Counterweight energy-saving method for gate

Abstract

According to the counterweight energy-saving method for the gate, a steel cable is wound on a rotating shaft of the counterweight gate, the ends of the steel cable are connected with a gate body and a counterweight body respectively, and the weight of the counterweight body is multiplied by the length of an arm of the counterweight body; 2 * the weight of the gate * the length of a force arm of the gate, the optimal energy-saving effect of opening and closing the gate is obtained by calculating the product or ratio relation of the weight of the counterweight body and the gate body, the length of the force arm and the maximum liftable height, and the force arm of the counterweight body is the distance from the axis center line of the rotating shaft to the acting line of the gravity of the counterweight body; and the gate body arm is the distance from the shaft center line of the rotating shaft to the action line of the gravity of the gate body. The rotating shaft is wound with a steel cable with the end connected with the gate body and the balance weight body correspondingly, the product or ratio relation of the weight of the balance weight body and the gate body, the length of a force arm and the maximum liftable height is calculated, the optimal energy-saving effect of gate opening and closing is obtained, and therefore the driving force requirement and the energy consumption requirement of the gate are greatly reduced; and the purposes of reducing driving force and reducing energy consumption are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a counterweight energy-saving method for a gate. Background Art

[0002] The gate used in the field of water conservancy projects is a control facility for closing and opening the drainage channel. It can be used to intercept water flow, control water level, adjust flow, discharge sediment and floating objects, etc. The gates currently used are generally hoisted by steel cables or driven by the relative rotation of screws to make the gates rise or fall reciprocating motion. For the steel cable driven gate, the rotating shaft of the rotating mechanism is driven by the motor to rotate. When the rotating shaft rotates, the steel cable fixed on the rotating shaft is wound or released on the rotating shaft, thereby shortening or increasing the length of the steel cable between the rotating shaft and the gate body, and realizing the lifting or closing of the gate. In this process, the motor drives the rotating shaft of the rotating mechanism to rotate. When the gate is lifted, the motor rotates forward, driving the rotating shaft to rotate forward, the length of the steel cable wrapped on the rotating shaft increases, the steel cable between the gate and the rotating shaft becomes shorter, the gate is lifted, and the power mechanism needs to overcome the entire gravity of the gate to do work in order to lift the gate; when the gate is lowered, the motor rotates in the opposite direction, the length of the steel cable wrapped on the rotating shaft decreases, and the steel cable between the gate and the rotating shaft becomes longer. The gate drops at a certain speed when the buffer torque provided by the motor is balanced with the gate gravity torque. During the descent, the motor needs to provide a buffer torque to resist the gate gravity torque and keep the gate at a certain speed. Otherwise, the gate will hit the bottom frame due to stall descent, causing an accident. Because the current cost of motor energy recovery is too high, the gravitational potential energy released during the gate descent is wasted.

[0003] In an environment with abundant electricity, the energy consumption of gate opening and closing is not a prominent problem. However, in the wild where the power supply is relatively scarce, such as in an environment powered by solar energy or batteries, electricity is particularly precious. Saving electricity means that the gate can operate normally or work longer. Therefore, in an environment with relatively scarce electricity supply, a gate that can save energy is needed to close and open for water stopping and water discharge operations. Summary of the invention

[0004] A counterweight energy-saving method for a gate of the present invention obtains the best energy-saving effect for opening and closing the gate by winding a steel cable whose ends are respectively connected to a gate body and a counterweight body on a rotating shaft, and calculating the product or ratio relationship between the weight of the counterweight body and the gate body, the length of the lever arm, and the maximum lifting height, thereby greatly reducing the driving force demand and energy consumption demand of the gate, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the driving force and reducing energy consumption.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a counterweight energy-saving method for a gate, a steel cable is wound on the rotating shaft of the gate, and the ends of the steel cable are respectively connected to the gate body and the counterweight body, wherein the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body force arm <2 * the weight of the gate * the length of the gate force arm; by calculating the product or ratio between the weight of the counterweight body and the gate body, the length of the force arm, and the maximum lifting height, the optimal energy-saving effect of opening and closing the gate is obtained; the counterweight body force arm is the distance from the axial centerline of the rotating shaft to the line of action of the weight of the counterweight; the gate body arm is the distance from the axial centerline of the rotating shaft to the line of action of the gate body weight.

[0006] In some optional embodiments, the connection method between the steel cable, the counterweight body and the gate body during the gate opening and closing process includes: A: The counterweight and gate body are connected to the steel cable through pulleys; B: The counterweight and gate body are connected by a steel cable directly wound around the rotating shaft; C: The counterweight and gate body are connected by a rope winder; D: The counterweight body and the gate body are connected by a steel cable with one end fixed on the rotating shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, for connection method A, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is 1:1; For connection method B, the ratio of gate arm to counterweight arm is 1:1; For connection method C, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is the diameter of the rope winder connected to the gate body: the diameter of the rope winder connected to the counterweight body; For connection method D, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is the diameter of the rotating shaft where the gate body steel cable is fixed: the diameter of the rotating shaft where the counterweight body steel cable is fixed.

