Horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expansion particles and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles and a construction method. The horizontal anti-seepage structure comprises a clay protection layer, the self-expanding particles, a geotechnical cloth layer and a clay cushion layer. Through mutual cooperation of multiple layers of materials, the anti-seepage effect is enhanced, and a more stable and durable anti-seepage structure is provided. Due to the multi-layer design, the anti-seepage structure can better adapt to complex geological conditions, and the stable anti-seepage effect can be kept no matter in high-water-pressure and high-permeability soil or in karst geological areas. In addition, a self-repairing material is doped into the self-expansion particle layer, when the anti-seepage structure encounters stress or is damaged, the self-repairing material can automatically repair cracks, and the integrity of the anti-seepage layer is kept. The self-repairing function obviously improves the durability of the anti-seepage structure, and the long-term maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of anti-seepage structures, and in particular relates to a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of my country's economy and science and technology, the field of water conservancy engineering has made significant progress in solving the leakage problem in reservoir areas. Traditional dam anti-seepage technology has developed a variety of solutions, which are mainly divided into two categories: horizontal anti-seepage and vertical anti-seepage. After years of development, vertical anti-seepage technology has reached a relatively mature level and can effectively deal with leakage problems under various complex geological conditions. However, in anti-seepage work, horizontal anti-seepage technology and its construction methods still have some shortcomings that need to be solved.

[0003] At present, traditional horizontal anti-seepage technology mainly relies on bentonite waterproof blanket and geomembrane anti-seepage. Although these anti-seepage materials can prevent water leakage to a certain extent, their inherent polymer material properties, especially the geomembrane structure, completely block the material exchange between the overlying water and the soil. This completely closed structure has seriously damaged the habitat of aquatic plants and aquatic animals, which is not conducive to the balance and sustainable development of the aquatic ecosystem, and has an adverse impact on the positive cycle of the overall water environment.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles and a construction method, and solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles, comprising: a clay protective layer, self-expanding particles, a geotextile layer, a clay cushion layer, and an ecological protection layer; the self-expanding particle layer is laid below the clay protective layer; the geotextile layer is arranged below the self-expanding particle layer; the clay cushion layer covers below the geotextile layer; self-repairing materials are mixed into the self-expanding particle layer, and the ecological protection layer is arranged on top of the clay protective layer to provide an anti-seepage function and support the growth of aquatic plants.

[0007] Optionally, a root guiding membrane is provided in the ecological protection layer to guide the growth of plant roots and prevent them from penetrating the anti-seepage structure.

[0008] Optionally, the root guiding membrane is a multi-layer composite membrane made of high-density polyethylene, and micropores are arranged on opposite sides of the root guiding membrane.

[0009] Optionally, the self-expanding particles are composed of a gravel inner core and an organic mineral coating layer, and the particles are grayish white in appearance as a whole, with a particle size range of 7 to 15 mm and a loose particle shape. The outer organic mineral coating layer is usually dry, and the water-absorbing expansion layer has a thickness of 1 to 7 mm.

[0010] Optionally, the self-healing material is mixed by the following materials: epoxy resin accounts for 30% of the total weight, dichloromethane accounts for 40% of the total weight, polyvinyl chloride accounts for 20% of the total weight, paraffin accounts for 8% of the total weight, the cross-linking agent accounts for 1% of the total weight, Tween 80 accounts for 1% of the total weight, and the balance is deionized water.

[0011] Optionally, the method for preparing the self-healing material comprises the following steps: Step (1), dissolving epoxy resin in dichloromethane to form an epoxy resin solution with a concentration of 30%; Step (2), adding Tween 80 while stirring the epoxy resin solution, and after the epoxy resin solution and Tween 80 are evenly stirred, a composite solution ① is obtained; Step (3), dissolving polyvinyl chloride in dichloromethane to form a shell material solution with a concentration of 10%, and then adding glutaraldehyde to the shell material solution and stirring to obtain a composite solution ②; Step (4), slowly drop the composite solution ① into the composite solution ② to form a uniform emulsion, keep stirring, and gradually reduce the temperature to below 20° C., so that the polyvinyl chloride shell material gradually solidifies around the core repair agent to form microcapsules; Step (5), heating the paraffin wax to a molten state, then suspending the solidified microcapsules in a molten paraffin wax solution, performing an outer layer coating treatment and cooling the microcapsules coated with paraffin wax to room temperature to solidify the outer layer of paraffin wax to form microcapsules with a double-layer shell structure.

[0012] Optionally, the geotextile adopts a specification model of 300g / ㎡, and the overlap width between the geotextiles is not less than 35cm.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the clay cushion layer is 1-5 cm, the thickness of the self-expanding particle anti-seepage layer is 1-10 cm, and the thickness of the clay protection is 1-5 cm.

