Method and device for determining static correction value of seismic exploration in weathering area

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for determining a static correction value of seismic exploration in a weathering area. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a sand dune curve in a fitting mode based on the thickness of a weathered layer at a survey point in a weathered area and the average speed of seismic waves in the weathered layer; for each survey point, determining a difference value between the average speed of the survey point and the average speed determined according to the sand dune curve as a correction speed; for each physical point, determining the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point in the corresponding search range; according to the weathered layer thickness, the correction speed and the average speed of the survey points in the search range, determining a correction model representing the relationship among the weathered layer thickness, the correction speed and the average speed; and obtaining the average speed of the physical points through the correction model according to the correction speed of the physical points. According to the method, the problem of low static correction precision caused by differences of weathered layers in different regions is solved, the imaging effect of the seismic section is effectively improved, the production investment is low, and the calculation workload is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to a method and device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas. Background Art

[0002] The Taklimakan Desert, located in the central part of the Tarim Basin, is the largest desert in China. The surface sand layer is over 300m thick and belongs to the extremely thick weathering zone. Due to the dramatic topography and large lateral variations in the thickness of the weathering layer, the static correction problem in this area is prominent. At present, the calculation method of static correction for seismic exploration in extremely thick weathering areas mainly adopts the dune curve method. The dune curve is generally constructed through micro-well survey method, dune survey method and first-arrival refraction method (first-arrival inversion method).

[0003] The micro-logging survey method is to fit the relationship between the average velocity and thickness of the weathered layer surveyed at each surface survey point in the work area to obtain the dune curve; the dune survey method usually selects 1 to 2 dunes in the region or work area for on-site construction survey. The specific construction method is to arrange them across the dunes and excite them at both ends of the arrangement. By measuring the elevation of the physical point and picking up the first arrival, the relationship between the velocity and thickness of the weathered layer of the dune is calculated to obtain the dune curve. In order to improve the accuracy of static correction, the researchers carried out the first arrival inversion method. Since the arrival time of the first arrival wave is easy to pick up, and the energy is strong and the signal-to-noise ratio is high, the vertical time converted by the synthetic delay obtained by the first arrival of the cannon is used to fit the dune curve, so that the accuracy of the dune curve is improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The inventors have found that the above-mentioned methods for calculating static corrections for seismic exploration in thick weathered areas all have certain defects:

[0005] (1) Micro-well survey method

[0006] Since the accuracy of the dune curve directly affects the accuracy of the static correction calculation, and thus affects the data processing effect, the use of the above-mentioned micro-logging survey method requires the deployment of a large number of surface survey points in the work area. The large number of surface survey points will inevitably lead to a sharp increase in construction costs, which is difficult for production units to bear. At present, it is limited to one micro-logging survey point within a range of 1km to 2km, and there is a data blank area between two micro-logging wells. Therefore, the dune curve obtained by the micro-logging survey method can only be statistically general. Not only is the cost investment high, but there is also a problem of accuracy to a certain extent.

[0007] (2) Dune Survey Method

[0008] Affected by external forces, sand dunes at different locations in the thick weathering zone differ in shape, undulation, and lithology. Therefore, the dune curve established through the survey of 1 to 2 dunes cannot represent the entire work area, and this method has major problems in accuracy.

[0009] (3) First arrival inversion method

[0010] With the development of high-density exploration technology, the workload of picking up the first arrival of cannons is getting larger and larger, which requires a lot of time and manpower, and the time for providing static correction is greatly delayed. Therefore, this method is not applicable to field data processing.

[0011] In summary, the above-mentioned calculation method of seismic exploration static correction has defects such as large workload, high investment and low precision. Therefore, how to find a static correction method that can reduce the number of field micro-logging surveys and reduce workload while meeting the static correction accuracy is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0012] In order to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the inventors have made the present invention, and through a specific implementation method, provide a method and device for determining the static correction value of seismic exploration in weathered areas, so as to solve the problems of large production investment, heavy workload and low calculation accuracy of the static correction method in thick weathered areas.

[0013] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area, comprising:

[0014] Based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer, the dune curve is obtained by fitting.