[0008] Preferably, when the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body arm = the weight of the gate * the length of the gate arm, the energy saving effect of the counterweight is optimal. In this case: Gate body lever arm length: gate body maximum lifting (lowering) height = counterweight lever arm length: counterweight maximum lowering (lifting) height.

[0009] Gate body lever arm length: gate body lifting (descending) height = counterweight lever arm length: counterweight descending (lifting) height.

[0010] Gate body lever arm length: gate body lifting (lowering) speed = counterweight lever arm length: counterweight lowering (lifting) speed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. The present invention obtains the best energy-saving effect of gate opening and closing by winding a steel cable whose ends are respectively connected to the gate body and the counterweight body on a rotating shaft, and calculating the product or ratio relationship between the weight of the counterweight body and the gate body, the length of the lever arm, and the maximum lifting height, thereby greatly reducing the driving force demand and energy consumption demand of the gate, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing driving force and reducing energy consumption.

[0012] 2. Since the present invention no longer requires a power mechanism to overcome the huge gate gravity or buffer force of the gate in each link of the gate operation, the service life of the power mechanism is extended, and manual opening and closing is more time-saving and labor-saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight gate in the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: gate body 1, counterweight body 2, drive motor 3, reducer 4, rotating shaft 5, steel cable 6. Implementation

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementations.

[0016] See also Figure 1In the present invention, the counterweight gate includes a gate frame, a gate body 1, a lintel, left and right columns and a bottom beam to form a gate frame. Usually, it can also include a power mechanism, which includes a reducer 4, a drive motor 3 is connected to the reducer 4, and the power mechanism is placed on the lintel. In the present application, the power mechanism includes a drive motor 3, and the drive motor 3 can also be connected to the reducer 4. The high-speed rotating power shaft of the drive motor 3 is connected to the reducer 4 through a coupling. For each rotation of the power shaft of the drive motor 3, the turbine gear in the reducer 4 rotates one tooth angle, which plays a role in increasing the torque. A screw or a rack can also be connected to the gate body 1, and the screw or rack is driven by the power mechanism to drive the gate body 1 up and down. In order to simplify the problem and facilitate explanation, it is assumed here that the weight of the counterweight is equal to the weight of the gate body, and the length of the counterweight arm is equal to the length of the gate body arm. The rise of the gate body 1 drives the counterweight 2 to descend at the same speed through the rotating mechanism; when the drive motor 3 brakes, the reducer 4 stops running, the gate body 1 stops rising synchronously, and the counterweight 2 stops falling synchronously; during the rising process of the gate body 1, the descending height of the counterweight 2 is equal to the lifting height of the gate body 1. When the drive motor 3 rotates in the opposite direction, the screw or rack descends to drive the gate body 1 to descend, and the gate body 1 descends and drives the counterweight 2 to rise at the same speed through the rotating mechanism. When the drive motor 3 brakes, the reducer 4 stops running, the gate body 1 stops descending synchronously, and the counterweight 2 stops rising synchronously; during the descending process of the gate body 1, the lifting height of the counterweight 2 is equal to the descending height of the gate body 1.

[0017] The steel cables 6 on both sides of the rotating shaft 5 in the rotating mechanism are connected to the gate body 1 on one side and the counterweight body 2 on the other side. When the weight relationship between the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 is: the weight of the gate body 1 * the arm length of the gate body 1 = the weight of the counterweight body 2 * the arm length of the counterweight body 2, the counterweight energy-saving gate achieves the best energy-saving effect.

[0018] From the perspective of force, the gravity exerted on the counterweight body 2 is converted into a pulling force to lift the gate body through the rotating shaft 5, and the gravity exerted on the gate body is converted into an upward pulling force on the counterweight body 2 through the rotating shaft 5. When the weight of the gate body 1 * the length of the lever arm of the gate body 1 = the weight of the counterweight body 2 * the length of the lever arm of the counterweight body 2, the rotating shaft 5 realizes torque balance: the upward pulling force exerted on the gate body 1 is equal to the gravity of the gate body 1, and the upward pulling force exerted on the counterweight body 2 is equal to the gravity of the counterweight body 2, and the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 are respectively balanced in force; when the weight of the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are equal, the upward pulling force exerted on the gate body and the upward pulling force exerted on the counterweight body 2 are equal in magnitude, and both are equal to the gravity exerted on the gate body. Since the gravity of the gate body 1 and the gravity of the counterweight 2 are both borne by the rotating shaft 5, the power mechanism is no longer required to overcome the huge gravity or buffering force of the gate body 1 during the starting, running and braking stages of the gate opening and closing process. The power mechanism only needs to provide a smaller driving force during the starting stage of the gate body 1 to overcome the friction of each link and enable the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to obtain a certain initial velocity. During the running stage of the gate body 1, it only needs to overcome the friction of each link to maintain the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to rise and fall at a certain speed. During the braking stage of the gate body 1, a smaller buffering force is provided to cooperate with the friction of each link as resistance, so that the gate is braked quickly, easily avoiding the possible stalling of the gate body 1 during the descent process and causing impact on the bottom beam.

