crown of the walnut tree at a height of 3m from the ground. This experiment was conducted in three different experimental plots in Layika Township, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, and the investigation was carried out for a total of 18 days. Using a slow-release bottle, different types of compound combinations were added to the bottle. Each slow-release bottle with added compounds was combined with a sticky insect board to form a trap. The total amount of insects attracted by each formula on each monitoring day was counted and recorded. During the data recording period, the sticky insect board was replaced every 3 days, and the compound was replaced every 9 days.

[0039] Table 3: Intuitive analysis table of orthogonal test for volatile screening

[0040] factor A B C D E F Average number of traps / head Experiment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 99.67±29.59 Experiment 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 71±28.47 Experiment 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 48.83±9.74 Experiment 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 64.67±16.37 Experiment 5 2 1 2 1 2 1 97±31.16 Experiment 6 2 1 2 2 1 2 97.33±34.1 Experiment 7 2 2 1 1 2 2 64.5±14.3 Experiment 8 2 2 1 2 1 1 83.5±25.02 K1 426.250 547.500 478.000 465.000 494.000 517.250 K2 513.500 392.250 461.750 474.750 445.750 422.500 Very bad 87.250 155.250 16.250 9.750 48.250 94.750

[0041] Note: In the table, A = farnesene, B = nonanal, C = β-ocimene, D = myrcene, E = pear ester, F = geranyl acetate; 1 means adding 0.5 mL of the compound, 2 means not adding

[0042] According to the data in the intuitive analysis table in Table 3, the range is B>F>A>E>C>D, indicating that in the trapping test of adult pear borer, the influence of each factor is ranked as nonanal>geranyl acetate>farnesene>pear ester>β-ocimene>myrcene; the mean 1 is ranked as B>F>E>C>D>A, indicating that the influence of adding the compound on the trapping amount is ranked as nonanal>geranyl acetate>pear ester>β-ocimene>myrcene>acasite; the mean 2 is ranked as A>D>C>E>F>B, indicating that the influence of not adding on the trapping amount is ranked as acaciaene>myrcene>β-ocimene>pear ester>geranyl acetate>nonanal.

[0043] Therefore, four substances with K1>K2, nonanal, geranyl acetate, pear esters and β-ocimene, were selected for the next step of formula optimization experiment.

[0044] Example 5: Optimization of the method for trapping female adults of pear borer and the formula of attractant in the field

[0045] According to the results in Example 4, nonanal, geranyl acetate, pear ester and β-ocimene were selected to carry out the formula optimization experiment, and the formula of the attractant was designed in Table 5. When luring female adults of pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier, and 5 to 7 parts of nonanal, 4 to 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 to 8 parts of pear ester and 4 to 6 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle, respectively, to form a uniform liquid, and then combined with sticky insect boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3m from the ground with fine iron wires, and the adjacent traps were more than 15m apart. The sticky insect boards were replaced every 3d, and the attractants were replaced every 9d, and a total of 18d of investigation was carried out. The trapped pear borer was brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0046] Table 5: Orthogonal experimental factors and level design table for volatile screening

[0047]

[0048] Example 6: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0049] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 5 parts of nonanal, 4 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 parts of pear esters, and 4 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The liquid was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0050] Example 7: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0051] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 5 parts of nonanal, 5 parts of geranyl acetate, 7 parts of pear esters, and 5 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The mixture was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished using a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0052] Example 8: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0053] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 5 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters, and 6 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The liquid was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0054] Example 9: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0055] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 6 parts of nonanal, 4 parts of geranyl acetate, 7 parts of pear esters, and 6 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The liquid was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0056] Example 10: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0057] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 6 parts of nonanal, 5 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters, and 4 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The liquid was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0058] Example 11: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0059] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 6 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 parts of pear esters, and 5 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The mixture was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished using a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0060] Example 12: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0061] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 7 parts of nonanal, 4 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters, and 5 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The liquid was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3m above the ground with thin wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15m. The sticky boards were replaced every 3d, and the attractants were replaced every 9d. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished with a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0062] Example 13: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0063] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 7 parts of nonanal, 5 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 parts of pear esters, and 6 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The mixture was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin iron wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished using a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0064] Example 14: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer and trapping method thereof in the field

[0065] When luring female adults of the pear borer, a slow-release bottle was used as a carrier. 7 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 7 parts of pear esters, and 4 parts of β-ocimene were added to the bottle to form a uniform liquid. The mixture was combined with sticky boards and triangular traps for trapping. The traps were randomly hung on branches of walnut trees about 3 meters above the ground with thin iron wires. The distance between adjacent traps was more than 15 meters. The sticky boards were replaced every 3 days, and the attractants were replaced every 9 days. The trapped pear borers were brought back to the laboratory and the sex was distinguished using a dissecting microscope, and the number of female adults was recorded.

[0066] Example 15: Optimization of attractant for female adults of pear borer

[0067] According to the range analysis table in Table 6, the order of priority of each influencing factor is A>D>B>C, that is, nonanal is the main influencing factor of the capture rate of pear borer adult attractant, followed by β-ocimene, geranyl acetate and pear esters. According to the results of k1, k2 and k3 values ​​of each factor, the optimal level combination of each factor is determined to be A1B3C3D2, that is, the optimized formula for the preparation method of the attractant for female adults of pear borer is: 5 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters and 6 parts of β-ocimene. The experimental results show that with this formula combination, the average capture rate of female adults of pear borer in 3 days reaches 50.83±19.29 heads.

[0068] Table 6: Intuitive analysis of the optimization of the formula for female adults of the pear borer

[0069] factor A B C D Average number of traps / head Experiment 1 1 1 1 1 45.17±20.64 Experiment 2 1 2 2 2 44±12.64 Experiment 3 1 3 3 3 50.83±19.29 Experiment 4 2 1 2 3 18±6.16 Experiment 5 2 2 3 1 25±10.79 Experiment 6 2 3 1 2 45±13.4 Experiment 7 3 1 3 2 43.67±22.46 Experiment 8 3 2 1 3 28.33±3.26 Experiment 9 3 3 2 1 33±7.14 K1 280.000 213.667 237.000 206.33 K2 176.000 194.667 190.000 265.33 K3 210.000 257.667 239.000 194.33 Very bad 104.000 63.000 49.000 71.000

[0070] The above-described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but rather represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pear small heart eating female adult attractant, It is characterized in that The formula of the attractant includes, by weight, 5 to 7 parts of nonanal, 4 to 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 6 to 8 parts of pear ester, and 4 to 6 parts of beta-ocimene.

2. The attractant for female imago of Pear sphaerocephala as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The attractant formula includes, by weight, 5 parts of nonanal, 6 parts of geranyl acetate, 8 parts of pear esters and 6 parts of beta-ocimene.

3. A method for using a pear small heart eating female adult attractant, It is characterized in that The specific steps include: (1) nonanal, geranyl acetate, pear ester and β-ocimene are stirred evenly to form a uniform liquid to obtain an attractant for use; (2) Pour the attractant into a slow-release bottle; (3) combining the slow-release bottle with the sticky insect board and the triangular trap to obtain a complete trap; (4) Use thin iron wire to hang the traps on the branches of the walnut tree 3 meters above the ground, and the distance between adjacent traps should be more than 15 meters.

4. A method for using the attractant for female imago of Pear sphaerocephala as claimed in claim 4, It is characterized in that The sticky insect board is replaced every 3 days, and the attractant is replaced every 9 days.

5. Use of a pear heartworm female adult attractant in the preparation of orchard pest control drugs.

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