[0015] For each survey point, the difference between its average speed and the average speed determined according to the dune curve is determined as the corrected speed;

[0016] For each physical point, the corrected speed of the physical point is determined according to the corrected speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range; a correction model is determined according to the weathering layer thickness, the corrected speed and the average speed of the survey point within the search range, and the correction model is used to characterize the relationship between the weathering layer thickness, the corrected speed and the average speed; according to the corrected speed of the physical point, the average speed of the physical point is obtained through the correction model.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area, comprising:

[0018] The sand dune curve establishment module is used to obtain the sand dune curve by fitting based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer;

[0019] A survey point corrected speed determination module, for determining, for each survey point, a difference between its average speed and the average speed determined according to the dune curve as a corrected speed;

[0020] A physical point static correction amount determination module is used to determine, for each physical point, the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range; determine a correction model according to the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range, the correction model being used to characterize the relationship between the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed; and obtain the average speed of the physical point through the correction model according to the correction speed of the physical point.

[0021] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas is implemented.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a server, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas when executing the program.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0024] The method for determining the static correction value of seismic exploration in a weathered area provided by an embodiment of the present invention searches for survey points adjacent to a physical point according to a search range, determines the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the adjacent survey points, solves the correction model according to the thickness of the weathering layer, the correction speed and the average speed of the adjacent survey points, and finally obtains a relatively accurate average speed of the physical point, thereby solving the problem of low static correction accuracy caused by differences in weathering layers in different regions, and effectively improving the imaging effect of the profile; at the same time, it solves the problems of large production investment and heavy workload of the static correction method in extremely thick weathered areas.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A surface elevation map of a certain survey line in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A diagram showing the relationship between the dune curve and the micro-well logging survey results in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a surface survey point distribution and search range diagram in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the point-by-point fitting results of the detection points in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 6A The single shot information processed by the point-by-point rolling fitting method in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6B The single shot information after being processed by the dune curve constrained tomography method in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the cross-sections processed by the point-by-point rolling fitting method (left) and the hill curve constrained tomography method (right) in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0038] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0039] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention belongs. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area, which solves the problem of low static correction accuracy caused by differences in weathering layers in different regions, effectively improves the imaging effect of seismic profiles, and requires less production investment and computational workload.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0043] Step S11: Based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer, a dune curve is obtained by fitting.

[0044] The survey point can be a micro-logging surface survey point. The micro-logging survey data of each survey point in the weathering area are analyzed and calculated to obtain the average velocity v of the seismic wave in the weathering layer at each survey point. a And the thickness of the weathering layer h, the obtained points are projected on the two-dimensional coordinate axis including the average velocity and the thickness of the weathering layer. The distribution of the points is approximately an exponential curve. Therefore, the functional relationship between the average velocity and the thickness of the weathering layer is an exponential relationship. The dune curve obtained by fitting is:

[0045]

[0046] In formula (1), v an is the average velocity determined from the dune curve, h is the thickness of the weathering layer, and a 1 and b 1 are the coefficients and exponents determined by fitting, respectively.

[0047] Step S12: For each survey point, the difference between the average speed and the average speed determined based on the dune curve is determined as the corrected speed.

[0048] Since there is a velocity difference between the survey point results and the dune curve, and the functional relationship between the average velocity and the thickness of the weathering layer is exponential, the modified general model is selected as the modified exponential function curve model according to the form of the dune curve:

[0049] v a =v 0 +ah b (2)

[0050] Correct the average speed. In formula (2), v a is the average speed (specifically, for the survey point, v a is the average velocity determined from micro-logging data; for physical points, v a is the corrected average speed), v 0 is the correction speed, a is the coefficient to be determined, and b is the exponent to be determined.

[0051] v 0 =v a -v an (3)

[0052] Step S13: for each physical point, determine the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range; determine the correction model according to the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range; and obtain the average speed of the physical point through the correction model according to the correction speed of the physical point.

[0053] The search radius is determined according to the distribution density of the survey points in the weathering area. The corresponding search range of the physical point is determined with the physical point as the center and the search radius as the radius. If the distribution density of the survey points is large, the search radius can be set smaller; correspondingly, if the distribution density of the survey points is small, the search radius can be set larger. The search radius is usually 8 to 10 kilometers, with about 20 survey points within the search range as the standard.

[0054] The correction speed of the physical point is determined according to the correction speed of the survey point in the corresponding search range, and the correction speed of the physical point can be determined by an inverse distance weighted method according to the correction speed of the survey point in the corresponding search range.