[0019] From the perspective of the torque on the rotating shaft 5, the gravity on the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 generates torques on the rotating shaft 5 in opposite directions. When the weight of the counterweight 2 is equal to the arm length of the counterweight 2, the sum of the torques on the rotating shaft 5 is zero, the rotating shaft 5 reaches a torque balance state, and the energy-saving effect of the counterweight is optimal. During the starting, running and braking stages of the gate opening and closing process, the power mechanism is no longer required to overcome the torque of the huge gravity of the gate body 1 on the rotating shaft 5. The power mechanism only needs to provide a smaller driving torque during the starting stage of the gate body 1 to overcome the friction of each link and enable the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to obtain a certain initial velocity. During the running stage of the gate body 1, it only needs to overcome the torque generated by the friction of each link to maintain the lifting and lowering of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 at a certain speed. During the braking stage of the gate body 1, a smaller buffer torque is provided to cooperate with the friction of each link as a resistance torque, so that the gate is braked quickly, easily avoiding the possible stalling during the descent of the gate body 1 and causing accidents. The power mechanism only needs to output a very small torque to break the torque balance state of the rotating shaft 5, and the rotating shaft 5 can drive the gate and the counterweight to move up and down, thereby reducing the torque that the power mechanism needs to apply to the rotating mechanism when opening and closing the gate.

[0020] From the perspective of energy conversion, when the weight of gate body 1 * the length of gate body 1 arm = the weight of counterweight 2 * the length of counterweight 2 arm, according to the gravitational potential energy calculation formula: P=mgh, P represents gravitational potential energy, m represents mass, and h represents height. The height of the lifting of counterweight 2 * the weight of counterweight 2 * g and the lifting height of gate body 1 * the weight of gate body 1 * g are equal, that is, the potential energy values ​​increased by counterweight 2 and gate body 1 are equal. Since the lifting height of counterweight 2 is in opposite directions to the lifting height of gate body 1, one is positive and the other is negative, and the sum of the two is zero.

[0021] The counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 rise and fall relative to each other, and the speeds of the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 during the relative rise and fall process are equal and opposite, so the lifting height of the counterweight 2 is equal to the lifting height of the gate body 1. According to the gravity potential energy calculation formula P=mgh, P represents gravity potential energy, m represents mass, g represents gravity acceleration, and h represents height; the gravity potential energy reduced by the counterweight 2 is equal to the gravity potential energy increased by the gate body 1; when the gate body 1 descends, the gravity potential energy of the gate body 1 decreases, and the counterweight 2 is lifted, and the gravity potential energy increases. Similarly, the gravity potential energy increased by the counterweight 2 is equal to the gravity potential energy reduced by the gate body 1. Therefore, in the process of opening and closing the gate body 1, the power mechanism only needs to provide an initial velocity to the counterweight 2 and the gate, and output very little energy to realize the opening and closing of the gate, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the power mechanism during the opening and closing of the gate.

[0022] There are many ways to implement the counterweight body 2. The first is to treat the counterweight body 2 as a whole. When the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are made of the same material, the length or width of the counterweight body 2 needs to be changed. Generally, when the height of the counterweight body 2 is smaller than the height of the gate body 1, the width of the counterweight body 2 can be changed to meet the requirement that the weight of the counterweight body 2 is equal to the weight of the gate body 1. Therefore, this method requires widening the width of the left and right columns of the gate frame to meet the gap between the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 that are relatively lifted up and down. The second method is to treat the counterweight body 2 as a whole. The counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are made of different materials. The material density of the counterweight body 2 is greater than the material density of the gate body 1, so as to meet the requirement that the height of the counterweight body 2 is smaller than the height of the gate body 1. In this application, please refer to Figure 1, the gate body 1 is made of aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and other materials, the counterweight body 2 can be made of galvanized cast iron, surface treated ordinary steel, lead and other materials with high density and low price, and the height of the counterweight body 2 is smaller than the height of the gate body 1. The third way is that the counterweight body 2 is composed of a counterweight body 2 bearing platform and a counterweight object. The bearing platform is made of aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and other materials, retaining a certain basic weight; the counterweight object is made of cast iron, ordinary steel, lead blocks with high density and low price, cast or forged into rectangular counterweight objects of different weight specifications, and its width can match the bearing platform to facilitate manual handling, and can be counterweighted according to the actual weight of the gate body 1. The number of counterweight objects can be one or more, and the weight of the counterweight body 2 can be increased or decreased according to the actual needs of the project.