[0014] A construction method of a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles comprises the following steps: Step S1, cleaning the construction site, removing weeds, stones and other debris and vibrating the construction area using a vibrating compactor, followed by surface leveling; Step S2, exploring the channel, directly using self-expanding particles to pour into the small channel, and using a vibrator to insert and compact and level the channel during pouring; if there is a large channel, first compact and replace the area with small stones, and then lay the self-expanding particles of the corresponding thickness to vibrate and level the channel; Step S3, laying a 5 cm thick clay cushion layer on the treated foundation, selecting a 300 g / m2 geotextile, cutting it according to the size of the construction area, the overlap width between the geotextiles should be no less than 35 cm, laying the geotextile flat on the clay cushion layer, and after laying, using a light compaction equipment to lightly compact the geotextile to ensure that it fits tightly with the clay cushion layer; Step S4, mixing the self-expanding particles with the pre-prepared self-repairing material according to the designed ratio, putting the mixed self-expanding particles into the Green Bao "water-soluble environmental protection bag", and laying it on top of the geotextile; Step S5, laying a 5 cm thick clay protective layer on the geotextile layer, also laying it evenly and lightly compacting it; Step S6, laying a root guiding membrane on top of the clay protective layer and laying an ecological protection layer on the root guiding membrane, which layer supports the growth of aquatic plants and provides additional anti-seepage function.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described below at the same time: Through the cooperation of multiple layers of materials, the anti-seepage effect is enhanced, providing a more stable and durable anti-seepage structure. The multi-layer design enables the anti-seepage structure to better adapt to complex geological conditions, whether in high water pressure, highly permeable soil, or in karst geological areas, it can maintain a stable anti-seepage effect. In addition, by adding self-repairing materials to the self-expanding particle layer, when the anti-seepage structure encounters stress or damage, the self-repairing materials can automatically repair cracks and maintain the integrity of the anti-seepage layer. This self-repairing function significantly improves the durability of the anti-seepage structure and reduces long-term maintenance costs.

[0016] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described below are only some embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the anti-seepage structure; Figure 2 The following is a flow chart of the construction method.

[0018] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but are intended to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] See also Figure 1-2 As shown, in this embodiment, a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles is provided, including a clay protective layer, self-expanding particles, a geotextile layer, a clay cushion layer, and an ecological protection layer; the self-expanding particle layer is laid below the clay protective layer; the geotextile layer is arranged below the self-expanding particle layer; the clay cushion layer covers below the geotextile layer; the self-expanding particle layer is mixed with self-repairing materials, and the ecological protection layer is arranged on top of the clay protective layer to provide anti-seepage function and support the growth of aquatic plants. The self-expanding particles are packed into a 10cm thick "brick shape" by Green Bao's "water-soluble environmentally friendly bags". Putting the self-expanding particles into a "brick-shaped" bag can make the shape and size of the particles uniform, which is convenient for handling and laying during construction. This standardized size can help construction workers lay the particle layer quickly and accurately, improving construction efficiency.

[0021] In this embodiment, a root-guiding membrane is provided in the ecological protection layer to guide the growth of plant roots and prevent them from penetrating the anti-seepage structure. The root-guiding membrane is a multilayer composite membrane made of high-density polyethylene, and micropores are provided on the opposite sides of the root-guiding membrane. By providing a root-guiding membrane in the ecological protection layer, the plant roots can be effectively prevented from penetrating the anti-seepage structure, and the damage to the anti-seepage layer caused by the growth of the root system can be prevented, thereby ensuring the long-term stability and effectiveness of the anti-seepage structure. The root-guiding membrane can guide the plant roots to grow along a specific path and prevent them from expanding to the anti-seepage layer or other key structural areas. This guiding effect helps the plant roots to expand in a suitable soil layer and promote the healthy growth and stability of the plants. The root-guiding membrane not only prevents adverse root penetration, but also allows water, air and nutrients to pass through its microporous design, thereby providing the necessary growth conditions for the plant roots. This design ensures the compatibility of plants with the anti-seepage structure, so that the anti-seepage project can meet the needs of the ecological environment at the same time. Through the physical barrier effect of the root-guiding membrane, the anti-seepage structure can avoid the invasion and damage of plant roots, thereby extending the service life of the entire structure. This is especially important in projects that need to maintain anti-seepage effects for a long time, such as reservoirs, dams, etc.