[0055] Specifically, according to the distance between each survey point and the physical point in the corresponding search range, the weight of each survey point is determined by the following formula (4):

[0056]

[0057] According to the weight and correction speed of each survey point in the corresponding search range, the correction speed of the physical point is determined by the following formula (5):

[0058]

[0059] In formula (4) and formula (5), x i is the distance between the ith survey point and the physical point, n is the number of survey points within the search range, and w i is the weight of the ith survey point, v i0 is the corrected speed of the ith survey point, v 0 To correct the speed.

[0060] According to the weathering layer thickness, corrected velocity and average velocity of the survey points within the search range, the values ​​of coefficients and exponents in the corrected general model are determined by fitting method to obtain the corrected model. The corrected model is used to characterize the relationship between weathering layer thickness, corrected velocity and average velocity.

[0061] Furthermore, the above fitting method can use the least squares fitting method.

[0062] First, the modified exponential function curve model v a =v 0 +ah b Transform and take the logarithm to get:

[0063] ln(v a -v 0 )=ln(a)+bln(h) (6)

[0064] make

[0065] u=ln(v a -v 0 ) (7)

[0066] A=ln(a) (8)

[0067] B=ln(h) (9)

[0068] The original model is converted to a straight line model:

[0069] u=A+bB (10)

[0070] The coefficient a and exponent b of the exponential function curve model are fitted using the least square method. The physical point correction velocity v 0 , coefficient a, index b and weathering layer thickness h (the weathering layer thickness h of the physical point can be obtained from the weathering layer thickness library of the work area) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain the average velocity v of the physical point a .

[0071] Repeat step S13 to roll and fit the v of each physical point point by point 0 , a, b, determine the average velocity v of the weathering layer at the physical point a According to the average velocity of the physical point and the thickness of the weathering layer, the static correction amount of the physical point can be calculated through the static correction amount calculation formula.

[0072] The method for determining the static correction value of seismic exploration in a weathered area provided by an embodiment of the present invention searches for survey points adjacent to a physical point according to a search range, determines the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the adjacent survey points, solves the correction model according to the thickness of the weathering layer, the correction speed and the average speed of the adjacent survey points, and finally obtains a relatively accurate average speed of the physical point, thereby solving the problem of low static correction accuracy caused by differences in weathering layers in different regions, and effectively improving the imaging effect of the profile; at the same time, it solves the problems of large production investment and heavy workload of the static correction method in extremely thick weathered areas.

[0073] Embodiment 2

[0074] The second embodiment of the present invention provides a specific application of a method for determining static corrections in seismic exploration in a weathered area. A two-dimensional seismic exploration acquisition project in the desert area of ​​xx basin is selected. The surface sand dunes in this area are undulating violently, with a maximum drop of 100m, and belong to a thick weathered area. Take a two-dimensional survey line with a length of 50km in this project as an example, see Figure 2 The specific implementation of static correction work is as follows:

[0075] (1) Using the results of surface survey points to establish the average velocity v a Mathematical function form of the weathering layer thickness h.

[0076] The survey data of the existing surface survey points in the work area were analyzed. According to statistics, there are 576 surface survey points in the work area. The average velocity v of each point was calculated. a and the thickness of the weathering layer h, it can be seen that the distribution of the points is approximately an exponential curve ( Figure 3 ), so the functional relationship between the average velocity and the thickness of the weathering layer is exponential, and the fitted dune curve expression is:

[0077] v an =334.61h 0.1494

[0078] (2) According to the weathering layer thickness h and average velocity v a Select the modified exponential function curve model for the functional relationship.

[0079] Since there is a velocity difference between the surface survey point results and the dune curve, and the functional relationship between the average velocity and the thickness of the weathering layer is exponential, the modified exponential function curve model is selected as follows:

[0080] v a =v 0 +ah b

[0081] Correct the average speed, then the corrected speed of the surface survey point is:

[0082] v 0 =v a -v an

[0083] (3) Fit and calculate the average velocity of the weathering layer at the physical point.

[0084] See also Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the surface survey points near the physical point are searched with a radius of 10 km. 28 micro-well logging points are found near one of the physical points. The inverse distance weighting method is used to calculate the v value by assigning weight coefficients according to the distance from the physical point. 0 Finally, the corrected velocity v of the physical point is obtained 0 =-28.2m / s.