[0023] When the weight of gate body 1*arm length of gate body 1=weight of counterweight 2*arm length of counterweight 2, the rotating mechanism and rotating shaft 5 are in a state of moment balance, and the upward pulling force of steel cable 6 on gate body 1 on one side of the rotating mechanism is equal to the gravity of gate body 1; the pulling force of steel cable 6 on counterweight 2 on the other side of the rotating mechanism is equal to the gravity of counterweight 2. Although the two forces may not be equal in magnitude, the force balance of gate body 1 and counterweight 2 is achieved. When the weight of counterweight 2 is equal to the weight of gate body 1, the two forces are equal in magnitude. Since the gravity of the gate body 1 and the gravity of the counterweight 2 are both borne by the rotating shaft 5, during the starting, running and braking stages of the gate lifting process, the power mechanism is no longer required to overcome the huge gravity of the gate body 1, nor is it required to overcome the gravity of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to perform work; the power mechanism only needs to provide a smaller driving force during the starting stage of the gate body 1 to overcome the friction of each link and enable the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to obtain a certain initial upward velocity; during the running stage of the gate body 1, it only needs to overcome the friction of each link to maintain the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 rising at a certain speed; during the braking stage of the gate body 1, it provides a smaller buffering force to cooperate with the friction of each link as resistance, so that the gate can be braked quickly.

[0024] During the starting, running and braking stages of the gate closing process, the power mechanism no longer needs to overcome the huge buffering force of the gate body 1. The power mechanism only needs to provide a smaller driving force during the starting stage of the gate body 1 to overcome the friction of each link and allow the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 to obtain a certain downward initial velocity. During the running stage of the gate body 1, it only needs to overcome the friction of each link to maintain the descent of the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 at a certain speed. During the braking stage of the gate body 1, a smaller buffering force is provided to cooperate with the friction of each link as resistance, so that the gate is braked quickly, easily avoiding possible stalling during the descent of the gate body 1 and causing accidents.

[0025] In practical applications, the opening space of the gate cannot be limited just for energy saving. Therefore, when the weight of the gate body 1 and the gate lifting space are determined, the weight of the counterweight body 2 and the size of the force arm connecting the counterweight body 2 should be determined in combination with the maximum lifting height of the counterweight body 2. The selection can be made according to the following conditions: the maximum height that the gate body 1 can be lifted (lowered) * the weight of the gate body = the maximum height that the counterweight body 2 can be lowered (lifted) * the minimum weight of the counterweight body 2; based on this condition, the minimum weight of the counterweight body 2 can be estimated. In actual design, the weight of the counterweight body 2 must be greater than the minimum weight, otherwise the gate cannot be closed in place when the counterweight body reaches the highest height. When the maximum height that the counterweight 2 can be lowered (raised) is determined, the minimum weight of the counterweight can be calculated according to the selection formula: the maximum height that the gate body 1 can be raised (lowered) * the weight of the gate body 1 = the maximum height that the counterweight 2 can be lowered (raised) * the minimum weight of the counterweight 2 = the maximum height that the gate body 1 can be raised (lowered) * the weight of the gate body 1 / the maximum height that the counterweight 2 can be lowered (raised). In actual operation, it is necessary to determine the maximum height that the counterweight 2 can be lowered (raised) and the weight of the counterweight 2 in combination with actual conditions, and it is not necessary to take extreme values.

[0026] During the rising and falling process of the gate body 1, as well as during the starting and braking process of the gate body 1, the output of the power mechanism is mainly used to overcome the friction of each link and to give the gate body 1, the counterweight body 2 and the rotating shaft 5 a small amount of kinetic energy. Compared with the gravitational potential energy of the two, the kinetic energy of the gate and the counterweight body 2 can be ignored. After adding the counterweight body 2, the overall mass increases, and the extra energy consumed during the startup process to accelerate to the initial velocity, that is, the kinetic energy of the counterweight body 2 can be ignored. It can be seen that in each link of the gate's starting, rising, falling, and braking, the sum of the gravitational potential energy of the counterweight body 2 and the gate remains unchanged. If there is no special acceleration, the gate and the counterweight body 2 are always in a state of balance. To lift the gate, the power mechanism only needs to provide a very small torque to break the balance between the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 and give the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 a certain initial velocity. Then the power mechanism only needs to overcome the friction of each link to keep the gate body 1 rising at a certain speed. To close the gate, the power mechanism only needs to apply a very small torque to break the balance between the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2, giving the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 a certain initial velocity. Then the power mechanism only needs to overcome the friction of each link to keep the gate descending at a certain speed; during the rising process of the gate, the power mechanism no longer overcomes the gate gravity to do work like the previous solution; when the gate is braked down, the power mechanism no longer needs to resist the huge gravity buffer force of the gate. Since the gravitational potential energy of the counterweight body 2 and the gravitational potential energy of the gate are converted into each other, the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the power mechanism during the opening and closing of the gate is achieved.

[0027] In the present application, the connection method between the steel cable 6, the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 during the gate opening and closing process includes: A: The counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are connected to the steel cable 6 through a pulley; B: The counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are connected through the steel cable 6 directly wound around the rotating shaft 5; C: The counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are connected to the steel cable 6 through a rope winder; D: The counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are respectively connected through a steel cable 6 with one end fixed on the rotating shaft 5.