[0022] In this embodiment, the self-expanding particles are composed of a gravel core and an organic mineral coating layer. The particles are grayish white in appearance, with a particle size range of 7 to 15 mm, and are in a loose granular state. The outer organic mineral coating layer is usually dry and easily absorbs water and expands through chemical principles. The thickness of the water-absorbing and expanding layer is 1 to 7 mm. When a certain amount of expanding particles gather together, they are easy to stick together, resulting in a reduction in the seepage channel, a gradual decrease in the flow rate, and a continuous improvement in the anti-seepage effect with the continuous growth of time. The standard permeability coefficient of self-expanding particles is in the order of 10-8 cm / s, so the anti-seepage performance is extremely effective even in very thin cases.

[0023] In this embodiment, the self-healing material is mixed by the following materials: epoxy resin accounts for 30% of the total weight, dichloromethane accounts for 40% of the total weight, polyvinyl chloride accounts for 20% of the total weight, paraffin accounts for 8% of the total weight, cross-linking agent accounts for 1% of the total weight, Tween 80 accounts for 1% of the total weight, and the balance is deionized water.

[0024] Epoxy resin is used as a repair material to fill cracks and solidify when the microcapsules are broken; polyvinyl chloride is the main shell material, providing waterproofness and mechanical strength; paraffin is used for the outer layer of the double-layer coating to enhance the hydrophobicity of the microcapsules; the cross-linking agent is used to enhance the density and strength of the shell layer; Tween 80 is used to emulsify the shell material and the repair agent to control the particle size and distribution of the microcapsules. Dichloromethane is used to dissolve epoxy resin and shell materials to form a uniform solution; deionized water is used as a dispersion medium and solvent.

[0025] In this embodiment, the method for preparing the self-repairing material comprises the following steps: Step (1), dissolving epoxy resin in dichloromethane to form an epoxy resin solution with a concentration of 30%; forming a polyvinyl chloride shell material on the outer layer of the epoxy resin, and further coating the outer layer with paraffin to form a double-layer shell structure. This multi-layer coating design can significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the microcapsule, making it more durable and less prone to rupture during handling and application.

[0026] Step (2), adding Tween 80 while stirring the epoxy resin solution, and after the epoxy resin solution and Tween 80 are evenly stirred, a composite solution ① is obtained; Step (3), dissolving polyvinyl chloride in dichloromethane to form a shell material solution with a concentration of 10%, and then adding glutaraldehyde to the shell material solution and stirring to obtain a composite solution ②; Step (4), slowly drop the composite solution ① into the composite solution ② to form a uniform emulsion, keep stirring, and gradually reduce the temperature to below 20°C, so that the polyvinyl chloride shell material gradually solidifies around the core repair agent to form microcapsules; by effectively wrapping and protecting the epoxy resin repair agent, it is ensured that when cracks or damage occur, the repair agent can be released at the most needed position to provide targeted repair. This method avoids the diffusion or premature release of the repair agent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the self-healing material.

[0027] Step (5), heating the paraffin wax to a molten state, then suspending the solidified microcapsules in the molten paraffin wax solution, performing an outer layer coating treatment and cooling the microcapsules coated with paraffin wax to room temperature, so that the outer layer of paraffin wax solidifies, and forming microcapsules with a double-layer shell structure. The double-layer structure design allows the repair agent of the microcapsule to be released on demand when needed. For example, when a crack occurs, the outer layer of paraffin wax may break first, while the inner layer of polyvinyl chloride continues to control the release rate of the repair agent, ensuring the durability and effectiveness of the repair effect.

[0028] In this embodiment, the geotextile adopts a specification of 300g / ㎡, and the overlap width between the geotextiles is not less than 35cm.

[0029] In this embodiment, the thickness of the clay cushion layer is 1-5 cm, the thickness of the self-expanding particle anti-seepage layer is 1-10 cm, and the thickness of the clay protection is 1-5 cm.

[0030] A construction method of a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles comprises the following steps: Step S1, cleaning the construction site, removing weeds, stones and other debris and vibrating the construction area using a vibrating compactor, followed by surface leveling; Step S2, exploring the channel, directly using self-expanding particles to pour into the small channel, and using a vibrator to insert and compact and level the channel during pouring; if there is a large channel, first compact and replace the area with small stones, and then lay the self-expanding particles of the corresponding thickness to vibrate and level the channel; Step S3, laying a 5 cm thick clay cushion layer on the treated foundation, selecting a 300 g / m2 geotextile, cutting it according to the size of the construction area, the overlap width between the geotextiles should be no less than 35 cm, laying the geotextile flat on the clay cushion layer, and after laying, using a light compaction equipment to lightly compact the geotextile to ensure that it fits tightly with the clay cushion layer; Step S4, mixing the self-expanding particles with the pre-prepared self-repairing material according to the designed ratio, putting the mixed self-expanding particles into the Green Bao "water-soluble environmental protection bag", and laying it on top of the geotextile; Step S5, laying a 5 cm thick clay protective layer on the geotextile layer, also laying it evenly and lightly compacting it; Step S6, laying a root guiding membrane on top of the clay protective layer and laying an ecological protection layer on the root guiding membrane, which layer supports the growth of aquatic plants and provides additional anti-seepage function.