[0085] Find the physical point v 0 Then, the least squares method is used to fit the function v a -h coefficient a and exponent b.

[0086] Using the results of 28 surface survey points (v a , h) finally solved a=301.461, b=0.171, the thickness of the weathering layer at this physical point is h=57.1m, and v 0 Substitute a, b, and h into formula (2) to obtain the average velocity v of the weathering layer at the physical point a =573.8m / s.

[0087] (4) Rolling fit the average velocity of each physical point point by point.

[0088] Repeat step (3) to roll and fit the v of each physical point point by point 0 , a, b, determine the average velocity v of the weathering layer at the physical point a The final fitting results of 5583 detection points along the entire survey line can be found in Figure 5 shown.

[0089] (5) Calculate the static correction value based on the weathering layer thickness and average velocity at the physical point.

[0090] After the above four steps, the average speed v of the physical point in the entire work area can be calculated a , the static correction amount of the physical point can be calculated by the static correction amount calculation formula. Comparison of the single shot and profile ( Fig. 6A , Figure 6B , Figure 7 ), it can be found that the point-by-point fitting method of the embodiment of the present invention provides a smoother single shot first arrival after static correction processing, and the profile event axis is clearer and more continuous.

[0091] Through the above five steps, the entire process of the point-by-point fitting static correction method in the thick weathering area is completed.

[0092] This embodiment selects a modified exponential function curve model, adopts the least squares method to fit the results of surface survey points within a certain radius of the physical point, and uses the inverse distance weighted method to obtain the correction term, determine the average velocity, and then obtain the static correction value, so as to solve the problems of large production investment, heavy workload and low calculation accuracy of the static correction method in extremely thick weathered areas.

[0093] Based on the inventive concept of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area. The structure of the device is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, including:

[0094] The sand dune curve establishment module 81 is used to obtain the sand dune curve by fitting based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer;

[0095] A survey point corrected speed determination module 82 is used to determine, for each survey point, the difference between its average speed and the average speed determined according to the dune curve as a corrected speed;

[0096] The physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is used to determine the correction speed of each physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range; determine the correction model according to the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range, and the correction model is used to characterize the relationship between the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed; according to the correction speed of the physical point, the average speed of the physical point is obtained through the correction model.

[0097] In some optional embodiments, the physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is used to:

[0098] According to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range, the correction speed of the physical point is determined by the inverse distance weighting method.

[0099] In some optional embodiments, the physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is used to:

[0100] According to the distance between each survey point and the physical point in the corresponding search range, the weight of each survey point is determined by the following formula:

[0101]

[0102] According to the weight and correction speed of each survey point in the corresponding search range, the correction speed of the physical point is determined by the following formula:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, x i is the distance between the ith survey point and the physical point, n is the number of survey points within the search range, and w i is the weight of the ith survey point, v i0 is the corrected speed of the ith survey point, v 0 To correct the speed.

[0105] In some optional embodiments, the sand dune curve establishing module 81 is used to:

[0106] The dune curve obtained by fitting is:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, v an is the average velocity determined from the dune curve, h is the thickness of the weathering layer, and a 1 and b 1 are the coefficients and exponents determined by fitting, respectively.

[0109] In some optional embodiments, the sand dune curve establishing module 81 is further used for:

[0110] According to the form of the dune curve, the modified general model is determined as follows:

[0111] v a =v 0 +ah b

[0112] Among them, v a is the average speed, v 0 is the correction speed, a is the coefficient to be determined, and b is the exponent to be determined.

[0113] In some optional embodiments, the physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is used to:

[0114] According to the weathering layer thickness, the correction speed and the average speed of the survey points within the search range, the values ​​of the coefficients and the exponents in the corrected general model are determined by a fitting method to obtain a corrected model.

[0115] In some optional embodiments, the physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is used to determine the corresponding search range of the physical point in the following manner:

[0116] The search radius is determined according to the distribution density of the survey points in the weathering area, and the corresponding search range of the physical point is determined with the physical point as the center and the search radius as the radius.

[0117] In some optional embodiments, the physical point static correction amount determination module 83 is further used to:

[0118] Determine the static correction amount of the physical point based on the average velocity of the physical point and the thickness of the weathering layer.

[0119] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0120] Based on the inventive concept of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, in which computer executable instructions are stored. When the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas is implemented.

[0121] Based on the inventive concept of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a server, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas when executing the program.