[0028] Furthermore, for connection method A, the ratio of the gate body 1 lever arm to the counterweight body 2 lever arm is 1:1; for connection method B, the ratio of the gate body 1 lever arm to the counterweight body 2 lever arm is 1:1; for connection method C, the ratio of the gate body 1 lever arm to the counterweight body 2 lever arm is the diameter of the rope winder connected to the gate body 1: the diameter of the rope winder connected to the counterweight body 2; for connection method D, the ratio of the gate body 1 lever arm to the counterweight body 2 lever arm is the diameter of the rotating shaft 5 at the fixing point of the steel cable 6 connecting the gate body 1: the diameter of the rotating shaft 5 at the fixing point of the steel cable 6 connecting the counterweight body 2.

[0029] The following is a simple estimate of the actual energy consumption of the gate opening and closing before and after the counterweight energy-saving solution is adopted. Because after the counterweight energy-saving solution is adopted, the load of the power mechanism is increased and reduced, and the internal friction is reduced by the same factor; and the friction between the rope winder added in this solution and the steel cable 6 is rolling friction, and the friction force can be ignored, so the calculation process ignores the work done by friction.

[0030] The energy consumption and friction force before and after adopting this counterweight energy-saving solution are theoretically compared and calculated as follows: Pre-conditions: Weight of gate body 1: m=1000Kg, accelerate it to v=2mm / s (the opening and closing speed of gates on the market is 1mm / s to 1.5mm / s), lifting height: 5m.

[0031] Calculation formula A: Calculation of energy consumption required without using this counterweight energy-saving solution: When this counterweight energy-saving solution is not adopted, the minimum energy consumption required is the sum of the kinetic energy E of the gate body 1 when the gate body 1 is raised to the target height and the increased gravitational potential energy P. The minimum energy required to accelerate the gate from rest to v=2mm / s is the kinetic energy E of the gate body 1, which is calculated as follows: v=2mm / s=0.002m / s E=1 / 2*m*v²=1 / 2*1000Kg*0.002m / s*0.002m / s=0.002J (Joule) The increased gravitational potential energy P of the gate body 1 is calculated as follows: P = mgh = 1000Kg * 9.8N / Kg * 5m = 49000J = 49kJ (kilojoules), Ignoring the work done by friction, the total energy consumption required is E+P=49000J+0.002J=49000.002J (joules).

[0032] Calculation formula B: Calculation of energy consumption required after adopting this counterweight energy-saving solution: The minimum energy consumption required is the sum of the kinetic energy E of the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 and the increased gravitational potential energy P of the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 when the gate body 1 is raised to the target height, which are calculated as follows: (Assume that the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 are of equal weight) When the counterweight energy-saving solution is not adopted, only the gate moves. After the counterweight energy-saving solution is adopted, the counterweight body 2 and the gate move at equal and opposite speeds, and their kinetic energies are: E gate = 1 / 2 * m * v² = 1 / 2 * 1000Kg * 0.002m / s * 0.002m / s = 0.002J (Joule) E weight 2 = 1 / 2 * m * v² = 1 / 2 * 1000Kg * (-0.002m / s) * (-0.002m / s) = 0.002J (Joule) The total kinetic energy is: E = E gate + E counterweight 2 = 0.002 J (Joule) + 0.002 J (Joule) = 0.004 J (Joule), The total increase in kinetic energy is: E = E gate + E counterweight 2 = 0.004 J + 0 = 0.004 J (joule), The gravitational potential energy added by the gate body 1 is: P gate = mgh = 1000Kg * 9.8N / Kg * 5m = 49000J = 49kJ (kilojoules), The gravitational potential energy of the counterweight 2 is increased by -5m when the counterweight 2 descends. P counterweight 2 = mgh = 1000Kg * 9.8N / Kg * (-5m) = -49000J = -49kJ (kilojoules), The sum of the gravitational potential energy of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 combined after the gate body 1 is raised by 5m is: P=Pgate+Pcounterweight2=49000J+(-49000J)=0J.

[0033] It can be seen that after adopting the counterweight energy-saving solution, lifting the gate only requires very little energy consumption from the power mechanism.