[0031] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the enlightenment of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The technology, shape, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles, It is characterized in that It includes a clay protective layer, self-expanding particles, a geotextile layer, a clay cushion layer and an ecological protection layer; the self-expanding particle layer is laid under the clay protective layer; the geotextile layer is arranged under the self-expanding particle layer; the clay cushion layer covers under the geotextile layer; self-repairing materials are added to the self-expanding particle layer, and the ecological protection layer is arranged on the top of the clay protective layer to provide anti-seepage function and support the growth of aquatic plants.

2. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A root guiding membrane is arranged in the ecological protection layer to guide the growth of plant roots and prevent them from penetrating the anti-seepage structure.

3. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The root-guiding membrane is a multi-layer composite membrane made of high-density polyethylene, and micropores are arranged on opposite sides of the root-guiding membrane.

4. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The self-expanding particles are composed of a gravel core and an organic mineral coating layer, and the overall appearance of the particles is grayish white, with a particle size range of 7 to 15 mm and a loose granular shape. The outer organic mineral coating layer is usually dry, and the water-absorbing expansion layer is 1 to 7 mm thick.

5. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The self-healing material is mixed by the following materials: epoxy resin accounts for 30% of the total weight, dichloromethane accounts for 40% of the total weight, polyvinyl chloride accounts for 20% of the total weight, paraffin accounts for 8% of the total weight, a cross-linking agent accounts for 1% of the total weight, Tween 80 accounts for 1% of the total weight, and the balance is deionized water.

6. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The preparation method of the self-healing material comprises the following steps: Step (1), dissolving epoxy resin in dichloromethane to form an epoxy resin solution with a concentration of 30%; Step (2), adding Tween 80 while stirring the epoxy resin solution, and after the epoxy resin solution and Tween 80 are evenly stirred, a composite solution ① is obtained; Step (3), dissolving polyvinyl chloride in dichloromethane to form a shell material solution with a concentration of 10%, and then adding glutaraldehyde to the shell material solution and stirring to obtain a composite solution ②; Step (4), slowly drop the composite solution ① into the composite solution ② to form a uniform emulsion, keep stirring, and gradually reduce the temperature to below 20° C., so that the polyvinyl chloride shell material gradually solidifies around the core repair agent to form microcapsules; Step (5), heating the paraffin wax to a molten state, then suspending the solidified microcapsules in a molten paraffin wax solution, performing an outer layer coating treatment and cooling the microcapsules coated with paraffin wax to room temperature to solidify the outer layer of paraffin wax to form microcapsules with a double-layer shell structure.

7. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The geotextile adopts the specification of 300g / ㎡, and the overlap width between geotextiles shall not be less than 35cm.

8. A horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The thickness of the clay cushion layer is 5 cm, the thickness of the self-expanding particle anti-seepage layer is 10 cm, and the thickness of the clay protection is 5 cm.

9. A construction method for a horizontal anti-seepage structure based on self-expanding particles, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step S1, cleaning the construction site, removing weeds, stones and other debris and vibrating the construction area using a vibrating compactor, followed by surface leveling; Step S2, exploring the channel, directly using self-expanding particles to pour into the small channel, and using a vibrator to insert and compact and level the channel during pouring; if there is a large channel, first compact and replace the area with small stones, and then lay the self-expanding particles of the corresponding thickness to vibrate and level the channel; Step S3, laying a 5 cm thick clay cushion layer on the treated foundation, selecting a 300 g / m2 geotextile, cutting it according to the size of the construction area, with the overlap width between the geotextiles not less than 35 cm, laying the geotextile flat on the clay cushion layer, and after laying, lightly compacting the geotextile using a light compaction equipment; Step S4, mixing the self-expanding particles with the pre-prepared self-repairing material according to the designed ratio, putting the mixed self-expanding particles into the Green Bao "water-soluble environmental protection bag", and laying it on top of the geotextile; Step S5, laying a 5 cm thick clay protective layer on the geotextile layer, also laying it evenly and lightly compacting it; Step S6, laying a root guiding membrane on top of the clay protective layer and laying an ecological protection layer on the root guiding membrane, which layer supports the growth of aquatic plants and provides additional anti-seepage function.

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