[0122] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, computing, calculating, determining, displaying, etc. may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems, or similar devices, which operate and convert data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within registers or memories of a processing system into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within memories, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0123] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process can be rearranged without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The attached method claims present the elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0124] In the above detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment to simplify the disclosure. This method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that an embodiment of the claimed subject matter requires more features than those set forth in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is in a state of having less than all the features of the disclosed individual embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can all be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above around their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or software depends on specific applications and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. A skilled person can implement the described functions in an alternative manner for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0126] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments herein may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software module may be located in a RAM memory, a flash memory, a ROM memory, an EPROM memory, an EEPROM memory, a register, a hard disk, a mobile disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in an ASIC. The ASIC may be located in a user terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also be present in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0127] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. These software codes can be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor. In the latter case, it is coupled to the processor in a communication manner via various means, which are well known in the art.

[0128] The above description includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods for the purpose of describing the above embodiments, but it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments may be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims. In addition, with respect to the term "comprising" used in the specification or claims, the word is covered in a manner similar to the term "including", just as "including," is explained as a transitional word in the claims. In addition, any term "or" used in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".

Claims

1. A method for determining static corrections for seismic exploration in weathered areas, characterized in that: include: Based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer, the dune curve is obtained by fitting. For each survey point, the difference between its average speed and the average speed determined according to the dune curve is determined as the corrected speed; For each physical point, determining a correction speed of the physical point according to a correction speed of a survey point within a corresponding search range; A correction model is determined according to the weathering layer thickness, corrected speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range, and the correction model is used to characterize the relationship between the weathering layer thickness, corrected speed and average speed; and the average speed of the physical point is obtained through the correction model according to the corrected speed of the physical point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range includes: According to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range, the correction speed of the physical point is determined by the inverse distance weighting method.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Determining the correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range includes: According to the distance between each survey point and the physical point in the corresponding search range, the weight of each survey point is determined by the following formula (1): According to the weight and correction speed of each survey point in the corresponding search range, the correction speed of the physical point is determined by the following formula (2): In formula (1) and formula (2), x i is the distance between the ith survey point and the physical point, n is the number of survey points within the search range, and w i is the weight of the ith survey point, v i0 is the corrected speed of the ith survey point, and v0 is the corrected speed.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The dune curve is obtained by fitting, including: The dune curve obtained by fitting is: In formula (3), v an is the average velocity determined from the dune curve, h is the thickness of the weathering layer, and a 1 and b 1 are the coefficients and exponents determined by fitting, respectively.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that After obtaining the dune curve by fitting, the method further includes: According to the form of the dune curve, the modified general model is determined as follows: v a =v0+ah b (4) In formula (4), v a is the average speed, v0 is the corrected speed, a is the coefficient to be determined, and b is the exponent to be determined.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the correction model according to the weathering layer thickness, correction speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range includes: According to the weathering layer thickness, the correction speed and the average speed of the survey points within the search range, the values ​​of the coefficients and the exponents in the corrected general model are determined by a fitting method to obtain a corrected model.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The corresponding search range of the physical point is determined as follows: The search radius is determined according to the distribution density of the survey points in the weathering area, and the corresponding search range of the physical point is determined with the physical point as the center and the search radius as the radius.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: After obtaining the average speed of the physical point, the method further includes: Determine the static correction amount of the physical point based on the average velocity of the physical point and the thickness of the weathering layer.

9. A device for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas, characterized in that: include: The sand dune curve establishment module is used to obtain the sand dune curve by fitting based on the thickness of the weathering layer at the survey point in the weathering area and the average velocity of the seismic wave in the weathering layer; A survey point corrected speed determination module, for determining, for each survey point, a difference between its average speed and the average speed determined according to the dune curve as a corrected speed; A physical point static correction amount determination module, used to determine, for each physical point, a correction speed of the physical point according to the correction speed of the survey point within the corresponding search range; A correction model is determined according to the weathering layer thickness, corrected speed and average speed of the survey point within the search range, and the correction model is used to characterize the relationship between the weathering layer thickness, corrected speed and average speed; and the average speed of the physical point is obtained through the correction model according to the corrected speed of the physical point.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: The computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, the end-to-end method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in weathered areas according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

11. A server, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for determining static correction values ​​for seismic exploration in a weathered area according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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