[0034] Calculation formula C: Before and after the use of this counterweight energy-saving solution, the torque that the power mechanism needs to provide to the rotating shaft 5 when the gate is opened and closed is calculated as follows: (Note: Assume that the radius of the rotating shaft 5 is r=0.05m, and ignore the rotational inertia and friction of the rotating mechanism itself) The moment of inertia of the combination composed of the gate body 1 connected to the rotating shaft 5 through the steel cable 6 around the rotating shaft 5 is: J=m gate*r², The gate body 1 is accelerated upward at an acceleration of 1 mm / s² and stops accelerating after 2 seconds. The torque that the power mechanism needs to provide to the rotating shaft 5 is calculated as follows: 1mm / s²=0.001m / s², The gate body 1 is accelerated upward at an acceleration of 1 mm / s², and the angular acceleration of the rotating shaft 5 with a radius of r=0.05 m is: α=(0.001m / s²) / 0.05m=0.02rad / s², When this counterweight energy-saving solution is not adopted, the torque M that the power mechanism needs to provide satisfies: M-mg*r=J*α (g is the acceleration due to gravity), M=J*α+mg*r, M=1000Kg*0.05m*0.05m*0.02rad / s²+1000kg*9.8N / kg*0.05m, M=0.05N*m+490N*m=490.05N*m (Nm), After adopting this counterweight energy-saving solution, the torque M that the power mechanism needs to provide satisfies (assuming that the weight of the counterweight body and the gate are equal, and the length of the counterweight body arm is equal to the length of the gate arm): J gate = m gate * r², J weight body = m weight body * r², M=J gate*α gate+J counterweight*α counterweight (g is the acceleration due to gravity, α gate and α counterweight are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, J gate=J counterweight), M=J gate*(α gate+α counterweight) M=J gate*0rad / s², M=0N*m (Newton meter), From this calculation, it can be seen that the counterweight energy-saving solution proposed in the present invention greatly reduces the torque requirement of the power mechanism during the opening and closing process of the gate.

[0035] From the calculation of the energy consumption and torque required for opening and closing the front and rear gates using the above counterweight energy-saving scheme, it can be seen that after adopting the counterweight energy-saving scheme, not only the opening and closing torque required for opening and closing the gate is greatly reduced, but also the energy consumption required is greatly reduced. Through theoretical calculations, it can be seen that after adopting the counterweight energy-saving scheme, ignoring the friction force, the gate opening and closing only needs to give the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 a small driving force. After overcoming the friction force and giving the gate and the counterweight body 2 a certain initial velocity, the power mechanism only needs to overcome the friction of each link to keep the gate from rising and falling at a certain speed. Since the gate and the counterweight body 2 have extremely small lifting speeds when they are working, the kinetic energy is extremely small. When the friction force is ignored, the energy consumption required for opening and closing the gate is close to zero.

[0036] Furthermore, the weight and arm length of the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 can achieve the best energy-saving effect when the following conditions are met: (i) Gate body weight * gate body lever arm length = counterweight body weight * counterweight body lever arm length; when this equation is satisfied, it can be inferred that: 1. Gate body lifting (lowering) height * Gate body weight = Counterweight lowering (lifting) height * Counterweight weight 2. Gate body lifting (lowering) speed * gate body weight = counterweight lowering (lifting) speed * counterweight weight Furthermore, when the maximum lifting height of the gate body 1 and the maximum lifting height of the counterweight body 2 are determined, the reference values ​​of the gate body 1 lever arm length and the counterweight body 2 lever arm length can be calculated according to the following conditions, and then the weight reference value of the counterweight body 2 can be calculated according to formula (I): (ii) Gate body 1 lever arm length: gate body maximum lifting height = counterweight lever arm length: counterweight maximum lifting height; The arm length includes: for the case where the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are connected to the steel cable 6 through a rope winder, the arm length of the gate body 1 is the radius of the rope winder connecting the gate body 1, and the arm length of the counterweight body 2 is the radius of the rope winder connecting the counterweight body 2; for the case where the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are respectively connected through a steel cable 6 fixed at one end on the rotating shaft 5, the arm length of the gate body 1 is the radius of the circular cross-section of the rotating shaft 5 at the place where the steel cable 6 connecting the gate body 1 is fixed, and the arm length of the counterweight body 2 is the radius of the circular cross-section of the rotating shaft 5 at the place where the steel cable 6 connecting the counterweight body 2 is fixed; for the case where the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 are connected directly with the steel cable 6 wound around the rotating shaft 5, the arm length of the gate body 1 and the arm length of the counterweight body 2 are equal, both of which are the radius of the circular cross-section of the rotating shaft 5 at the place where the steel cable 6 is wound.

[0037] In the calculation scheme provided by the present invention, the arm length of the counterweight body 2 is equal to the arm length of the gate, and the weight of the counterweight body 2 is equal to the weight of the gate. Therefore, the product of the weight of the counterweight body 2 and the arm length of the counterweight body 2 is equal to the product of the weight of the gate body 1 and the arm length of the gate body 1, which is the best feasible scheme.

[0038] In some feasible implementations, it is not possible to ensure that the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body arm = the weight of the gate body * the length of the gate body arm, where the arm of the counterweight body 2 is the distance from the axis centerline of the rotating shaft 5 to the line of action of the gravity of the counterweight body 2; the arm of the gate body 1 is the distance from the axis centerline of the rotating shaft 5 to the line of action of the gravity of the gate body 1. In this case, there are two cases for analysis: (i) When the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body arm < the weight of the gate body * the length of the gate body arm: from the perspective of force, the gravity of the counterweight body 2 is converted into a pulling force to lift the gate through the rotating shaft 5. This pulling force is smaller than the gravity of the gate and cannot lift the gate; the gravity of the gate is converted into an upward pulling force on the counterweight body 2 through the rotating shaft 5. This pulling force is larger than the gravity of the counterweight body 2. If there is no power mechanism to intervene, the counterweight body 2 will be lifted to the highest position; from the force torque analysis of the rotating shaft 5, in this case, since the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 are both unbalanced, the power mechanism needs to be in the counterweight body. By providing a torque on both sides, the rotating shaft 5 can achieve torque balance, and the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 can achieve force balance; the torque that the power mechanism needs to supplement is: (gate body weight * gate body arm length - counterweight weight * counterweight arm length) * g, g is the acceleration of gravity, which is obviously smaller than the torque that the power mechanism needs to overcome when there is no counterweight 2: gate body weight * gate body arm length * g. When the counterweight weight * counterweight arm length < gate body weight * gate body arm length, the use of this counterweight energy-saving solution partially saves the torque required by the power mechanism. From the perspective of energy conversion and work done by the power mechanism, in this case, the potential energy of the counterweight 2 is not enough to lift the gate body 1 to the following height, which can be based on the formula: Gate lifting height * Gate weight = Counterweight descending height * Counterweight weight. The calculated gate lifting height requires the power mechanism to supplement some energy. The minimum energy supplemented by the power mechanism is calculated as follows: The work W done by the power mechanism on the gate body 1 is the gravitational potential energy required when the gate body is lifted minus the gravitational potential energy that the counterweight can provide to the gate: The gravitational potential energy required by the gate body is: E gate = gate weight * g * gate lifting height The gravitational potential energy that the counterweight can provide is: E counterweight = weight of counterweight * g * height of counterweight descent The energy required for the power mechanism to do work is: W = E gate - E counterweight W = gate weight * g * gate lifting height - counterweight weight * g * counterweight lowering height W = (gate weight * gate lifting height - counterweight weight * counterweight lowering height) * g Obviously: W < gate weight * gate lifting height * g Therefore, when the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body arm < the weight of the gate body * the length of the gate body arm, the counterweight energy-saving gate does not achieve the optimal torque saving and energy-saving effect, but compared with the case without counterweight energy saving, it reduces the torque demand and energy consumption demand for the power mechanism.

[0039] Further analysis: When the weight of the gate body * the length of the gate body's lever arm < the weight of the counterweight * the length of the counterweight's lever arm < 2 * the weight of the gate body * the length of the gate body's lever arm: at this time the counterweight is overweight, and during the gate closing process, the gravitational potential energy of the gate body is not enough to raise the counterweight to the proper position.

[0040] The gravitational potential energy of the gate body is: E gate body = gate body weight * gate body drop height * g E counterweight = weight of counterweight * height of counterweight rise * g The additional work W required for the power mechanism is: W = E counterweight - E gate body W = weight of counterweight * height of counterweight rise * g - weight of gate body * height of gate body fall * g W = (weight of counterweight * height of counterweight rise - weight of gate body * height of gate body fall) * g Because: weight of counterweight * height of counterweight rising <2 * weight of gate body * height of gate body falling Therefore: W = (weight of counterweight * height of counterweight rising - weight of gate body * height of gate body falling) * g < (weight of gate body * height of gate body falling) * g.

[0041] Similarly, when the gate body weight * gate body lever arm length < counterweight body weight * counterweight body lever arm length < 2 * gate body weight * gate body lever arm length, the counterweight energy-saving gate does not achieve the optimal torque saving and energy-saving effects, but compared with the case without counterweight energy saving, it reduces the torque demand and energy consumption demand for the power mechanism.

[0042] For this unbalanced combination, when the gate is lifted, the gravity potential energy provided by the counterweight is greater than the gravity potential energy required by the gate body, and the excess will also cause a buffer burden on the power mechanism, which should be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, it should be ensured that the weight of the counterweight * the height of the counterweight rising = the weight of the gate body * the height of the gate body falling.

[0043] In this case, from the perspective of force, the gravity of the counterweight 2 is converted into a pulling force for lifting the gate through the rotating shaft 5, and the pulling force is greater than the gravity of the gate; the gravity of the gate is converted into an upward pulling force on the counterweight 2 through the rotating shaft 5, and the pulling force is less than the gravity of the counterweight 2. If there is no intervention of the power mechanism, the gate body 1 will be lifted to the highest position; from the perspective of the force torque of the rotating shaft 5, in this case, since the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 are both unbalanced, the power mechanism needs to provide a supplementary torque on the gate side to achieve torque balance of the rotating shaft 5, that is, The force balance between the counterweight 2 and the gate body 1 is achieved; the torque that the power mechanism needs to supplement is: (counterweight weight * counterweight arm length - gate body weight * gate body arm length) * g. Since the counterweight weight * counterweight arm length > gate body weight * gate body arm length and the counterweight weight * counterweight arm length < 2 * gate body weight * gate body arm length, the required supplementary torque of the power mechanism is less than the gate body weight * gate body arm length * g, thereby partially saving the torque and energy consumption required by the power mechanism.

[0044] From the above further analysis, it can be seen that when the weight of the counterweight body * the rising height of the counterweight body>=2*the weight of the gate body*the descending height of the gate body, the energy that the power mechanism needs to supplement is greater than or equal to the energy required to raise the gate body, and such a combination has no practical value.

[0045] Based on the above analysis, when the gate body weight*gate body force arm length < counterweight body weight*counterweight body force arm length <2*gate body weight*gate body force arm length, this counterweight energy-saving scheme can achieve energy-saving effect; when the gate body weight*gate body force arm length = counterweight body weight*counterweight body force arm length, the counterweight energy-saving effect reaches the best.

[0046] The counterweight energy-saving steel cable 6 of the present invention drives the gate. When the product of the weight of the counterweight body 2 and the length of the lever arm of the counterweight body 2 is equal to the product of the weight of the gate body 1 and the length of the lever arm of the gate body 1, the counterweight body 2 and the gate body 1 achieve force balance, and the rotating shaft 5 achieves torque balance. The counterweight body 2 cooperates with the rise or fall of the gate to provide the gate body 1 with an upward pulling force or a downward buffering force, and at the same time stores the gravitational potential energy released during the descent process of the gate body 1 or provides gravitational potential energy for the rising process of the gate body 1. The combination of the gate body 1 and the counterweight body 2 achieves conservation of gravitational potential energy during the lifting and lowering process of the gate body 1. Since the gravity of the gate body 1 and the gravity of the counterweight 2 are both borne by the rotating shaft 5, during the starting, running and braking stages of the gate opening and closing process, the power mechanism is no longer required to overcome the huge gravity or buffering force of the gate body 1, nor is it required to overcome the gravity of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to do work; the power mechanism only needs to provide a smaller driving force during the starting stage of the gate body 1 to overcome the friction of each link and allow the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to obtain a certain initial velocity; during the running stage of the gate body 1, it only needs to overcome the friction of each link to maintain the lifting and lowering of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 at a certain speed; during the braking stage of the gate body 1, a smaller buffering force is provided to cooperate with the friction of each link as resistance, so that the gate is braked quickly, easily avoiding possible stalling during the descent of the gate body 1 and causing accidents. Since the power mechanism is not required to overcome the gravity of the gate body 1 and the counterweight 2 to do work, the driving force demand and energy consumption demand of the gate are greatly reduced, thereby reducing the energy consumption demand of the power mechanism during the opening and closing process of the gate, potentially increasing the standby time of the power mechanism, and also greatly reducing the physical energy consumption of manually lifting and lowering the gate, thereby increasing the manual speed.

[0047] In addition, when the counterweight weight * counterweight arm length = gate body weight * gate body arm length cannot be guaranteed, as long as the product of the counterweight 2 weight and the counterweight 2 arm length can be guaranteed to be less than twice the product of the gate body 1 weight and the gate body 1 arm length, the energy-saving effect can still be achieved. Of course, the smaller the difference between the counterweight weight * counterweight arm length and the gate body weight * gate body arm length, the better the energy-saving effect.

[0048] The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions under the inventive concept belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gate counterweight energy-saving method, characterized in that: A steel cable is wound around the rotating shaft of the gate, and the ends of the steel cable are respectively connected to the gate body and the counterweight body, wherein the weight of the counterweight body * the length of the counterweight body force arm < 2 * the weight of the gate * the length of the gate force arm; by calculating the product or ratio between the weight of the counterweight body and the gate body, the length of the force arm, and the maximum lifting height, the optimal energy-saving effect of opening and closing the gate is obtained; the counterweight body force arm is the distance from the center line of the rotating shaft to the line of action of the weight of the counterweight; the gate body arm is the distance from the center line of the rotating shaft to the line of action of the weight of the gate body.

2. A gate counterweight energy-saving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection methods between the steel cable, the counterweight and the gate body during the gate opening and closing process include: A: The counterweight and gate body are connected to the steel cable through pulleys; B: The counterweight and gate body are connected by a steel cable directly wound around the rotating shaft; C: The counterweight and gate body are connected by a rope winder; D: The counterweight body and the gate body are connected by a steel cable with one end fixed on the rotating shaft.

3. A gate counterweight energy-saving method according to claim 2, characterized in that: For connection method A, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is 1:1; For connection method B, the ratio of gate arm to counterweight arm is 1:1; For connection method C, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is the diameter of the rope winder connected to the gate body: the diameter of the rope winder connected to the counterweight body; For connection method D, the ratio of the gate body force arm to the counterweight body force arm is the diameter of the rotating shaft where the gate body steel cable is fixed: the diameter of the rotating shaft where the counterweight body steel cable is fixed.

4. The gate counterweight energy-saving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the gate body force arm length and the counterweight force arm length are determined, the gate body force arm length: the maximum lifting (lowering) height of the gate body = the counterweight force arm length: the maximum lowering (lifting) height of the counterweight.

5. The gate counterweight energy-saving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Gate body lever arm length: gate body lifting (lowering) speed = counterweight lever arm length: counterweight lowering (lifting) speed.

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